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(共23张PPT)
UNIT 5
Power of Ideas
Passive voice in the simple present and past tenses
能够归纳并总结一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的结构特征、表意功能及用法。
能够正确使用一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态谈论与发明创造主题相关的内容，如介绍发明功能、描述发明历史、说明发明应用等。
能够在语篇语境下正确使用一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态结构建构语义、表达思想。
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示句子的主语和谓语动词之间的关系。语态通常分为主动语态和被动语态。
The telephone was invented by Alexander Bell in 1876.
Alexander Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
主语是动作的发出者
主语是动作的承受者
主动语态
被动语态
Read the sentences. Circle the verbs in the passive voice.
A mini-camera is connected to the front of the glasses.
The oil and salt are also added by the machine itself.
Toys, chairs, tables, and even houses can all be made by the 3D printer.
A radio message was sent across the Atlantic Ocean for the first time in 1901.
被动语态句子有两类：1. 带施事者：含by的短语；
2. 不带施事者：不含by短语。
被动语态由“be动词+过去分词”构成。
be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。
使用场景
Situation 1: 不知道或不需要说出动作的执行者时。
我的自行车修好了。(谁修的不重要。)
这本书被许多人阅读。(强调“这本书”很受欢迎。)
My bike is repaired.
This book is read by many people.
Situation 2: 强调动作的承受者。
4. These radios are still used by old people.
3. Many new inventions are used in our daily lives.
1.I am often asked about my favorite invention.
房间每天都被打扫。
许多新发明被应用在我们的日常生活中。
2. The room is cleaned every day.
我经常被问到我最喜欢的发明是什么。
这些收音机仍然被老人们使用。
主语
am/is/are
动词的过去分词
一般现在时的被动语态
结构
1. 肯定句: 主语 + am/is/are + 动词的过去分词
(+ by + 动作执行者).
这些角色被全世界的人们喜爱。
这份工作并不总被大多数人理解。
The characters are loved by people all over the world.
This job is not always understood by most people.
句式
2. 否定句: 主语 + am/is/are + not + 动词的过去分词
(+ by + 动作执行者).
3. 一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 动词的过去分词
(+ by + 动作执行者)
这些动画角色被孩子们熟知吗？
这部经典动画在哪里放映？
Are these animated characters known by children
Where is this classic animation shown
4. 特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + am/is/are (+主语) + 动词的过去分词 (+ by + 动作执行者)
主动语态变被动语态
主动语态 My mother waters the flowers every morning.
被动语态
第1步：主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语(代词要用主格)。
The flowers
are watered
第2步：主动语态的谓语动词变成“am/is/are + 动词的过去分词”形式。
by my mother
第3步：主动语态的主语变成“by+动作执行者”放在主谓结构后面
(有时可省略)。
every morning.
第4步：其他成分抄下来。
主语
宾语
谓语
宾语
主语
谓语
3. The classroom was cleaned by us after school yesterday.
4. Pipes were used to keep the ground hard when building the Qinghai-Xizang Railway.
2. Many new inventions were developed because of the radio.
1.The first 3D printer was created in the 1980s.
许多新发明都因无线电的出现而被研发出来。
教室是我们昨天放学后打扫的。
第一台3D打印机是在20世纪80年代被发明的。
修建青藏铁路时，管道被用来保持地面坚硬。
主语
was/were
动词的过去分词
一般过去时的被动语态
结构
肯定句: 主语 + was/were + 动词过去分词 (+ by +
动作执行者).
I was praised by the teacher.
2. 否定句: 主语 + was/were + not + 动词过去分词
(+ by + 动作执行者).
The windows were not broken by him.
我被老师表扬了。
窗户不是被他打破的。
句式
3. 一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词
(+ by + 动作执行者)
— Was your homework finished yesterday
— Yes, it was. / No, it wasn't.
特殊疑问句: 疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + 动词过去分词
(+ by + 动作执行者)
— When was the company founded
— Two years ago.
—你昨天完成作业了吗？
—是的，完成了。/ 不，没有完成。
—这家公司是什么时候成立的？
—两年前。
1. Our homework must be finished on time.
我们的作业必须按时完成。
2. It can be used everywhere.
它可以在各处被使用。
3. The invention should be respected.
这项发明应该被尊重。
主语 + 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 (+ by sb.)
含情态动词的被动语态
结构
Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
1. The telephone _____________ (invent) by Alexander Bell in 1876.
2. People all over the world ____________ (connect) to each other through the internet.
3. The word “robot” _____________ (introduce) for the first time in a play in 1920.
was invented
are connected
was introduced
4. It wasn’t supposed to make such a loud noise when the button ____________ (press) to start the machine.
5. It is believed that the world’s oldest wheel _____________ ( find) in Eastern Europe.
was pressed
was found
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. Make a profile of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway.
The Qinghai–Xizang Railway was completed in 2006. It __________ (connect) Xining to Lhasa, a huge distance of 1,956 kilometres, and it is the highest railway in the world, reaching 5,072 metres above sea level at Tanggula Pass.
The building of the railway was a great challenge. Creative ideas __________ (need) to solve different problems. In summer, the top layer of the frozen ground would melt and become too soft to build on, so pipes __________ (use) to keep the ground hard.
connects
were needed
were used
However, in some places, it was impossible to build the railway over the frozen ground, so tunnels had to __________ (create) instead. In some other places, bridges __________ (build) to keep the railway up above the ground. These bridges are animal-friendly and __________ (allow) animals to pass under the tracks.
As an important and successful project, the railway has __________ (increase) tourism and economic development in the area. The lessons learnt and experience gained from building this railway will help __________ (improve) transport in other similar places in the world.
be created
were built
allow
increased
(to) improve
Ⅰ. 根据语境及提示词语补全句子，每空词数不限。
1. The old buildings in this town ____________(check) for safety every September.
2. Who ____________(choose) as the lead actor in the English drama yesterday
3. Which language ____________________ (most, commonly, use) by people in international business meetings
are checked
was chosen
is most commonly used
4. The sports meeting ___________________________ (not, hold, outdoors) if it rains heavily tomorrow morning.
5. My mother forgot to set the alarm clock, and we _____________ (wake up) by birds singing outside the window that morning.
isn’t going to/ be held outdoors
won't
were woken up
被动语态
(passive voice)
1. 语态区别
主动语态
（主语是动作的_______）
被动语态
（主语是动作的________）
2.一般现在时的被动语态结构：
主语+__________ (not) +动词的过去分词
3.一般过去时的被动语态结构：
主语+__________ (not) +动词的过去分词
am/ is/ are
was/ were
执行者由 ______ 引出
by
执行者
承受者
Write 5 sentences about one of the most useful inventions for you using the passive voice in the simple present and past tenses.
Preview Section B.

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