Unit 3 Make it happen! 单元语法:动词不定式和动名词作宾语精讲精练(含解析)-2026-2027 学年外研版(新教材)八年级上册英语

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Unit 3 Make it happen! 单元语法:动词不定式和动名词作宾语精讲精练(含解析)-2026-2027 学年外研版(新教材)八年级上册英语

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答案解析
一、单项选择(共20小题)
1.答案:D。解析:decide to do sth. 为固定搭配,意为“决定做某事”,to 后接动词原形,故填 to go。句意:因为天气很好,这一家人决定去徒步。A 项 went(go 的过去式)、B 项 gone(go 的过去分词)、C 项 going(动名词/现在分词)都不能直接作 decide 的宾语,均排除。
2.答案:A。解析:plan to do sth. 意为“计划做某事”,to 后接动词原形;arrive 是不及物动词,arrive in Tianjin(到达天津,in 接大地点)。tomorrow 提示将来计划。句意:我哥哥明天计划到达天津。B 项 arrives(三单)、C 项 arrived(过去式)、D 项 arrive(原形)都不能直接接在 plan 后作宾语,均排除。
3.答案:B。解析:hope to do sth. 意为“希望做某事”,hope 后接不定式作宾语;注意 hope 不能接 sb. to do sth. 结构。句意:我希望能和朋友们一起去新博物馆。A 项 go(原形)、C 项 going(动名词)、D 项 goes(三单)均不符合 hope 后接不定式的用法,排除。
4.答案:C。解析:want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”,to 后接动词原形。句意:我想去电影院看一部 3D 电影。A 项 to seeing(want 不接 to doing)、B 项 seeing(want 不直接接动名词)、D 项 see(缺不定式符号 to)均排除。
5.答案:A。解析:be busy doing sth. 为固定搭配,意为“忙于做某事”,busy 后接动名词。句意:这对双胞胎兄弟正忙于用海洋废料制作艺术品。ocean waste 意为“海洋垃圾、海洋废料”。B 项 make(原形)、C 项 to make(不定式)、D 项 made(过去式/过去分词)都不符合 be busy doing 结构,排除。
6.答案:B。解析:offer to do sth. 意为“主动提出做某事”,offer 后接不定式。show sb. around 意为“带某人参观”。句意:陆瑶是一个如此友好的女孩,她主动提出带我游览昆明。such...that... 意为“如此……以至于”。A 项 show(原形)、C 项 showing(动名词)、D 项 to showing(offer 不接 to doing)均排除。
7.答案:B。解析:learn to do sth. 意为“学会/学习做某事”,learn 后接不定式。句意:我们要学会面对失败,并继续朝着目标前进。face failures 意为“面对失败”;keep moving 意为“继续前进”。A 项 face(原形)、C 项 facing(动名词)、D 项 faced(过去式)均不符合 learn 后接不定式的用法,排除。
8.答案:D。解析:agree to do sth. 意为“同意做某事”,agree 后接不定式。句意:这幅画对他真的非常宝贵,他绝不会同意卖掉它。valuable 意为“宝贵的”;never 意为“决不”。A 项 sell(原形)、B 项 sells(三单)、C 项 sold(过去式)均不能直接作 agree 的宾语,排除。
9.答案:C。解析:enjoy doing sth. 意为“喜欢做某事”,enjoy 后接动名词。句意:许多孩子喜欢吃巧克力,但这对他们的牙齿有害。It’s bad for... 意为“对……有害”。A 项 eat(原形)、B 项 to eat(enjoy 不接不定式)、D 项 to eating(enjoy 不接 to doing)均排除。
10.答案:A。解析:finish doing sth. 意为“完成做某事”,finish 后接动名词。句意:——鲍勃,你读过查尔斯·狄更斯写的《雾都孤儿》吗?——读过,这个星期三我读完了它。written by Charles Dickens 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 the book。B 项 read(原形)、C 项 to read、D 项 reads(三单)均不符合 finish 后接动名词的用法,排除。
11.答案:B。解析:pay attention to doing sth. 意为“注意做某事”,look forward to doing sth. 意为“期待做某事”,这两个短语中的 to 都是介词,介词后应接动名词,故选 keeping、seeing。句意:与朋友交谈时我们应始终注意自己的言行举止,因为我们都盼着很快再见到他们。manner 意为“礼貌、举止”。A、C、D 三个选项都含 to do 形式,错把介词 to 当作不定式符号,均排除。
12.答案:D。解析:mind doing sth. 意为“介意做某事”,Would you mind doing... 是礼貌地请求对方做某事的常用句型,mind 后接动名词。句意:——艾米,我今天实在太忙了,你介意吃完午饭后洗一下碗碟吗?——当然不介意,妈妈,我会仔细洗干净的。A 项 wash(原形)、B 项 washed(过去式)、C 项 to wash(不定式)均不符合 mind 后接动名词的用法,排除。
13.答案:B。解析:suggest doing sth. 意为“建议做某事”,suggest 后接动名词(suggest 不能接 sb. to do sth.,也不能直接接不定式)。句意:我们建议为村里贫困的学生募集衣物。raise clothes 意为“募集衣物”。A 项 raise(原形)、C 项 to raise(不定式)、D 项 raised(过去式)均排除。
14.答案:B。解析:第一空 stop doing sth. 意为“停止正在做的事”,停的是“学习”这个动作,故用 studying;第二空 remember to do sth. 意为“记得要去做某事”(动作尚未发生,表提醒),故用 to wear。句意:请停止学习,出去散散步吧。记得穿上保暖的衣物。A 项 wearing 错(remember 表提醒应接 to do);C 项 to study 错(stop to study 是“停下来去学习”,与 go out for a walk 矛盾);D 项 wearing 错,故排除 A、C、D。
15.答案:C。解析:第一空 try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”(努力完成),故用 to learn;第二空 keep doing sth. 意为“坚持做某事”,故用 speaking。句意:他努力学好英语,并且每天坚持说英语。A 项 to speak 错(keep 后接动名词);B 项 learning 错(try to do 才表“尽力去做”);D 项两空均错,排除。
16.答案:C。解析:refuse to do sth. 意为“拒绝做某事”,refuse 后接不定式。句意:格林太太拒绝吃甜食,她不想变胖。get fat 意为“变胖”;doesn’t want to 意为“不想”。A 项 eat(原形)、B 项 eating(动名词)、D 项 eats(三单)均不符合 refuse 后接不定式的用法,排除。
17.答案:B。解析:第一空由 yesterday 判断用一般过去时,play 的过去式为 played;第二空 practise doing sth. 意为“练习做某事”,practise 后接动名词,故用 playing。句意:——昨天在学校才艺秀上蒂姆吉他弹得很好。——我也这么认为,他每天练习弹吉他。A 项 plays 非过去式且 play 非动名词;C 项 to play 错;D 项 play 非过去式,排除。
18.答案:B。解析:本句为“It’s + 形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.”句型,意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,需用不定式 to practise;practise doing sth. 意为“练习做某事”,故用 playing。句意:校运动会快到了,对我们来说更经常地练习打篮球很重要。A 项缺 to;C 项 to play 错(practise 后接动名词);D 项缺 to,排除。
19.答案:C。解析:avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”,avoid 后接动名词。句意:小心!我们应该避免再犯同样的错误。Be careful 意为“小心”;the same mistake 意为“同样的错误”。A 项 make(原形)、B 项 to make(不定式)、D 项 made(过去式)均不符合 avoid 后接动名词的用法,排除。
20.答案:B。解析:第一空 advise sb. not to do sth. 意为“建议某人不要做某事”,不定式否定形式为 not to do,故用 not to gather;第二空 miss doing sth. 意为“怀念做某事”,故用 hanging out。句意:由于新冠疫情,政府建议我们不要聚集,但我真的很怀念和朋友们一起闲逛。A 项 to not gather 词序错误(应为 not to do);C 项 to hang out 错(miss 后接动名词);D 项 not gathering 错(advise 后接 sb. not to do,而非 not doing),排除。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(共15小题)
1.答案:argue。解析:want to do sth. 意为“想要做某事”,to 后接动词原形,括号中给出的 argument 是名词,意为“争论;论据;争吵”;其对应的动词为 argue,意为“争论;争吵”。此处需用动词原形,故填 argue。argue with sb. 意为“与某人争吵”。句意:我不想和你争吵,因为争吵解决不了我们之间的问题。
2.答案:working。解析:be busy doing sth. 为固定搭配,意为“忙于做某事”,busy 后接动名词,故填 working。句意:他爸爸忙于工作,几乎没有时间休息。has little time to rest 意为“几乎没有时间休息”(little 表否定)。
3.答案:camping。解析:go camping 为固定搭配,意为“去野营”,故填 camping。句意:去野营之前,我们需要准备睡袋和手电筒。prepare 意为“准备”;sleeping bags 意为“睡袋”;flashlights 意为“手电筒”。
4.答案:cooking。解析:be good at doing sth. 意为“擅长做某事”,at 是介词,后接动名词,故填 cooking。句意:我哥哥擅长烹饪牛肉和土豆。
5.答案:donating。解析:by doing sth. 意为“通过做某事”,by 是介词,后接动名词,故填 donating。句意:我们可以通过向动物保护组织捐款来帮助野生动物。animal protection organizations 意为“动物保护组织”。
6.答案:to do / doing。解析:start 后既可接不定式 to do,也可接动名词 doing,二者意义基本相同,意为“开始做某事”,故两空都可填。句意:许多著名的物理学家小时候就开始做实验。experiments 意为“实验”;physicists 意为“物理学家”。
7.答案:to help。解析:offer to do sth. 意为“主动提出做某事”,offer 后接不定式,故填 to help。句意:会议结束后她主动提出帮忙打扫教室。clean up 意为“打扫干净”。
8.答案:smoking。解析:stop doing sth. 意为“停止正在做的事”,看到“禁止吸烟”标志时应停下吸烟的动作,故填 smoking。若用 stop to do 则表示“停下来去吸烟”,与语境相反。句意:那位男士看到“禁止吸烟”的标识后停止了吸烟。
9.答案:to change。解析:expect to do sth. 意为“期望做某事”,expect 后接不定式,故填 to change。句意:不要指望一天之内就能改变你的生活方式。lifestyle 意为“生活方式”;in a day 意为“在一天之内”。
10.答案:to provide。解析:aim to do sth. 意为“旨在/目标是做某事”,aim 后接不定式,故填 to provide。句意:这个志愿者团队旨在为低收入家庭的孩子提供免费教育。low-income families 意为“低收入家庭”;free education 意为“免费教育”。
11.答案:to travel。解析:decide to do sth. 意为“决定做某事”,decide 后接不定式,故填 to travel。句意:自从这位 73 岁的老人决定环游世界以来,他从未放弃过自己的梦想。around the world 意为“环游世界”;has never given up 意为“从未放弃”。
12.答案:to visit。解析:remember to do sth. 意为“记得要去做某事”(动作尚未发生,表提醒),句意为“你在北京时记得去参观长城”,长城还没去,故填 to visit。若填 visiting(remember doing)则表示“记得做过某事”,与语境不符。
13.答案:not to drink。解析:choose to do sth. 意为“选择做某事”,不定式否定形式为 not to do,故填 not to drink。句意:为了晚上睡得好,我今天选择不喝太多咖啡。句首 To sleep well at night 为不定式短语表目的;too much 修饰不可数名词 coffee。
14.答案:to buy。解析:afford to do sth. 意为“负担得起做某事”,can’t afford to do sth. 意为“负担不起做某事”,afford 后接不定式,故填 to buy。句意:这个女孩对音乐表现出浓厚的兴趣,但她的家人负担不起给她买一架钢琴。show interest in 意为“对……感兴趣”;piano 意为“钢琴”。
15.答案:to plant。解析:learn to do sth. 意为“学会/学习做某事”,learn 后接不定式,故填 to plant。句意:我去拜访叔叔时学会了植树。plant trees 意为“植树”。外研版(新教材)八年级上册 Unit 3 Make it happen! 语法精讲精练
动词不定式和动名词作宾语
核心语法1:动词不定式(to do)作宾语
知识点1 核心语法讲解
结构:to + 动词原形
> 【注解】这里的to叫不定式符号,无词义;不定式没有人称、数的变化,不能独立作句子谓语,放在及物动词后充当宾语,常表示打算、意愿,动作尚未发生。
常用动词(后固定接 to do)
plan(计划)、decide(决定)、want(想要)、hope(希望)、offer(主动提出)、learn(学习)、agree(同意)、refuse(拒绝)
动词 中文含义 搭配 例句解析
plan 计划 plan to do sth. We planned to watch for an hour. 解析:不定式to watch作plan的宾语,表示计划要做的事
decide 决定 decide to do sth. He decided not to go there. 解析:不定式 to go 作 decided 宾语;否定形式not to do;
want 想要 want to do sth. / want sb. to do sth. I wanted to see the Beijing opera. 解析:不定式to see作wanted宾语;want后可接人作宾语再加不定式
hope 希望 hope to do sth. I hope to understand more next time. 解析:不定式 to understand 作 hope 的宾语;无 hope sb. to do sth. 结构
offer 主动提出 offer to do sth. Li Ling offered to take me there. 解析:不定式to take作offered宾语,主动提出做某事
learn 学习 learn to do sth. She learns to play the piano. 解析:不定式to play作learn宾语
agree 同意 agree to do sth. They agreed to help us. 解析:不定式to help作agreed宾语
refuse 拒绝 refuse to do sth. He refused to join us. 解析:不定式to join作refused宾语
知识点2 重点拓展&易错警示
1. 不定式否定形式:not to + 动词原形
例:He decided not to go there. 他决定不去那儿。
2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
3. hope to do sth. 希望做某事
【高频错句】hope sb. to do sth.(英语无此结构!)
若要表达“希望某人做某事”,改用宾语从句:
I hope (that) he can come. 我希望他能来。
核心语法2:动名词(doing)作宾语
知识点1 核心语法讲解
构成:动词原形 + -ing
> 【注解】-ing形式在这里叫动名词,具备名词的词性,放在及物动词后面作宾语。有一部分动词后面只能接doing,不能接to do。
常用动词(后固定接 doing)
enjoy(喜欢)、practise(练习)、finish(完成)、avoid(避免)、keep(保持)、mind(介意)、suggest(建议)、miss(错过)
> 备注:`practise` 为英式拼写;美式拼写写作practice。
动词 中文含义 搭配 例句解析
enjoy 喜欢 enjoy doing sth. She enjoys learning about different cultures. 解析:learning动名词作enjoys宾语
practise 练习 practise doing sth. He practises playing the guitar every day. 解析:playing动名词作practises宾语
finish 完成 finish doing sth. I finish reading the book. 解析:reading动名词作finish宾语
avoid 避免 avoid doing sth. You should avoid making mistakes. 解析:making动名词作avoid宾语
keep 保持 keep doing sth. Keep trying, and you will win. 解析:trying动名词作keep宾语
mind 介意 mind doing sth. Would you mind not smoking here 解析:not doing为动名词否定形式
suggest 建议 suggest doing sth. He suggests going by bus. 解析:going动名词作suggest宾语
miss 错过 miss doing sth. I missed meeting you yesterday. 解析:meeting动名词作miss宾语
知识点2 拓展必考1:同一动词后既可接to do,也可接doing(含义不同)
动词 搭配 中文含义 例句解析
remember remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (动作已完成) I remember seeing her. 解析:见过她这件事已经发生
remember to do sth. 记得要去做某事 (动作未做,表提醒) You must remember to lock the door. 解析:锁门这件事还没有做
forget forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (事情做了,但是忘了) I forgot closing the door. 解析:我不记得自己关过门了
forget to do sth. 忘记要去做某事 (事情没有做) Don’t forget to close the door. 解析:别忘了关门(还没关)
stop stop doing sth. 停止正在做的事 Stop talking! 解析:停下说话这个动作
stop to do sth. 停下当前的事,去做另一件事 He stopped to have a rest. 解析:停下手上的事,目的是休息
try try doing sth. 试着做某事 (尝试一种方法) Try using this pen. 解析:试一试这支笔,看效果如何
try to do sth. 尽力、努力去做某事 Try to finish your homework. 解析:尽全力完成作业
知识点4 拓展必考2:短语中to为介词,后接doing
不是带to就一定是不定式to do!部分固定短语中的to是介词,介词后面只能接名词或者doing。
短语 中文含义 正确例句&解析
look forward to doing 期待做…… I look forward to visiting the museum. 解析:to是介词,后面用visiting, 不能用visit
pay attention to doing 注意…… Please pay attention to listening to the teacher. 解析:to是介词,后面用listening, 不能用listen
考点精练
一、单项选择(共20小题)
从A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )1.The family have decided __________ hiking because the weather is nice.
A.went B.gone C.going D.to go
( )2.My brother plans __________ in Tianjin tomorrow.
A.to arrive B.arrives C.arrived D.arrive
( )3.—What’s your plan for the weekend
—I hope __________ to the new museum with my friends.
A.go B.to go C.going D.goes
( )4.—Ann, what would you like to do this weekend
—I want __________ a 3D movie in the cinema.
A.to seeing B.seeing C.to see D.see
( )5.The twin brothers are busy __________ artworks from ocean waste.
A.making B.make C.to make D.made
( )6.Lu Yao is such a friendly girl that she offers __________ me around Kunming.
A.show B.to show C.showing D.to showing
( )7.We learn __________ failures and keep moving towards our goals.
A.face B.to face C.facing D.faced
( )8.The painting is really valuable to him. He will never agree __________ it.
A.sell B.sells C.sold D.to sell
( )9.Many kids enjoy __________ chocolate. But it's bad for their teeth.
A.eat B.to eat C.eating D.to eating
( )10.—Bob, have you ever read the book Oliver Twist written by Charles Dickens
—Yes, I finished __________ it this Wednesday.
A.reading B.read C.to read D.reads
( )11.We should always pay attention to __________ our manners when talking with friends, because we all look forward to __________ them again soon.
A.keep; see B.keeping; seeing C.to keep; to see D.keeping; to see
( )12.—Amy, today is quite full for me. Would you mind __________ the dishes after you finish lunch
—Of course not, Mom. I’ll clean them carefully.
A.wash B.washed C.to wash D.washing
( )13.We suggest __________ clothes for the poor students in the village.
A.raise B.raising C.to raise D.raised
( )14.Please stop __________ and go out for a walk. Remember __________ warm clothes.
A.to study; wearing B.studying; to wear
C.to study; to wear D.studying; wearing
( )15.He tries __________ English well. And he keeps __________ English every day.
A.to learn,to speak B.learning,speaking C.to learn,speaking D.learning,to speak
( )16.Mrs. Green refuses __________ sweet food. She doesn’t want to get fat.
A.eat B.eating C.to eat D.eats
( )17.—Tim __________ the guitar very well in the School Talent Show yesterday.
—I think so. He practises __________ it every day.
A.plays; play B.played; playing C.played; to play D.play; playing
( )18.As the school sports meeting is coming, it’s important for us __________ basketball more often.
A.practise playing B.to practise playing
C.to practise to play D.practise playing
( )19.Be careful! We should avoid __________ the same mistake again.
A.make B.to make C.making D.made
( )20.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, our government advises us __________, but I really miss __________ with my friends.
A.to not gather; hanging out B.not to gather; hanging out
C.not to gather; to hang out D.not gathering; to hang out
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空(共15小题)
1.I don’t want to ________ (argument) with you as it can’t solve the problem between us.
2.His father is busy ________ and has little time to rest. (work)
3.Before going ________ (camp), we need to prepare sleeping bags and flashlights (手电筒).
4.My brother is good at ________ (cook) beef and potatoes.
5.We can help wild animals by ______ (donate) money to animal protection organizations.
6.Many famous physicists started ________ (do) experiments when they were young.
7.She offered ________ (help) clean up the classroom after the meeting.
8.The man stopped ________ (smoke) when he saw the “No Smoking” sign.
9.Don’t expect ________ (change) your lifestyle in a day.
10.This volunteer group aims ________ (provide) free education for children from low-income families.
11.Since the 73-year-old man decided ________ (travel) around the world, he has never given up his dream.
12.Remember ________ (visit) the Great Wall when you’re in Beijing.
13.To sleep well at night, I choose________(not drink)too much coffee today.
14.The girl shows a great interest in music, but her family can’t afford ________ (buy) her a piano.
15.I learned ________ (plant) trees when I visited my uncle.

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