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专题二　语法填空
1.考情概览
语法填空以语篇为载体,考查考生在阅读理解的基础上运用词汇和语法的能力,要求考生根据自己的语言知识及篇章语义间的逻辑关系填入恰当的单词,使填充后的短文结构完整、语义连贯、词法和句法形式正确。
该题型是在一篇200词左右的短文中留出10个空白,考查考生在理解文章大意的基础上,对语境中的词语、句子、篇章逻辑的正确使用能力,涵盖了词汇、语法规则、构词知识、逻辑理解等层面,包括结合上下文直接填写1个单词和用所给单词的正确形式填写这两种形式。
2.命题规律
分析近十年高考语法填空的考点分布可以看出,该题型考点设置有如下特点:
（1）有提示词类:设置7个小题
高频考点 谓语动词 1~2题。考查时态、语态及主谓一致,其中涉及语态方面的不超过1题。
非谓语动词 1~3题。考查动词不定式、动词-ing形式与动词-ed形式,每种最多设1题。
派生词 1~3题。主要考查动词派生为名词、名词派生为形容词或动词、形容词派生为副词等。每种最多设1题。
名词 0~1题。主要考查可数名词的复数,也可能会考查名词的所有格。
形容词和副词 1~2题。主要考查形容词和副词词性的转换,以及其比较级或最高级形式。
低频考点 代词:0~1题。一般给出人称代词的主格,要求考生填其宾格、名词性或形容词性物主代词、反身代词等。 　（2）无提示词类:设置3个小题
高频考点 介词 0~1题。重点考查常见介词的基本用法或固定搭配中的介词。
冠词 0~1题。重点考查冠词的特指、泛指用法或固定搭配中的冠词。
从属关联词 0~2题。主要考查定语从句的引导词。此外,名词性从句、状语从句中的连接词也偶有涉及。
低频考点 并列连词 0~1题。并列句的关联词也偶有涉及。
其他 0~1题。包括助动词(如强调谓语动词的do,does,did;构成部分倒装的do,does,did;构成一般疑问句的do,does,did),构成强调结构的it或that,连接性副词(before,ago,however,anyway...)等。
3.备考策略
（1）熟练掌握词汇
从近年高考语法填空题的命题趋势来看,“基础、常见、实用”是其核心原则。考生在学习词汇时,需要熟练掌握单词的词性变化,并能够在不同的语境中正确使用各种词性。此外,考生应注重训练形容词与名词、动词与副词、动词与名词之间的习惯搭配,并逐步积累词块。同时,对构词法的学习和训练也不可忽视,这不仅有助于增加词汇储备,也是提高解题能力的关键。
（2）夯实语法基础
针对课程标准列出的语法项目,考生在复习时应该在逐个梳理的基础上,特别关注以下重点语法项目:非谓语动词、时态和语态、主谓一致、介词、冠词、形容词和副词、以及复合句。特别是谓语动词、非谓语动词和定语从句,这些部分的考查难度有所增加。在2023年的全国甲卷中,分别考查了由“as”和“where”引导的非限制性定语从句;2023年的全国乙卷考查了动词-ing形式的完成时态;2023年的新课标Ⅰ卷考查了四个非谓语动词,包括一个不定式的被动形式。而在2024年的新课标Ⅱ卷中,考查了一个主谓一致、一个时态和语态以及三个非谓语动词形式。
（3）剖析句子结构
在日常学习中,考生要练就分析、剖析句子结构的能力,这不仅有助于加深对语法规则的理解,而且能够在语法填空中快速识别关键信息,准确填入合适的词汇。尤其要注意含有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的复合句,掌握这些结构能够显著提高解题效率。通过不断练习,考生能够培养出对复杂句子结构的敏感度,从而在考试中更加从容应对。
Passage 1
(2024·全国甲,15分,难度★★★)
Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level,the national parks,in particular,tend 61.(catch) our attention because of their large size and variety.They are 62.　　　　　　(treasure) of American heritage(遗产).How did the national park system come about On a cool,starry night in mid-September 1870,four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 63.　　　　　　 is now northwestern Wyoming.They 64.　　　　　　(be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there.
What should 65.　　　　　　(do) with such a beautiful place They wondered out loud.This area,with 66.　　　　　　(it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty,must be well preserved 67.　　　　　　 all people of the nation to enjoy—as a national park.They all agreed and vowed(承诺) to promote the idea at the
68.　　　　　　(complete) of their journey.Their promotional work paid off.Two years later,18 years before Wyoming became a state,Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world.Yellowstone was the 69.　　　　　　(large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska,70. became a national monument in 1978,took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国国家公园的起源、重要性及其发展历史。
61.答案 to catch　
解析 考查非谓语动词。tend to do sth意为“倾向于做某事”,所以填to catch,表示一种倾向性的动作。
62.答案 treasures　
解析 考查名词复数。treasure意为“珍宝;财富”,根据前面的 “are”可知,该词要用复数形式,故填treasures。
63.答案 what　
解析 考查名词性从句。所填的词引导一个宾语从句,并在从句中作主语,故填what。
64.答案 were　
解析 考查时态。根据“had spent”可知,此处需要使用过去时态,主语是They,故填were。
65.答案 be done　
解析 考查被动语态。What和do是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用被动语态。由于前面有should,故填be done。
66.答案 its　
解析 考查代词。所填的词指代前面提到的“This area”,表示“该地区的独特自然美景”,所以用形容词性物主代词。
67.答案 for　
解析 考查介词。根据下文的“all people of the nation to enjoy”可知,此处为“for sb to do”结构。for在这里是介词,表示目的。
68.答案 completion　
解析 考查名词。根据前面的“at the”可知,所填的词要用名词形式,故填completion,意为“完成;结束”。
69.答案 largest　
解析 考查比较等级。根据前面的冠词the可知,该词要用最高级形式,故填largest。
70.答案 which　
解析 考查定语从句。所填的词引导一个非限制性定语从句,指代前面提到的 “Wrangell-Saint Elias”并在从句中作主语,故填which。
Passage 2
(2024·全国新高考1,15分,难度★★★)
Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure,named Glasshouse,is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.
The latest 56. (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 57. (function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals(萼片)” made of glass and aluminium(铝).These sepals open on warm days 58. (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather,the structure stays 59. (close) to protect the plants.
Further,the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60. (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road,by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 61. first time.These plants included modern Western 62. (favourite) such as rosemary,lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see,too.
The Glasshouse stands 63. a great achievement in contemporary design,to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing(追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 64. brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 65. (rich) of gardening in England.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了赫斯维克工作室最近的一个温室项目,这个名为玻璃屋的建筑展示了丝绸之路对于英国花园的影响。
56.答案 engineering　
解析 考查名词。engineer做动词时意为“设计制造”,再根据后面的techniques可知,此处用名词形式engineering做定语修饰techniques,表示“工程技术”。
57.答案 functional　
解析 考查形容词。空后的structure为名词,故此处应用function的形容词形式functional(实用的)做定语。
58.答案 to give　
解析 考查非谓语动词。本句中已经出现了谓语动词open,因此应用give的非谓语动词形式。再由句意“这些萼片在温暖的日子打开是为了给里面的植物阳光和新鲜的空气。”可知,所填的词做目的状语,所以用动词不定式。
59.答案 closed　
解析 考查形容词。本题易错,部分学生不知道closed可以用作形容词“关闭的”。由空前的stays可做系动词可知,此处用closed与上句中的open相呼应,表示“在冷天时,这个建筑保持关闭,为的是保护里面的植物”。
60.答案 walks　
解析 考查谓语动词。本句的主语是the Silk Route Garden,宾语是visitors,故此处用谓语动词,句子的主语为第三人称单数,故此处用walks。本句中的walk不是不及物动词“走路,散步”的含义,而是及物动词,意为“陪伴……走”。
如今的英语高考试卷中,对熟词生义的考查越来越多,希望同学们在学习的过程中,多积累词汇的含义。
61.答案 the　
解析 考查冠词。根据后面的first time可知,此处应填the。
62.答案 favourites/favorites　
解析 考查名词复数。此题的难度在于,大家只熟悉favourite做形容词时的意思“最喜爱的”,却忽视了favourite做名词时的意思“最喜爱的人或物”。根据后面的“such as rosemary,lavender and fennel”可知,此处应用名词的复数形式。
63.答案 as　
解析 考查介词。Glasshouse作为当代设计的一项伟大成就而矗立着,容纳了……。as意为“作为”。此题易误用for或out,这两个词放上句意不通顺。
64.答案 that/which　
解析 考查定语从句引导词。本句的先行词为the Silk Route,此处引导词that/which在从句中做主语,表示丝绸之路把这些植物从它们在亚洲的生长地带过来。
65.答案 richness　
解析 考查名词。由前面的the可知,此处用rich的名词形式richness。
Passage 3
(15分,难度★★★★)
Chinese cultural elements commemorating(纪念) Tang Xianzu,56.　　　　　　 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia”,add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon,William Shakespeare’s hometown.
Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616.Although they could never have met,there are common
57.　　　　　　(theme) in their works,said Paul Edmondson,head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust.“Some of the things that Tang was writing about 58.　　　　　　(be) also Shakespeare’s concerns.I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion(《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 59.　　　　　　 Romeo and Juliet.”
A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017.Two years later,a six-meter-tall pavilion,60.　　　　　　(inspire) by The Peony Pavilion,
61.　　　　　　(build) at the Firs Garden,just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international
62.　　　　　　(visible),said Edmondson,adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 63.　　　　　　(find) the connection between the two great writers.
64.　　　　　　(recall) watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard Ⅲ in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion,Edmondson said,“It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 65. see how Tang’s play was eing performed.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍纪念“东方莎士比亚”汤显祖的文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福增添了国际化特色,并展示了两位文学巨匠作品间的相似主题。
56.答案 who　
解析 考查定语从句。先行词为“Tang Xianzu”,指人,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填who。
四步搞定关系词
第一步:分析句子结构,判断所填的词是引导限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句;
第二步:找出先行词,判断先行词是指人的名词还是指物的名词;
第三步:分析句子成分,判断关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语,还是状语;
第四步:根据关系词所作的成分判断所填的关系词。作主语、宾语或表语,指人用who、that、whom,指物用that或which;作定语用whose;作状语用where、when和why。
57.答案 themes　
解析 考查名词的数。本句为“there be”句型,根据“are”可判断,主语为复数形式,故填themes。
前看修饰语,后看谓语动词
当所填的词是可数名词时,如果前面的修饰语是many、a few或具体的数字时,该名词要用复数形式。如果谓语动词是动词原形、have、are或were时,该名词也要用复数形式。
58.答案 were　
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处为本句的谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“Some of the things”,是复数,故填were。
59.答案 to　
解析 考查固定短语。be similar to意为“和……相似”,是固定搭配。
60.答案 inspired　
解析 考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词作后置定语,“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和“inspire”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式,故填inspired。
61.答案 was built　
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。此处为本句的谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“build”之间为被动关系,故填was built。
62.答案 visibility　
解析 考查名词。形容词international后接名词,visibility意为“知名度”,是不可数名词。
63.答案 to find　
解析 考查非谓语动词。amazed作表语,后接动词不定式作原因状语,故填to find。
64.答案 Recalling　
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动
词-ing形式;句首首字母大写,故填Recalling。
65.答案 and　
解析 考查并列连词。空前的“hear the Chinese language”和空后的“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构,所以用and连接。
Passage 4
(15分,难度★★★)
For thousands of years,people have told fables(寓言) 61.　 (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures,and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the 62.　　　　　(six) century,B.C.Yet,the form of the fable still has values today,63.　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple,direct style common to fable.In fact,her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America,64.　　　　　 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful coexistence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, 65.　　　　　(borrow) some familiar words from many age-old
fables.Behind thesimple style,however,is a serious message 66.　　　　　(intend) for everyone.
67.　　　　　(difference) from traditional fables,Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society,and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68.　　　　　 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However,Cason’s theme is a more weighty 69.　　　　　(warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 70.　　　　　(employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了寓言故事的功能及Carson所创作的寓言故事的特点等。
61.答案 to teach　
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的have told为谓语动词,空前没有连词,故teach需用不定式形式作目的状语,句意为“人们讲述寓言故事是为了告诉我们经验教训或者传递智慧”。故填to teach。
62.答案 sixth　
解析 考查数词。结合句意可知,此处的the sixth century表示“第六个世纪”。故填sixth。
63.答案 as　
解析 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句为非限制性定语从句,表示“正如Rachel Carson所说的那样”。as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如、正像”。故填as。
64.答案 where　
解析 考查定语从句。本句中a town为先行词,“all life seemed to enjoy peaceful...”为定语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where引导。故填where。
65.答案 borrowing　
解析 考查非谓语动词。本句中begins为谓语动词,故此处borrow需用非谓语动词形式,由于borrow与逻辑主语her fable构成主动关系,故用现在分词borrowing。故填borrowing。
66.答案 intended　
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中的谓语是系动词is,故此处需用非谓语动词形式,be intended for “专为……设计”,此处intended作后置定语。故填intended。
67.答案 Different　
解析 考查形容词。(be)different from意为“与……不同”,为固定搭配。此处的different from traditional fables为形容词短语作状语,位于句首首字母要大写。故填Different。
68.答案 for　
解析 考查介词。take responsibility for为固定搭配,表示“为……负责任”。故填for。
69.答案 warning　
解析 考查词性转换。根据前面的不定冠词a可知,此处需要用名词形式warning,表示“警告、警示”。故填warning。
70.答案 be employed　
解析 考查被动语态。结合前面的情态动词can可知,此处需要用动词原形,前面的主语a simple literary form与employ之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。故填be employed。
Passage 5
(15分,难度★★★)
Beijing is a city bridging the ancient and the modern.From Buddhist temples to museums,narrow hutongs 61.　　　　　　 royal palaces,it is home to more than 3,000 years of glorious history even down to its layout,with the city keeping its carefully 62. (build) system of ring roads.
But for all its ancient buildings,Beijing is also a place 63. welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life,with 21st-century architectural 64. (wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
It is a distinct visual contrast(反差)that shouldn’t work,65.　　 some-　　 how these two very different worlds make a good combination. 66.　　　　(visit) several times over the last 10 years,I 67.　　　(am-　aze) by the co-existence of old and new,and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage(遗产) while constantly growing.As a photographer,I have spent the last two years 68.　　　　　　(record)everything I discovered.
The 69.　　　　　　(remark)development of this city,which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world,70. (mean)there is always something new to discover here,and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章的作者从一位摄影师的视角介绍了北京这座古典和现代完美融合的城市。
61.答案 to　
解析 考查介词。根据上文的“From Buddhist temples to museums”可知,此处是“(from) narrow hutongs royal palaces”,所以填to。
62.答案 built　
解析 考查非谓语动词。build和“system of ring roads”有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词过去分词作定语。
63.答案 that/which　
解析 考查定语从句。先行词是a place,关系词在限制性定语从句中作主语,所以填that/which。
64.答案 wonders　
解析 考查名词复数。wonder意为“奇迹”,是可数名词。该词前没有单数修饰语,所以用复数形式。
65.答案 but/yet　
解析 考查连词。根据语境可知,前后两句是转折关系,所以填but/yet。
66.答案 Having visited　
解析 考查非谓语动词。visit和句子的主语I有逻辑上的主谓关系,且所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前,所以用动词-ing形式的完成时。
67.答案 was amazed　
解析 考查动词的时态和语态。amaze和I是动宾关系,且讲述的是过去发生的动作,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
68.答案 recording　
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据前面的spent可知,此处为spend time (in) doing sth结构,所以填recording。
69.答案 remarkable　
解析 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词development,所以用形容词形式。
70.答案 means　
解析 考查主谓一致。“development of this city”是句子的主语,讲述的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时,故填means。
Passage 6
(15分,难度★★★★)
Xiao long bao (soup dumplings),those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers,encasing hot,56.　　　　　(taste) soup and sweet,fresh meat,are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot.To eat one,you have to decide whether 57.　　　　　(bite) a small hole in it first,releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出),58.　　　　　 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth,letting the hot soup explode on your tongue.Shanghai may be the 59.　　　　　(recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace.
There you will find them prepared differently—more dumpling and less soup,and the wrappers are pressed 60.　　　　　 hand rather than rolled.Nanxiang aside,the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin,allowing them 61.　　　　　(lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 62.　　　　　(they) contents.The meat should be fresh with 63.　　　　　 touch of sweetness and the soup hot,clear and delicious.
No matter where I buy them,one steamer is 64.　　　　　(rare) enough,yet two seems greedy,so I am always left 65.　　　　(want) more next time.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了小笼包的历史起源以及其制作方法。
56.答案 tasty　
解析 考查形容词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰名词soup作定语,所以用其形容词形式,故填tasty。
57.答案 to bite　
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为whether to do形式作decide的宾语,故填to bite。
58.答案 or　
解析 考查连词。根据句子结构及上下文语境可知,此处为whether to...or to...的结构,to bite a small hole和to put the whole dumpling为选择关系,故填or。
59.答案 recognized　
解析 考查非谓语动词。recognize和home存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式作定语。
60.答案 by　
解析 考查介词。根据句意可知,此处表示“用手按压”,by hand为固定搭配,故填by。
61.答案 to be lifted　
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处是allow sb/sth to do结构。lift和them存在逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词不定式的被动形式,故填to be lifted。
62.答案 their　
解析 考查代词。所填的词修饰名词contents,所以用形容词性物主代词,故填their。
63.答案 a　
解析 考查冠词。a touch of是固定搭配,意为“一点,稍许”。a touch of sweetness意为“一点甜味”。
64.答案 rarely　
解析 考查副词。所填的词修饰形容词enough,所以用其副词形式,故填rarely。
65.答案 wanting　
解析 考查非谓语动词。此处为leave sb doing sth的被动结构。I和want是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式,故填wanting。
Passage 7
(15分,难度★★)
Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo,I almost always get a questioning look.Behind it,the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach ...the animals
Since June 2017,right before the 56.　　　　　(arrive) of the two new pandas,Meng Meng and Jiao Qing,I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 57.　　　(confidence) speaking English.And who do they speak English 58.　　　　　
Not the pandas,even though 59.　　　　　 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English.They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 60.　　　　　(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas,which are on loan from China.They also need to be ready to give 61.　　　　(interview) in English with international journalists.This is 62.　　　　　 they need an English trainer.
So,what are they learning 63.　　　　　(basic),how to describe a panda‘s life.It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 64.　　　　　 to see the pandas settle into their new home.As a little girl,I 65.　　　　　(wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up.Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者的工作是帮助熊猫饲养员在用英语与国际游客和记者交流时感到舒适和自信。
56.答案 arrival　
解析 考查名词。根据空前的the和空后的the two new pandas可知,此处应用arrive的名词形式arrival。
57.答案 confident　
解析 考查名词与形容词的词性转化。根据and前的comfortable可知,and后的词性应与前面的comfortable保持一致,故用confidence的形容词。
58.答案 with　
解析 考查介词。根据空前的who和speak English可知,此处考查短语speak English with sb.。
59.答案 the　
解析 考查冠词。此处特指前面所提到的英语这门语言,故表示特指,应用定冠词the。
60.答案 visiting　
解析 考查非谓语动词。空后的Chinese zookeepers与visit之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,故用动词-ing形式作定语。
61.答案 interviews　
解析 考查名词。根据空前的动词give可知,此处应用interview的名词形式,再根据interview是可数名词可知,此处应用其复数形式interviews。
62.答案 why　
解析 考查名词性从句引导词。上文所叙述的是熊猫饲养员需要英语培训师的原因,故此处用why。
63.答案 Basically　
解析 考查副词。根据空后的逗号可知,此处应用副词作状语。
64.答案 and　
解析 考查连词。此处用and连接前后两个动词不定式短语 to watch...和to see...。
65.答案 wished　
解析 考查时态。由本句的时间状语when I grew up用了一般过去时可知,此处应用wish的过去式wished。
Passage 8
(15分,难度★★★)
A
Every culture is riddled with unwritten rules, such as ones on punctuality (守时). I’m British. Soon after moving to Switzerland, I
11.　　　(throw) a house-warming party and was greatly surprised when all 30 guests showed up 12.　　　(exact) on time. Years later, having moved to France, I turned up at the appointed hour for a dinner, only to find that no other guest 13.　　　(arrive) and my hostess was still in her sleeping suit.
B
Mangroves, known as “red forest” in China, grow between land and sea,characterised by their complex roots. When 14.　　　(see) from afar, the mangrove forests appear more splendid.
Mangroves can help soften waves and protect15.　　　(city) from coastal winds. For these reasons, they are praised as “coastal guardians”. Up to now, China 16.　　　(establish) a number of protected areas with mangroves.
C
Nina has run marathons in 32 countries. All of her runs have a guiding purpose: to call attention17.　　　global water issues. Nina recently finished her year-long series of runs in Chicago,
18.　　　 thousands were attending a water conference. She called for action 19.　　　(address) the struggles of people around the world 20.　　　(face) “too little water or too dirty water”. Her efforts have encouraged others to take part by running through a global campaign called “Run Blue”.
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在瑞士和法国体验到的不同的守时习俗。
11.答案 would throw　
解析 考查时态。句意:搬到瑞士后不久,我要举办一个乔迁派对……。表示从过去某一时间来看将要发生的动作应用过去将来时,故填would throw。
12.答案 exactly　
解析 考查副词。句意:当所有30位客人都准时出现时,我感到非常惊讶。修饰介词短语on time要用副词形式,故填exactly。
13.答案 had arrived　
解析 考查时态。句意:多年以后,搬到法国后,我在约定的时间赴宴,却发现没有其他客人到场,女主人还穿着睡衣。从句中的arrive表示发生在turned up之前的动作,所以用过去完成时,故填had arrived.
根据动作先后,判断动词时态
一般情况下,我们可以根据句子中的时间状语来判断谓语动词的时态,但是,在有些复合句中,时间关系是由谓语动词发生的先后关系来体现的,这时我们可以利用谓语动词来判断动词的时态。如该题,turned up用的是过去时,后面that从句中的arrive是表示发生在turned up之前的动作,即“过去的过去”,所以用过去完成时。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。红树林生长在陆地和海洋之间,有助于减缓海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。到目前为止,中国已建立了一批红树林保护区。
14.答案 seen　
解析 考查状语从句。句意:从远处看,红树林显得更加壮观。逗号前面是when引导的状语从句的省略。在从句中,主语the mangrove forests和动词see之间是被动关系,从句应用一般现在时的被动语态,完整形式:when (they are) seen from afar...。
15.答案 cities　
解析 考查名词复数。句意:红树林有助于减缓海浪,保护城市免受沿海风的侵袭。此处应用名词city作宾语,为可数名词,应用复数形式表泛指,故填cities。
16.答案 has established　
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:到目前为止,中国已经建立了一些红树林保护区。根据时间状语Up to now“到目前为止”可知,句子应用现在完成时。主语为China,故填has established。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。尼娜在32个国家跑过马拉松。她所有的跑步活动都只有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。她的努力已经鼓励其他人参与到一场名为“蓝色奔跑”的全球运动中来。
17.答案 to　
解析 考查介词。句意:她所有的跑步活动都只有一个目的:呼吁人们关注全球水资源问题。call attention to意为“唤起对……的注意”。
18.答案 where　
解析 考查定语从句。句意:最近,尼娜在芝加哥结束了长达一年的系列跑步活动,数千人在那里参加了一个水资源会议。先行词是Chicago,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
19.答案 to address　
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:她呼吁采取行动,解决世界各地面临的“水太少或水太脏” 的难题。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作目的状语,所以用动词不定式。
20.答案 facing　
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,face与people是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作定语。
Passage 9
(15分,难度★★)
A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an,as a first step 61. (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot.
On the 1,100-kilometer journey,the man Cao Shengkang,
62.　 lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident,crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63. (hold) in Beijing,Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road. 64. friend of his,Wu Fan,volunteered to be his companion during the trip.
Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road,in order to promote environmental 65. (protect).Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 66.　 (meaning).The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey.
In the last five years,Cao 67. 　 (walk) through 34 countries in six continents,and in 2016,he reached the top of Kilimanjaro,Africa’s 68.　 (high) mountain.
Now,Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 69.　 Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20, 70.　 (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是失明男子曹晟康徒步旅行并沿途做环保的经历。
61.答案 to journey
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作定语修饰名词step,所以用动词不定式,故填to journey。
62.答案who
解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为非限制性定语从句。先行词是Cao Shengkang,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,所以填who。
63.答案held
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。hold和the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式作定语。
64.答案A
解析考查冠词。根据空格后的“friend of his”可知,此处指“他的一个朋友”,所以用不定冠词,friend以辅音音素开头且空格位于句首,首字母大写,故填A。
65.答案protection
解析考查名词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词作宾语,所以用名词形式,故填protection。
66.答案meaningful
解析考查形容词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“make+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,此处用形容词作宾语补足语,故填meaningful。
67.答案has walked
解析考查时态。根据时间状语“In the last five years”可知,句子要用现在完成时,故填has walked。
68.答案highest
解析考查形容词最高级。根据“Africa’s”可知,此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山,所以填highest。
69.答案from
解析考查介词。表示“从……到……”要用from...to...。
70.答案planning
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,所填的词要用非谓语动词形式。plan与主语He为逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
Passage 10
(15分,难度★★★)
May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day,which was named officially 61.　 the United Nations on November 27th,2019.To celebrate 62.　 festival,a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.
The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society
63.　 (address)the opening ceremony.“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day,the birthplace of tea and the 64. (large) tea-producing country,China has a 65. (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.It can help to build a community with a 66. (share) future for mankind,” he said.
The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued(发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation
67.　 cultural exchanges.A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.
　68.　 (strengthen) the connection with young people,the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,　69. (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.
The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕) at the ceremony,opening 70. (it) first exhibition:The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国确定的首届“国际茶日”的相关内容及北京华商博物馆为此所举办的一系列活动。
61.答案by
解析考查介词。此处be named by表示“由……命名”。根据前面的被动语态was named可知,此处填介词by表被动。
62.答案the
解析考查冠词。此处的festival特指上文提到的首届“国际茶日”,故用定冠词the。
63.答案addressed
解析考查谓语动词。根据上文提到的May 21st可知,首届“国际茶日”已经举办,故需要用一般过去时。故填addressed。
64.答案largest
解析考查形容词最高级。结合句意可知,此处表示“作为茶的发源地和最大的茶叶生产国”,同时空前的定冠词the亦能表明需要用最高级,故填largest。
65.答案responsibility
解析考查名词。根据空前的冠词a可知,空格处需要用名词形式。have a responsibility to do sth表示“有责任做某事”。
66.答案shared
解析考查非谓语动词。此处需要用过去分词作定语,修饰future,表示“人类命运共同体”。
67.答案and
解析考查连词。空前的international cooperation与空后的cultural exchanges为相同的名词短语成分,故需要用连词连接,由于前后表示并列关系,故用and。此处表示“促进国际合作和文化交流”。
68.答案To strengthen
解析考查非谓语动词。结合句意可知,此处需用不定式表目的,故填To strengthen。
69.答案inviting
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,本句中the event为主语,included为谓语动词,故invite需用非谓语动词形式,由于其与逻辑主语构成主动关系,故用现在分词inviting。
70.答案its
解析考查代词。空后是名词短语first exhibition,故需要用形容词性物主代词修饰。
Passage 11
(15分,难度★★★)
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park (GPNP). 56. (cover) an area about three times 57. size of Yellowstone National Park,the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58.　 (be) previously unprotected,bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59.　 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period,the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP 60. (design) to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性) of natural ecosystems,preserving biological diversity,protecting ecological buffer zones, 61. leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations”.The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62.　 (population) and homes of giant pandas,and 63. 　 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64. an umbrella species(物种),bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65.　 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。中国将在明年建立大熊猫国家公园,文章主要介绍了该公园的规模、建造目的和意义以及指导原则。
56.答案Covering
解析考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词will be,所以此处用非谓语动词形式;句子主语与cover之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式做状语。故用Covering。
57.答案the
解析考查冠词。此处为倍数表达形式之一,当倍数后面出现名词时,名词前面用定冠词修饰。故用the。
58.答案were
解析考查动词的时态。根据后面的副词previously可知,此处用一般过去时;that指代前面的a significant number of areas,所以谓语动词用复数形式。故用were。
59.答案to increase
解析考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式做目的状语。故用to increase。
60.答案is designed
解析考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文内容可知,此处客观介绍设计这个国家公园的指导原则是什么,所以用一般现在时;主语与design之间是被动关系,用被动语态。故用is designed。
61.答案and
解析考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,上下文之间为并列关系。故用and。
62.答案populations
解析考查名词复数。根据前面的separate可知,此处用名词复数形式。故用populations。
63.答案eventually
解析考查副词。修饰后面的动词achieve,应该用副词形式。故用eventually。
64.答案as
解析考查介词。serve as是动词短语,意为“担任”。故用as。
65.答案that
解析考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,修饰species;从句中缺少主语,且先行词前面有all修饰。故用that。
Passage 12
(2022·全国新高考2,15分,难度★★)
Henry Tyler made the catch of the year on the weekend.When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony(阳台),Henry ran one hundred metres,jumped over a 1.2-metre fence,and held out his arms to catch the 56.　　　　(fall) child.
Eric Brown,only three years old,knocked Henry down when he fell.The boy is in the hospital and doctors say he’ll be OK.
57.　　　　 Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto.On the day of the accident,Mrs.Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father.They both fell 58.　　　　(sleep) while watching TV.
Eric woke up a little later when he heard children playing outside.He pushed a chair onto the balcony,and climbed up 59.　　 (see) them.When he looked down,he 60. (accidental) slipped and fell over the edge.He hung on for a few minutes 61.　　　　 screamed for his father,but his father didn’t hear him.
Henry 62.　　　　(fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony.He quickly 63.　　　　(throw) his tools aside,and started running,arms out.
“He saved my 64.　　　　(son) life,” said Mrs.Brown.“I don’t know 65.　　　　 to thank him.”
“I just didn’t want the boy to be hurt,” said Henry.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。三岁的小男孩Eric Brown从自家阳台掉了下来,正在附近修车的Henry听到呼救声,拼命奔跑,伸出胳膊,接住了Eric。
56.答案 falling　
解析 考查非谓语动词。句中已经出现了谓语动词,所以此处用非谓语形式;中心词child与fall之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式作定语。故用falling。
57.答案 The　
解析 考查冠词。此处表示特指布朗一家人,故用the,位于句首,首字母大写。故用The。
58.答案 asleep　
解析 考查形容词。fall asleep意为“睡着了”,其中fall为系动词,asleep为形容词。故用asleep。
59.答案 to see　
解析 考查非谓语动词。根据句意并分析句子结构可知,此处用动词不定式作目的状语。故用to see。
句子中已经出现了谓语动词pushed和climbed up,此处只能用非谓语形式;结合句意可知,此处强调的是动作发生的目的,所以用不定式。
60.答案 accidentally　
解析 考查副词。修饰后面的动词slipped,应该用副词形式。故用accidentally。
61.答案 and　
解析 考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,句中hung与screamed是两个顺承的动作,上下文之间为并列关系。故用and。
62.答案 was fixing　
解析 考查动词时态和主谓一致。这是一个“sb.be doing sth.when...”句型,表示“某人正在做某事,这时(突然……)”。讲述过去的动作用过去进行时,主语Henry是第三人称单数,所以系动词用was。故用was fixing。
when用做并列连词常出现的句型:
Sb.had just done sth.when...
Sb.was/were doing sth.when...
Sb.was about to do sth.when...
Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when...
63.答案 threw　
解析 考查动词时态。根据下文的“and started running”可知,此处用一般过去时。故用threw。
64.答案 son’s　
解析 考查名词所有格。设空处修饰后面的life,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应使用名词所有格。故用son’s。
65.答案 how　
解析 考查连接词。根据句子结构可知,设空处为“特殊疑问词+to do结构”作宾语,表示“我不知道如何感谢他”,所以用how。
Passage 13
(2022·北京,15分,难度★★★)
A
Helen was walking down the street late 11.　　　　 the evening,her arms filled with grocery bags.Focused on balancing the bags,she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket.As Helen walked on,she heard a man charging towards her.Fearful that he might have an intention 12.　　　　(harm) her,Helen started to run.Eventually,the man 13.　　　　(catch) up with her,and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
　　Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory,increasingly 14.　　　　(support) by experts,suggests that smell preferences are learned.It’s easy to explain how we determine 15.　　　　 smells are dangerous or not: we learn.This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks.Gas naturally 16.　　　　(have) no recognisable smell.However,a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
　　Since people can’t always eat out or cook for
17. 　(they),they get takeout or order delivery.More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste,especially plastic waste.That includes cups,bottles,and bags,most of 18.　　　　 are only good for one use.That’s a big problem and it is getting even 19.　　(bad).The use of those plastics 20.　　　　(increase) by 300% since 2019.The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
11.答案 in　
解析 考查介词。句意:深夜,海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”,固定搭配。
12.答案 to harm　
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:海伦担心他可能有意伤害她,便开始快跑。分析句子结构可知,空处应填非谓语动词的形式,have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”,动词不定式作后置定语。
13.答案 caught　
解析 考查动词时态。句意:最终,那个男人追上了她,他只是想把她的钱包还给她!空处是谓语动词,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时。
B
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其他的味道的一个原因,是人们对气味的偏好是习得的,这个理论也受到越来越多的专家的支持。
14.答案 supported　
解析 考查非谓语动词。句意:被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。One theory和support有逻辑上的动宾关系,所以填动词-ed形式作定语。
15.答案 whether　
解析 考查宾语从句。句意:解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的:我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知,空格前的determine为及物动词,所填的词引导宾语从句,结合句子中的or not可知,此处为whether...or not的搭配。
16.答案 has　
解析 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:气体本来没有可识别的味道。所填的词作谓语,此处是在陈述客观事实,应用一般现在时态,主语为Gas,是第三人称单数,故填has。
C
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。人们在购买可打包带走的食物或点外卖的同时,也增加了塑料产品的使用,造成了环境污染。
17.答案 themselves　
解析 考查反身代词。句意:因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者他们自己做饭,所以他们购买可打包带走的食物或叫外卖。所填的词作介词for的宾语,反指句子的主语,所以用反身代词,故填themselves。
18.答案 which　
解析 考查定语从句。句意:那包括杯子、瓶子和袋子,其中大多数(东西)只能使用一次。此处为非限制性定语从句,先行词是“cups,bottles,and bags”在从句中作介词of的宾语,所以填which。
19.答案 worse　
解析 考查形容词比较级。句意:这是个大问题,而且越来越严重。even意为“甚至”,常用来修饰比较级,所以填worse。
20.答案 has increased　
解析 考查动词时态。句意:自2019年以来,那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中“since 2019”可知,此处用现在完成时,主语“The use of those plastics”为单数含义,故填has increased。考查介词。serve as是动词短语,意为“担任”。故用as。
Passage 14
(2022·浙江,15分,难度★★)
To understand a painting,we’re taught to look for color,composition,and light.But how can a painting 56. (appreciate) by someone who‘s blind Through touch,the one thing gallery signs tell you not 57.　　　　(do).John Olson,a former 58. (photograph) and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.
　　The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to 59.　　　　 blind because we don’t see with just our eyes: We see with our brains.Research in the field of neuroplasticity—the brain s adaptability—shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch.Blind people recognize shapes with their 60.　　　　(exist) senses,in a way similar to that of 61.　　　　 (sight)people,says Ella Striem-Amit,a Harvard scientist.
Luc Gandarias,who’s now thirteen,went blind suddenly 62.　　 age seven.When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he 63.　　　　(notice)her smile right away.“I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
　　For Luc,this means 64.　　　　(independent).“The feeling of being able to see it 65.　　　　 to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式。
56.答案 be appreciated　
解析 考查动词语态。主语a painting与谓语appreciate为被动关系,且置于情态动词can 之后,故填be appreciated。
57.答案 to do　
解析 考查非谓语动词。tell sb. not to do sth.意为“告诉某人不要做某事”,故填to do。
58.答案 photographer　
解析 考查名词。根据前面的a可知,此处是单数可数名词,表示“摄影师”,故填photographer。
59.答案 the　
解析 考查冠词。句意:触觉画是向盲人展示艺术的一种方式,因为我们不仅仅用眼睛看:我们用大脑看。the blind意为“盲人”,“the+形容词”表示一类人。
60.答案 existing　
解析 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词senses作定语,所以用形容词形式,故填existing,意为“现有的”。
61.答案 sighted　
解析 考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词people作定语,所以用形容词形式,故填sighted,表示“能看见的;不盲的”。
62.答案 at　
解析 考查介词。表示在多大年龄时,用介词at。
63.答案 noticed　
解析 考查动词时态。根据“he felt”可知,本句为一般过去时,故填noticed。
64.答案 independence　
解析 考查名词。 所填的词作means的宾语,所以填independence,该词是不可数名词。
65.答案 and　
解析 考查连词。句意:能够看到它并形成我的观点的感觉就像盲人推倒了另一堵墙。根据句意可知,前后为并列关系,所以用and来连接。
Passage 15
(15分,难度★★)
The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history.It 61.　　　　 (build) originally to protect the city 62.　　　　　 the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored(修复).It is possible 63.　　　　 (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
We accessed the wall through the South Gate.The wall is 12 meters high and from here you can see streams of people moving inside and outside the City Wall.
After 64.　　　　 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall,we decided it was time for some action and what 65.　　　　 (good) than to ride on a piece of history!
We 66.　　　　 (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate.My bike was old and shaky 67.　　　　 did the job.It took us about 3 hours to go all 68.　　　　 way around the Xi’an City Wall.Supposedly you can do it in two hours,but we stopped at the different gates and 69.　　　　 (watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 70.　　　　 (day) routines.
【语篇导读】本文为记叙文。作者以第一人称描述了在西安古城墙参观游览的过程。
61.答案was built
解析考查动词时态语态。根据“originally”一词可知此处描述过去的事情;主语“It”和build之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。
62.答案in
解析考查介词。表示“在某个朝代”用介词in。
63.答案to walk
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句首的“It”是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式。
64. 答案spending
解析考查非谓语动词。前面的“After”是介词,介词后面用动词-ing形式做宾语。
65.答案better
解析考查形容词。根据后面的“than”可知,此处用形容词的比较级形式。
66.答案hired
解析考查动词时态。根据上下文内容可知,此处描述的是发生在过去的经历,所以用一般过去时。
67.答案but
解析考查连词。根据句意可知,作者租的自行车虽然破旧但是仍然发挥作用。
观句式,析关系,定并列连词
并列连词的考查是高考语法填空的热点,常考的并列连词有:so,but,and,when,while,for等。解题时可根据上下文的逻辑关系来判断所填的并列连词。如:上下文是转折关系填but,前因后果填so,前果后因填for,前后对比填while,并列关系填and等。也可根据固定的句式来判断所填的并列连词。如:“祈使句+and(or)+简单句”等。
68. 答案the
解析考查冠词。根据句意可知,沿着西安古城墙走一圈花费了我们大约三个小时的时间。“all the way”是固定短语,意为“一路;自始至终”。
69.答案 watchtowers
解析考查名词。根据前面的“different gates”可知,此处用复数形式。
70.答案daily
解析考查形容词。修饰后面的“routines”应该用形容词形式。“daily routines”意为“日常生活”。
Passage 16
(2021·全国乙,15分,难度★★★)
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响) travel to undisturbed places.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61. (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics,and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62. (develop) of the local areas.
Ecotourism has 63.(it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.It was not widely accepted as a travel concept 64. the late 1980s.During that time,increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to 65. growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel,various types 66. trips are now being classified as ecotourism.Actually,a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles:
Minimize the impact of 67. (visit) the place.
Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
Provide 68. (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples.
Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park,officially recognized in 1980,is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity.69. (activity) there range from whale watching to hiking (远足) and accommodations aim 70. (have) a low impact on the natural environment.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了生态旅游和传统旅游的区别以及生态旅游需要遵循的原则。
61.答案educated
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词做表语。由于educate和the traveler之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,故用动词-ed形式。
62.答案development
解析考查名词。根据空格前面的定冠词the可知,所填的词是名词形式,故用development。
63.答案its
解析考查代词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰名词origin做定语,故用形容词性物主代词。
64.答案until
解析考查连词。分析句子结构并结合前面的not可知,本句是not...until...结构。
65.答案the
解析考查冠词。所填的词位于名词的前面,且名词后有of短语做定语,因此该名词是特指,故用定冠词。
66.答案of
解析考查介词。various types of...各种各样的……。
67.答案visiting
解析考查非谓语动词。所给的词是动词且位于介词后,故用动
词-ing形式。
68.答案financial
解析考查形容词。所填的词修饰名词aid,故用financial。
69.答案Activities
解析考查名词单复数。所给单词是名词,结合句子的谓语动词range可知,该名词要用其复数形式。
70.答案to have
解析考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth旨在做某事,故填to have。
Passage 17
(15分,难度★★)
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles song “The Long and Winding Road”.56.　　　　　is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57.　　　 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb.It will 58.　　　 (undoubted) help you get refreshed!The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets,the 59.　　　 (hot) the spring!Strange,isn’t it But that’s how nature is—always leaving us 60.　　　 (astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps.You can’t help wondering how hard it 61.　　　　　　(be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place.Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain,still it highlights the whole adventure 62.　　　　　　 offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63.　　　　　　(ache) legs.
As the song goes,this long and winding road “will never disappear”,and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory.It sure does in 64.　　　　　　(I).While you’re in China,Mount Huangshan is 65.　　　　　　 must to visit!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了游览黄山的所见所感。
56.答案What
解析考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知,本句中的　　　 is so breathtaking about the experience为主语从句,主语从句中缺少主语,故填What。
57.答案humans
解析考查名词。句意:当你在山顶时,你看到的滚滚云海会提醒你,我们人类是多么渺小。分析句子结构可知,此处需要用humans做we的同位语。
58.答案undoubtedly
解析考查副词。结合句子结构可知,此处应用副词undoubtedly修饰动词help。
59.答案hotter
解析考查比较级。句意:温泉的奇妙之处在于,温度越低,泉水越热!此处为“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”结构,表示“越……,越……”。
60.答案astonished
解析考查形容词。leave us astonished表示“使我们感到惊讶”,本句中的astonished为形容词做宾语补足语,对us的状态进行解释和说明。
61.答案was
解析考查时态和主谓一致。句意:你不禁会想,对当时的人们来说,把那些石头放到适当的位置是多么的困难。根据句意及时间状语then可知,此处应该用一般过去时,且由于主语为it,故填was。
62.答案and
解析考查连词。设空处后的offers与前面的highlights并列做谓语,故填and。
63.答案aching
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处应该用aching修饰名词legs,表示“疼痛的腿”。
64.答案mine
解析考查代词。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中。它也肯定会留在我的记忆里。结合句意可知,此处表示“我的记忆中”,故用名词性物主代词mine,相当于my memory。
65.答案a
解析考查冠词。句意:当你在中国的时候,黄山是必到之地!此处在must前加冠词a表示“一件必须做的事”。
Passage 18
(2021·全国新高考2,15分,难度★★)
I’ve always loved the ocean.In the 56.　　　　 (seven) grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage,
57.　　　　 (think)it is food.
　　I decided to do something 58.　　　　 (educate) people about this problem.I held presentations at schools to teach kids about plastic waste.I wanted to reach businesses too.I decided that if I learned of a company 59.　　　　 used a lot of plastic,I’d send it an email urging it to cut back.
One day,I saw a commercial for a health-care company.People in the ad were using plastic straws(吸管).I found the contact information of the company 60.　　　　 emailed its president.I told him how 61.　　　　 (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.I was so 62.　　　　 (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
　　I kept going.Whenever I heard of businesses using plastic,I’d send an email.One of the biggest companies I wrote to
63.　　　　 (be) Alaska Airlines Paris.A company
64. (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over 65.　　　　 plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者讲述了自己为了保护海洋,减少塑料垃圾所做出的努力。
56.答案seventh
解析考查序数词。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。 表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。
57.答案thinking
解析考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构可知,所填的词用做状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,所以用动词-ing形式。
58.答案 to educate
解析考查非谓语动词。句意:我决定做一些事情来教育人们这个问题。分析句子结构可知,　　　　 (educate) people about this problem用做目的状语,所以用动词不定式。
59.答案which/that
解析考查定语从句。句意:我决定,如果我知道有哪家公司大量使用塑料,我就给它发邮件,敦促它减少使用塑料。分析句子结构可知, 所填的词引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词a company,关系词在从句中做主语,所以用which或that。
60.答案and
解析考查连词。句意:我找到了这家公司的联系方式,并给公司总裁发了电子邮件。“found”和“emailed”之间是并列关系,用and连接两个并列的谓语动词,所以填and。
61.答案 harmful
解析考查形容词。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句,所填的词做表语,所以填harmful。

62.答案excited
解析考查形容词。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。所填的词做表语,所以用形容词,修饰人,所以填excited。
63.答案was
解析考查时态和主谓一致。句意:我写信的最大的公司之一是巴黎阿拉斯加航空公司。根据定语从句的谓语动词“wrote”可知,这里描述的是发生在过去的事情,所以用一般过去时;在“one of + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构中,谓语动词用单数,所以填was。
64.答案 representative　
解析考查名词。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1 200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空做句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。
65.答案the
解析考查冠词。此处特指“1 200个航班的塑料杯”,所以用定冠词。
Passage 19
(2021·浙江卷,15分,难度★★★)
It doesn’t impress like George Washington’s plantation on the Potomac,but Lincoln’s home in downtown Springfield,Illinois,56.　　　　 (prove) irresistible to visitors since it opened to the public.Beautifully restored (修复) to its 1860 appearance,the house was Abraham and Mary Lincoln’s home for 17 years.In 1844 they bought it
57.　　　　 $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser,who performed their 58.　　　　 (marry) ceremony in 1842.
When the house was built,it was much 59.　　　　 (small) than it is today.Mary’s niece wrote,“The little home 60.　　　　 (paint) white.It was sweet and fresh.Mary loved it.She was extremely pretty,and her house was a reflection of 61.　　　　 (she),everything in good taste and in perfect order.”
Although Mary loved flowers,62.　　　　 she nor her husband was known as a gardener.A long-time neighbor said they never planted trees and only kept a garden for one year.Mary’s sister,Frances Todd Wallace,often came over 63.　　　　 (plant) flowers in the front yard.
64.　　　　 Lincolns enlarged the house to a full two stories in 1856 to meet the needs of their growing family.Three of the four Lincoln sons were born here.After Lincoln was elected President of the US in 1861,they rented the house and 65.　　　　 (sell) most of their furniture.
【语篇导读】本文为说明文。文章主要介绍了林肯夫妇曾经居住过17年的一处旧居,包括购买时间、格局变化、修整状况等。
56.答案has proved/has proven
解析考查动词时态语态。根据句末的时间状语“since it opened to the public”可知,主句谓语动词使用现在完成时。
57.答案 for
解析考查介词。根据句意可知,此处用介词for表示以多少钱的价格购买。
58.答案marriage
解析考查名词。根据前面的their可知,此处用名词形式。“marriage ceremony”意为“结婚典礼”。
59.答案smaller
解析考查形容词。根据后面的“than it is today”可知,此处用形容词比较级。
60.答案was painted
解析考查动词时态语态。根据下文中出现的“was”和“loved”可知,此处用一般过去时;主语home与paint之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态。
61.答案 herself
解析考查代词。根据句意可知,Mary非常美丽,她的房子就像她自己的写照,也非常美好。
62.答案neither
解析 考查连词。此处用neither...nor...连接并列的主语,表示“既不……也不……”。
63.答案to plant
解析考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知,此处用动词不定式做目的状语。
64.答案 The
解析考查冠词。在英语中,“定冠词the+姓氏的复数形式”表示夫妇二人或一家人。
65.答案sold
解析考查动词时态。根据上文的“rented”以及“and”可知,此处用sell的一般过去时。
Passage 20
(15分,难度★★★★)
A
　　Why do we dream Scientists aren’t completely sure,and they have diverse 11.　　　　 (idea).Dreams might be a side effect of memory making.When you sleep,your brain sorts through everything 12.　　　　 happened during the day,trying to link new experiences to old memories.As it 13.　　　　(connect) things,your brain turns them into a story,and you get a dream.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章解释了我们会做梦的原因。
11.答案 ideas
解析考查可数名词的数。句意:科学家们还不能完全确定,他们有不同的想法。diverse意为“不同的,多种多样的”,后接可数名词的复数形式,故填ideas。
12.答案that
解析考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,所填的词引导定语从句,先行词是不定代词everything,关系词在定语从句中做主语,所以填关系代词that。
13.答案 connects　
解析考查时态。根据主句的谓语动词“turns”可知,从句的谓语动词也应该用一般现在时。由于主语是第三人称单数it,所以填connects。
B
　　Sam is an in-real-life streamer(播主),and he live streams himself just going about his day.While riding his bike home 14.　　　　 a cold night,he came across a sad-looking elderly woman wandering the streets by herself.The poor woman wasn’t able to give him any information about 15.　　　　 she lived.Sam walked her to a nearby convenience store so that she could 16.　　　　(safe) wait for the police to take her home.
【语篇导读】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了生活播主Sam救助一个老太太的故事。
14.答案on
解析考查介词。 表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,需用介词on。
15.答案where
解析考查宾语从句。根据空后的“she lived”可知,此处意为“这个可怜的老太太说不清楚她住在哪里”。根据句意,此处用where引导宾语从句。
16.答案safely
解析考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词修饰动词短语“wait for the police”,所以用副词做状语,故填safely。
C
　　There 17.　　　　 (be) a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events over the past 20 years,18.　　　　(cause) largely by rising global temperatures,according to a new report from the United Nations.From 2000 to 2019,there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world,19.　　　　(result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss.Much of this increase can be due to climate change.The findings show a critical need 20.　　　　 (invest) in disaster prevention.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。在过去的20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,造成了极大的经济损失,因此人们急需投资于灾害预防。
17.答案 has been
解析考查动词时态。句意:根据联合国的一份新报告,过去20年里,极端天气事件的数量急剧增加,这在很大程度上是由全球气温上升造成的。根据时间状语“over the past 20 years”可知,句子的时态要用现在完成时,主语是a dramatic rise,所以填has been。
18.答案 caused
解析 考查非谓语动词。所填的词和“a dramatic rise in the number of extreme weather events”是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式。
19.答案resulting
解析考查非谓语动词。“7,348 major natural disasters”与result是逻辑上的主谓关系,且表示一种自然的结果,所以用动词-ing形式做结果状语。
20.答案 to invest
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词做定语修饰need,表示未来的动作,所以用不定式,故填to invest。
Passage 21
(2020·全国1,15分,难度★★★)
China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—61. 　　　　　(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon’s far side is 62. 　　　　　(extreme) challenging.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 63. 　　　　　 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 64. 　　　　　(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so 65. 　　　　　 to familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments
onboard Chang’e-4 66. 　　　　　(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 67. 　　　　　(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68. 　　　　　(construct).”Data about the moon’s composition,such as how 69. 　　　　　 ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 70. 　　　　　(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆,彰显了中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感。
61.答案touched　
解析考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,主语为The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe,设空处为谓语动词,根据空后的last week可知,此处应用一般过去时。
62.答案extremely　
解析考查副词。此处修饰形容词challenging,应用副词形式。
63.答案where　
解析考查定语从句。先行词是一个表示地点的名词spot,并且引导词在从句中充当地点状语,故用关系副词where。
64.答案interest　
解析考查名词。“be+of+抽象名词”为固定搭配。
65.答案than　
解析考查介词。前面的more是提示,构成比较结构。
66.答案to find　
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,这里用不定式短语做目的状语。
67.答案means　
解析考查动词的时态。根据上文的时态可知此处应用一般现在时,这里用it做主语,故用mean的第三人称单数形式。
68.答案is constructed　
解析考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,moon与动词construct之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。
69.答案much　
解析考查形容词。设空处后面的ice是不可数名词,故用much修饰。
70.答案its　
解析考查代词。由后面的名词plans可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词。故用its。
Passage 22
(2020·全国2,15分,难度★★★)
Decorating with Plants,Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year
Chinese New Year is a 61.____________(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 62.____________(carry) special significance.They represent the earth 63.____________(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.
These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country:
Oranges:Orange trees are more 64.____________ decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times 65.____________(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.
Bamboo:Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.66.____________(certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must.Bamboo plants are associated 67.____________ health,abundance and a happy home.They are easy 68.____________(care) for and make great presents.
Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The 69.____________(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are 70.____________ first to flower even as the snow is melting (融化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人过新年使用的一些装饰品以及各自的含义和寓意。
61.答案celebration　
解析考查名词。根据前面的不定冠词a可知,此处应用名词形式。
62.答案carries　
解析考查动词时态。该句含有why引导的表语从句,从句的主语是decorating,所以此处谓语应用第三人称单数形式。
63.答案coming　
解析考查非谓语动词。设空处做动词represent的宾语,所以用动词-ing形式。
64.答案than　
解析考查固定搭配。根据前面的more以及后面的a symbol of good fortune and wealth可知,此处用than。more than在此处意为“不仅仅是”。
65.答案decorated　
解析考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,them与decorate之间是动宾关系,所以用动词-ed形式。
66.答案Certainly　
解析考查副词。设空处位于句首,修饰整个句子,应该用副词形式。
67.答案with　
解析考查介词。be associated with是固定搭配,意为“与……有关”。
68.答案to care　
解析考查非谓语动词。此处为“be+adj.+to do”结构,其中不定式做状语。
69.答案beautiful　
解析考查形容词。由后面的long branches可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词。
70.答案the　
解析考查冠词。设空处修饰后面的序数词first,所以用定冠词,特指“第一个”。
Passage 23
(15分,难度★★)
In ancient China lived an artist 61.____________ paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation had made him proud.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 62.____________(fine) work,so that he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would 63.____________(choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed.The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.
Filled with 64.____________(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.65.____________ he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and 66.____

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