资源简介

(共27张PPT)
　动词和动词短语
考点1　动词的分类
1.实义动词
(1)实义动词按照句法功能,可分为及物动词和不及物动词两类,但有些动词既可用作及物动词,又可用作不及物动词。
类型 说明 示例
及物动词 本身意义不完整,必须加宾语 主要用于三种句型中:①主+谓+宾
②主+谓+宾+宾补　③主+谓+宾+宾
不及物动词 本身意义完整,不能直接加宾语 主要用于两种句型中:①主+谓
②主+谓+状
(2)实义动词按照其意义,可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词两类。
类型 用法 示例
延续性动词 表示一种可延续的动作或状态 I have lived here for ten years.
我在这里生活十年了。
非延续性动词 (短暂性动词) 表示行为或动作瞬间完成,不可延续 He left the office five minutes ago.
他五分钟前离开了办公室。
2.系动词
　　系动词不能单独作谓语,必须和表语(通常为名词或形容词)一起构成谓语,说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份等。一般情况下,系动词没有被动语态。
用法 示例
表状态 be　stay　keep　seem
表感官 look　sound　smell　taste　feel
表变化 become　turn　get　go
3.助动词
　　助动词本身无词义或意义不完整,不能单独作谓语,主要和实义动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句和疑问句。
助动词 常见结构及用法
be(am/is/are/ was/were) “be+现在分词”构成进行时态
“be+过去分词”构成被动语态
do/does/did “Do/Does/Did+主语+动词原形+其他 ”构成一般疑问句
“主语+don’t/doesn’t/didn’t+动词原形+其他.”构成否定句
“do/does/did+动词原形”表示强调
have/has/had “have/has+过去分词”构成现在完成时
“had+过去分词”构成过去完成时
4.情态动词
　　情态动词表示说话人的语气和情态,不能独立作谓语,只能和主要动词一起构成谓语。常见的情态动词有can、may、could等,其后动词使用原形。情态动词一般没有人称和数的变化,情态动词的否定形式是在其后加not,在一般疑问句中通常将其提到句首。
(1)常见情态动词及其基本用法
情态动词 用法
can ①表示能力,意为“能;会”;②表示请求、许可,常用于熟人或平辈之间
could ①can的过去式,表示过去的能力;②用于提出建议;
③用于礼貌地向对方(一般是长辈、父母、老师等)提出请求
may ①表示许可,意为“可以”;②用于祈使句,表示祝福和祝愿,和wish相似
might ①may的过去式;②表示请求、许可,语气比may更含蓄、委婉
must/have to ①must 强调主观看法,意为“必须,一定”;
②have to 强调客观需要,意为“不得不”
情态动词 用法
should should表示要求和命令,也可以表示劝告和建议,意为“应该”
need 常用于否定句或疑问句中,意为“需要”
shall 用于主语是第一人称的疑问句中,表示提出或征求意见
will 用于主语是第二人称的疑问句中,表示向对方提出建议或请求
would ①will 的过去式,表示过去的意愿或计划;②表示请求、建议或邀请
had better 多用于第二人称之后表示建议,意为“最好”,常用于 had better (not) do sth 结构中,意为“最好(不)做某事”
(2)情态动词表推测
情态动词 含义 用法
can’t 一定不;不可能 表示十分有把握的否定推测
may 可能;也许 表示把握不大的肯定推测
might 可能;也许 表示肯定推测,可能性低于may
could 可能;也许 表示肯定推测,比can的程度弱,语气较委婉
must 一定;肯定 表示非常有把握的肯定推测(100%的可能性)
【考点专练】
1.People mustn’t __________(smoke) in public places.
2.We all 　love　(love) our country very much!
3.Jack, _______(do) not eat in the library. It’s not polite.
用适当的感官动词填空
4.—Dad, what are you cooking It __________ so good.
—The main dish for our dinner. You will like it.
5.—What do you think of this piece of music
—It ___________ beautiful but a little sad.
　smoke　
　do　
　smells　
　sounds　
用适当的情态动词填空
6.1 you lend me some money I want to buy this book.
7.You ______________ finish your homework before watching TV. That’s the rule.
8.He __________________ be in the library, but I’m not sure.
9.You _________________ waste food. There are many hungry people in the world.
10.—Must I finish the work today
—No, you ___________. You can do it tomorrow.
must/have to　
　may/might/could　
mustn’t/shouldn’t　
　needn’t　
考点2　动词短语
1.同一动词型
动词 短语及含义
come come back回来　come from来自　come on加油;快点　come out出现;出版
get get away离开　get back回来　get into进入……　get on上车　get off下车
get over克服　get up起床　get on/along with sb与某人相处　get ready for为……做好准备
动词 短语及含义
give give away捐赠　give back归还　give out散发;分发　
give off发出(光、热等)
go go away走开;离开　go ahead开始;前进　go by (时间)流逝　
go on继续
go out外出;熄灭　go over仔细检查　go through经历;通过　
go for a walk去散步
动词 短语及含义
look look at看　look after照顾　look around环顾四周　look down upon/on看不起
look for寻找　look forward to盼望;期待　look like看起来像　
look over检查
put put away收起;放好　put off推迟　put on穿上;上演;增重　
put out扑灭;熄灭
put up 举起;张贴;搭建　put down放下　put back把……放回原处
动词 短语及含义
take take away带走;拿走　take care of照顾　take off起飞;脱下　
take place发生
turn turn on打开　turn off关上　turn up调大　turn down调小;拒绝
2.同一介词/副词型
动词+ 介词 动词+on concentrate on全神贯注于　live on以……为食　
depend on取决于
动词+with agree with同意　begin with以……开始　deal with 处理
动词+for care for照顾;照料　ask for请求;恳求　stand for代表;象征
send for派人去叫;请(某人)来　pay for付费;付出代价　wait for等待
动词+ 副词 动词+down break down损坏;出故障　calm down平静　cut down砍倒;减少
fall down倒塌　lie down躺下　pull down拆毁　sit down坐下
动词+off clean off把……刷(或擦)掉　cut off切断　pay off还清　
show off炫耀
动词+away wash away冲走;冲掉　move away搬走　run away逃跑　
throw away 扔掉
动词+up grow up长大　cheer up使……高兴　hurry up赶快　
ring up打电话
look up查阅　give up放弃　make up编造;化妆　wake up醒来
【考点专练】
　　Several years ago, many teenagers felt stressed because of study. They didn’t have enough time to 　1　. As a result, their health got worse and worse. It’s very important for us to keep a balance between study and relaxation.
First, we should have a healthy diet. Eating more fruit and vegetables and less junk food is good for our body. Second, we need to 　2　 every day. It can be running, swimming or playing ball games. Exercise not only makes us strong, but also helps us relax. Third, we should have enough sleep. 　3　 is bad for our health, so we should go to bed early and get up early.
Besides, we can develop some hobbies to relax ourselves, such as reading, drawing or listening to music. Hobbies can make our life more colourful and help us 　4　 happily. Remember, health is the most important thing for us. Let’s 　5　 to stay healthy and relax properly!
1.A.take a break B.do homework C.hang out
2.A.play sports B.watch TV C.get dressed
3.A.Getting up B.Staying up C.Taking up
4.A.come over B.move on C.grow up
5.A.take action B.take part C.take care
【基础题】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.(2026·甘肃)Pick up a book and _________(start) reading today!
2.(2026·四川凉山州)My little brother couldn’t ___________(control) his excitement when he got a toy.
3.I thought he must _______(be) the king’s musician.
4.You’d better _______(sit) up straight when you have an interview.
5.Don’t __________(make) noise in the reading room.
　start　
　control　
　be　
　sit　
　make　
【语篇题】
二、完形填空
Chinese people were very excited when the Shenzhou-23 spaceship was sent into space on 24 May 2026. But we must also be proud of the first Chinese to try to fly into the sky, whose name is Wan Hu.
One day, he tied a chair with 47 “rockets” and sat on it. Then he 　1　 a big kite in each hand. He planned to use the push of the rockets to fly into the sky, and then use the kite to land on the earth. Unluckily, he 　2　 his life when they exploded.
Hundreds of years later, in 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped down from Apollo 11 and walked on the moon. Humans 　3　 a great dream.
To remember Wan, a crater(环形山) on the far side of the moon was named after him.
There are many people like Wan in the world. They never 　4　 their dreams. That’s why we can always change the world for the better.Yuan Longping 　5　 hybrid rice to make his dream come true. He 　6　 all his life to help Chinese people have enough food. Henry Ford 　7　 a new kind of car and hoped cars would take the place of horses and carts.
Dreams are important. When we 　8　 difficulties, dreams can keep us going. With dreams, we 　9　 goals and make plans. If we 　10　 on pursuing our dreams, we will finally make a difference.
1.A.printed B.sold C.held
2.A.saved B.lost C.shared
3.A.realised B.repeated C.reduced
4.A.wait for B.look for C.give up
5.A.burned B.developed C.copied
6.A.looked B.fought C.worked
7.A.created B.forgot C.hid
8.A.meet B.miss C.win
9.A.cancel B.set C.refuse
10.A.put B.depend C.insist

展开更多......

收起↑