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(共25张PPT)
动词的时态和语态
考点1　动词的时态
时态 结构 标志词 用法
一般现在时 ①主语+am/is/are+其他. ②主语+动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式+其他. ①频度副词:always、often、usually、sometimes、seldom、never、hardly ever等 ②频度词组:once a year、twice a month, every day/year 等 ①表示经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态
②表示客观事实或普遍真理
③主将从现: 若一个复合句主句用一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时表示将来
④像start、begin、leave、go、come、arrive这类动词,当表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作时,直接用一般现在时表示将来
时态 结构 标志词 用法
一般过去时 ①主语+was/were+其他. ②主语+动词过去式+其他. ①具体时间词:yesterday、the day before yesterday等 ②last+时间词:last year/month/week等 ③时间段+ago:three days ago等 ④in+过去的时间词:in 2020、in 2017等 ⑤其他:just now、at that time等 ①表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态
②表示过去经常性或反复发生的动作,常与always、often等频度副词连用
③在since引导的时间状语从句中,从句常用一般过去时
时态 结构 标志词 用法
一般将来时 ①主语+be(am/is/are)+going to+动词原形+其他. ②主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他. ①具体时间词:tomorrow等 ②next+时间词:next week/month/year等 ③in+一段时间:in two days/three months等 ④in+将来的时间词:in 2030、in 2050等 ⑤其他:in the future、some day、later、soon等 ①“be going to+动词原形”表示计划、打算做某事,指已决定的、很可能发生的事或有某种迹象表明要发生的事
②表示将来某个时间将要发生的动作或存在的状态
③“be about to+动词原形”和“be to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作,一般不能与具体的时间状语连用
④表示某种必然的趋势
时态 结构 标志词 用法
现在进行时 主语+am/is/are+现在分词+其他. now、right now、at the moment、at present、listen、look、while等 ①表示现在(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作
②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作,常用的时间状语有“this/these+表示一段时间的名词”
时态 结构 标志词 用法
过去进行时 主语+was/were+现在分词+其他. at that time、at ten o’clock/this time yesterday、at ten o’clock last night以及when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句 ①表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
②表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作
③常和always等频度副词连用,表示过去频繁发生的动作,此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩
④过去进行时常用于when或while引导的时间状语从句中
时态 结构 标志词 用法
现在完成时 主语+have/has+过去分词+其他. ①since+过去的时间点/从句、for+时间段 ②其他:already、yet、never、ever、recently、so far、up to now、until/till now等 ①表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
②表示从过去开始延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的动作或状态,也许还要持续下去,可以和表示延续的时间状语连用
【知识拓展】
　　英语中动词过去式的构成分为规则与不规则两类。动词过去式的构成如下:
变化规则 示例
一般情况直接加-ed work→worked　watch→watched
以不发音的e结尾的动词,加-d live→lived　love→loved
以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,变y为i再加-ed study→studied　hurry→hurried
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写这个辅音字母再加-ed stop→stopped　plan→planned
不规则变化 go→went　buy→bought
【考点专练】
1.On Shandong’s journey of rapid development, every effort ____________
(matter).
2.Later I looked up the history of Erquan Yingyue, and I __________(begin)
to understand the sadness in the music.
3.The environment is much better now, and it ___________(get) even better
in the future.
　matters　
　began　
　will get　
4.—Here comes the bus! Where is Nancy
—She can’t go with us. She ______________(show) some visitors around
our school.
5.Look at the picture! While the children were laughing and racing down
the steps, the artists ________________(cut) out a beautiful swan from that
block of ice.
6.During Grain Rain, the temperature usually _________(rise) a lot and
the rainfall increases.
　is showing　
　were cutting　
　rises　
7.Most people agree that smart technology _______________(become) a
big part of society so far.
8.I _____________(agree) with my friend about the plan, but we finally
reached agreement together.
9.Up to now, I _________________(collect) many photos and notes for
the report. I hope to finish it by this weekend.
10.I hope you _____________(have) a good time in your dream senior
high school!
　has become　
　disagreed　
　have collected　
　will have　
考点2　被动语态
　　概念:主语是动作的承受者,动作的执行者由by引出,by 意为“被,由”。
1.被动语态的构成
时态 构成
一般现在时 am/is/are+过去分词
一般过去时 was/were+过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall+be+过去分词、am/is/are going to be+过去分词
【特别提醒】
含有情态动词的被动语态结构:情态动词(can/may/must/should)+be+过去分词
The room must be cleaned today. 今天必须打扫房间。
2.使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者;
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者;
(3)句子主语是动作的承受者;
(4)需要强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。如果需要指出动作的执行者,可用“by+动作的执行者”;
(5)进行客观说明时,常采用被动语态句型(一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中),如It is/was said/reported+that...“据说/据报道……”。
3.主动形式表被动意义的情况
(1)一些系动词的主动形式可以表示被动意义,如 look、sound、smell、taste、seem等,主语通常是 “物”;
(2)某些与 well、badly、easily、smoothly等副词连用的不及物动词,表示物体的某种属性特征,用主动形式表示被动意义。常见的词有read、write、wash、sell、open等。
【考点专练】
1.In our city, public buses ______________(drive) by well-trained drivers
to keep passengers safe.
2.This kind of book _________(sell) well.
3.The English homework must ______________(finish) before 9 p.m.
4.Jerry _______________(praise) by foreign tourists for his wonderful
introduction to Chinese customs last Friday.
5.The beautiful erhu music Erquan Yingyue ___________(love) by people
around China.
　are driven　
　sells　
　be finished　
　was praised　
　is loved　
【基础题】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Books are always _________(fill) with fun and interesting facts.
2.(2026·甘肃)Why not use a reading list to introduce what you’ve
_________(read) recently
3.(2026·江苏扬州)You’re happier when you’re __________(ride)
with your friends.
4.When we first entered Mr Zheng’s room, he ________________(water) flowers on the balcony.
　filled　
　read　
　riding　
　was watering　
5.Mum cares about my schoolwork very much. She often ___________(praise)
me for the progress I’ve made at school.
6.They have collected more than 10,000 books since the library ___________　
(build) last year.
7.Our teacher hopes the safety tips which he suggests _______________(protect)
us against crime.
　praises　
　was built
　will protect　
8.My cousin _______________(study) for the important exam since last month, and he feels a bit tired now.
9.Now more and more parks ________________(design) as public places for citizens to rest after work.
10.“Luckily, a guide to AI _________________(publish) in Wuxi last year to help students to use AI wisely,” Mr Lee said.
　has studied　
　are designed　
　was published　
【语篇题】
二、短文填空
An elephant was happy with her life in the jungle, but she was all alone.
No other elephants lived nearby. One day, the elephant decided 1.__________　
(make) new friends.
As she walked, the ground shook. “You are making too much noise!”
a monkey shouted.
“Sorry about that. I 2.___________(try) to tiptoe(踮着脚走) from now
on! By the way, would you like to be my friend ”
　to make
　will try　
“You 3.______________(not have) a tail and are too heavy to swing
through the trees. Why would I want to hang out with you ”
The elephant sighed(叹气). Her feelings 4._____________(hurt)!
Then she saw a frog(青蛙) swimming in the river.
“Hello, Mr Frog! Would you like to be my friend ”
“Can you jump ” asked the frog.
“No, I can’t,” the elephant was embarrassed.
“Well, we can’t be friends, then!” The frog swam away.
The elephant sighed deeply.
　don’t have　
　were hurt　
A few minutes later, she met a fox. But the fox didn’t want to be her friend either. He thought her tusks(象牙) were funny. The elephant felt quite upset.
The next morning, the elephant 5.__________(hear) loud noises in the forest.
The first animal running past was the monkey. “He’s coming! Run!” With these words, he disappeared.
And then came the frog. He 6.________________(jump) as fast as he could when the fox ran by quickly.
　heard　
　was jumping　
“Who 7.________ they ____________(run) away from ” the elephant asked herself.
Then the elephant saw a tiger coming to her!
“8.________(get) out of my way, elephant!” he shouted.
“I think you 9.　should go　(go) away and leave them alone!” the elephant cleared her throat and said.
The tiger got angry and jumped at the elephant. The elephant made a very loud noise—ROAR! The loud noise scared the tiger away!
After a while, the other animals came back.
“Where’s the tiger ” asked the frog.
　are　
　running　
　Get　
“He 10.___________(leave),” the elephant smiled.
“Gosh, did you scare that tiger away You’re so brave,” said the monkey.
The fox lowered his head. “You stood up for us, even after we were unfriendly!”
The frog said, “If it’s OK, I’d like to spend time with you. After all, friends can come in many shapes and sizes.”
　has left　

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