资源简介

(共24张PPT)
构词法
考点1　合成法
　　将两个及以上的单词合在一起构成一个新词的方法叫合成法。
类型 构成 示例
合成名词 名+名 classroom　newspaper　basketball　sunflower
名+动 sunrise　daybreak　haircut　brainwash
名+v.-ing babysitting　handwriting　sunbathing　sightseeing
动+名 bathroom　playground　washroom　breakwater
形+名 blackboard　grandmother　highway　sweetheart
介/副+名 overcoat　outside　underground　afternoon
其他形式 breakfast　get-together
类型 构成 示例
合成动词 名/形/副+动 sightsee　oversleep　sleepwalk　dry-clean
合成 形容词 名+v.-ing English-speaking　time-saving　heart-warming
名+v.-ed man-made　home-made　home-grown　snow-covered
形+名 full-time　full-size　short-term　high-speed
形+名+ed middle-aged　kind-hearted　cold-blooded　short-sighted
形+形 dark-blue　light-green　red-hot　bitter-sweet
副+v.-ed well-known　well-developed　widely-used　highly-praised
其他形式 face-to-face　12-year-old
类型 构成 示例
合成代词 不定代词+名 someone　everything　anybody
合成副词 副+名 downstairs　upstairs　outside
合成数词 数+数 fifty-four
考点2　派生法
　　在一个单词前面或后面加上一个词缀构成新词的方法叫派生法。加在单词前的词缀叫前缀,加在单词后的词缀叫后缀。
1.常见的前缀(大多数前缀只改变词义不改变词性)
(1)表示否定的前缀
前缀 含义 示例
im-, in-, ir-, il- 不,非 impolite　informal　irregular　illegal
dis- 不,相反 dislike　disappear　disagree　
mis- 错误地 mistake　misunderstand
un- 不,无,未 unimportant　unlucky　unhappy　unusual
non- 相反 non-smoker
(2)表示程度或大小差异的前缀
前缀 含义 示例
over- 过量的 oversleep　overtime　overweight
super- 超级的 superstar　supermarket
micro- 微小的 microcomputer　microscope
mini- 小的 minibus　miniskirt
(3)表示位置、时间、顺序的前缀
前缀 含义 示例
inter- 之间的 internet　international
mid- 中间 midnight　midsummer
tele- 远程的 telephone　telegram
fore-/pre- 在……之前 forehead　prediction
re- 再次 retell　rebuild　review
(4)其他前缀
前缀 含义 示例
a- 处于……状态 asleep　awake　alive
en- 使…… enable　enlarge
kilo- 千 kilometre　kilogram
2.常见的后缀(后缀改变词性)
(1)名词后缀
后缀 含义 示例
-er, -or ……的人 worker　teacher　inventor　visitor
-ese 民族,语言 Chinese　Japanese
-an, -ian ……的人 American　African　historian　musician
-ist 从事……的人 scientist　pianist
-ess 女性…… waitress　actress
后缀 含义 示例
-ment ……的行为(结果) movement　development
-ness ……状态(性质) kindness　illness
-ion, -tion, -ation, -sion ……的行为、状态或过程 expression　competition　organisation
-ship 表示某种关系 friendship　relationship
-hood ……的状态 childhood　neighbourhood
-ty, -ity ……的性质 popularity　personality
-ing ……的动作 feeling　gardening
(2)动词后缀
后缀 含义 示例
-en 使变得…… deepen　weaken
-ise 使;成为 memorise　realise
-ify, -fy 使…… beautify　satisfy
(3)形容词后缀
后缀 含义 示例
-able 可……的 comfortable　enjoyable
-al 与……有关的 national　musical
-y, -ly 充满……的,有……倾向的 windy　lucky　lovely
-ful 充满……的 hopeful　careful
-less 没有…… careless　meaningless
-ing 描述事物的特征等 interesting　exciting
-ed 描述人的状况、心情等 excited　surprised
-ern 表示方位 eastern　western
(4)副词后缀
后缀 含义 示例
-ly 以……方式 freely　happily
-wards 向…… backwards　eastwards
【考点专练】
1.(2026·上海静安二模)She is not only a talented ___________(act) but
also a successful director.
2.It’s a good living habit not to leave your room ___________(tidy).
3.A touch of ___________(sad) hits our hearts when we realise the
Bianzhong’s music was lost to the world for centuries.
4.Tom had a terrible _____________(tooth) yesterday, so he didn’t come
to school.
5.Sometimes brothers or sisters ____________(agree) with each other,
but they still care about each other.
　actress　
　untidy　
　sadness　
　toothache　
　disagree　
考点3　转化法
　　把一个单词由一种词类转化为另一种词类,这种构词法叫转化法。单词转化后的意义往往与之前的意义联系密切。
词类转化 示例
名词 动词 water n.水 v.浇水　　　　　　　　
show n.展览;展示 v.演出;展出
形容词 动词 slow adj.慢的 v.(使)放慢速度　 　
free adj.自由的;免费的 v.释放
形容词 名词 right adj.正确的;右边的 n.正当;右边
final adj.最终的 n.决赛;期末考试
【基础题】
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Thanks for your _____________(invite). But I have to take care of my younger sister.
2.The key to _____________(happy) is to see all the beauty of the world.
3.After having a ______________(discuss), we are in agreement.
4.Nowadays, thousands of foreign ___________(visit) come to China on vacation.
　invitation　
　happiness　
　discussion　
　visitors　
5.His cousin keeps on painting in order to become an __________(art).
6.With ______________(wonder) treasures inside, Yangzhou Museum is
well worth visiting.
7.It’s important to know how to ask for help ___________(polite).
8.I think it’s ______________(possible) to finish the work in such a short time.
9.Lily likes that white dress best of the three. It’s __________(real) beautiful.
10.Thanks to the ________________(develop) of technology, people live an
easier life than before.
　artist　
　wonderful　
　politely　
　impossible　
　really　
　development　
【语篇题】
二、短文填空
　　My grandma is the happiest when she’s in her garden. She has an
1.____________(usual) hobby: talking to her plants during her gardening.
Every morning, she visits them, speaking softly to the roses and chatting
with the tomatoes. At first, I thought it was strange, but then I understood
—this was her special way of showing care and 2.____________(kind).
She believes plants will grow better with love.
　unusual　
　kindness　
　　I visit Grandma every Saturday. It’s our special time. Instead of rushing or
checking my phone, I sit quietly with her in the garden. We drink lemonade,
and I give her my full attention. She tells me stories about her 3.___________　
(child), her travels, or about the birds she saw that week. Listening like this,
really listening, is a 4._____________(power) way to show love.
　　Small acts of care count too. Last month, I noticed her 5.___________
(like) for her old, falling-apart gardening notebook. I used my pocket money to
buy her a beautiful new one. When I gave it to her, she looked 6._____________
(surprise) and her eyes lit up! “For my plant secrets!” she laughed, hugging me
tightly. It wasn’t expensive, but it showed I paid attention to what she loved.
　childhood
　powerful　
　dislike　
　surprised　
　　Our Saturdays are 7.____________(relax). There’s no pressure, just
warmth. We might read, watch clouds, or sit comfortably. This time builds our
8.______________(friend) far more than quick text messages ever could.
　　Showing love isn’t always about great 9.__________(act). Often, it’s quiet
time, full attention, and thoughtful gifts that say “I care” most 10.___________
(clear). There’re special people in everyone’s life. Let’s slow down and truly
be with them.
　relaxing　
　friendship　
　action　
　clearly　

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