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(共40张PPT)
主题十二 灾害防范　　
主题词汇串记
一、阅读理解
A　新语篇类型·宣传海报
主题：人与自然——自然灾害与防范措施　　情境：自然灾害知多少
主题语篇专练
　　Do you know how we can survive in an earthquake？ Natural disasters such as earthquakes， floods or wildfires have been a great danger to the human beings since the beginning. Every year， thousands of lives die of them.
Just as the old saying goes， “Know yourself， know your enemy. A hundred battles (战斗)， a hundred victories.” Only when we know more about natural disasters can we come up with excellent ideas to fight against them. This Saturday， we invite Malika Sultanova， the professor (教授) of Yale University and an expert in environmental science， to give a speech on what you need to know about natural disasters. Let’s go and enjoy it！
Date and time： May 21， 2026　9： 00 a.m.-11： 30 a.m.
Place： Classroom 302， 3F， Teaching Building
What you will learn in this speech：
Considering where we live， Professor Sultanova will introduce information about earthquakes， as well as tsunamis (海啸) caused
by them.
In the speech， you will learn：
▲ How an earthquake and a tsunami happen.
▲ How close we are to an earthquake or a tsunami.
▲ Useful experience about surviving an earthquake or a tsunami.
After the speech， we’d move to questioning. All of you can ask questions.So you can think about what you want to know ahead of time. Getting your questions ready would be better. If you want to learn more about the speech or the speaker， please visit www.thefirstschool..
(　　)1.What can we know about Malika Sultanova？
A.She once experienced a tsunami.
B.She studies earthquakes in the university.
C.She is a professor of Harvard University.
D.She knows a lot about environmental science.
D
(　　)2.How long will the speech last？
A.For an hour. B.For an hour and a half.
C.For two hours. D.For two hours and a half.
D
(　　)3.Where will the speech be given？
A.In Classroom 302， 3F， School Hall.
B.In Classroom 302， 3F， Office Building.
C.In Classroom 302， 3F， Teaching Building.
D.In Classroom 202， 2F， Teaching Building.
C
(　　)4.What can we learn from this speech？
A.How an earthquake and a tsunami happen.
B.An expert’s own experience about a tsunami.
C.How far we are from an earthquake or a tsunami.
D.Useful experience about stopping an earthquake or a tsunami.
A
(　　)5.Where can you most probably read the text？
A.On a school website. B.In a nature magazine.
C.In a city newspaper. D.On a sports TV program.
A
B
主题：人与自然——自然灾害与防范措施　　
情境：防患于未“燃”
　There are many forest fires each year. Forest fires happen not only in the United States and South America but also in many other parts of the world， such as in Europe and Australia. In the United States， about 4.3 million acres
(英亩) of forest burn each year. That is about the size of four Rhode Islands.
In order to avoid forest fires， it’s necessary to know more about how forest fires start. In fact， they start in different ways.
Sometimes people start forest fires by mistake. A person who lives near a forest may burn something， such as leaves or grass. 　▲　 For example， a burning leaf could spread the fire to one of the trees in the forest. The tree catches on fire， and then the tree next to that one catches on fire. The fire spreads， and soon there is a forest fire.
Campfires (篝火) also cause forest fires. People often make a campfire when they go camping in the forest. They cook their food on the campfire. Sometimes people go away when their campfire is still smoldering (阴燃). Wind can blow the campfire onto a nearby tree， and the tree can catch on fire. Small twigs (细枝) on the forest floor might start burning. The fire can spread to some bushes (灌木)， and these bushes can catch on fire too. That is why it is important to put out all campfires.
Lightning can also cause forest fires. During a storm， lightning may hit trees. Sometimes a tree catches on fire， and then a forest fire begins.
Since forest fires are hard to put out， it is important for everyone to learn how to prevent them after understanding how they start.
(　　)6.Why is the number “4.3 million acres” compared to “four Rhode Islands”？
A.To show how serious forest fires are.
B.To explain how big the United States is.
C.To compare forest fire problems in different states.
D.To explain why Rhode Island is famous in America.
A
(　　)7.新考法·语篇逻辑　Which is the best sentence to fill in
the 　▲　？
A.Dry leaves and grass can catch on fire easily in hot weather.
B.The fire from burning leaves can grow larger in a short time.
C.A small piece of burning material might be blown into the forest.
D.Many people don’t realize that burning leaves is against the rules.
C
(　　)8.新考法·段落大意　What is the main focus of Paragraph 4？
A.The importance of putting out campfires.
B.The steps of a campfire causing a forest fire.
C.How people should use campfires safely when camping.
D.The difference between campfires and other causes of forest fires.
B
(　　)9.新考法·文本结构　Which of the following shows the structure of the text？(①＝ Paragraph 1， …)
A B C D
D
→ → →
第9题解题步骤：
1.厘清段落大意： 第1段： 森林火灾在全球多发；第2段： 要避免森林火灾，有必要了解其起因；第3段： 人为失误引发火灾；第4段： _______引发火灾；第5段： 闪电引发火灾；第6段： 总结并呼吁预防；
厘清段落大意
分析段落结构关系
结合文章体裁特点
对比选项得答案
篝火
2.分析段落结构关系： 第1段是背景与数据引入(现象)；第2段为总起(多种起因)；第3、4、5段是分述三种起火方式，呈______关系；第6段是总结与呼吁；
3.结合文章体裁特点： 本文属于说明文，采用“现象引入—原因分类—总结建议”的典型结构，即为“总—分—_____”模式；
4._____选项准确对应本文的结构关系，故选________。
并列
总
D
D
(　　)10.新考法·后续发展　What is the writer most probably going to discuss next？
A.Helpful methods to prevent forest fires in life.
B.The importance of learning more about the causes.
C.The reasons why forest fires are difficult to control.
D.The positive effects of forest fires on the environment.
A
二、语篇填空
新语篇类型·安全指南
主题：人与自然——人身安全与自我保护　　情境：台风天生存手册
　　A typhoon is a dangerous storm with heavy rain and strong wind. When a typhoon happens， you need to follow some important rules 1._____ stay safe.
to
　　First，before the typhoon，listen to the weather news.Prepare enough food，water and candles.Close and lock all windows and doors.Bring things inside from the yard，such as plants or toys. Stay at home and do not go out.
　　Second，during the typhoon，keep away 2._______ windows and glass doors.When there is a flood，move to a higher place or the top floor. Do not touch power lines or anything with water near electricity (电). Also，do not use the phone 3.______ computer because lightning can be dangerous.
from
or
Third，after the typhoon，be careful. Watch for broken glass，falling trees，or loose(松动的) power lines.Stay at home until the news says it 4. ___ safe.Check your home for damage(损失)，but stay away from any dangerous area.If someone is hurt，call for help or give first aid.
　　Finally，remember that being ready can save lives.Always listen to local advice and follow the rules.Staying calm and smart is 5.______ best way to stay safe during a typhoon.
is
the
三、(2026·呼和浩特一模改编)补全对话
(After a disaster drill (演练)， a reporter interviewed John.)
A： Good afternoon， John. Thanks for chatting with me. Could you tell me about a time you went through a disaster？
B： 1.________________________. Last summer， a huge rainstorm hit my city.
A： 2.____________________________________________________
_________________？
B： I could hear strong winds beating against the windows， and the rain was pouring down hard.
Of course/ Sure/ Certainly/…
What was it like during the storm/ What did you see and hear during the storm/…
A： Did you have to leave your home？
B： No， we stayed inside. But some of my neighbours had to move to higher ground because their houses were flooded.
A： 3.____________________________________________________
___________________？
B： To be honest， I was pretty sad. After the rainstorm， I saw fallen trees everywhere， and workers were busy clearing up the mess.
A： 4.___________________________________________________. That’s really terrible！
How did you feel about all that/ How did you feel when you saw all the damage/…
That must have been hard for everyone/ That sounds awful/…
B： Yes. But people helped each other.
A： Did you help out？
B： Of course. I helped clean the streets with my family. It felt great to do something meaningful.
A： What do you think you’ll remember most about this experience？
B： 5.____________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________. I’ll never forget how everyone came together.
This disaster brought people a lot closer/ It made me realise how important community is/ The experience taught me to value the people around me/…
重难语篇三级拓展练
Task 1-语篇填空
主题：人与自然——人身安全与自我保护　　
情境：掌握三招，地震不慌
with so great easy prepare happen stay home they building　
You feel the ground suddenly shake， and nearby objects are shaking. A dangerous event is 1.____________—an earthquake.
happening
An earthquake is caused by the movement of parts of the Earth’s outermost layer (最外层). Earthquakes happen millions of times a year， but most are so small that people don’t even feel 2.______.
But some earthquakes can be very strong. Powerful earthquakes can cause 3._______ damage. Most damage and deaths happen in places where a lot of people live because the shaking causes windows to break， 4._________ to fall and fire to break out.
with so great easy prepare happen stay home they building　
them
great
buildings
Earthquakes can happen anytime or anywhere， 5._______ it’s important to prepare for them.
Talk with your family about some safe places to hide in your 6.________. If an earthquake happens， try to get to a safe place fast. Remember three things during an earthquake： drop， cover， and hold on.
with so great easy prepare happen stay home they building　
so
home
Drop： Get down on your hands and knees and crawl (爬行) to your shelter.
Cover： Stay under a sturdy table， desk， or bed， and cover your head and neck 7._____ your arms. Don’t stand under a doorway— it can 8._______ fall.
with so great easy prepare happen stay home they building　
with
easily
Hold on： If you’re under a piece of furniture (家具)， hold on with one hand and move with the furniture if it starts moving. 9.______ where you are until the building stops shaking.
Once the earthquake ends， check for injuries (伤势). Be 10.__________ for any aftershocks. And remember that you should always look on the bright side.
with so great easy prepare happen stay home they building　
Stay
prepared
Task 2-阅读理解
(　　)11.What do we know about earthquakes from Paragraph 2？
A.They are all very dangerous.　　B.Most of them are hardly felt.
C.They are caused by big fires. D.Few of them happen every year.
(　　)12.What does the underlined word “sturdy” probably mean？
A.Soft and light. B.Old and broken.
C.Strong and hard. D.Tall and beautiful.
B
C
(　　)13.新考法·段落大意　What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？
A.The causes of big earthquakes.
B.The harm of strong earthquakes.
C.The ways to put out fires in quakes.
D.The rules of keeping safe in quakes.
B
(　　)14.新考法·区分事实与观点　Which of the following is an opinion according to the text？
A.The shaking can make buildings fall down.
B.Earthquakes happen millions of times a year.
C.Powerful earthquakes can cause great damage.
D.It’s necessary to prepare for earthquakes early.
D
(　　)15.新考法·写作意图　What is the writer’s main purpose of writing the text？
A.To explain how earthquakes form.
B.To share a personal earthquake experience.
C.To call on people to save people from earthquakes.
D.To introduce earthquake knowledge and safety rules.
D
Task 3-语言积累
从上文中找出下列短语
16.___________爆发
17.____________为……做好准备
用上面的短语完成下列句子
18.We should ____________ the safety drill carefully before it starts.
19.If a fire ___________ in the building， we must stay calm and run out in order.
break out
prepare for
prepare for
breaks out
句子仿写
20.If an earthquake happens， try to get to a safe place fast. 如果地震发生，请尽快前往安全地带。
仿写： 如果发生火灾，请尽快离开大楼。
______ a fire happens， ______________________________.
21.Staying calm and smart is the best way to stay safe during a typhoon.保持冷静、理智应对是台风期间保障自身安全的最佳方式。
仿写： 提前做好准备是应对各类自然灾害的最佳方式。
Getting ready ahead of time___________________________ all kinds of natural disasters.
If
try to leave the building quickly
is the best way to deal with

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