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(共39张PPT)
题型一 阅读理解
Text 1(2026 山东)
1.(细节理解)What can students learn about in Football Studies
A.Business and biology. B.Society and the media.
C.Coaching and 3 D design.
2.(细节理解)What do we know about Toy Design
A.It includes engineering.
B.It is for little kids to learn.
C.It will be easy for students.
3.(细节理解)Which degrees require students to learn about chemistry
A.Toy Design and Citrus Studies.
B.Football Studies and Toy Design.
C.Citrus Studies and Bakery Science.
【细节理解类——方法指导】
①关键词定位法:圈画题干中的人名、地名、时间、数字、核心名词等,快速在原文中定位同义/同形词句,锁定答案区间。
②同义替换法:正确选项多为原文的同义改写,如将 not strong enough 替换为 weak, 直接匹配即可。
③干扰项排除法:排除无中生有,如原文中未提及的内容;排除偷换概念,如时间、范围、对象等被窜改;排除绝对表述,如含 only、never、all 等极端词的选项。
④顺序定位法:题目顺序与段落顺序基本一致,可按题号顺序逐段查找,避免重复阅读。
Text 2(2026 山东)
One day, Thando and his family moved from the countryside to the city. He didn’t know if he was going to like life in the city.
Soon it was Thando’s first day at school. The school was much bigger than his old school. “There are too many children,” thought Thando. “And there’s too much noise.”
The first few days passed quickly, and his classmates were all friendly. But Thando felt disappointed because he hadn’t made any friends yet.
Then one day, the teacher organised a game. She hid a treasure box in the classroom. The first person to find it could open it. Everyone ran around the room quickly. Soon, Amahle held up the box and smiled. Everyone else looked sad.
“Can anyone suggest another way to play the game ” asked the teacher after seeing their reaction.
“I can,” said Thando. “You can hide the box again. We all have to hold hands and find the treasure together.”
The game started, and the children walked around the classroom, holding hands and looking for the treasure. Everyone laughed and had fun. When they found the box, they opened it together. Inside they found 20 strips(带状物) of coloured paper.
“Everyone, choose a piece of paper and fold it,” said the teacher. “Now put all your strips of paper together.”
“It’s a paper chain,” laughed Amahle. “Sharing the treasure was a great idea, Thando!”
“My mother always says to me, ‘How can I be happy if someone in my community is sad ’” said Thando.
“That’s wonderful. Remember—we’re all connected,” said the teacher as Thando and his new friends hung the paper chain around the classroom.
1.What happened to Thando during the first few days in his new school
A.He didn’t make any friends. 　　　　　　　　
B.He found his classmates serious.
C.He became disappointed at his grades.
2.What was Thando’s suggestion for the game
A.Amahle should hide the box. 　　　　　　　　
B.The students should work as a team.
C.The teacher should look for the treasure.
3.(推理判断)How might Thando feel at the end of the story
A.Worried. B.Calm. C.Joyful.
【推理判断类——方法指导】
①立足原文原则:推理必须基于原文中明确陈述的细节或事实,切忌脱离
原文和主观臆断。
②逻辑推导法:借助原文中表示因果(because、so等)、转折(but、however
等)、递进(moreover、besides等)等的逻辑词,由已知信息推导出隐含结论。
③作者倾向捕捉法:关注带有情感色彩或评价性的词(如 amazing、
terrible、unfortunately等),判断作者的态度与立场。
④适度推理原则:只做适度推理,不做过度联想;选项若与原文字面意思完全一致,则不属于推理类答案。
⑤绝对表述排除法:直接排除含 only、never、all、absolutely 等极端词的选项,这类表述通常不符合原文逻辑。
⑥主旨导向法:推理需贴合文章主旨,与核心主题相悖的选项可直接排除。
4.(主旨大意)What is the text mainly about
A.What Thando did for the teacher.　　　　　　
B.Why Thando went to a new school.
C.How Thando became part of the class.
【主旨大意类——方法指导】
①主题句定位法:优先锁定文章首段、尾段中的总结句,这类句子常直接点明核心话题。
②高频词提炼法:圈画文章中反复出现的核心名词/话题词,高频词往往是文章主旨的核心载体。
③段落串联法:概括各段大意,将段落核心信息串联起来,提炼出覆盖全文的共同主题。
④反向排除法:排除仅涉及局部细节、片面内容或与主旨无关的选项,缩小范围。
⑤标题适配法:若题目要求选标题,可反向验证:标题需能概括全文,而非只对应某一段落。
⑥写作意图法:结合作者的写作目的(说明、议论等),判断其要传递的核心观点。
Text 3(2026 山东)
Ms Beryl and Layla are great friends. It doesn’t matter that Beryl is 87, and Layla is four. The pair have many interests in common, and they spend a lot of time together. They make drawings, play games, and laugh at each other’s jokes. The two attend an intergenerational preschool called Mother Nurture. It brings society’s oldest and youngest members together in a community.
“At Mother Nurture the kids have someone who can tell great stories, but who also has the time and patience to really listen to them,” says director Penny Livingston. “Many of the children do not have grandparents in the same city, and their friendships with their elderly ‘classmates’ make it possible for them to get along with people at a different stage of life.”
For the elderly, the experience is also rewarding(有益的). The children bring the joy and excitement of youth into their lives, and the time spent with kids improves their health. The elderly report feeling less lonely. Their minds work better, and even their bodies seem to benefit from staying with the children because they move more.
Mother Nurture is just one of many such programmes that have appeared around the world. The programmes work and even the kids’ parents benefit. Many families do not have relatives nearby, and the chance for their children to spend time with a person like a grandmother or grandfather pleases parents.
“We kind of get stuck with people who are the same age as us,” says Maya, a caregiver who has worked at Mother Nurture for three years. “When I see how careful the children are around their older friends, I know they are developing empathy(共情) for people who are different,” she says. “And that is good news for the rest of us since we will all be old one day.”
1.(写作意图)What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To compare two friends in a preschool.
B.To show the importance of the same hobbies.
C.To introduce the programme Mother Nurture.
【写作意图类——方法指导】
①文体锚定法:说明文的目的多为介绍、说明、科普等,议论文的目的多为说服、论证、呼吁等,记叙文的目的多为讲述、分享、启迪等,应用文的目的多为吸引、报道、推广等。
②首尾段锁定法:文章首尾段、段落首尾句常直接点明写作意图,是判断写作意图的核心依据。
③情感词/评价词捕捉法:关注 amazing、terrible、unfortunately、therefore 等带有情感、评价或逻辑倾向的词,判断作者是支持、反对还是客观说明文章主旨。
④高频词导向法:反复出现的核心词/主题词往往指向作者想要强调或传递的核心目的。
⑤反向排除法:排除局部细节,排除无中生有,排除绝对表述,排除偏离文章主旨和与文章核心主题相悖的选项。
2.(代词指代)What does the underlined word “them” in paragraph 2
refer to
A.Many of the children.
B.The elderly classmates.
C.The children’s grandparents.
【代词指示类——方法指导】
①就近向前找:代词一般指代前文出现过的名词/句子,极少往后找。
②数性一致原则:指代对象在单复数、人称、性别上必须和代词完全匹配。
③逻辑通顺验证:把选项代回原句,语义、逻辑合理才是答案。
④排除无关信息:远离代词、与句意无关的名词可直接排除。
⑤句子主干优先:优先找主语、宾语等主要句子成分,不选次要修饰词。
3.What is an advantage of Mother Nurture
A.It lets the kids’ families spend more time with their relatives.
B.It helps the elderly become healthier both in body and mind.
C.It gives the kids more chances to live with their grandparents.
4.What can we infer about Maya
A.She believes being old is good news.
B.She thinks highly of Mother Nurture.
C.She hopes to work for Mother Nurture.
Text 4(2026 北京改编)
While the size of Arctic sea ice has dropped by about 40 percent over 40 years, until recently, the size of the sea ice around Antarctica was slowly increasing. Then, after 2015, Antarctic ice extent(范围) fell from a record high to several record lows, losing an area as large as Greenland.
　　Some research has suggested that higher air temperatures may be the cause. However, two new studies show that ocean warming played a bigger role in this dramatic change. As part of global ocean circulation(全球海洋环流), warm saltwater moves southward from the tropics and circles Antarctica 200 metres below the surface. But temperature and saltiness records of the past 20 years suggest that this warm deep saltwater has been rising towards the surface, where it can melt(融化) sea ice.
　　Antarctica is encircled by a belt of strong winds and storms. Climate change has pushed this storm belt southward, bringing more rain and snow into the sea ice area, according to a study by Earle Wilson and other researchers at Stanford University. The rain and snow create a layer(层) of fresh surface water that better protects the bottom of the sea ice from warm deep saltwater, allowing it to grow to its 2014 record high. But the same southward-moving storm belt also brings stronger winds. These winds blow surface water and ice forward. As this happens, warm deep saltwater rises up to fill the empty space.
　　Between 2014 and 2016, this wind-driven rising began to get the upper hand against the protective layer of increased rain and snow, and sea ice began to melt away. When the researchers input the recorded ocean data(数据) into a computer model, it projected that sea ice would grow and then become smaller, as it did in the real world.
　　The researchers plan to study and model other things, which also likely play roles throughout Antarctica. Examples include changes in sea ice movement and increases in ocean mixing resulting from more storms. By studying the ocean data, they hope to build a model to project changes in Antarctic sea ice in the years to come.
1.【新趋势·以图示文】 Which of the following best shows the Antarctic sea ice changes around 2015
2.【新趋势·信息排序】 In which order are the following events discussed in paragraph 3
①Warm deep saltwater rises to the surface.
②A layer of fresh surface water is created.
③Surface water and ice are blown forward.
④More rain and snow are brought into the sea ice area.
A.②④①③ B.②④③① C.④②③①
3.【新趋势·最佳标题】 What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Where Is Antarctic Sea Ice Loss Taking Us
B.Is This the Cause of Antarctic Sea Ice Loss
C.Will a New Model Explain Antarctic Sea Ice Melting
【解析】
1.根据第一段可知,南极海冰在2015年前缓慢增加,之后急剧下降。由此可推知,图表应呈现先升后降的趋势。
2.根据第三段可知,首先更多雨雪被带到海冰区,即④;雨雪形成表层淡水层, 即②;随后强风推动表层海水和海冰前移,即③;最后温暖的深层海水上涌至海面,即①。正确顺序为④②③①。
3.通读全文可知,全文围绕“南极海冰消融的真正原因”展开,先提出现象,然后逐步分析了海洋、风暴、风力对南极海冰消融的影响。由此可推知,B选项最适合作为文章标题。
“Why is the sky blue ” “Why do we add sugar to food ” “Why… ”
Everyone knew 10-year-old Ananya as “the question girl”.
“Ananya, stop asking so many questions!” her teacher Mrs Sharma would say. “Just accept things as they are,” her grandmother told her. “She talks too much,” her classmates avoided her.
Ananya felt lonely. Maybe everyone was right. Maybe asking questions was bad. But Ananya couldn’t help it. She wanted to understand everything.
Text 5(2026 河南改编)
One day, Mr Patel, a new science teacher, joined their school. In his first class, Ananya raised her hand, “Why do birds fly south ” The class complained(抱怨), “Not again!” But Mr Patel smiled, “That’s an excellent question! Who else wants to know why ” Ananya blinked(眨眼) in surprise. No teacher had ever said that before!
After class, Mr Patel called Ananya aside. “Don’t ever stop asking questions,” he said. “Do you know what scientists do all day They ask ‘why’. Every scientist was once a curious child.” For the first time, Ananya didn’t feel annoyed(烦恼的). She felt special.
Mr Patel taught Ananya to find answers herself. “When you have a question, first try to find the answer. Read books. Watch carefully. Then, if you still don’t understand, ask.”
Ananya started visiting the library. She read books about science and nature. She started a “Question Notebook”.
Her questions became better. Instead of “Why is the sky blue ” she asked “Why does the sky’s colour change during sunrise ” Teachers noticed Ananya’s questions now sparked interesting discussions.
When Ananya was twelve, she had a question: “Why do some street dogs sleep on the road at night ” She studied that for three months. Then she created a project showing temperature differences. It won first prize at school, then district, then national level!
Today, Ananya is 24 and studies environmental science. She still asks “why” all the time. She visits schools, talking to children. “Never let anyone make you feel bad for being curious,” she tells them.
1.【新趋势·词义推测】 What does the underlined word “curious”
mean in paragraph 6
A.Dealing with danger with courage.　　　　　
B.Showing a sense of humour.
C.Wanting to know about something.
2.What did Mr Patel do to help Ananya
A.He taught her some social skills.
B.He encouraged her to ask wisely.
C.He bought a lot of books for her.
3.【新趋势·句子还原】 Which of the following can be put in 　　#　　
A.How I became a good student
B.Why I had to take notes
C.Where I found the real answer
4. What can be learned from the story
A.Every question is a door opening.
B.Many hands make light work.
C.Actions speak louder than words.

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