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(共34张PPT)
Key question
沪教牛津版九年级上册
Unit 7
Reading Mark Twain
Grammar
主题范畴：人与社会
How can we appreciate Mark Twain’s works
In this part, you will:
know the use of the relative pronouns (who, that and which).
make sentences using relative clauses with who, that and which.
have a general idea of relative clauses.
ask and answer questions to identify a literary character in a guessing game.
I'm the only person that can do it right.
the only person
唯一的人
We use relative clauses (定语从句) to give information about people and things we are talking about.
我是唯一一个能把这事做好的人。
Translate the phrase and the sentence below into Chinese.
We use adjectives to describe someone or something.
定语从句
Relative clauses
* 定语从句概述
* who、that、which引导的定语从句的用法
* 使用定语从句时的注意事项
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a novel which was written by Mark Twain.
This novel may be the one that impresses young readers the most. The main
character of the novel is a boy called Tom Sawyer. Tom's parents died when
he was little, and the person who looked after Tom was his aunt Polly. Tom
thought his life was boring, and he dreamt of going out on an adventure. Robin
Hood was the hero that Tom looked up to the most, and Tom wanted to be just
like him.
Read the passage below. What do the words in bold refer to
Ⅰ. 定语从句概述
1. which → refers to a novel (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)
2. that → refers to the novel (The Adventures of Tom Sawyer)
3. who → refers to the person (his aunt Polly)
4. that → refers to the hero (Robin Hood)
P105
The Adventures of Tom Sawyer is a novel which was written by Mark Twain.
This novel may be the one that impresses young readers the most. The main
character of the novel is a boy called Tom Sawyer. Tom's parents died when
he was little, and the person who looked after Tom was his aunt Polly. Tom
thought his life was boring, and he dreamt of going out on an adventure. Robin
Hood was the hero that Tom looked up to the most, and Tom wanted to be just
like him.
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词，常见的关系词有which，that，who。
Ⅱ. who、that、which引导的定语从句的用法
1. who引导的定语从句
① The woman who is standing over there is my mother.
那个站在那边的女人是我妈妈。
② He is the man (who) I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
who指人。
指人
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
指人
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
who在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
whom引导的定语从句
① The girl (whom/who) I saw yesterday is a singer.
我昨天见到的那个女孩是个歌手。
② The teacher for whom you are waiting is coming.
你等的那位老师来了。
whom指人。

指人
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
指人
在从句中作宾语。
介词提前，
whom不能省略，不能用who代替。
whom仅作宾语，可与who互换，但更正式。
若介词提前至关系词前，则必须用whom （不可用who）。
① The boy to whom you just talked is John.
② The boy who/whom you just talked to is John.
③ The boy to who you just talked is John.
( )
( )
( )
T
T
F
The boy who you just talked to is John.
The boy to whom you just talked is John.
更常见
更正式，但较少使用。
① This is the student whose bike was broken last week.
这就是上周自行车坏了的那个学生。
② We want a room whose window looks out over the
sea.
我们想要一个窗户朝向大海的房间。
whose可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作定语。
* whose引导的定语从句
（whose指人，相当于the student's）
（whose指物，相当于the room's）
① A plane is a machine that can fly.
飞机是一种能飞的机器。
② We need a person that is right for the job.
我们需要一个适合这个工作的人。
that既可以指物，也可以指人。
③ The lessons (that) he taught were not easily forgotten.
他教的课不容易忘记。
2. that引导的定语从句
指物
指人
指物
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
that在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。
3. which引导的定语从句
① Look at the birds which are flying.
看看那些在飞的鸟。
② The story (which) he told was very interesting.
他讲的故事很有趣。
which指物。
③ The building in which Mary studied was very old.
玛丽曾经就读的那栋楼房十分老旧。
指物
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
指物
在从句中作宾语，可省略
指物
在从句中作宾语。
介词提前，which不能省略。
which在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时可以省略。（放在介词后除外）
Let's sum up the rule!
Relative clauses about people start with who or that.
Relative clauses about things start with which or that.
Look!
We can use that to replace who and which in relative clauses like those above. However, who and which are more common in written English, while that is more often used in speech.
We can leave out who, which or that in a relative clause when it is
the object of the verb in the clause.
The book (which /that) he likes most is The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
The writer (who / that) he likes most is Mark Twain.
关系代词
先行词（人/事物）
在从句中的作用
who
whom
that
which
人、事物
事物
人
人
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
主语、宾语
宾语
只用that不用which/who的情况
先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词。
I am sure she has something that you can borrow.
先行词被all, little, much, every, no 等修饰。
I've read all the books that are not mine.
先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book that he has read.
先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰。
This is the very(正是的，恰好的) book that I need to buy.
先行词是人和物的组合。
They talked for an hour about things and persons
that they remembered in the school.
若主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时，为了避免重复，引导词不能再用who, which，而用that。
Which of the books that you borrowed from the library is the most interesting
只用which不用that的情况
关系代词前有介词且指事物时
The earth on which we live is a planet.
先行词本身就是that时
I don't like that which makes me sad.
只用who不用that的情况
先行词是指人的不定代词，如：one, ones, anyone, no one等和those时。
① Anyone who laughs last laughs best.
② One who does not work hard will never
succeed.
在there be结构中，先行词指人时。
There is a young man who wants to see your father.
以下部分为课本练习，供老师在对答案时
选择使用。
1 Underline the relative clause in each sentence. Then draw
an arrow to show the person or thing that the relative clause
describes.
(1) The novel which the story came from was The Adventures of
Tom Sawyer.
(2) The person who wrote the novel was Mark Twain.
(3) The stories that were written by Mark Twain are often funny.
(4) Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is another famous novel which
Mark Twain wrote.
(5)The only friend that Jim had was Huckleberry Finn.
P105
2 Here is another story from The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
Complete the story with who, that, which or /.
P105
who/that
who/that
that/which/不填
that/which
that/which
Grammar in use
3 Play a guessing game in pairs. One thinks of a character from a
famous literary (adj. 文学的) work. The other asks questions to
identify the name of the character.
P105
S1: Is this person someone who / that ...
S2: No. / Yes.
直击中考
I. 填空。
1. A smile is the best thing a person can wear. That is because
people like to make friends with a person ____________ is
smiling and happy. 【2025山西卷】
who / that
2. In 1940 , Ruan Ruoshan and Li Lin __________ were from
the first branch of the Chinese People's Anti-Japanese War
University were asked to create a song to praise Yimeng
people. 【2025临沂卷】
who / that
2. A true friend is a person ______ can help you
when you are in trouble. 【2024甘肃临夏州】
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
3. Tea is the leaf of a plant _______ grows widely in
China, Japan and other countries. 【2024湖南郴州】
A. what B. who C. that
II. 单项选择。
1. It's hard to say goodbye to the teachers ______
have spent the past three years with us. 【2025成都】
A. which B. who C. what
4. - I’ll never forget the experiences ______ we had in the
volunteer work last summer.
- Me too. The 3 days were meaningful and full of fun.
【2024四川乐山】
A. when B. who C. that
5. - What kind of movies do you like best
- I like the movies _______ make me feel happy and
relaxed. 【2024四川遂宁】
A. what B. which C. who D. /
定语从句
先行词是人
先行词是物
who/that
(在从句中作主语或宾语)
whom
(在从句中作宾语，若介词提前
至关系词前，则必须用whom )
which/that
(在从句中作主语或宾语，关
系代词前有介词且指事物时要
用which)
注意：不管定语从句修饰的是人还是物，如果关系词在从句
中作宾语，通常可以省略（放在介词后除外）。
关系词
注: 另附word文档，点击此处链接
Ⅰ. 根据句意，用who、which或that填空，使句子完整。
1. A true friend is a person __________ can help you when you are in trouble.
2. I will never forget the day __________ I spent in the Science Museum.
3. The burglar told the police everything __________ he knew about the case.
4. Frank enjoys eating the vegetables __________ are planted on his uncle's farm.
5. The jacket __________ cost Jenny over five hundred yuan looks good on her.
who / that
that / which
that
that / which
that / which
1. I want to give away the clothes. The clothes are small for me.
I want to give away the clothes ________________________.　　　　　　
2. Do you know the man The man is sitting by the window.
Do you know the man ______________________________
3. I can't find the eraser. I bought the eraser yesterday.
I can't find the eraser ____________________________.
4. Here is a photo of the boy. I helped the boy on the street.
Here is a photo of the boy _____________________________
___________.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
which/that are small for me
who / that is sitting by the window
(which / that) I bought yesterday
(who / whom / that) I helped on the street
Ⅱ. 将下列句子合并为含有定语从句的复合句。
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思，完成英语句子。每空词数不限。
1. 你认识正在打电话的那名男子吗？
Do you know the man _________________________
2. 我妈妈很少买昂贵的衣服。
My mother seldom buys clothes _______________________.
3. 这里有一些我昨天参观的博物馆的照片。
Here are some photos of the museum __________________ 　　　
_______________.　　　　　　　　　　　
4. 他希望有一天能住在一个大而舒适的房子里。
He hopes to live in a house ________________________ 　　　　　　　
_____________ some day.
comfortable
who / that is making a call
which / that are expensive
yesterday
(which / that) I visited
which / that is big and
1. Do you have a general idea of relative clauses
2. Do you know the uses of relative pronouns
(who, that and which)
3. Can you make sentences correctly using relative
clauses with who, that or which
4. Can you ask questions to guess the character's
name
You must do:
1. Write down the conversation you made in Exercise 3.
2. Review what we’ve learnt about relative clauses.
You choose to do:
Read and find more relative clauses in the book The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php
让备课更有效
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Thanks!

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