资源简介

(共27张PPT)
Section B 1a-1f
通过本节课的学习，同学们将能：
1. 读懂说明文，梳理段落主旨、代词指代信息和造纸流程；运用被动语态复述造纸过程。
2. 了解中国古代四大发明之一的造纸术及其对世界文明的影响，增强民族自豪感与文化自信；体会“从想法到现实”的创新精神，理解发明创造对人类进步的推动作用。
3. 通过段落匹配、代词指代分析，训练文本逻辑与细节推理能力；通过对比蔡伦前后书写材料的差异，发展对比分析与批判性思维。
4. 掌握说明文阅读策略：预测主旨、定位细节、梳理流
程；通过小组合作完成信息梳理、流程复述等任务，
提升合作学习能力。
What’s this
What material is it made of
Paper, wood, cloth, bamboo and so on.
It is a paper lantern.
We use paper every day! We write, read, and even carry things with it. But do you know Thousands of years ago, people didn’t have this easy paper.
Lead in
Do you know who invented paper in ancient China
Yes, Cai Lun! He lived in the Eastern Han Dynasty. But before him, people used many different materials to write on. Can you guess what they were
animal bones
bronze ware
paper towels
bamboo slips
silk
…
Lead in
Today we will learn the passage An Invention That Changed the World. We will learn about the story of Cai Lun and his papermaking technology, and find out how a great idea turned into an invention that changed the whole world.
1a
What material are these things made of Find more things that are made of this material.
Pre-reading
Look at the pictures and think about the question:
The bag is made of paper. The book is made of paper.
They are made of paper.
···
What material are these things made of
Find more things that are made of this material.
Work in pairs and list as many things as you can.
Work in pairs
newspaper
magazine
card
paper cup
…
We use paper every day. But do you know how paper was invented 2,000 years ago, people didn’t have easy paper like this. Let’s learn about the man who changed the world with his invention.
paper towel
Representatives from each group share the new words and add them to the class word web.
Skimming
Skim the text in 1b and answer the following questions.
1. What is the main idea of the passage ( )
A. To tell us how Cai Lun became a famous inventor in the Eastern Han Dynasty.
B. To introduce different materials that people used to write on in ancient China.
C. To explain how papermaking was invented by Cai Lun and how it changed the world.
D. To compare the differences between early paper and modern paper in history.
2. What type of writing is the passage ( )
A. A narrative(记叙文)．
B. A descriptive essay(描写文)．
C. An expository text(说明文)．
D. An argumentative essay(议论文)．
C
C
While-reading
3. This passage is most probably from a ________. ( )
A. history textbook
B. fashion magazine
C. storybook for kids
D. sports newspaper
4. What is the structure of the passage ( )
A. Introduction → Background → Invention Process → Influence
B. Problem → Solution → Conclusion
C. Cause→ Effect
D. Comparison → Contrast → Conclusion
A
A
1. Read the first sentence of each paragraph.
2. Look for time words and sequence words, such as: first, then, next, after that, finally, later
3. Put the events in the right order to understand the whole story.
Tips
1b
Read the text and match each paragraph with its topic.
An Invention That Changed the World
Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.
In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on, such as animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, and even silk. In the Western Han Dynasty, there was also a very early form of paper made from jute—a fibre that comes from plants. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store, or very expensive.
As the head officer of the palace workshop for the emperor in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. Different methods for creating something to write on were tried, but none were ideal. In his time, some kinds of bark—the outer part of trees—were used to make clothes. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable to write on.
In the first step of Cai Lun’s experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.
To everyone’s surprise, this paper was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, cheap. In 105 CE, Cai Lun showed his creation to the emperor. The emperor was very pleased and praised Cai Lun for his great work.
Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. It first spread to China’s neighbouring countries and finally reached Europe through Arab countries in the 12th century. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books. This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.
Paragraph 1 A. Early materials to write on
Paragraph 2 B. Cai Lun’s experiment
Paragraph 3 C. Introduction to the topic
Paragraph 4 D. How paper changed the world
Paragraph 5 E. Cai Lun’s creative idea
说明文常见的结构
一、总分总：开头点题，中间分述，结尾呼应主题。
1. 文章首尾段都会围绕同一核心话题展开，中间段落提供具体细节或分论点。
2. 阅读技巧：重点读首段和尾段，快速抓取文章核心主题。
二、递进式/时间顺序：按事情发展、时间先后一步步写，逻辑连贯
1. 文章按照事件发生的先后顺序或步骤推进，适合介绍过程、历史事件或事物发展。
2. 阅读技巧：找表示顺序的词：first, then, next, finally, later。
三、问题—解决型：先提出问题，再给出解决方法
1. 文章先说明某个现象或问题，再分析原因并提出解决方案，常见于科普、技术类文本。
2. 阅读技巧：找表示问题和解决的词：problem, solve, because, so, as a result, develop。
阅读小贴士：
1. 抓首尾定主题：读说明文时，先看标题和首尾段，快速抓住文章核心话题。
2. 抓段首明主旨：找段落的首句和尾句，判断每一段的核心内容，理清文章逻辑顺序。
3. 抓词链理逻辑：遇到表示顺序、因果或转折的词,用圈画的方式标记,帮助梳理文章结构。
1c
Find out what these pronouns from the text refer to.
It in Paragraph 1: _____________________________
It in Paragraph 5: _____________________________
it in Paragraph 5: __________________________________
This in Paragraph 5: ________________________________
Understanding reference words
Noticing what pronouns refer to will help you understand how different parts of the reading are connected.
papermaking
the papermaking technique
the use of paper and printing together
a rapid increase in the number of books
1d
Read again and complete the table.
Question Material to write on before Cai Lun Cai Lun’s paper
What was it like
What was used to make it
Difficult to use and store, or very expensive
Soft, light, easy to make and use, and cheap
Animal bones, bronze ware, stones, wood, bamboo, silk, and jute
Some kinds of bark,
certain plants, and old clothes
1e
Put the sentences in order. Then retell the process of making paper in your own words.
A. The material was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water.
B. All the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.
C. The fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.
D. The liquid was poured over a bamboo screen,leaving just the fibre.
2
1
4
3
First, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.
Then, this mixture was beaten, cut up, and mixed with water again.
Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre.
Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper.
Detailed Reading
1. What is the purpose of Paragraph 1 ( )
A. To introduce papermaking’s importance.
B. To talk about problems with early writing materials.
C. To describe how Cai Lun made paper.
D. To explain how paper spread worldwide.
2. What is the main problem with the early writing materials mentioned in Paragraph 2 ( )
A. They were all made of plants.
B. They were either hard to use and store, or too expensive.
C. They were only used by rich people.
D. They were not beautiful enough to write on.
3. What is the main idea of Paragraph 3 ( )
A. Cai Lun’s palace job.
B. Difficulties in making new writing materials.
C. How Cai Lun got the idea for paper.
D. Why people used bark for clothes.
Read the text again carefully and choose the correct answers.
A
B
C
4. According to Paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT an advantage of Cai Lun’s paper ( )
A. It was soft and light.
B. It was easy to make and use.
C. It was very cheap.
D. It could be used to make clothes.
5. What is the topic of Paragraph 5 ( )
A. How paper changed the world.
B. The emperor’s praise for Cai Lun.
C. How printing was invented in China.
D. The problems with early paper.
D
A
1f
Discuss the questions.
1. What other ancient Chinese inventions do you know How was the world changed by them
Post-reading
We learned about papermaking today. It is one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China. Now work in pairs to discuss the following questions.
I know the compass and printing.
The compass helped people find directions when they traveled.
Printing made books cheaper and easier to get, so more people could learn.
I think a great inventor must be：
creative(always thinking of new ideas),
hard-working(never giving up), and careful(paying attention to details).
2.What qualities do you think a great inventor has
Assessment（评价量表） 评价维度 评价标准（星级★） 评分
语言表达 表达清楚，语法无误 ★★★★★
内容要点 答全 2 个问题，要点完整 ★★★
文化理解 实例来自学习生活，能支撑观点 ★★
优秀：9-10★ 良好：6-8★ 合格：3-5★ 待改进：0-2★ Language points
1. responsible adj. 有责任的；作为原因的
原文再现：It, more than any other invention, was responsible for the rapid spread of information that shaped our modern world.造纸术这一发明，比其他任何发明都更有力地推动了信息的迅速传播，而这种传播塑造了我们现代世界的格局。
be responsible for sth 对······负责任；造成/引起/导致某事
e.g. He is responsible for our class.他负责管理我们班级。
e.g. Smoking is responsible for many illnesses.吸烟会导致许多疾病。
【对点练习】
1. 大雨导致了交通问题。
The heavy rain __________ ______________ _________ the traffic problems.
2. Carelessness is ______________ (responsibility) for mistakes.
was responsible for
responsible
2. suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的
原文再现：..., and old clothes could be used to make a special material suitable for writing on.······，以及旧衣物可以被用来制作成一种适合书写的特殊材料。
核心搭配：(1) be suitable for sth. 适合某事/某物
e.g. This book is suitable for middle school students.这本书适合中学生。
(2) be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事
e.g. The room is suitable to live in.这个房间适合居住。
【对点练习】
1. 这种纸适合书写。
This kind of paper is __________ __________ __________ on.
2. 这个计划不适合我们。
This plan is not __________ __________ us.
suitable to write
suitable for
3. Later on, the papermaking technique not only speeded up the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world.后来，造纸技术不仅加速了中国文化的发展，也改变了世界各地的文明。
(1) later on介词短语，意为“后来；其后”，在句中作时间状语，常放句首或句末，用逗号隔开。
e.g. I will tell you the result later on.我稍后会告诉你结果。
(2) speed up 动词短语，意为“(使)加速；加快；促进”。
结构：speed up＋名词或speed sth. up
e.g. We can speed our work up if we help each other.＝If we help each other, we can speed up our work.如果我们互相帮助，就能加快工作速度。
【对点练习】
1. 后来，他学会了造纸。
__________ __________, he learned to make paper.
2. 电脑加快了信息传播。
Computers ________________ __________ the spread of information.
Later on
speed/speeded up
4. lead to 导致；造成
原文再现：When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it led to a rapid increase in the number of books.在之后的数个世纪里，纸张与印刷术的结合使用带来了书籍数量的迅猛增长。
同义短语：result in， be responsible for。
lead to＋名词/代词/动名词，主语可以是：事物、行为、习惯、决定等。
e.g. Hard work leads to success.努力造就成功。
e.g. Staying up late often leads to feeling tired the next day.熬夜通常会导致第二天感觉很累。
【对点练习】
1. 这个计划导致了巨大的变化。
This plan ___________ ___________ great changes.
2. Bad habits can lead to ___________ (be) ill.
led to
being
/resulted in
5. result in 导致；造成
原文再现：This resulted in a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.这促成了知识的全新诞生，造就了我们今天所拥有的世界。
同义短语：lead to， be responsible for。
用法：result in＋名词/代词/动名词(doing)，主语通常是事件、行为、做法，宾语是结果。
e.g. His carelessness resulted in the accident.他的粗心造成了这次事故。
e.g. Smoking can result in getting ill.吸烟会导致生病。
【对点练习】
1. 噪声会导致失眠。
Noise can ___________ ___________ losing sleep.
2. Laziness can result in ___________ (fail) the exam.
failing
result in
/lead to
Exercises
一、用所给词的适当形式填空
1. The ____________ (create) of paper helped knowledge spread quickly.
2. The ____________ (rapid) development of technology changed our lives.
3. This material is ____________ (suit) for making paper.
4. We should face the ____________ (real) bravely.
5. He is ____________ (responsibility) for this plan.
6. ____________ (certainly) animals can’t live without water.
creation
rapid
suitable
reality
responsible
Certain
二、根据汉语意思完成句子
1. 压力太大常会引发焦虑。
Too much stress ____________ often _____________ ____________ worry.
2. 古代人们在青铜器上刻字。
People carved words on ____________ ____________ in ancient times.
3. 这种材料适合造纸。
This material is ____________ ____________ making paper.
4. 后来，造纸术传到了阿拉伯国家。
____________ ____________, papermaking spread to Arabic countries.
5. 新技术加速了文化的发展。
New technology ____________ ____________ the development of culture.
6. 勤奋终将造就成功。
Hard work will finally ____________ ____________ success.
is responsible for
bronze ware
suitable for
Later on
speeded up
lead to
/result in
/speeds
1. 用英语写出蔡伦造纸的 4 个步骤，每个步骤用被动语态（如：First, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water.）。
2. 查找蔡伦造纸术对欧洲文艺复兴的影响，用 3-5 句话写出你的发现，下节课分享。
Thanks

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