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非谓语动词
The Non-finite Verb
非谓语动词概况
01
（一）定义
在句中充当除_______以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当________，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有______和_______的变化。
（二）形式
非谓语动词有_______、_________和_________三种形式。
谓语
谓语
时态
语态
to do
doing
done
一、非谓语动词概况
时态形式 时间概念 主动式 被动式 意义
不定式 一般式 发生在谓语动______ 表____________表____________
完成式 发生在谓语动______
进行式 与谓语动__________
V-ing 形式 一般式 与谓语动__________ 表____________表____________
完成式 发生在谓语动______
过去分词 一般式 发生在谓语动______ 表____________表____________
类别
形式
否定式：以上形式前加 _____, 如：not to do, not doing, not to be done, not having done.
not
to do
doing
done
目的
将来
现在
主动
过去
被动
之后
之前
同时发生
几乎同时
之前
之前
to have done
to be doing
having done
to be done
to have been done
being done
having been done
学会判断何时使用非谓语动词
1）The girl _______ (dance) in the classroom now.
2）The girl _______ (dance) in the classroom now and she looks very confident.
3）The girl who________(dance) in the classroom now looks very confident.
4) The girl ________ (dance) in the classroom now looks very confident.
is dancing
is dancing
is dancing
dancing
→ 总结：
★ 一个句子中已经存在一个________, 又没有_______的情况下，另一个动词需要用_____________。
谓语动词
连词
非谓语动词
考点分析
02
考点一：非谓语动词作主语
（通常为doing或to do形式）
（一）to do、doing 作主语的区别：
用法 例句
to do 表示具体的某次的动作或将来的动作 To wash the curtains is your task today.
doing 多指抽象的、一般性的行为 Playing with fire is dangerous.
1. It is/was no use/good/ doing sth. (it作形式主语）
It is no use _______ (cry) over the spilt milk.
2. It is (well) worth doing sth.
It is worth ________ (make) an appointment before you go.
（二）下列句型中常用doing作主语
（三）下列句型中常用to do作主语
1. It is + 形容词/名词 + for/of sb. to do sth. 对某人来说做某事……
It is impossible for us ________ (get) there on time.
It is very kind of you ________ (help) us.
It is our duty ________ (take) good care of the old.
2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. 某人花费时间做某事
It took us two hours __________ (finish) the job.
crying
making
to get
to help
to take
to finish
考点二：非谓语动词作表语
（to do、doing、done均可作表语）
（一）to do、doing 作表语的区别：
用法 例句
to do 表示具体的某次的动作或将来的动作 Your task today is to wash the curtains.
doing 多指抽象的、一般性的行为 His favorite sport is swimming.
（二）doing和done作表语的区别（多为表示心理状态的动词）
用法 例句
doing 多指（物）“令人……的” The film is exciting.
done 多指（人）“感到……的” He was excited about the news.
1. It’s difficult __________ (learn) a foreign language well.
2. It is no use __________ (argue) with him about this matter.
3. It is an honor for me _________ (be) your English teacher.
4. __________ (read) English is much easier than speaking it.
5. It took us two hours__________ (walk) across the forest.
u 考点专练：
to learn
arguing
to be
Reading
to walk
1. My wish is _______ (be) an artist when I grow up.
2. Your task today is _______ (clean) all the rooms in this flat.
3. The film shown in the cinema last night was _______ (excite), we all felt very ______ (excite).
4. He said his favorite hobby is _______ (play) basketball.
u 考点专练：
to be
to clean
exciting
excited
playing
考点三：非谓语动词作宾语
（通常为to do或doing作宾语）
（一）只接to do作宾语的动词
同意提供做计划，
要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，
敢于选择有希望。
不能假装付得起，
设法学会不想要。
agree
offer
intend
plan
demand
ask
promise
help
prepare
decide
determine
refuse
dare
choose
hope
wish
expect
long
fail
pretend
afford
manage
learn
want
（二）只接doing作宾语的动词或短语
分类记忆1：
建议抵制享受—— (_______, ______；______；_______)
考虑承认冒险—— (_________；_________；________)
避免推迟练习—— (________；________；________)
期待成功完成—— (___________；__________ _______)
分类记忆2：
想象逃避被阻止—— (_________, ________, _________)
保持欣赏不错过—— (______, __________, _________)
suggest
advise
resist
enjoy
consider
admit
risk
avoid
delay
practice
look forward to
succeed in
finish
imagine
escape
prevent
keep
appreciate
miss
分类记忆3：（介词 + doing）
can’t help (情不自禁), feel like, succeed in, be fond of, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of , take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, be worth, be busy, lead to, look forward to, devote to, pay attention to, stick to, object to, addict to, get down to...
（三）既可接to do，又可接doing作宾语的动词
意义相同：begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer
意义不同：stop, forget, remember, mean, try, regret
stop
to do: 停下来去做另一件事
doing: 停止正在做的事情
forget
to do: 忘记去做某事
doing: 忘记做过某事
remember
to do: 记得要做未发生的事
doing: 记得已经做过的事
mean
to do: 打算做某事
doing: 意味着……
try
to do: 尽力去做某事
doing: 尝试做某事
1. They wanted ________ (get) on the bus, didn’t they
2. I like _________(sing) ; but I don’t like ________ (sing) now.
3. Can you finish ________ (read) the book in three days
4. He told a lie to escape ______________(punish).
5. He had promised ________ ( give ) me a hand.
6. He was criticized for _________ (break) the school rules again and again.
u 考点专练：
to get
singing
to sing
reading
being punished
to give
breaking
考点四：非谓语动词作宾补
（一）用to do和do作宾补的动词：
1. 以下动词用________作宾补：
ask, beg, expect, order, tell, want, wish, encourage, advise, force, persuade, warn, permit, allow...
2. 以下动词用_______作宾补：
feel, hear, listen to, have, let, make, see, watch, notice, observe
(一感二听三让四看)
to do
do
（二）特殊单词特殊记
1. see/hear sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事
see/hear sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事
see/hear sth. done 看见某事被做
1) I heard her _______ (sing) an English song just now.
2) I heard her _______ (sing) an English song when I passed
by her room yesterday.
3) I’d like to see the plan _______ (carry) out as soon as possible.
sing
singing
carried
2. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
make sth./oneself done 让……被做
1) He made his workers_______ (work) 12 hours a day.
2) He tried to make himself__________ (understand).
work
understood
3. have sb/sth. do sth. 让……做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth. 让……一直做某事
won’t/can’t have sb. doing sth. 不能容忍某人做某事
have sth. done 让某事被做；使……遭受……
have sth. to do 有某事要去做
1) I will have someone_______ (repair) the bike for you.
2) They had the machine _______ (work) all day long.
3) We won’ t have him _______ (treat) his parents in such a rude way.
4) Tom had his leg ________ (break) while playing football.
5) Hurry up! You have a lot of homework ________ (do) tonight.
repair
working
treating
broken
to do
4. get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事
get sth. done 让某事被做
1) He got me ________ (post) the letter for him.
2) I’ ll get my bike __________ (repair) tomorrow.
5. keep sb./sth. doing sth. 使某人/物一直做某事
keep sth. done 使某事被做
1) I’m sorry to keep you ________ (wait) for so long.
2) He keeps his book ________ (pile) neatly in the bookshelf.
to post
repaired
waiting
piled
1. Look! Can you see someone _______ (dance) in the square
2. It’s too hot today. Why not have your coat ________ (take) off
3. If you want to make yourself ________ (understand), you should speak loudly and clearly.
4. Do you have anything ________(say) for yourself
5. We encourage all members __________(strive) for the highest standards.
u 考点专练：
dancing
taken
understood
to say
to strive
考点五：非谓语动词作定语
（一）不定式做定语
1.由the only, the first, the last, the next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰
的名词,常用不定式作定语。
1) Marie Curie was the first person in the world ___________ (receive) two
Nobel Prizes.
2) The best way __________ (keep) fit is to develop healthy eating habits.
2. 当修饰词是ability, way, chance, attempt, plan, failure, decision等名词时（他们的同源动词或形容词常跟to do做宾语），常用不定式作定语。
1) Three years later he had a chance __________ (go) to Australia.
2) He failed in his attempt __________(escape) from prison.
to receive
to keep
to go
to escape
（二）现在分词和过去分词做定语
现在分词和过去分词也可以做定语，它们的区别是：现在分词一般表_______、表_______；过去分词一般表_______、表_______。
1) The room ________ (face) south is our classroom．
2) The man ________ (talk) to Tim is his uncle.
3) Have you read the novel _________ (write) by Dickens
现在
主动
过去
被动
facing
talking
written
1.The man ________(wear) glasses is Zhong Nanshan.
2. The _______ (walk) stick is very helpful to the old man.
3. Prices of daily goods ________ (buy) through a computer can be lower than those in the store.
4. The building ________ (build) now will be a children’s hospital.
5. The building ________ (build) last year is now in use.
6. The building ________ (build) next month will be a children’s hospital.
u 考点专练：
wearing
walking
bought
being built
built
to be built
考点六：非谓语动词作状语
（一）to do、doing、done作状语的区别：
to do 表目的 She got up very early (in order) to catch up the first bus.
表结果（出乎意料的结果） I rushed to the airport, only to find that John had gone.
doing 表伴随 The secretary worked late into night, preparing a long speech.
表结果（自然而然的结果） It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that place.
表现在、表主动 Working hard, you’ll make rapid progress in your English learning.
done 表被动、表完成 Seen from the hill, the park seems more beautiful.
（二）特殊的非谓语动词短语
Generally speaking 一般来说
Time/weather permitting 时间/天气允许的话
Judging from/ by…根据…判断
Based on... 根据……；基于……
Taking …into account/consideration 考虑到
Considering…. 考虑到，鉴于
Given sth 假如，如果；鉴于，考虑到
Given that…假如，如果；鉴于，考虑到
Thank you for
your listening!

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