资源简介

(共21张PPT)
句子成分
与基本句型
句子成分
主要成分
次要成分
主语 S subject
谓语 V verb
宾语 O object
表语 P predicative
定语 At attributive
状语 Ad adverbial
补足语 C complement 宾补OC
同位语 Ap appositive
eg. I saw my best friend Tom running in the gym yesterday.
↓
主语
↓
谓语
↓
定语
↓
宾语
↓
同位语
↓
宾补
↓
状语
（1）Lucy is playing the piano.
（2）She works hard every day.
（3）Who knows the answer .
（4）To see is to believe.
（5）Exercising is good for our health.
（6）What he said is true.
动作的发出者，执行动作的主体。
一般位于____________。
主语 Subject
句首
名词
代词
疑问代词
不定式
动名词
主语从句
（1）He has a best friend.
（2）Her name is Tina.
（3）She looked after her little brother yesterday.
（4）I will watch the movie.
（5）You can do it if you try hard.
（6）My homework was finished.
说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征，由动词或动词短语充当，
一般位于主语_______。有时态语态人称等特征。
谓语 Predicate
之后
单个实义动词
系动词
动词短语
助动词+动词原形
情态动词+动词原形
被动语态
动作的对象或承受者，位于谓语动词或介词________。
宾语 Object
（1）Show your passport, please.
（2）She didn't say anything.
（3）We often help her.
（4）She likes to go shopping.
（5）We enjoy listening to the music.
（6）Did you write down what he said
名词
之后
动宾
介宾
不定代词
人称代词
不定式
宾语从句
动名词
表语 Predicative
说明主语的身份、特征或状态，位于系动词后。
系动词 + 形容词 构成“系表”结构。
系动词分类 1. 状态 be动词（am/is/are）
2. 感官 look, taste, feel, smell, sound
3. 变化 grow, go, get, become, turn,fall,come
4. 持续 keep, stay, remain,stand
5. 证明 prove，turn out
6. 好像 seem, appear
(1) It sounds interesting!
(2) Mary seems very sad.
(3) The flower is beautiful.
(4) The weather has turned cold.
(5) He always keeps silent in public.
(6) His hobby is playing football.
(7) The truth is that practice makes perfect.
找出表语，并判断其由什么充当
形容词
动名词
表语从句
定语 Attribute
(1) He is a clever boy.
(2) They are women workers.
(3) His spoken language is good.
(4) He bought some sleeping pills.
(5) I have something to do.
(6) Anyone who wants to join us is welcome.
修饰名词或代词， 译为”... 的”。
如果定语是一个单词时，通常要前置；
如果定语是一个词组或一个句子时，通常后置。
注意：当定语修饰不定代词 nothing、anything、everything、something等时，
定语放在不定代词后面。
形容词
名词
过去分词 speak spoke spoken
动名词
不定式
定语从句
(1) I'm very/really pleased to write to you. He runs quickly.
(2) When I grow up, I want to be a teacher.
(3) I returned home, happy but tired.
(4) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.
(5) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.
(6) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.
(7) I can’t go to your party because my mother is ill.
(8) She works very hard though she is old.
(9) I will go there if it doesn’t rain.
状语 Adverbial modifier
用来修饰动词, 形容词, 副词或整个句子。
说明动作的时间、地点、方式、因果、条件、让步、方向、程度、目的等。
副词 表程度
时间状语
方式状语
伴随状语
目的状语
结果状语
原因状语
让步状语
条件状语
(1) He made the boy cry.
(2) We call Li Hua monitor.
(3) Let the fresh air in.
(4) We found everything in the lab in good order.
(5) You must keep your room clean.
(6) My mom asked me to go home.
(7) We saw her entering the room.
补足语(补语) Object Complement
补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征。
动词
名词
介词
介词短语
形容词
不定式短语
现在分词
（1）Jack, my friend, is kind and patient.
（2）My hometown, Chongqing, is extremely beautiful.
（3）We Chinese people are brave and hard-working.
（4）The news that he won the first prize is true.
同位语 Appositive
解释说明句子中的某个名词或代词，与该成分在语法上处于同等地位。
同位语从句
句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句
主语 表示句子说的是什么人或什么 事 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 We study in No.11 Middle
School.
谓语 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 动词或动词词组 She is dancing under the tree.
宾语 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English.
表语 与连系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 同主语 Her father is a doctor.
His words sound reasonable.
定语 用来修饰名词或代词 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have eight lessons every day.
状语 修饰动词，形容词，副词或句子表示动作发生的时间，地点，原因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句 子 He works very hard.
They held a party in Hollywood.
补语 补足主语和宾语的意义 形容词，名词，介词 短语等 She always keeps the house
clean.
同位语 在名词或代词之后，对前者加以说明的成分 名词 My hometown, Chongqing, is very beautiful.
主谓是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！
八种基本句型
1. 主语 + 谓语 （S+V）vi.
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语（S+V+O）vt.
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （S+L+P）link verb
4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 （S+V+IO+DO）vt.
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）vt.
6. 主语 + 谓语 + 状语（S+V+Ad）vi.
7. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 状语（S+V+O+Ad）vt.
8. there be 句型 There be + 主语 + 其他
1. 主语 + 谓语 （S+V）
（1）vi.不及物动词 (+介词+宾语)
（2）无被动语态
这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词（短语），其后面不能直接跟宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词（短语）有：rise, come, go, take place, come true等。
Class begins.
The sun is rising.
He came early.
2. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 （S+V+O）
（1）Vt.直接跟宾语
（2）有被动语态
该句型中的动词（短语）都是及物动词
She likes English.
You must listen to me.
He was reading an English book.
3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （S+L+P）
谓语动词都是系动词，说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份。
后面常跟形容词作表语。
The man is tall and strong.
You look beautiful.
He seems very sad.
He went mad.
My answer turned out right.
谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。且两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。常跟双宾语的动词有：
give, send, show, tell, lend, pass, hand, write, offer, bring + to
buy, make, cook, find, get + for
eg. give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
I bought John a birthday gift.
I bought a birthday gift for John.
My mother gave the boy a piece of cake.
My mother gave a piece of cake to the boy.
4. 主语 + 谓语 + 间接宾语(人) + 直接宾语 (物) (S+V+IO+DO) 间人直物
5. 主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）
虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整意思，
必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。
I found this book easy.
My teacher made me monitor.
I heard him playing the piano.
He had his bike repaired.
6. 主语 + 谓语 + 状语（S+V+Ad）
The time passed quickly.
They talked for half an hour.
7. 主语 + 谓语 +宾语+ 状语（S+V+O+Ad）
I waited for him at the school gate.
I had my first maths class in senior high.
8. There be 句型，意为“有……” 就近原则
There is a piano in my room.
There are fifty students in our class.
There is one teacher and fifty students in our class.
There are fifty students and one teacher in our class.
写出下列句子的基本句型
(1) The bread tastes delicious.
(2) I will play soccer in the playground.
(3) He bought me a birthday present.
(4) I could not make him change his mind.
(5) We finished our homework.
(6) He got up very late.
(7) There is some milk in the bottle.
(8) The boy cried.
主语 + 系动词 + 表语
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +状语
主语 + 谓语 + 间宾 + 直宾
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 +宾补
主语 + 谓语 + 宾语
主语 + 谓语 +状语
there be 句型
主语 + 谓语
谢谢
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