高考定语从句:关系词相亲大会(考点全覆盖趣味版)课件

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

高考定语从句:关系词相亲大会(考点全覆盖趣味版)课件

资源简介

(共22张PPT)
高考英语 · 定语从句专题 · 趣味课件
关系词相亲大会
The Relative Clause Dating Show
who · whom · whose · which · that · when · where · why
8 位关系词嘉宾,谁才是先行词的那一位真命天子?
高一语法趣味课件 · 配套高考考点全覆盖
第一章 · 开场 · 两个单身句怎么牵线?
两个简单句,为什么要"合并成家"?
单身句 A
He is a man.
+
单身句 B
He has blond hair.
→
牵手成功 · 复合句
He is a man who has blond hair.
句子 B 里的 He 就是句子 A 里的 a man——同一个人,出现了两次太啰嗦。
用 who 把 B 句里的 He 替换掉,两个句子就"合并成家":从句开始描述那位 a man。
第一章 · 开场 · 相亲规则先搞清楚
谁是"主角"?谁是"介绍人"?
先行词 Antecedent
被定语从句修饰的
名词或代词。
它就是相亲台上的"主角",
后面的从句都在描述它。
关系词 Relative
像"介绍人",一头连着主句,
一头钻进从句。
它必须代替先行词,
在从句里担任某个成分。
定语从句 Clause
介绍人带来的
"对象介绍信息"。
相当于形容词,
用来限定那位主角。
例句拆解
The boy who is standing there is my brother.
先行词 = The boy | 关系词 = who(在从句中作主语) | 定语从句 = who is standing there
第二章 · 嘉宾阵容 · 8 位关系词嘉宾集体亮相
今晚登场的 8 位关系词嘉宾
关系代词组 · 5 位
who 专找"人",在从句里当主语
whom 也找"人",在从句里当宾语
whose 表"……的",人、物都能找
which 只找"物",主语宾语都行
that 百搭款,人、物、主宾全接
关系副词组 · 3 位
when 时间先生,找 time / day / year
where 地点小姐,找 place / city / room
why 原因先生,只找 reason
分组逻辑一句话
代词组在从句里当 主语/宾语/定语;
副词组在从句里当 状语(时间/地点/原因)。
接下来逐一看每位嘉宾的"择偶条件"——它能匹配什么样的先行词?在从句里又担任什么角色?
嘉宾 01 / 08 · 关系代词组
who
—— 只找"人"的那位嘉宾
择偶条件
· 先行词:必须是人
· 在从句中担任:主语
· 能否省略:不能省
· 补充:口语中作宾语时也可用,
  但正式书面语应用 whom。
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 作主语
The girl who is standing under the tree is my cousin.
CASE 02 · 作主语(高考高频)
Students who work hard will pass the exam.
记忆点:who = 那个"他/她",在从句里当主语,不能省。
嘉宾 02 / 08 · 关系代词组
whom
—— who 的"宾格版",也只找"人"
择偶条件
· 先行词:必须是人
· 在从句中担任:宾语(动宾/介宾)
· 能否省略:可省
· 高考红线:介词紧接其后时,
  必须用 whom,不能用 who。
  例:for whom / to whom / with whom
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 动词宾语(可省)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in Room 3.
CASE 02 · 介词 + whom(高考必考点)
The man to whom I spoke just now is our headmaster.
记忆点:whom = 那个"他/她"被动作对象;介词一站出来,whom 就不能换成 who。
嘉宾 03 / 08 · 关系代词组
whose
—— 表"……的",人、物都能找
择偶条件
· 先行词:人或物都行
· 在从句中担任:定语
· 含义:"……的"(所属关系)
· 后必须紧跟一个名词。
· 高考红线:没有 whose's 这种写法。
  它本身就是所有格,不能再加 's。
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 指人(whose mother = 那个女孩的妈妈)
The girl whose mother is a doctor studies very hard.
CASE 02 · 指物(whose window = 那栋房子的窗户)
The house whose window is broken has been repaired.
记忆点:whose 后面一定跟名词,看到"先行词 + 名词"之间空着,先想 whose。
嘉宾 04 / 08 · 关系代词组
which
—— 只找"物",不找"人"
择偶条件
· 先行词:必须是物(动物/物品/事)
· 在从句中担任:主语或宾语
· 作主语:不可省
· 作宾语:可省
· 高考红线:逗号后(非限制性)
  或介词后,只能用 which,不能用 that。
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 作主语(不可省)
The book which is lying on the desk is mine.
CASE 02 · 作宾语(可省)
The film which we saw last night was moving.
记忆点:which 只配物;逗号后、介词后,非它不可。
嘉宾 05 / 08 · 关系代词组
that
—— 百搭款,人、物都能接
择偶条件
· 先行词:人或物都行
· 在从句中担任:主语或宾语
· 作主语:不可省
· 作宾语:可省
· 高考红线:that 不能用于
  逗号后(非限制性)和介词后。
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 作主语,指人
The man that is speaking now is our headmaster.
CASE 02 · 作宾语,指物(可省)
The letter that I received was from my parents.
记忆点:that 是"万金油",但它不能出现在逗号后,也不能紧跟在介词后面。
嘉宾 06 / 08 · 关系副词组
when
—— 时间先生,只找"时间"
择偶条件
· 先行词:时间名词
  day / year / time / moment / morning…
· 在从句中担任:时间状语
· 相当于:介词 + which
  when = on which / in which / at which
· 高考红线:时间名词先行,
  从句若缺主/宾语,仍用 which / that。
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 表时间状语(= on which)
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.
对比:先行词是 day,但从句缺宾语 → 用 which
I will never forget the days which we spent together.
记忆点:when 只在从句"作时间状语"时用;从句本身缺主语或宾语,再时间也得用 which。
嘉宾 07 / 08 · 关系副词组
where
—— 地点小姐,只找"地点"
择偶条件
· 先行词:地点名词
  place / city / room / house / school…
· 在从句中担任:地点状语
· 相当于:介词 + which
  where = in which / at which / to which
· 高考红线:地点名词先行,
  从句若缺主/宾语,仍用 which / that。
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 表地点状语(= in which)
This is the school where I studied ten years ago.
对比:先行词是 school,但从句缺宾语 → 用 which
This is the school which we visited yesterday.
记忆点:where 只在从句"缺地点状语"时用;visit/build/leave 这种及物动词,后面必须接 which。
嘉宾 08 / 08 · 关系副词组
why
—— 原因先生,只找 reason
择偶条件
· 先行词:只有 reason(唯一)
· 在从句中担任:原因状语
· 相当于:for which
· 高考红线:the reason 后面从句
  若缺主语或宾语,用 that / which,
  或直接省略,不用 why。
配对成功示范
CASE 01 · 表原因状语(= for which)
Tell me the reason why you were late this morning.
对比:reason 后从句缺宾语 → 用 that / which
The reason that he gave us was hard to believe.
记忆点:why 最挑——只找 reason;且从句必须是完整句子(不缺主宾),它才上岗。
第三章 · 配对规则 · 高考最核心的一步
拿到空格先问:从句到底缺什么?
三步判断法:① 找先行词 → ② 代回从句 → ③ 看从句缺什么成分
情况 A:从句缺主语 / 宾语
→ 选关系代词:
who / whom / whose / which / that
关系词本身要在从句里"干活"。
情况 B:从句主谓宾已完整
→ 选关系副词:
when / where / why
关系词只在从句里"当地点/时间/原因状语"。
对比例句
I still remember the day when I first came.(came 不及物,从句完整) | I still remember the day which I spent.(spent 缺宾语)
第三章 · 特殊席位 · that 的"专属包间"
这些情况下,只能用 that,不能用 which / who
① 先行词被最高级 / 序数词修饰
This is the best film that I have ever seen.
② 先行词是 all / everything / nothing / much 等
Everything that he said is true.
③ 先行词被 the very / the only / the same 修饰
This is the very book that I am looking for.
④ 先行词既有人又有物
We talked about the people and things that we remembered.
⑤ 主句是以 who / which 开头的疑问句
Who is the man that is standing by the door
记忆口诀:最高级、序数词、
不定代词、the very / only、人+物、who 问句,
——这六种情况,that 是唯一选择。
反过来说:逗号后(非限制性)、介词后,that 就被"赶出门",只能用 which / who / whom。
第三章 · 特殊席位 · which / who 的"自由席位"
这两种场合,that 被"请出去"
① 非限制性定语从句(有逗号)
逗号后,指人用 who / whom,指物用 which。
that 不能出现。
 
Mr. Smith, who is our teacher, is from Canada.
 
The house, which we bought last year, is very nice.
 
特别注意:which 还能指代整个主句。
He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.
② 介词 + 关系代词
介词提前到关系词前时:
指人用 介词 + whom,
指物用 介词 + which。
 
This is the question about which we have discussed.
 
He is a man on whom I can rely.
 
不能说:about that / on that。
一句话记牢:逗号后、介词后,that 都不能上;指人 who/whom,指物 which。
第三章 · 特殊嘉宾 · as 先生
as 不只是"当……时",它也是关系词
① 固定搭配:such / the same… as
先行词被 such / the same / so / as 修饰时,
关系词用 as,它在从句中作主/宾语。
 
Such books as he wrote are popular.
 
I have the same book as you have.
 
辨析:such…as(定语从句,as 作成分)
   such…that(结果状语从句,that 不作成分)
② as 引导非限制性从句
as 指代整个主句,位置灵活:
句首、句中、句末都能放。
 
As is known to all, China is a great country.
 
He is from the south, as we can see from his accent.
 
高频写作句型:
as is reported / as we all know / as has been said above
一句话:看到 such / the same / so…,先想 as;句首逗号后出现"正如……",也是 as。
第三章 · 隐藏嘉宾 · 介词 + 关系代词
关系副词其实是"介词 + which"的伪装
等价关系(高考常考互换)
when = 介词 + which(时间)
where = 介词 + which(地点)
why = for which(原因)
介词怎么选?看固定搭配
live in the room → in which
rely on sb → on whom
talk about sth → about which
配对示范
The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now a museum.
= The house where Lu Xun once lived…
The man with whom I shook hands is our new boss.
= The man (who/whom/that) I shook hands with…
注意:介词一旦提前,关系词只能用 which / whom,不能用 that。
介词的选择只看一处:从句里的动词 / 形容词和谁搭配。
第四章 · 翻车现场 · 高考高频错题预警
这 4 种错,年年都有人犯
翻车 01 · 造出了不存在的 whose's
× The house whose's window is broken…
√ The house whose window is broken…
翻车 02 · 逗号后还敢用 that
× I like the book, that is very interesting.
√ I like the book, which is very interesting.
翻车 03 · 介词后面还塞 that
× This is the house about that we are talking.
√ This is the house about which we are talking.
翻车 04 · 看到 days 就选 when
× I remember the days when I spent there.(spent 缺宾语)
√ I remember the days which / that I spent there.
自查清单:① whose 后直接加名词,不加 's;② 逗号后、介词后,that 永远不上;
③ 时间/地点/原因先行,必须先看从句缺不缺主宾。
第四章 · 关键区别 · 有没有逗号,意思完全不同
限制性 = 锁定范围,非限制性 = 补充说明
对比项 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
逗号 无逗号 有逗号隔开
能否用 that 可以(作宾语可省) 不能,只能用 which / who / whom
作用 限定范围,去掉后意思不完整 补充说明,去掉后主句仍完整
翻译 "……的"(前置定语) 另起一句,顺译
She has a brother who is a doctor. 她有个当医生的兄弟(暗示可能还有其他兄弟)。
She has a brother, who is a doctor. 她有一个兄弟,顺带说他是医生(只有一个兄弟)。
终章 · 终极配对 · 高考真题风格 10 连练
你能帮这些先行词找到真命嘉宾吗?
1. The girl ______ is standing under the tree is my cousin.
2. This is the best film ______ I have ever seen.
3. I still remember the day ______ I first came to this school.
4. The house ______ window is broken has been repaired.
5. The man to ______ you spoke just now is our headmaster.
6. He has two sons, ______ are doctors.
7. Such books ______ he wrote are popular with students.
8. We talked about the people and things ______ we remembered.
9. I will never forget the days ______ we spent together.
10. ______ is known to all, China is a great country.
做完再翻下一页对答案——先把每空的"先行词 + 从句缺什么成分"写在旁边。
终章 · 参考答案与解析
对一对:你配对成功了几对?
1. who / that the girl 指人,从句缺主语。
2. that 先行词被最高级 the best 修饰,只能用 that。
3. when the day,从句主谓完整,缺时间状语。
4. whose 后接名词 window,表所属。
5. whom 介词 to 后指人,只能用 whom。
6. who 逗号后非限制性,指人,从句缺主语。
7. as such…as 固定搭配,as 作 wrote 的宾语。
8. that 先行词既有人又有物,只能用 that。
9. which / that / 省略 spent 缺宾语,先行词是 days。
10. As 句首,as 指代整个主句,意为"正如"。
错题不用慌——回到对应嘉宾那一页,再看一遍"择偶条件"。
THE FINALE · 相亲大会圆满结束
定语从句里没有凭感觉的爱情,
只有"成分匹配"的婚姻。
拿到空格先做三步:
① 找先行词 ② 代回从句 ③ 看从句缺什么成分。
缺主/宾/定语 → 关系代词;缺时间/地点/原因状语 → 关系副词。

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览