人教版九年级英语下册Unit3 Section A Grammar Focus(4a-4c)教学设计

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人教版九年级英语下册Unit3 Section A Grammar Focus(4a-4c)教学设计

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人教版九年级英语下册Unit3 A Taste of Art
Section A Grammar Focus教学设计
课程基本信息
学科 英语 年级 九年级 学期 春季
课题 Unit 3 A Taste of Art Lesson 4 Section A Grammar Focus — 不定式上岗记·博物馆志愿讲解员的语法培训
教学目标
1.语言能力:能在4a四个例句中找出动词不定式,并按“作宾语(O)/作状语(A)/作宾语补足语(OC)”准确标注,能说出判断依据(to do 前面是及物动词、动词+sb,还是表目的的句末成分)。 2.语言能力:能在4b五句纠错中补出或调整缺失的 to,掌握 tell / ask / expect sb (not) to do 与 “to do / in order to do” 表目的的固定形式,并用一句话说明错因。 3.语言能力:能完成4c青花瓷短文的八空,做到“先判断空格在句中作什么成分,再定形式”,正确写出 to hear、to wash、to be、to understand、to achieve 五个不定式,同时兼顾主谓一致(shine、stands)与过去分词(known)。 4.思维品质:能归纳并复述“一找 to do、二看前词、三用‘为了’替换检验”的三步判定路径,并用它给同类新句归类,形成可迁移的语法判断流程。 5.学习能力与文化意识:能借助4d句式写出两至三句“我为艺术做一件事”的英文宣言并在班内分享,把“艺术品的美”与“看展的规则”联系起来,回应单元大问题 “Why do we need art?”。
教学内容
本课时为Unit 3 A Taste of Art 的语法课时(教材第25页 Grammar Focus 4a—4c),单元语法目标为 “use infinitives to discuss art”,本课即专项落实动词不定式。 4a是“辨认与归类”:给出四个句子,要求先画出不定式,再标注其句中作用。四句答案呈现三类成分——① What time do you want to meet (to meet 作 want 的宾语,O);② I expect her to enjoy it.(to enjoy 作宾语补足语,OC,her 是宾语);③ They used their art to express their feelings. 与 ④ Qi Baishi only used a few simple brushstrokes to draw the shrimps.(to express / to draw 作目的状语,A)。四句内容全部取自本单元 Section A 的看画、约展、评画语境,语法与话题不脱节。 4b是“纠错”:五句都丢了 to 或把 to 放错了位置——told the lady not take → not to take(否定词放 to 前);rushed back to the lab get → to get(目的状语不可省 to);plans go on a diet → plans to go(plan to do);expect you knock → expect you to knock;ask you model → ask you to model。五题集中指向中国学生最常见的两处漏洞:汉语没有 to,写作时容易漏;否定不定式容易写成 not do。 4c是“语篇填空”:一篇介绍2017年10月一件中国瓷碗以3800万美元成交的青花瓷短文,八个空依次为 to hear(was shocked to hear,原因状语)、to wash(made to wash brushes in,制作用来洗笔)、to be(is thought to be,主语补足语)、to understand(the only way to understand,定语)、shine(lines 作先行词的定语从句谓语,复数)、to achieve(failed to achieve,fail to do)、known(is commonly known as "china”,过去分词)、stands(china 不可数作主语,谓语用单数)。八空中五个是不定式,三个不是——这正是本课最值得讲的地方:不能见动词就填 to do,要先看空格在句中作什么。 语篇本身承载本单元的文化内容:porcelain、brush、broken ice、artistic quality、be known as、stand out、a place in people’s hearts,把“中国瓷器凭什么被世界记住”讲得清楚,可为后面的写作与项目活动积累素材。 本课语言重点:不定式作宾语、状语、宾语补足语三类核心成分(4a要求掌握);定语、主语补足语、原因状语三类扩展位置(4c中出现,只要求认得出);tell / ask / expect sb (not) to do 的固定搭配;in order to do 与 so as to do 表目的;使役动词 make sb do 与被动 be made to do 的 to 的取舍。 育人层面:从“讲解员要守规矩”到“瓷器因美而被记住”,引导学生理解规则与美并不矛盾,愿意做艺术的欣赏者与守护者;同时用英语说清“中国瓷器为什么了不起”,增强文化自信。
教学过程
时间 学生学习活动(【师】为教师操作提示) 活动设计意图
5分钟 【师】以“博物馆志愿讲解员上岗培训”开场,出示三句广播:Welcome to the art museum. We need volunteers to help visitors. / Please remember to keep your voice down. / Come to the front desk to get your badge. 提问:三句里有什么共同的“小尾巴”? 1.学生听三句、跟读,圈出 to help、to keep、to get,说出它们都是“to + 动词原形”。 2.学生把三句译成中文,发现中文里没有 to,却有“来/为了/要”的意思,说出自己的观察:英语靠 to 标明“要做的事”。 3.学生补一句自己的“上岗要求”(如 Remember to bring your badge.),全班快速接龙。 用与单元主题一致的博物馆情境开场,三句都是真实工作用语,学生一听就懂“to do 是句子里那个‘要做的事’”。 汉英对照让学生自己发现“汉语靠语序、英语靠 to”,为后面“to 不能丢”埋下伏笔。 接龙造句门槛低,保证每人都开口,5分钟内进入语法观察状态。
12分钟 【师】出示4a四句,给三步任务:①画出 to do;②看 to 前面是什么词;③贴上 O/A/OC 标签。 1.学生独立完成标注,小组核对,全班汇报: ① want to meet → O(to meet 是 want 的宾语,回答“想做什么”); ② expect her to enjoy it → OC(her 是宾语,to enjoy 说明 her 要做什么); ③ used their art to express their feelings → A(表目的:为了表达感情); ④ used a few simple brushstrokes to draw the shrimps → A. 2.学生用“为了……”替换检验第③④句(They used their art in order to express their feelings. ),再拿第①②句试,发现换不进去,从而确认“能换成 in order to 的是状语”。 3.学生把三步判定抄成口诀:一找 to do,二看前词(及物动词→宾语;动词+sb→宾补;句末表目的→状语),三用“为了”检验。 4.学力较强的学生完成“拓展一栏”:4c 中的 the only way to understand(定语)、is thought to be(主补)、was shocked to hear(原因状语),只要求认得出、说得出位置。 4a是本课的地基,必须让学生自己动手标注而不由教师报答案;小组核对能让“凭感觉”变成“凭依据”。 “为了”替换是可操作的检验工具,学生手里有了工具,判断就不再靠猜。 把三类核心成分与三类扩展位置分开要求,避免一节课塞进六种成分、样样夹生。
11分钟 【师】创设“实习讲解员的广播稿抄错了”情境,出示4b五句,要求:改对,并用一句话说错因。 1.学生逐句修改并说明: ① told the lady not take photos → not to take(否定不定式,not 放 to 前); ② rushed back to the lab get his laptop → to get(目的状语,to 不能省); ③ plans go on a diet → plans to go(plan to do sth); ④ expect you knock on the door → expect you to knock(expect sb to do sth); ⑤ ask you model for my painting → ask you to model(ask sb to do sth). 2.学生两人一组做“错因归类”:把五句分到“漏了 to”“否定位置错”两类,并各补一个自己曾写错的例子。 3.学生跟读改后五句,注意 not to take、to knock、to model 的连读。 4.【师】追问:make sb do 为什么没有 to?学生答出“使役、感官动词后省 to”,教师补一句“变被动要还原:be made to do”,并当场与4c的 made to wash 对上。 五句错例全部来自中国学生的真实高频错误,改一遍等于防一遍。 “错因归类”比“报答案”更能留下痕迹,学生下次落笔时会想起“我属于哪一类错”。 把省 to 与还原 to 放在这里讲,正好为4c的 made to wash 做铺垫,语法点前后咬合。
10分钟 【师】出示4c青花瓷短文,提出“两问法”:这一格在句中作什么?据此该用什么形式? 1.学生先通读全文,说出短文讲了什么(一件中国瓷碗凭什么特别),再动笔填空。 2.学生逐空作答并说明依据: ① was shocked to hear(听到……而震惊,原因状语);② made to wash brushes in(制作用来洗笔);③ is thought to be(被认为古老稀有,主补);④ the only way to understand(唯一的方法,定语);⑤ that shine(先行词 lines 为复数,定语从句谓语);⑥ failed to achieve(fail to do);⑦ is commonly known as(be known as);⑧ china stands out(china 不可数,谓语用单数)。 3.学生把八空分成两堆:五个 to do、三个非 to do(shine、known、stands),并说明后三空的判断依据(是谓语或过去分词,不是不定式)。 4.学生齐读全文,译出结尾句 Fine art always has a place in people’s hearts.并说一句自己的理解。 4c的难点不在 to do 本身,而在“见动词就填 to do”的惯性;先问“这一格作什么”,才能把⑤⑧两个陷阱挡住。 把八空分成两堆,是让学生看见“同一道题里混着两种考法”,这正是中考语篇填空的常态。 短文内容与本单元“艺术为何被需要”直接相关,读懂了,语法课也带上了文化分量。
7分钟 【师】出示4d四个半句,要求:补全后至少两句用上不同成分的不定式。 1.学生独立补全: ① I think people create art to ______.(状语) ② Art museums are built to ______.(状语) ③ In the future, I expect artists to ______.(宾补) ④ I prefer artists who try to ______.(宾语) 2.同桌交换朗读,互相圈出对方用了哪几种成分的不定式。 3.三名学生上台分享自己最有画面感的一句,全班投票选出“最打动人的宣言”。 4.学生与本课开头三句广播对照,小结:to do 可以用来“说目的、说期待、说要做的事”,并复述三步判定与两个易错(not to do、省 to 与还原 to)。 4d是全课唯一的自由产出,四句分别锁定状语、状语、宾补、宾语,保证学生“换着成分用一遍”。 互圈成分,让评价看得见、可核对,避免只说“写得好”。 用“宣言”收口,把语法练习变成有态度的一句话,也为单元写作任务留下素材。
课后 作业(分层,任选一层完成,下一层可作挑战) 1.基础层:用四种不同成分的不定式各写一句(宾语、状语、宾语补足语、定语),内容围绕看展、画画或博物馆,句后标注成分。 2.提升层:把4c短文缩写成五句“展签解说词”,至少用三个不定式,并保留 porcelain、artistic quality、stand out 三个词。 3.拓展层:以 “Why do we need art ” 为题写 5—6 句短文,至少用两个不定式(一个表目的、一个作宾补),可引用4c中你最喜欢的一句。 要求:所写句子须语法正确、意思清楚;不使用课本以外的画家生平等未经核实的信息。 三层作业对应“单句—语篇—表达”三级台阶,不同水平的学生都有可完成的一层。 “标注成分”让作业可自检,也方便教师快速看出学生是否真会判断。 “不使用未经核实的信息”是硬要求,防止为凑字数编造画家资料。
教学练习题目与参考答案(4a—4c)
【4a】划出不定式并标注成分
Read the sentences. Underline the infinitives. Then write O for object, A for adverbial, or OC for object complement.
1. What time do you want to meet
2. Ella really likes Chinese paintings, so I expect her to enjoy it.
3. They used their art to express their feelings.
4. Qi Baishi only used a few simple brushstrokes to draw the shrimps.
参考答案:
1. want to meet → O(to meet 作 want 的宾语)
2. expect her to enjoy it → OC(to enjoy 作宾语补足语,her 是宾语)
3. used their art to express their feelings → A(to express 作目的状语)
4. used a few simple brushstrokes to draw the shrimps → A(to draw 作目的状语)
解析:判断的关键不是“to do 长什么样”,而是“to do 前面是什么词”。第1句 want 后直接接 to do,说明“想做的事”,作宾语;第2句 expect 后先有宾语 her,再有 to do,to do 补充说明 her 要做什么,作宾语补足语;第3、4句 to do 在句末,可换成 in order to 且句意不变(They used their art in order to express their feelings.),作目的状语。教师可让学生用“为了……”翻译第3、4句、再翻译第1、2句,凭语感验证分类。
【4b】改错:补出或调整 to
题目:Correct the sentences. Add to where it is missing.
1. The museum volunteer told the lady not take photos here.
2. The professor rushed back to the lab get his laptop.
3. In order to keep healthy, he plans go on a diet.
4. I expect you knock on the door before you come in.
5. Could I ask you model for my painting
参考答案:
1. The museum volunteer told the lady not to take photos here.
2. The professor rushed back to the lab to get his laptop.
3. In order to keep healthy, he plans to go on a diet.
4. I expect you to knock on the door before you come in.
5. Could I ask you to model for my painting
解析:五题两类错。第1题是“否定位置”:否定不定式要写成 not to do,不能写成 not do,not 必须放在 to 前面。第2—5题是“漏 to”:tell / ask / expect sb to do sth、plan to do sth 都是固定形式;第2题 to get 表目的,也不能省。可补一条对比:make sb do sth 中 to 要省(主动),但变成被动须还原为 be made to do sth,与4c中 “made to wash brushes in” 相互印证。
【4c】青花瓷短文填空
题目:Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
In October 2017, the world was shocked ___(hear) that a Chinese porcelain bowl was sold in Hong Kong SAR, China for $38 million. The bowl was small and made ___(wash) brushes in. What made it so special
Of course, the bowl is thought ___(be) very old and rare. But the only way ___(understand) its value is to look at its beauty. The bowl has small lines on it that ___(shine) like broken ice and remind people of snow and winter. Many artists over the centuries have tried and failed ___(achieve) this effect.
Chinese porcelain is commonly ___(know) in other countries as "china". For centuries, it has been admired around the world for its artistic quality. All cultures have their creations, but China ___(stand) out for its great beauty. Fine art always has a place in people’s hearts.
参考答案:
1. to hear 2. to wash 3. to be 4. to understand 5. shine 6. to achieve 7. known 8. stands
解析(逐空说明):
1. was shocked to hear:be shocked to do sth,不定式说明“因何而震惊”,作原因状语。
2. made to wash brushes in:这只碗“被制作用来洗笔”,不定式表用途/目的;注意这里是 make 的被动结构,to 必须还原。
3. is thought to be:be thought to be“被认为……”,不定式作主语补足语。
4. the only way to understand:名词 way 后用不定式作定语,“了解它价值的唯一途径”。
5. shine:that 引导定语从句修饰 lines,先行词为复数,谓语用原形 shine,与后面的 remind 并列;此空不是不定式。
6. failed to achieve:fail to do sth“未能做到”,不定式作宾语。
7. known:be commonly known as“通常被称为”,用过去分词,不填 to know;此空也不是不定式。
8. stands:china 在此指瓷器,为不可数名词,谓语用第三人称单数;此空是主谓一致,不是不定式。
易错提醒:⑤⑦⑧三空若一律填 to do,全错。做此类题应先问“这一格在句中作什么成分”,再看括号里词的适当形式。
【4d】补全句子并分享
题目:Complete the sentences with your own ideas. Then share them in class.
1. I think people create art to ______.
2. Art museums are built to ______.
3. In the future, I expect artists to ______.
4. I prefer artists who try to ______.
参考答案(示例,答案不唯一):
1. I think people create art to express their feelings and record the world they see.(to express 作目的状语)
2. Art museums are built to keep great works safe and to let more people enjoy them.(to keep / to let 作目的状语)
3. In the future, I expect artists to use new technology to create new kinds of art.(to use 作宾语补足语)
4. I prefer artists who try to show the Chinese spirit in their works.(to show 作 try 的宾语)
解析:四句分别锁定状语(1、2)宾语补足语(3)、宾语(4),正好把本课三类核心成分各用一遍。评分可看三点:句子语法是否正确(尤其 to 是否齐全、否定是否为 not to do)、成分是否用对、内容是否与艺术或博物馆相关。第4句含 who 引导的定语从句,学力较弱的学生可改为 I prefer artists who try to paint real life. 降低难度。
附录一 不定式成分三步判定表(供板书与课后整理)
句中成分 to do 前面的词 本课例证
宾语(O) 及物动词(want / plan / try / fail / hope / expect 等) What time do you want to meet / He plans to go on a diet / failed to achieve
宾语补足语(OC) 动词 + 宾语(tell / ask / expect / want sb) I expect her to enjoy it. / ask you to model / expect you to knock
状语(A) 句末或句首,可换成 in order to used their art to express their feelings / rushed back to the lab to get his laptop
定语(扩展) 名词(way / chance / right / time) The only way to understand its value
主语补足语(扩展) 被动结构(be thought / be said / be known) The bowl is thought to be very old and rare.
原因状语(扩展) 表情绪的形容词(shocked / glad / sorry) The world was shocked to hear the news.
附录二 本课易错清单(建议抄进语法笔记本)
1.否定不定式写 not to do,不写 not do:told the lady not to take photos。
2.tell / ask / expect / want sb to do sth 中的 to 不能丢,汉语没有 to,落笔时要专门检查一遍。
3.表目的可用 to do 或 in order to do;in order to 与to do 都可以置于句首表目的。
4.使役动词 make / let / have sb do sth 主动省 to,变被动要还原:be made to do sth。
5.the only way to do sth、have no time to do sth 中的 to do 作定语,不能换成 doing。
6.看到括号里的动词先别写 to do:先判断该格是谓语、定语还是不定式;⑤⑦⑧三空分别考定语从句谓语、过去分词与主谓一致。

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