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连词
表示并 列关系 and“和;又;而”,也可表示顺承或递进关系 如:My brother likes watching TV and I like reading.我的弟弟喜欢看电视,而我喜欢读书。
both…and…“两者都……”,连接两个并列主语时谓语动词用复数形式 如:Both my father and my mother are doctors. 我的父亲和母亲都是医生。
neither…nor…“既不……也不……”,连接两个并列主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则” 如:Neither I nor Tony has seen the play before.我和Tony以前都没有看过这部戏剧。
not only…but also…“不仅……而且……”,连接两个并列主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则” 如:Not only you but also everyone here likes watching football matches.不仅是你,这里的每一个人都喜欢看足球比赛。
表示转 折关系 but“但是” 如:My father made a promise but he didn’t keep it.我父亲作出了承诺,但没有遵守。
while“而;然而” 如:Laura likes dancing while Linda doesn’t like it. Laura喜欢跳舞,而Linda不喜欢跳舞。
yet“但是;然而” 如:We have studied English for ten years, yet we can’t speak it well.我们学习英语已经十年了,然而我们却讲不好英语。
表示选 择关系 or“或者;否则” 如:Do you want to go to the zoo or the museum 你想要去动物园还是博物馆 Work hard, or you’ll fail in your exams. 努力学习,否则你会考试不及格。
either…or…“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”,连接两个并列主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则” 如:Either you or I am right. 不是你对,就是我对。
not…but…“不是……而是……”,连接两个并列主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则” 如:Not they but he is good at swimming. 不是他们而是他擅长游泳。
表示因 果关系 so“因此,所以” 如:It was late, so I went home. 很晚了,所以我就回家了。
for“因为”,用来补充说明理由,语气很弱 如:The shop near our school is new, for it opened yesterday.我们学校附近的那家商店很新,因为它昨天才开业。
引导 时间 状语 从句 when 在……时候 表示某时刻或一段时间,若从句用一般过去时,则主句用过去的某种时态;从句可以用延续性动词,也可以用短暂性动词 如:It was raining hard when we got to school yesterday. 我们昨天到学校的时候,雨下得很大。
while 与……同时; 当……的时候 表示一段持续的时间,谓语动词必须是延续性动词,且常用进行时 如:Mother was cooking the meal while I was doing my homework. 我正在做作业的时候,妈妈在做饭。
as 当……时;随着 表示一件事情在发生,另一件事情也在同时发生;常用于一般过去时 如:As Bob got off the bus, he said“goodbye”to the bus driver. Bob下车时,他对公交车司机说了声“再见”。
since 从……以后; 自……以来 主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时 如:She has had two jobs since she left school. 自从离开学校后,她做过两份工作。
until/till 直到……才 用于否定句,主句谓语动词用非延续性动词 如:Betty didn’t go to bed until her mother came back.直到她妈妈回来,Betty才去睡觉。
直到……为止 用于肯定句,主句谓语动词用延续性动词 如:The young man read till the light went out.这个年轻人看书一直看到熄灯为止。
before 在……之前 主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前 如:Please turn off the light before you leave the room.你离开房间之前请关灯。
after 在……之后 主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后 如:Paula usually takes a walk after she has dinner. Paula通常在晚饭后散步。
as soon as 一……就…… 从句常用一般现在时,主句用一般将来时 如:I’ll ring you up as soon as I get to New York.我一到纽约就给你打电话。
引导 条件 状语 从句 if 如果 在条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时,主句常用一般将来时 如:If you ask your teacher for help, he will help you. 如果你请你的老师帮忙,他会帮你的。
unless 除非 如:He won’t believe anything unless he sees it with his own eyes. 他不会相信任何事,除非他亲眼看到。
as long as 只要 如:As long as we keep playing well, we’ll keep winning games. 只要我们一直打得好,我们就会一直赢下去。
引导 原因 状语 从句 because 因为(表示直接的原因) 语气最强,常用于回答why引导的问句,不能与so连用 如:My deskmate didn’t come to school because he was ill. 我同桌没来上学是因为他病了。
since 既然(表示人们已知的事实) 语气较弱,通常放在句首,强调主句的内容 如:Since we have no money, we can’t buy it. 既然我们没钱,就不能买它。
as 因为(表示明显的原因) 语气最弱,一般放在主句之前 如:As it is raining heavily, you’d better stay at home.雨下得很大,你最好待在家里。
引导让步状语从句 though/ although 虽然;尽管 引导让步状语从句时,不能与but连用 如:Though it was raining hard, but she still went out. (×) Though it was raining hard, she still went out. (√) It was raining hard, but she still went out. (√)
even if/ though 即使
续表
引导结果状语从句 so…that… 如此……以至 于…… so+形容词/副词+that+从句 如:He is so poor that he can’t buy a bike for his son.他太穷了,以至于不能给他儿子买一辆自行车。
such… that… such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+that+从句;such+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词+that+从句 如:My brother is such a good boy that everyone likes him.我弟弟是如此好的一个男孩以至于每个人都喜欢他。
引导目的状语从句 so that 以便于…… 目的状语从句中往往带有情态动词could, might等 如:We started early so that we could catch the first train. 我们早点出发以便赶上首班火车。
in order that 为了;以便 如:Miss Green arrived early in order that she could get a good seat. Green小姐早早到场以便找个好位置。
引导方式状语从句 as 照……方式 从句通常位于主句后 如:They did as I had asked. 他们按照我的要求做了。
as if/ though 好像;仿佛 常用在act, feel, look, appear, behave, smell, sound, seem, taste及其他描写行为举止的动词之后 如:He looks as if he is angry. 他看上去好像生气了。
引导比较状语从句 than 比…… 形容词/副词的比较级+than 如:Tom runs faster than John (does). Tom比John跑得快。
as…as… 和…… 一样…… as+形容词/副词的原级+as 如:Tom runs as fast as John (does). Tom和John跑得一样快。
not as/ so…as… 不如…… not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as 如:Today is not so warm as yesterday. 今天不像昨天那么暖和。
引导地点状语从句 where 哪里 如:Go where you like.去你喜欢的地方。
wherever 无论哪里 如:Wherever he goes, I will go. 不论他去哪里,我都会去。

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