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(共30张PPT)
Section A Grammar Focus
学习目标
通过本节课的学习，同学们能够：
1. 识别定语从句的结构，运用 that/which/who 合并简单句，写出含定语从句的句子；在语境中正确使用定语从句描述音乐和音乐家。
2. 通过音乐话题了解中西方乐器，感受音乐文化的多样性。
3. 通过对比、归纳定语从句的规则，培养逻辑思维和归纳能力。
4. 主动总结语法规律，在口语和写作中运用定语从句
表达观点。
Learning Objectives.
After learning this lesson, you will be able to:
1. Identify the structure of relative clauses, combine simple sentences using that/which/who, and write sentences with relative clauses; use relative clauses correctly in context to describe music and musicians.
2. Learn about Chinese and Western instruments through the topic of music, and experience the diversity of music culture.
3. Develop logical thinking and summarizing skills by comparing
and concluding the rules of relative clauses.
4. Summarize grammar rules on your own and use relative
clauses to express ideas in speaking and writing.
Lead in
What kind of music do you like
I prefer music.
It makes me relax.
I prefer music___________________.
that makes me relax
What kind of music do you like
I like music that I can sing along with. What about you
I prefer music that has great lyrics.
4a
Read the sentences. Underline the relative clauses. What are their functions
I love traditional music that/which tells a story.
I prefer music that/which is full of joy and celebration.
We want to find out the kind of music (that/which) everyone likes.
I like musicians who/that are creative.
这四句里的定语从句，核心作用都是修饰、限定前面的名词，即先行词，让句子的意思更具体、更明确。先行词是_______时，关系代词用 that/which；先行词是_____时，关系代词用 who/that；定语从句永远放在先行词后面，翻译时通常要改成“······的”，放在被修饰的名词后面。
事物
人
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面，引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。
定语从句
定语从句的定义
关系词：引导定语从句。
The man who/that is speaking is zhong Nanshan.
先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。
关系代词：
关系副词：
that, who, whom, whose, which
where, when, why
定语从句的结构：先行词 + 关系词 + 句子
定语从句
关系代词的基本用法
(1) I love music which/that I can sing along to.(作 )
(2) I prefer groups which/that play quiet and slow songs. (作 )
(3) I like musicians who/that play different kinds of music. (作 )
(4) The singer who/that/whom I like sings very well. (作 )
宾语
主语
主语
宾语
关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分
关系代词 who 人 主语、宾语
whom 人 宾语
which 物 主语、宾语
that 人、物 主语、宾语
whose 人的、物的 定语
【巧学助记 】
关系代词的用法：
that指人也指物，主语宾语都能用。
which指物不指人，主语宾语都能用。
who和whom都指人，主语宾语要分清。
whose, whose真管用，指人指物它都行。
注意
1. 当先行词是不定代词（all, some, something, anything, everything, nothing等）或被不定代词修饰时，关系代词用that。
2. 当先行词为指人的不定代词（one, ones, those, anyone, everyone, nobody, anybody等）时，关系代词用who。
【对点练习】
1. He says he’s the man ___________ bought these books.
2. The man _______________ I served was wearing a hat.
3. Is this the man ______________ you served
4. I prefer movies _________ give me something to think about.
5. Carmen likes musicians ___________ play different kinds of music.
6. It was an island _________ name I have forgotten.
who/that
who/whom/that
who/whom/that
that/which
who/that
whose
Attributive clause
先行词是人
关系词
Tom is the boy (who/whom/that) we saw in the shop.
Attributive clause
先行词是人
关系词
当先行词是人时，关系词用who/that/whom。
His father is the person who/that will be most unhappy.
在从句中作主语,不可省略。
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
It successfully shows the rich culture which/that
makes Beijing so famous.
Look at the photos (that/which) I took on my trip.
Attributive clause
关系词
先行词是物
先行词是物
关系词
Attributive clause
当先行词是物时，关系词用which/that。
关系词在从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词形式由先行词定。
在从句中作宾语，可省略。
在从句中作主语，不可省略。
whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。
whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。
This is the book whose cover is blue.
This is the book of which the cover is blue.
只能用关系代词that而不用which的情况
1. 当先行词是all, any, anything, everything, nothing等不定代词时。
Is there anything that you don’t understand
2. 当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
That is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
3. 当先行词被the only, the very, the last 等修饰时。
My necklace is the only thing that is missing.
4. 有两个或两个以上先行词，兼指人和物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really famous.
4b
Combine the sentences using that, which, or who.
1. This piece is my favourite. It uses the violin and piano.
→The piece that / which uses the violin and piano is my favourite.
2. The girl in purple is a gifted poet. I met her at university.
→ ________________________________________________________
3. The policewoman will help you. She is standing near the concert hall.
→ ________________________________________________________
4. They are playing a beautiful piece of music. It was written by a deaf composer.
→ ________________________________________________________
5. George is listening to some electronic music. He downloaded it last night.
→ ________________________________________________________
The girl who/that/whom I met at university is a gifted poet.
The policewoman who/that is standing near the concert hall will help you.
The beautiful piece of music that/which they are playing was written by a deaf composer.
George is listening to some electronic music that/which he downloaded last night.
4c
Complete the story with that, which, or who. How does music make a difference
Chris began to show an interest in playing the piano when he was five years old.
After years of practice, it has become something ___________ Chris is good at.
Recently, he decided to share his music with others. Every weekend, he goes to a
home for the elderly to play the piano. People there used to play chess or watch
TV after dinner. The music ___________ Chris plays on the piano makes them all stop to listen. They love music ___________ touches their hearts and makes them smile. This means a lot to Chris too. He is a shy boy __________ finds it difficult to talk to others, but he is still able to communicate through music. When he plays the piano, he no longer feels shy. Instead, he is happy to be around people _________ enjoy his playing.
that
that/which
that/which
who/that
who/that
4d
Make a survey to find out the most popular kind of music in your class.
Kind of music Your rating Reason
classical 0 1 2 3 I like/don’t like music that ...
rock 0 1 2 3
pop 0 1 2 3
… 0 1 2 3
0: I don’t like it at all. 1: It’s OK. 2: I like it. 3: I love it!
After collecting the results, write a short report using relative clauses. Then choose one representative to present it to the class.
The expressions to help you.
In our group, most students like music that/which ______.Tom prefers musicians who ______. The most popular kind of music in our group is ______, which ______.
Hello everyone, we are Group 1.
We did a survey about our group members’ music preferences.
In our group, most students like music that has simple lyrics and a strong rhythm. Tom prefers musicians who write their own songs. The most popular kind of music in our group is pop music, which we can sing along to and enjoy together.
Some students also like folk music that tells interesting stories about life. But we don't like rock music that is too loud and noisy. That's all about our survey. Thank you!
Sample
Each group will give a presentation to share your survey results.
Assessment（评价量表） 评价维度 ★★★★★(优秀) ★★★(达标) ★(待改进)
语法运用 正确使用定语从句，理由句结构完整，无语法错误。 使用定语从句，存在少量关系代词误用 /句子结构问题。 只用简单句表达喜好，无法使用定语从句。
交流参与 能说出场景、音乐类型和理由表达完整。 能完成个人任务，参与度一般。 不参与交流，依赖他人完成任务。
表达清晰度 能使用本节课学习的场景和音乐词汇。 汇报时基本能表达清楚，存在少量卡顿。 无法完成完整的汇报表达。
Language points
download v. 下载(文件、音乐、视频、软件等) n. 已下载的数据资料
原文再现：He downloaded it last night. 他昨晚下载了它。
常用搭配：(1) download sth.下载某物
download music/songs/videos下载音乐/歌曲/视频
I often download pop music. 我经常下载流行音乐。
(2) download sth. from... 从······下载某物
对点练习
(1)My brother ____________ a new song last night.
A. download B. downloads
C. downloaded D. downloading
(2)Look! They _____________________ (download) some folk music.
C
are downloading
Exercises
一、单项选择
1. Which word can be used for both people and things in a relative clause
A. Who. B. That. C. Which. D. Whose.
2. The correct sentence is “I like music ______ makes me feel happy.”
A. who B. whose C. where D. that
3. “She is a singer ______ songs are very popular.” The missing word is ____.
A. who B. whose C. which D. that
B
D
B
一、单项选择
4. My teacher is someone ________ I can always talk to.
A. which B. whose C. who D. where
5. The book ________ I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
A. who B. whose C. which D. where
C
C
二、用适当的关系代词(that, which, who)填空
1. I have a friend _____________ plays the piano very well.
2. The song _____________ you sang just now is very beautiful.
3. The girl _____________ is wearing a purple dress is a gifted poet.
4. We need to find a way _____________ can help us remember the new words.
5. The concert _____________ we attended last night was amazing.
who/that
that/which
that/which
that/which
who/that
1. 写一篇 5 句话的小短文My Favorite Music，至少使用 2 个定语从句。
2. 和同伴用定语从句谈论你喜欢的歌手 / 歌曲，录制 1 分钟口语视频。
Thanks

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