资源简介

一、宇宙与天体（天文事物）1.beyond（在另一边；除…… 之外） The secret of space is beyond our imagination.太空的奥秘超乎我们的想象。 2.universe（宇宙）The universe is so huge and full of mysteries.宇宙浩瀚无垠，充满奥 秘。 3.satellite（卫星；人造卫星）The moon is Earth’s natural satellite.月球是地球的天然卫 星。 4.object（物体；对象；目标；宾语） We saw a strange object moving across the sky.我们看见一个奇怪的物体划过天空。 5.solar（太阳的；太阳能的）Eight planets are in the solar system.太阳系中有八颗行星。 6.surface（表面；表层）The surface of Mars is red.火星的表面是红色的。
主题场景分类词汇 7.diameter（直径）The diameter of Earth is about 12,700 kilometers.地球的直径大约 12700 千米。 8. belt（环形地带；腰带） There is an asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter.火星和木星之间有一条小行星带。 9.inner（接近中心的；内部的；内心的）The inner planets are rocky planets.类地内行 星是岩石行星。 10.outer（外围的；远离中心的；外边的）The outer planets are much bigger.外围行星 体积大得多。 11.rock（岩石；摇滚乐）There are many rocks on Mars.火星上有许多岩石。 12.gas（气体；天然气）Some planets are mainly made of gas.有些行星主要由气体构 成。 13.distance（距离）The distance from the Earth to the Moon is very long.地球到月球的 距离很远。 14.asteroid（小行星）An asteroid is a small rocky object in space.小行星是太空中小型 的岩石天体。
二、太空探索工具、科技与能量 1.rocket（火箭） We use rockets to send spacecraft into space.我们使用火箭把航天器送入太空。
2.man-made（人造的；非天然的） China has many man-made satellites.中国拥有很多人造卫星。 3.telescope（望远镜）We can watch stars with a telescope.我们可以用望远镜观测星星。 4.electricity（电；电能）Solar panels can produce electricity.太阳能板可以产生电能。 5.power（能量；控制力；影响力）The Sun gives us great power.太阳给予我们巨大的 能量。 6.exploration（探索；勘探） Space exploration helps us learn more about the universe.太空探索帮助我们更多地了解 宇宙。 7.development（发展；开发） Space technology helps the development of our society.航天科技助力社会的发展。 8.industry（工业；生产制造）The space industry develops fast these years.航天工业近 些年发展迅速。
三、环境、温度、地理与自然现象 1.warmth（温暖；暖和；热情）The Sun brings light and warmth to Earth.太阳给地球带来光与温暖。 2.heat（热量；热；高温；加热；变热） Mercury gets lots of heat from the Sun.水星从太阳获得大量热量。 3.degree（度，度数；学位）The temperature can drop many degrees at night.夜间气温 会下降很多度。 4.minus（零下）On Mars, the temperature is often minus 60 degrees.火星上的气温常常 是零下 60 度。 5.Celsius（摄氏的）Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius.水在零摄氏度结冰。 6.daytime（白天；日间）The temperature rises in the daytime.气温在白天升高。 7.valley（山谷）Scientists found some valleys on Mars.科学家在火星上发现了一些山 谷。 8.rainfall（降雨量；下雨）Mars has almost no rainfall.火星几乎没有降雨。 9.low（低的）The air pressure on Mars is very low.火星上的气压很低。 10.rise（升起；上升）The Sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。 11.freeze（(使) 冻结，结冰）Water will freeze when it is cold enough.温度足够低时， 水就会结冰。
12.fill（(使) 充满）The air fills the space around us.空气充满我们周围的空间。
四、生命、生存与生物 1.survive（生存；存活；幸存）No humans can survive on Mars now.目前人类无法在火星生存。 2.alive（活着；在世）Earth is the only planet with alive beings.地球是唯一存在生物的 行星。 3.being（生物；存在）Human beings need water and air to live.人类需要水和空气生存。 4.death（死；死亡）Without water, most living things will face death.没有水，大部分 生物将会面临死亡。
五、描述、动作与逻辑连词 1.appear（出现，显现；显得）Stars appear when night comes. 夜幕降临时星星就会出现。 2.separate（(使) 分开；划分） We separate planets into inner and outer ones.我们把行星划分为内行星和外行星。 3.include（包括；包含）The eight planets include Earth and Mars.八大行星包括地球和 火星。 4.prove（证明；证实）Scientists try to prove their ideas.科学家努力证实他们的猜想。 5.although（虽然；尽管；即便） Although Mars is like Earth, it has no life.虽然火星和地球相似，但没有生命。 6.common（公地；共有的，共同的；普遍的） The two planets have some common features.这两颗行星有一些共同特征。 7.strange（奇怪的；奇特的）Mars has some strange landforms.火星有一些奇特的地貌。 8.mainly（主要地；首要地）Mars is mainly made of rock.火星主要由岩石构成。 9.neither（也不；两者都不）Neither Mars nor Mercury has life.火星和水星都没有生命。 10.nor（也不）It is neither hot nor cold on our planet.我们的星球既不热也不冷。 11.related（相关的；有联系的）This book is related to space.这本书和太空有关。 12.due（由于；因为）Many plants die due to little water.很多植物因为缺水而死亡。 13.least（最少；最小）At least, we can protect our home planet.至少，我们可以保护我 们的家园星球。
六、人文、责任、出版与档案 1.responsibility（责任；负责）It’s our responsibility to protect Earth.保护地球是我们的责任。
2.file（档案；卷宗；文件夹）Scientists keep files of space research.科学家保存太空研 究的档案。 3.born（出生）The great scientist was born in 1930.这位伟大的科学家出生于 1930 年。 4.publish（(使) 发表；出版）They publish their space study reports.他们发表太空研究 报告。
短语 1. go around (绕行；走遍；传播)The eight planets go around the Sun.八大行星围绕太阳运转。2. send ... into ... (把…… 送 / 派遣到……) Scientists send spacecraft into space.科学家把航天器送入太空。 move around (绕着…… 来回转)The moon moves around the Earth.月球绕着地球转 动。 at least (至少) Mars is at least 55 million kilometers away from Earth.火星距离地球至少 5500 万公 里。 neither ... nor ... (既不…… 也不……) Earth is neither too hot nor too cold for living things.对于生物来说，地球既不太热也不 太冷。 as well as (除…… 之外；也；还) The Sun gives us light as well as heat.太阳除了给我们热量，还提供光。 be similar to (与…… 相似)Mars is similar to Earth in size 火星在大小方面与地球相 似。 at a distance of (在…… 的距离) The moon is at a distance of 380,000 kilometers from Earth.月球距离地球 38 万公里。 be alive with (充满着（活力 / 生命力）……) Our planet is alive with all kinds of lives.我们的星球充满各式各样的生命。 make up (组成；化妆；编造) Eight planets make up our solar system.八大行星组成了我们的太阳系。 play an important role in (在…… 起重要作用) Water plays an important role in life on Earth.水对地球上的生命起着重要作用。 be related to (与…… 有关)This story is related to space exploration.这个故事和太 空探索有关。
have something in common (有相同的特征；有共同之处) Earth and Mars have something in common.地球和火星有一些共同之处。 run away (逃跑；跑开) The gas on Mars runs away into space easily.火星上的气体容易散失到太空中。 so ... that ... (如此…… 以至于……) Mars is so cold that people can’t live there.火星如此寒冷，人类无法在那里生存。 16.look up at (仰望)We look up at the stars on clear nights.在晴朗的夜晚，我们仰望繁 星。 with the help of (在…… 的帮助下) With the help of rockets, we can explore space.在火箭的帮助下，我们可以探索太空。 be known as (被称为；以…… 而闻名)Mars is known as the Red Planet.火星被称为 红色星球。 be different from (与…… 不同) The environment on Mars is different from that on Earth.火星上的环境和地球上的不一 样。 far away (遥远)Many stars are far away from us.许多星星离我们很遥远。 be full of (充满)The universe is full of amazing secrets.宇宙充满奇妙的奥秘。 in common (共同的)The two planets have nothing in common.这两颗行星没有共同 之处。 wait for (等待)We wait for more news about space exploration.我们等待更多太空探 索的消息。 because of (因为) There is no life on Mars because of its cold weather.因为寒冷的气候，火星上没有生命。 on average (平均)The temperature on Mars is on average very low.火星上的平均气 温很低。 in space (在太空中)Many spacecraft fly in space.许多航天器在太空中飞行。 live on (居住在…… 上)Humans live on the Earth.人类居住在地球上。 look forward to (期待)I look forward to visiting space one day.我期待有一天能去太 空。
实用 一、谈论宇宙、行星与太空探索（交际句型）1. What do you know about the solar system 关于太阳系你知道些什么？
交际句型 What do you think of Mars 你认为火星怎么样？ It’s amazing that there are so many planets in the universe. 宇宙中有这么多行星，真 是太神奇了。 I’m interested in space and I want to learn more about the universe. 我对太空感兴趣， 想了解更多关于宇宙的知识。 Do you believe there is life on other planets 你认为其他行星上存在生命吗？ What a surprise! Mars looks a little like Earth. 太令人惊讶了！火星看起来有点像地 球。 I’m afraid I know little about the planets in our solar system. 恐怕我对太阳系的行星 了解不多。 Scientists are still exploring space these years. 这些年科学家们仍在探索太空。 Can you tell me the differences between Earth and Mars 你能说说地球和火星之间 的区别吗？ Watching videos about space helps me open my eyes. 观看太空相关视频帮助我开 阔眼界。
二、介绍行星、太阳系与太空（写作核心句型）1. There are eight planets going around the Sun in the solar system. 在太阳系中有八颗行星围绕太阳运转。 Earth is the third planet from the Sun. 地球是距离太阳第三近的行星。 The Sun provides light and heat for all the planets. 太阳为所有行星提供光和热。 Earth is neither too close nor too far from the Sun. 地球离太阳既不太远也不太近。 It is the only planet with life in the solar system. 它是太阳系中唯一存在生命的行 星。 Mars is similar to Earth in size, but it is much colder. 火星在大小上和地球相似，但 温度要低得多。 Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system. 木星是太阳系中最大的行星。 It takes Mars longer to go around the Sun than Earth. 火星绕太阳运转的时间比地球 更长。 With the help of spacecraft, scientists can study space better. 在航天器的帮助下，科学家能更好地研究太空。
Exploring space helps us know more secrets of the universe. 探索太空帮助我们了解更多宇宙的奥秘。 We should protect Earth because it is our only home. 我们应该保护地球，因为它是 我们唯一的家园。 The universe is full of mysteries waiting for us to discover. 宇宙充满等待我们去发 现的奥秘。
语法 1.后缀 -ness2.形容词比较级和最高级
写作 地球与宇宙探秘
一、知识点精讲
知识点 1. What do you know about the Sun （关于太阳，你知道些什么？）（P92）讲：
此句为特殊疑问句，用于询问对方对太阳的了解，核心结构是 “What do you know about... ”，“do” 是一般现在时的助动词（主语为第二人称 “you”），后接动词原形 “know”；“know about” 是固定短语，意为
“了解；知道…… 的情况”，“about” 后接了解的对象，明确询问范围。
例句：What do you know about Mars （关于火星，你知道些什么？）拓展：类似询问知识的句型有 “What have you learned about... ”（关于…… 你学到了什么？）、“Could you tell me something about... ”（你能告诉我一些关于…… 的事吗？），如 “Could you tell me something about the solar system （你能告诉我一些关于太阳系的事吗？）
知识点 2. The sun provides energy, light and heat for the earth.（太阳为地球提供能量、光和热。）（P93）
provide vt. 提供
provide sb. with sth. “为某人／某物提供某物”
provide sth. for sb.
The river provides water for the villagers.
= The river provides the villagers with water.这条河流给村民们提供水。
：offer sb sth=offer sth to sb offer 主动提供
知识点 3. The inner planets are smaller and made of rocks and soil, while the outer planets are larger and made of gas with rocks inside.（类地行星更小，由岩石和土壤构成；而类木行星更大，由气体构成，内部有岩石。）（P96）
be made of 意为“由……制成，用……做成”(能从产品中看出原材料)，其中 made 是 make 的过去分词，表被动。
eg. Books are made of paper. 书是用纸做的。
【拓展】由 made 构成的相关短语：
①be made from 由……制成，用……做成。(从产品中看不出原材料)
eg. The paper here is made from bamboos. 这儿的纸是由竹子制造的。
②be made in +某地 制造（生产）于…… eg.Today many things are made in China. 如今许多东西都是中国制造。
③be made up of... 由……组成（构成）。
eg. Our school is made up of 80 classes. 我们学校由 80 个班级组成。
知识点 4. Why is the sun so important There are at least two reasons: It keeps the planets in the solar system. It gives heat and light to the earth.（为什么太阳如此重要？至少有两个
原因： 它使行星留在太阳系中。 它给地球提供热和光。）（P97）
（1）keep (sb./sth.)+adj.意为“保持（某人/某物)……”。 eg. We must keep our classroom clean and tidy. 我们必须保持教室干净整洁。
The shop keeps open 24 hours a day. 这家商店 24 小时营业。（2）keep sb./sth. + doing sth. 意为“让某人/某物一直做某事”。 eg. Don’t keep him waiting for so long. 不要让他等那么久。
keep doing sth.意为“一直做某事”。 eg. He kept cleaning the room for an hour. 他一直打扫房间，打扫了一个小时。
keep sb. from doing sth. = stop sb. from doing sth. 意为“阻止某人做某事”。
eg. The policeman kept the boy from playing football in the street.
= The policeman stopped the boy from playing football in the street. 警察阻止了那个男孩在街上踢足球。
知识点 5. The earth is our only home planet. It is neither too close nor too far from the sun.
（地球是我们唯一的家园行星。它距离太阳既不太远也不太近。）（P97）
neither...nor...：并列连词短语，含义：既不…… 也不……（否定两者）
变形：无词形变化并列词组的常见用法
both...and... “……和……”，谓语动词用复数： Both Tom and I like the
当连接两个并列结构作主语 时 movie.
not only...but also... “不但……而且……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Not only he but also I am interested in the movie.
either...or... “要么……要么”“或者……或者”，谓语动词的数遵循就近 原则： Either you or she is going there tomorrow.
neither...nor... “既不……也不……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Neither Tom nor I am going there tomorrow.
知识点 6. As a star, the Sun has eight planets around it, and Earth is one of them.（作为一颗
恒星，太阳周围有八颗行星，地球是其中之一。）（P98）
“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词的复数形式”表示“最……之一”，形容词前一般有the或物主代词。
Tom is one of the tallest boys in his class. 汤姆是他班上最高的男孩之一。
当 one of 作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
One of them likes swimming. 他们中的一个喜欢游泳。
知识点 7. Mars is more similar to Earth in size and temperature.（火星在大小和温度上与地球更相似。）（P98）
be similar to：形容词短语，含义：与…… 相似
固定搭配：
A be similar to B A 与 B 相似（主语 A 和 B 作比较）例：Mars is similar to the Earth in some ways.火星在某些方面和地球相似。
be similar in + 方面 在某方面相似例：The two planets are similar in size.这两颗行星在大小方面相似。
知识点 8. Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration.（细心和责任感在科学探索中起着重要作用。）（P100）
play an important role in：含义：在…… 中起重要作用；在…… 中扮演重要角色
固定搭配：
play an important role in sth. 在某事 / 某物方面起重要作用例：Water plays an important role in our life.水在我们的生活中起着重要作用。
play an important role in doing sth. 在做某事方面起重要作用（in 为介词，后接名词或动名词）例：Scientists play an important role in exploring space.科学家在探索太空方面发挥重要作用。
知识点 9. The high cost is a big weakness in space exploration.（高昂的成本是太空探索中的一个大劣势。）（P100）
(1) spend 的主语必须是人
① sb.spend time/money on sth/(in) doing sth
cost 的主语是物或某种活动，还可以表示“值”
①sth. costs (sb.)＋金钱某物花了（某人）多少钱
②(doing) sth. costs (sb.)＋时间 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
take 后面常跟双宾语
①It takes sb.＋时间＋to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间
②doing sth. takes sb.＋时间 做某事花了某人多少时间
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
知识点 10. There is no water on Mars, so we have to produce some.（火星上没有水，所以我们必须制造一些。）（P102）
1.并列连词
and ①“和，而且”，表并列、递进或顺承： He is a good teacher， and we all like him. ②“祈使句，and＋陈述句”表结果： Work hard， and you will get better grades next time.
but “但是，可是，而”，表转折： I don’t want to go there， but Mom said I must.
so “因此，所以”，表因果： I don’t have enough money， so I won’t buy the toy.
or ①“或者，还是”，表选择：Do it yourself or ask somebody else to do it.②“否则”，用于“祈使句，or＋陈述句”： Work hard， or you will fail the exam.
for “因为”，表原因： The plane won’t take off today， for a heavy rain is on the way.
while “然而”，表转折，用来表示对比： Some kids like running in the wild while others prefer to stay at home reading.
2.produce
（1）produce 作动词，意为 “生产；制造；产生；出示；制作”。produce electricity 意为 “发电”，produce evidence 意为 “出示证据”。例如：
This factory produces toys. 这家工厂生产玩具。
The plan produced a good result. 这个计划产生了好的效果。
(2) produce 是行为动词，通常用副词修饰。例如：
The farm produces fruit yearly. 这个农场每年出产水果。
He successfully produced a new movie. 他成功制作了一部新电影。
（3）produce 作名词，意为 “农产品（生鲜果蔬等）”，不可数名词。例如：
The market sells fresh local produce. 这个市场售卖新鲜的本地农产品。
Farm produce is sold here. 这里售卖农产品。
名词固定搭配
farm produce 农产品 2. native produce 土产；本地物产 3. fresh produce 生鲜农产品
知识点 11. Mars looks red because of its red soil, while most parts of Earth look blue because of its oceans.（火星看起来是红色的，因为它的红色土壤；而地球的大部分地区看起来是蓝色的，因为它的海洋。）（P103）
because of
（1）because of 是介词短语，意为 “因为；由于”，后面接名词、代词或动名词 (doing)，不能接句子。
例如：
He didn’t go to school because of illness. 他因为生病没有去上学。
She cried because of the bad news. 她因为这个坏消息哭了。
(2) 辨析：because 是连词，后面接完整句子；because of 后接名词性成分。
例如：
He stayed at home because it rained. 他待在家里，因为下雨了。
He stayed at home because of the rain. 因为下雨，他待在家里。
（3）可置于句首或句中，放句首时后面常用逗号隔开。
例如：
Because of heavy rain, the sports meeting was put off.因为大雨，运动会推迟了。
名词固定搭配 / 常用短语
because of this 由于这个；因此
because of that 由于那个
because of sb’s mistake 因为某人的错误
知识点 13. Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in
common-water.（虽然这两颗行星有很多不同之处，但它们有一个共同点 —— 水。）（P103）
一、although
（1）although 作连词，意为 “虽然；尽管”，用来引导让步状语从句。例如：
Although he is young, he knows a lot. 虽然他年纪小，但是他懂得很多。
Although it rained, we still went hiking. 尽管下雨了，我们还是去徒步了。
(2) although 引导从句时，不能和 but 连用，二者只能选其一。
正确：Although he was tired, he kept working. 虽然他很累，但他继续工作。
错误：Although he was tired, but he kept working.
（3）although 多放句首，也可放句中；语气较正式，口语中也可用 though。
例如：
He passed the exam, although he didn’t study hard.
虽然他没有努力学习，但他通过了考试。
常用拓展
1. although = though 虽然，尽管（although 一般不用于句末，though 可放句末表 “然而”） 2. even though 即使；尽管（语气更强）
二、have something in common
（1）have something in common 意为 “有共同之处；有共同点”。have nothing in common 意为 “毫无共同之处”，have a lot/much in common 意为 “有很多共同点”。例如： They have something in common. 他们有一些共同点。
My sister and I have much in common. 我和姐姐有很多共同点。 (2) 常用搭配：have … in common with sb 和某人有…… 共同之处。例如：
I have nothing in common with him. 我和他毫无共同之处。
She has a lot in common with her mother. 她和她妈妈有很多相似之处。
（3）本短语中 common 是形容词，意为 “共同的；普通的”，此处不能换成 commonly。
例如：
The two plans have one thing in common.
这两个计划有一点是相同的。
名词 / 短语固定搭配
have nothing in common 没有共同点
have much/a lot in common 有很多共同点 3. have little in common 几乎没有共同点
知识点 14. Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.（火星正等待我们去探索，宇宙也是如此。）（P103）
wait for sb.等待某人
wait 作及物和不及物动词，意为“等待；盼望”。常用于下列固定搭配中：
can’t wait to do sth 迫不及待做某事 wait to do sth.等待做某事 wait for sb. to do sth.等待某人做某事 can’t wait to do sth.迫不及待做某事 wait a minute/moment/second　等一下
如：
—What are you doing here？你在这儿干什么？
—I’m waiting for my father to pick me up. 我在等父亲来接我。
知识点 15. Distance from the Sun: about 58 million kilometers away from the Sun（与太阳的
距离：距离太阳约 5800 万公里）（P105）
知识点 16. It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun.（冥王星绕太阳一周大约需要 248 个地球年。）（P107）
【易混辨析】
spend 花费（时间、金钱等） 主语是人 常用结构为 spend...on sth 和 spend...doing sth
cost 价格为；需支付 主语多为物 常用句型为 Sth cost(s) sb some money.
take 花费（时间） it 作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式 常用句型为 It takes/took sb some time to do sth.
pay 支付（钱） 主语是人 常用结构为 pay... for sth
go around
（1）go around 作动词短语，意为四处走动；参观；绕道；流传。go around the city 意为 “在城里四处逛逛”，go around the lake 意为 “绕湖而行”。例如：
We went around the old town yesterday. 昨天我们在古城四处逛了逛。
The news went around quickly. 消息很快传开了。
(2) 常用搭配 go around sth 绕着某物走；四处参观某地；（消息、疾病）传播。例如：
There is a rumor going around. 有一个谣言在流传。
We have to go around the big rock. 我们得绕开这块大石头走。
（3）其他含义：足够分配；（机器）运转例如：
There aren’t enough chairs to go around. 椅子不够分。
The machine goes around smoothly. 机器运转顺畅。
知识点 17. Without air, human beings can’t live on the planet.（没有空气，人类无法在这颗行星上生存。）（P107）
Without 介词，意为“没有，无”，后可接名词、代词或动名词，反义词是 with.
Eg. Man can’t live without water. 没有水人类就无法生存。
She entered the room without knocking on/at the door. 她没敲门就进了房间。辨析：live，lively，alive，living
live “活的，有生命的；现场直播的” 可用作定语，放在表示物的名词之前，一般不指人。
lively “活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的” 用作定语或表语，既可指人，也可指物。
alive “活着的，有生气的” 一般作表语;活着 be/stay alive
living “活的；在实施的；现存的” 。living 可数名词， “生活，生计”。 主要用作定语，常置于所修饰的名词之前，the living“活着的人”。
她不知道他是死是活。She doesn’t know if he is alive or dead.
二、核心语法精讲
（一）后缀-ness 的用法
【考点 01】后缀 -ness 的含义：后缀 -ness 是英语中常见的名词后缀，通过在形容词（或少数分词）后添加该后缀，将其转化为抽象名词，属于派生法构词。其核心作用是改变原词词性（由形容词变为名词），主要表达 “性质、状态、程度”，可
译为 “…… 性”“…… 状态”“…… 度”。
如：①kind（adj.善良的）→ kindness（n.善良；善意）
1．她的善良帮助了很多贫困儿童。
______________________________
②sad（adj.悲伤的）→ sadness（n.悲伤；悲痛）
2．她眼中的泪水流露着悲伤。
______________________________
③dark（adj.黑暗的）→ darkness（n.黑暗；阴暗）
3．夜晚的黑暗让我们走得很慢。
______________________________
【考点 02】后缀 -ness 的构词规律：后缀 -ness 通常附着在形容词后，少数情况下可附着在分词后，拼写需注意以下规则：
（1）一般情况（形容词直接加 -ness）：如：①sad（adj.悲伤的）→ sadness（n.悲伤）
4．我感觉到深深的悲痛。
______________________________ ②weak（adj.虚弱的）→ weakness（n.虚弱）
5．长期生病导致了他的虚弱。
______________________________
③quick（adj.快速的）→ quickness（n.迅速）
6．他奔跑的迅速让他赢得了比赛。
______________________________
④tired（adj.疲倦的）→ tiredness（n.疲倦，分词变名词）
7．旅行后，疲倦让她睡了一整天。
______________________________
以“辅音字母 + y”结尾的形容词：先将 y 变为 i，再加 -ness：如：①happy（adj.快乐的）→ happiness（n.幸福）
8．家庭时光给我们带来很多幸福。
______________________________
②angry（adj.生气的）→ angriness（n.愤怒）
9．他的愤怒让所有人都安静了。
______________________________ ③busy（adj.忙碌的）→ business（n.忙碌）
10．城市的生意从未停止。
______________________________
以“le” 结尾的形容词：
如：①simple（adj.简单的）→ simpleness（n.简单；朴素）
11．这个计划的简单性让它容易执行。
______________________________
②able（adj.有能力的）→ ableness（n.能力）
12．他在数学上的能力帮他解决了难题。
______________________________
不规则变形：
如：①different（adj.不同的）→ difference（n.差异）
13．猫和狗之间有很多差异。
______________________________
②important（adj.重要的）→ importance（n.重要性）
14．水的重要性对每个人来说都很明显。
______________________________
【考点 03】后缀 -ness 构成的名词在句中的用法：由 -ness 构成的名词为抽象名词，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等，与普通名词用法一致：
作主语（表示抽象概念作动作的发出者）：如：
15．善良能温暖人心。
______________________________
作宾语（表示抽象概念作动作的承受者）：如：
16．她无法掩饰自己的悲伤。
______________________________
作表语（说明主语的性质或状态）：如：
17．他的虚弱让他放弃了。
______________________________
（二）形容词的比较级和最高级用法
概念：英语中的形容词和副词有三个等级，即原级、比较级和最高级，以此表示人或事物的等级差别。
①形容词和副词的比较级用于两者之间的比较，表示“较……”或“更……一些”；
如：
18．这个房间比那个大。
______________________________
②形容词和副词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间的比较，表示“最……”，形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词 the，副词最高级前的 the 可以省略。
如：
19．兔子是它们中最小的。
______________________________
【考点 01】形容词比较等级的规则变化：
构成规则 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词和 少数双音节词 一般在词尾加-er 或-est great greater greatest
strong stronger strongest
以字母 e 结尾的词加-r 或-st brave braver bravest
fine finer finest
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母，应先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er 或-est big bigger biggest
fat fatter fattest
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词，先变-y 为-i,再加-er 或-est happy happier happiest
lucky luckier luckiest
多音节词 和部 分双音节词 在词前加 more 或 most serious more serious most serious
interesting more interesting most interesting
【考点 02】形容词比较等级的不规则变化：
原级 比较级 最高级
good(好的)/well(好地，健康的) better best
bad(坏的)/ill(有病的)/badly(坏 地；恶劣地) worse worst
many(许多)/much(许多) more most
little(少的) less least
far(远的/地) farther(指距离)较远 further(指距离和抽象概 念)较远 farthest(指距离)最远 furthest(指距离和抽象概念) 最远
old(老的) olderelder(指年长的) oldesteldest
【考点 03】形容词比较等级的用法：
（一）比较级的修饰语
在比较级前常用 much（……得多），even（甚至），still（更），a little（一点），a bit（有点），a lot（很
多）等来修饰，表示程度进一步加深。
如：
20．我比我弟弟大得多。
______________________________
21．林萍比我更外向一点。
______________________________
very（很，非常）, quite（相当，很，十分）, too（太...）等程度副词一般只修饰形容词原级，不能修饰
比较级。如：
22．这棵树很高。
______________________________
（二）形容词和副词原级比较的两种句型
1. the same as...意为“与……一致，与……相同的”。
如：
23．他的梦想和我的一样。
______________________________
2.“as+形容词/副词原级+as...”表示……和……一样”，否定结构为“not as/so+形容词/副词原级+as”，表示“第
一个人/物在……比不上第二个”。
如：
24．这部电影和那部电影一样有趣。
______________________________
（三）形容词与副词的比较级的常用句型结构
A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B，表示“A 比 B……”。
如：
25．我认为英语不如数学重要。
______________________________
Which/Who+谓语动词比较级，A or B ，or 连接两个选项，表示对两者的比较或选择，意为“A 和 B，哪个/谁更……？”。
如：
26．一头猪和一头大象哪个重？
______________________________
27．林涛和韩梅谁的书更多？
______________________________
get/become+比较级+and+比较级，意为“变得越来越……”，and 连接两个相同的形容词比较级，当形容词是多音节或部分双音节词时，结构变为“get/ become more and more+形容词原级”。
如：
28．当冬天来临时，天气变得越来越冷。
______________________________
29．我们的家乡正变得越来越美丽。
______________________________
the+比较级，the+比较级，意为“越……，就越……”，表示两个过程按比例同时增减。
如：
30．多多益善。
______________________________
31．你学习越努力，就越能取得好成绩。
______________________________
“主语+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two+...”意为“主语是两者中较……的那个。”，是特指的情况。
如：
32．杰克是两个人中较高的一个。
______________________________
“主语+谓语动词+比较级+ than any other+单数名词.” 表示“一个人或物比同一范围内的任何其他一个都……”。如：
33．上海比中国其他任何一个城市都大。
______________________________
（四）形容词与副词的最高级的常用句型在句中使用时，形容词最高级前通常用 the，句中常含有表示比较范围的介词 of 或 in；of 后面一般接表示一群人或事物的代词或名词，in 后面一般接表示单位或场所的名词，常用句型结构为：
“主语+be+the+形容词最高级（+名词/代词）+in/of 短语.” 意为“……是……中最……的（……）”。
如：
34．春天是一年中最好的季节。
______________________________
“主语实义动词（+the）+副词最高级+in/of 短语.” 意为“……是……中最……的”。
如：
35．在我们班杰克学习最努力。
______________________________
“主语+be+one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of 短语.” 意为“……是……中最……的……之一”。
如：
36．纽约是世界上最大的城市之一。
______________________________
“主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of 短语.” 意为“……在……中是第几…… 的……”。如：
37．长江是我们国家的第一长河。
______________________________
“Which/Who+谓语动词（+the）+最高级，A，B or C ” 意为“A、B 和 C，哪个/谁最……？”。
如：
38．太阳、地球和月球，哪一个最大？
______________________________
39．谁跑得最快，凯特、汤姆还是迈克？
______________________________
【考点 04】形容词比较等级的特殊用法：
比较级与最高级的结构可以转换，意思不变。
如：
40．The Changjiang River is longer than the other rivers in China. 在中国，长江比其他河流都长。
＝______________________________ 长江是中国最长的河流。
当某一事物与其他事物作比较时，被比较事物中不能包括本身。
如：
41．他比班上其他学生都高。
______________________________
42．上海比湖北任何一个城市都大。
______________________________
如果比较对象相同，可用 that/those 代替第二个比较对象。
如：
43．上海的天气比武汉的要好。
______________________________
44．第三册的课文要比第四册的容易得多。
______________________________ 三、单元写作清单
一、话题分析
本单元围绕太阳系核心天体展开，聚焦太阳、地球、月球、行星、卫星等的名称、特征及相互关系。写作部分（Reading for Writing）的语篇主题为“地球与它的行星邻居（以火星为例）”，要求学生通过对比两颗行星的特征（直径、与太阳的距离、平均温度、水的分布等），完成一篇说明文。
常见写作命题方向：
对比两颗行星（如地球与火星、金星与土星等），描述特征差异与共性；介绍你最喜欢的行星（如“My Favorite Planet—Jupiter”）；描述人类对太空的探索及你未来的太空梦想；介绍太阳系的基本构成。
二、写作框架（三段式，直接套用）
第一段：开头——引出主题功能：点明要介绍或对比的对象，简洁引出话题。
可套用句型：
The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets. 太阳系由太阳和八大行星组成。
I would like to compare Earth and Mars. 我想比较一下地球和火星。
Let me introduce ... to you. 让我向你介绍……
... is one of the most amazing planets in the solar system. ……是太阳系中最神奇的行星之一。
第二段：主体——特征对比（核心部分）功能：从多个维度对两颗行星进行对比描述，先写差异，再写共性。
建议对比维度：直径（diameter）→ 与太阳的距离（distance from the Sun）→ 平均温度（average temperature）→ 颜色/外观（color/appearance）→ 水的分布（water）
可套用句型：
描述特征：
... has a diameter of ... kilometers. ……的直径是……公里。
... is ... kilometers away from the Sun. ……距离太阳……公里。
The temperature on ... is ... ……上的温度是……
进行对比：
... is bigger / smaller than ... ……比……大/小。
... is closer to / farther from the Sun than ... ……比……离太阳更近/更远。
... looks ... because of ..., while ... 它看起来……因为……，而……
表达共性：
Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common — ... 尽管这两颗行星存在诸
多差异，但它们有一个共同点——…… 第三段：结尾——总结与展望功能：总结全文，表达对宇宙探索的向往或感悟。
可套用句型：
... is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe. ……在等着我们去探索，宇宙也是一样。
We still have a lot to learn about the universe. 关于宇宙我们还有很多要了解。
I hope that one day we can travel to other planets. 我希望有一天我们能去其他行星旅行。
三、写作素材
核心单词
universe n. 宇宙；solar adj. 太阳的；planet n. 行星；surface n. 表面；satellite n. 卫星；rocket n. 火箭；telescope
n. 望远镜；explore v. 探索；diameter n. 直径；gravity n. 重力；distance n. 距离；energy n. 能量
重点短语
in the solar system 在太阳系 provide light and heat for… 为…… 提供光和热 go around /revolve around 围绕…… 运转 on clear nights 在晴朗的夜晚 far away 遥远；farther from the sun 离太阳更远 at present 目前；at least 至少 look like 看起来像 with the help of 在…… 的帮助下 neither…nor… 既不…… 也不……
高分句型（考场直接默写）
There are eight planets in our solar system.在我们的太阳系有八颗行星。
Earth is the third planet from the Sun.地球是距离太阳第三近的行星。
The Sun provides light and heat for all the planets.太阳为所有行星提供光和热。
Earth is the only planet with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold.
地球是唯一存在生命的行星，因为它既不太热也不太冷。
Mars is similar to Earth in size, but its surface is much colder.火星在大小上和地球相似，但它的表面冷得多。
Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system.木星是太阳系最大的行星。
Scientists send spacecraft to explore space.科学家发射航天器探索太空。
The universe is full of mysteries.宇宙充满奥秘。
（二）高频搭配
go around 绕行 at the center of 在……的中心 a distance of ……的距离 on the surface of 在……的表面 because of 因为
in common 共同的；共有的
be similar to 与……相似 be different from 与……不同 make up 组成
at least 至少 millions of 数百万的（三）黄金句型库开头句型：
The solar system is made up of the Sun and eight planets.
I would like to compare Earth and Mars.
Let me introduce ... to you.
主体句型：
Earth is a middle-sized planet with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.
Mars is smaller than Earth.
The inner planets are smaller and made of rocks and soil.
The outer planets are larger and made of gas with rocks inside.
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.
Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun.
对比句型：
Mars looks red because of its red soil, while most parts of Earth look blue because of its oceans.
Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth.
That’s why Mars is colder than Earth.
Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common — water.
结尾句型：
Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.
We still have a lot to learn about the universe.
Exploring space is part of what makes us human.
四、范文背诵
范文一：Earth and Its Neighbor — Mars（教材核心范文）
Is there life in outer space We may think of the same planet — Mars. Mars is smaller than Earth. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers and Earth’s diameter is around 13,000 kilometers. Mars looks red because of its red soil, while most parts of Earth look blue because of its oceans. As a neighbor planet, Mars is farther from the Sun than Earth. Mars is about 228 million kilometers away from the Sun, while Earth is about 150 million kilometers away. That’s why Mars is colder than Earth. The temperature on Mars is about minus 63℃; the temperature is about 14℃ on average on Earth. Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in common — water. On Mars, there is a lot of ice under the ground; on Earth, we have water both on and under the ground. Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.
范文结构拆解：第一段（总起） ：以设问引出对比对象——地球与火星。
第二段（对比） ：从直径→颜色→距日距离→温度→共性（水）五个维度展开对比，使用“while”“That’s
why”“Although”等连接词衔接。
第三段（总结） ：以“Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe”收束全文，升华主题。
范文二：My Favorite Planet — Jupiter
My favorite planet is Jupiter. It is the largest planet in the solar system, bigger than all the other planets combined. Jupiter has a famous Great Red Spot, which is a huge storm. It also has many moons. Some of them are very special. For example, Europa may have liquid water. Scientists are very interested in Jupiter and have been studying it all the time. I hope that one day we can learn more about this amazing planet.
范文结构拆解：第一段（总起） ：直接点明最喜欢的行星——木星。第二段（特征） ：从大小→大红斑→卫星→科学家研究四个方面展开。第三段（结尾） ：表达对探索木星的期待。
综合检测
一、用所给单词适当形式填空
45．About sixty years later, scientists ________ (prove) his ideas right.
46．The sun doesn’t ________ (appear) at night.
47．When comets are getting ________ (close) to the sun, they will become much hotter.
48．Mars is ________ (far) from the Sun than Earth.
49．Satellites can be ________ (nature) or man-made.
50．Carefulness and ________ (responsible) play an important role in scientific exploration.
51．Mercury is ________ (small) than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth.
52．The Big Dipper and the North Star are ________ (bright) than other stars.
53．Mercury is the ________ (near) planet to the Sun.
54．Nature can fill our lives with real joy, peace and ________ (happy).
55．The temperature on Mars is about -63°C; here on Earth, the temperature is about 14°C on ________ (average).
56．Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in ________ (common).
57．The universe is the whole body of things, and no one knows how ________ (wide) it is.
58．There is plenty of water as well as some dry land on the ________ (surface) of the earth.
59．________ (rocket) are important tools for space exploration.
二、单项选择
60．I am ________ than Nancy, but I can’t jump as ________ as she does.
A．taller; high B．taller; higher C．tall; higher D．tall; high
61．—Our country is developing fast.
—That’s for sure. And the harder we work for her, ________ she will be in the future.
A．strong B．stronger C．the strong D．the stronger
62．The new movie is ________ exciting than the old one, but it is ________ meaningful.
A．more; little B．less; more C．more; more D．less; less
63．Boys and girls, the more ________ you are during the exam, the ________ mistakes you’ll make.
A．carefully; less B．carefully; fewer C．careful; more D．careful; fewer
64．We should be ________ careful in the exam so that we will make ________ mistakes.
A．more; less B．more; more C．less; fewer D．more; fewer
65．I think traveling by train is the second ________ and much ________ than a rushed trip by plane.
A．most comfortable; most enjoyable B．more comfortable; more enjoyable
C．more comfortable; most enjoyable D．most comfortable; more enjoyable
66．________ the journey was tiring, Mike thought it was worth both the time and the money.
A．Although B．Since C．Unless D．As
67．—The museums in Beijing are more famous than ________ in Yangzhou.
—Yes, but the weather in Yangzhou is better than ________ in Beijing.
A．that; those B．those; that C．ones; that D．ones; one
68．—Now the air in our city is even ________ than it was before.
—So we must do something to stop it.
A．bad B．worse C．worst 69．An ecosystem ________ all the living and non-living things in an area. D．the worst
A．receives B．includes C．prepares D．introduces
三、完形填空
先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出一个可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案。
Mars is often called the “Red Planet” because of its ____70____. It is ____71____ of the most fascinating planets for scientists.
The surface of Mars is ____72____ with huge deserts, high mountains, and deep valleys. Some mountains on Mars are much ____73____ than those on Earth. Mars also has seasons like Earth, ____74____ the seasons on Mars are much longer.
The ice cap at the poles of Mars is one of the ____75____ things about Mars. It is mainly made of water ice and carbon dioxide ice (干冰). In winter, the temperature on Mars can be so ____76____ that even the carbon dioxide in the air can freeze.
Scientists are ____77____ Mars with much interest. They want to find out if there was ever life on this
____78____. However, they have found no signs of ____79____ until now, but the exploration continues.
70．A．color B．size C．distance D．shape
71．A．none B．neither C．one D．no
72．A．happy B．filled C．full D．related
73．A．larger B．deeper C．longer D．greener
74．A．because B．although C．so D．while
75．A．highest B．flattest C．strangest D．brightest
76．A．little B．common C．low D．high
77．A．surviving B．exploring C．saving D．planning
78．A．space B．universe C．valley D．planet
79．A．deaths B．beings C．rainfalls D．snowballs
四、语法选择
How many things can you see in the night sky A lot! ___80___ a clear evening you might see the Moon and some planets. And ___81___ sparkling stars ___82___, too.
You can see even ___83___ with a telescope. You might see stars where you only saw dark space before. You might see that many stars look larger than others. You might see that some stars ___84___ look white ___85___ really red or blue.
But scientists believe there are some things in the sky that we ___86___. We can’t see them with the biggest telescope in the world, even when it is the clearest night of the year. That’s ___87___ they’re invisible. They’re the mysterious dead stars and they ___88___ black holes. You might find ____89____ hard to imagine that stars die. After all, our Sun is a star. Year after year we see it up in the sky, burning brightly, giving us heat and light. The Sun certainly doesn’t seem ____90____ getting old or weak, ____91____ stars do burn out and die after billions of years. As a star’s gases burn, they give off light and heat. But when the gas runs ____92____, the star stops ____93____ and begins to die.
So the next time you stare up at the night sky, remember: there’s more in the sky than that meets the eye.
____94____ amazing space it is!
80．A．On B．In C．At D．For
81．A．thousand B．thousands C．thousand of D．thousands of
82．A．see B．were see C．can be seen D．will be seen
83．A．much B．many C．most D．more
84．A．what B．which C．who D．where
85．A．be B．is C．am D．are
86．A．never see B．never saw C．will never see D．had never seen
87．A．when B．how C．because D．so
88．A．are called B．called C．call D．is called
89．A．it B．you C．yourself D．itself
90．A．to be B．being C．been D．is
91．A．and B．but C．so D．or
92．A．around B．off C．away D．out
93．A．burning B．to burn C．burn D．burnt
94．A．How 五、阅读理解 B．What C．What an D．How an
The Moon is a dusty (蒙尘的) ball of rock. It is the Earth’s only natural satellite. It takes 27.3 days for the
Moon to travel all the way around the Earth. From this movement, we see different shapes of the Moon.
Although the Moon shines brightly (明亮地) in the night sky, it doesn’t make its own light. We see the
Moon because it gets light from the Sun and sends it to us.
As the Moon moves, we can only see around 60% of the Moon’s surface from the Earth! The part that faces the Earth is known as the ‘near side’ and the other the ‘far side’.
The temperature on the Moon changes greatly! When the Sun reaches its surface, temperatures can reach as hot as 127°C. But when the Sun ‘goes down’, temperatures can drop quickly to around -153°C.There is almost no air to hold the heat, so the changes are big. Scientists aren’t fully sure how the Moon formed. A popular idea is that a Mars-sized rock, named Theia, crashed (撞上) into the Earth around 4.5 billion years ago. The broken pieces from the crash got together to make what is now—Our Moon! This would tell why the Moon rocks are so similar to some rocks on Earth.
根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。
95．Why can we see different shapes of the Moon
A．Because the Moon itself changes shape.
B．Because of the Moon’s movement around the Earth.
C．Because clouds cover parts of the Moon.
D．Because the Earth’s dark part falls on it differently.
96．Why does the temperature on the Moon change so much
A．Because it is very far from the Sun.
B．Because its surface is made of special rock.
C．Because there is almost no air to hold the heat.
D．Because it turns around too fast.
97．According to the popular idea in the passage, what helped scientists guess how the Moon formed
A．The different temperatures on its near and far sides.
B．The fact that we can only see 60% of its surface.
C．The Moon rocks and some Earth rocks are similar.
D．The right time it takes to go around the Earth.
98．Which of the following is an OPINION about the Moon based on the passage
A．The Moon is the Earth’s only natural satellite.
B．The Moon takes 27.3 days to travel around the Earth.
C．The far side of the Moon is more interesting and unknown to us.
D．The Moon gets light from the Sun and sends it to us.
99．How does the writer organize (组织) the passage about the Moon
A．From the most important fact to the least important fact.
B．By introducing different topics one by one (what it is, how it looks, its climate, how it formed).
C．By comparing the Moon with other planets in the solar system.
D．By telling a story about scientists exploring the Moon.
短文填空
根据下面短文内容及部分首字母提示，在短文的空格处填上一个最恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。
In the universe, __100__ we all know, there are the Sun, Moon, Earth, and a lot of stars. We learned in class that the Sun is a s__101__, Earth is a planet and the Moon is our natural __102__. We also know Earth moves a__103__ the Sun and Moon goes around Earth. We have days and nights __104__ of the rotation of Earth. When some parts of Earth __105__ to the Sun, people living on Earth have daylight. If Earth stops rotating again and again, there will be no days __106__ nights. Life on Earth will not s__107__ as well.
The Moon looks much bigger than the Sun because it is __108__ to Earth. Such a short distance also gives the Moon the p___109___ to change the tides (潮汐) on Earth.
选词填空
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
sure explore make three curious and head we universe in
Scientists found an exciting new thing in space. It is called 3I/Atlas, ____110____ it’s a kind of special comet. What ____111____ it so special This comet comes from outside our solar system! We call such things interstellar (星际的) travelers.
____112____ the solar system, many comets go around the sun. But 3I/Atlas is different. It’s just passing by on its long trip through space. This is actually the ____113____ time that scientists have found such a visitor from another star system. When people first heard about this strange comet, some asked: “Could it be an alien spaceship ” Scientists found that it’s ____114____ a natural thing. Like all comets, it has a bright ____115____ and sometimes shows a tail when it gets near the sun.
3I/Atlas is very far from the earth. Scientists found that it will never come close to ____116____ planet, so everyone can feel safe.
Why are scientists so ____117____ about this space visitor Because it can help us learn more about other
star systems in the ____118____. We can find out how planets and stars form in different parts of space by ____119____ these interstellar travelers. Who knows Maybe one day you will make an important discovery about space, too!
补全对话
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: Hi, Tom! ____120____
B: I’m reading a book about the solar system.
A: Really I’m also interested in it. Could you tell me something about its planets
B: Sure. ____121____
A: Jupiter. I heard of it in a movie.
B: Well. Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system.
A: ____122____. Could you tell me more
B: Of course. Jupiter has at least 79 known moons. And it also has many beautiful rings.
A: Many beautiful rings ____123____
B: Jupiter has three main rings.
A: ____124____ I also want to read it.
B: Sure. I’ll give it to you as soon as I finish reading.
A: Thank you very much.
参考答案
1．Her kindness has helped many poor children.
2．Tears in her eyes showed her sadness.
3．The darkness of night made us walk slowly.
4．I feel deep sadness.
6．His fast running made him win the race.
7．After the trip, tiredness made her sleep all day.
8．Family time brings us a lot of happiness.
9．His anger made everyone quiet.
10．The business of the city never stops.
11．The simplicity of the plan makes it easy to carry out.
12．His ability in math helped him solve the difficult problem.
13．There are many differences between cats and dogs.
14．The importance of water is clear to everyone.
15．Kindness can warm people’s hearts.
16．She couldn’t hide her sadness.
17．His weakness made him give up.
18．This room is bigger than that one.
19．The rabbit is the smallest of them.
20．I am much older than my brother.
21．Lin Ping is a little more outgoing than me.
22．This tree is very tall.
23．His dream is the same as mine.
24．This film is as interesting as that one.
25．I think English is less important than maths.
26．Which is heavier, a pig or an elephant
27．Who has more books, Lin Tao or Han Mei
28．It gets colder and colder when winter comes.
29．Our hometown is getting more and more beautiful.
30．The more, the better.
31．The harder you study, the better grades you will get.
32．Jack is the taller of the two.
33．Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
34．Spring is the best season of the year.
35．Jack studies (the) hardest in our class.
36．New York is one of the biggest cities in the world.
37．The Yangtze River is the longest river in our country.
38．Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon
39．Who runs (the) fastest, Kate, Tom or Mike
40．The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.
41．He is taller than any other student in his class.
42．Shanghai is larger than any city in Hubei.
43．The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Wuhan.
44．The texts in Book Ⅲ are much easier than those in Book IV.
45．proved
46．appear
47．closer
48．farther
49．natural
50．responsibility
51．smaller
52．brighter
53．nearest
54．happiness
55．average
56．common
57．wide
58．surface
59．Rockets
60．A
61．D
62．B
63．D
64．D
65．D
66．A
67．B
68．B
69．B
70．A 71．C 72．B 73．A 74．D 75．C 76．C 77．B 78．D 79．B
80．A 81．D 82．C 83．D 84．B 85．D 86．A 87．C 88．A 89．A
90．A 91．B 92．D 93．A 94．B
95．B 96．C 97．C 98．C 99．B
100．as 101．star##tar 102．satellite 103．around##round 104．because 105．turn
106．or 107．survive##urvive 108．closer 109．power##ower
110．and 111．makes 112．In 113．third 114．surely 115．head 116．our
117．curious 118．universe 119．exploring
120．What are you reading/doing 121．Which planet do you want to know about 122．Sounds interesting
123．How many rings does it have 124．Could you lend the book to me

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