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Unit 6 Earth and Beyond
阅读还原 5 选 5 话题：人与自然 —地球与宇宙
巩固基础·专项突破
Passage 1
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项。
When you look up at the night sky, the brightest object you see is the Moon. It is the Earth’s closest neighbor in space and our only natural satellite. Long ago, Chinese people told stories about a woman named Chang’e living there. ____1____
The Moon is much smaller than the Earth — only about one-quarter of its size. ____2____ It only throws back light from the Sun, like a mirror (镜子).
The ground of the Moon is covered with dust (尘埃), rocks, and many large round holes. There is no air or water, so nothing can live there. ____3____ At night, it gets very cold — about -150℃. That is much colder than the coldest place on the Earth.
The Moon travels around the Earth. One trip takes about 27 days. ____4____ These changes are known as the Moon’s shapes.
Many countries have sent machines and people to study the Moon. ____5____ The Moon is not just part of old stories — it is a new world that we are still learning about.
A．In the future, humans may build a place to live there.
B．During the day, it becomes very hot — about 120℃.
C．But we now know the Moon is a quiet place where nothing lives.
D．Although it looks very bright, the Moon doesn’t make its own light.
E．Sometimes it looks like a bright circle (圆圈), sometimes like a thin banana.
Passage 2
Earth is our home. It has air that we can breathe (呼吸). It has water for us to drink. It has some plants and some animals that we can eat. Earth is not too hot or too cold for us. ___6___
We are on Earth, but we can see things that are not on Earth. Early in the morning, we can see the sun come up. All day, the sun seems to move across the sky. ___7___ But the sun is not really moving around us. We are the ones who are moving. Every morning, we turn towards the sun. Every night, we turn away from it. Every year, we go around it. Earth is our spaceship. ___8___
At night, we can often see the moon and stars. Looking from Earth, stars look like little points of light because they are so far away. But stars are really big. A star is a great mass (团) of burning gas (燃烧的气体).
___9___ Our sun is a star.
There are eight planets moving around our sun. ___10___ Some of the planets have moons. A moon goes around a planet just as a planet goes around a star. Earth has only one moon. Some planets have more.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．All of us on the ship are riding around the sun.
B．It gives off light and heat.
C．It has everything we need to live.
D．Later in the day, we can see the sun go down.
E．Earth is the third planet from the sun.
Passage 3
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺、连贯、意思完整。
The solar system is a wonderful place that we are still learning about. It includes the Sun, eight planets and many other small objects.
The Sun is at the center of the solar system. ____11____ It gives light and heat to all the planets, and without it, life on Earth would not be possible at all.
Earth is our home in the solar system. ____12____ It has water, air and all kinds of living things. No other planet in the solar system has life like Earth does.
Mars is called the “Red Planet” because of its color. ____13____ Scientists are studying Mars to see if it could support life in the future. Many people are interested in travelling to Mars one day.
____14____ Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun; Venus is covered with thick clouds; and Jupiter,
Saturn, Uranus and Neptune are larger than Earth.
How can we learn more about the solar system ____15____ Learning about the solar system helps us know more about our world and the universe.
A．It is the only planet with life.
B．We can read books or watch films about it.
C．It has a red surface and there’s also ice on it.
D．It is a huge ball of fire and much bigger than any planet.
E．Other planets in the solar system also have their own special features.
Passage 4
When you look up at the sky at night, you can see many stars. But do you know the Sun is a star too Yes, it is the only one in the solar system. As a star, the Sun has eight planets around it, and Earth is one of them. Among the eight planets, Earth is a middle-sized one, with a diameter of around 13,000 kilometers.
____16____ They are Mercury, Venus and Mars. The other four planets are larger. They are Jupiter, Saturn,
Uranus and Neptune. In the solar system, Jupiter is the largest planet, ____17____
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, at a distance of about 58 million kilometers, while Neptune is the farthest, at a distance of about 4.5 billion kilometers. As for Earth, it is the third closest, closer than Mars but farther away than Venus and Mercury. Mercury and Venus are much hotter than Earth, while Jupiter, Uranus and Neptune are much colder: For example, the temperature on Neptune is around minus 200℃. ____18____ As our home, Earth is alive with life because it is neither too hot nor too cold. Mars is more similar to Earth in size and temperature. ____19____ So scientists are looking for life on Mars.
____20____ Together, they make up the amazing solar system.
根据材料内容, 从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项, 使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Three of the planets are smaller than Earth.
B．Besides the eight planets, there are many other smaller ones.
C．No living things can survive on these planets.
D．with a diameter of about 140,000 kilometers.
E．And there’s also ice there!
Passage 5
What do black holes (黑洞) look like Human beings have wanted to find out for a long time. In 2019, we finally got the answer: ____21____
____22____ Scientists didn’t use a camera to take the picture. They used eight radio telescopes (射电望远
镜) in different places around the world. The telescopes got signals (信号) from the black hole. Scientists used computers to process (处理) the signals. It took them two years to get the final picture.
____23____ One light-year is the distance that light travels in one year. One light-year is about 9 trillion kilometers.
This is not the only black hole in the universe. ____24____ The one in our galaxy (星系) is called
Sagittarius A (人马座 A).
Black holes are some of the most mysterious things in the universe. ____25____
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Scientists took the world’s first photo of a black hole.
B．Actually, scientists believe every large galaxy has a big black hole at its center.
C．This photo can help us learn more about them.
D．The black hole is very far from Earth-about 55 million light-years away.
E．They look like dark circles with a bright ring around the outside.
Passage 6
阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的五个选项中选出能填入短文空白处的最佳选项，使短文通顺连贯、意思完
整。
Earth is our home. It has air that we can breathe. It has water for us to drink. It has some plants and some animals that we can eat. Earth is not too hot or too cold for us. ____26____
We are on Earth, but we can see things that are not on Earth. Early in the morning, we can see the sun come up. All day, the sun seems to move across the sky. ____27____ But the sun is not really moving around us. We are the ones who are moving. Every morning, we turn towards the sun. Every night, we turn away from it. Every year, we go around it. Earth is our spaceship. ____28____
At night, we can often see the moon and stars. Stars from Earth look like little points of light because they are so far away. But stars are really big. A star is a great mass (团) of burning (燃烧的) gas. ____29____ Our sun
is a star.
There are eight planets moving around our sun. ____30____ Some of the planets have moons. A moon goes around a planet just as a planet goes around a star. Earth has only one moon. Some planets have more.
A．All of us are riding around the sun.
B．It gives off light and heat.
C．It has everything we need to live.
D．Earth is the third planet from the sun.
E．Later in the day, we can see the sun go down.
Passage 7
Space exploration is an exciting journey to learn about the universe. ___31___ With the development of technology, we start to explore it in different ways.
___32___ Telescopes help scientists see faraway stars, planets and the Milky Way. Some telescopes are on the ground, while others are in space, like the Hubble Space Telescope. These tools allow us to watch objects that are very far away.
___33___ Satellites travel around the earth and are used for many purposes. For example, they help us forecast (预测) the weather, communicate with people around the world, and take pictures of the earth and space.
Besides satellites, humans have sent astronauts into space. ___34___ Later, in 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. Astronauts go into space by spaceship and rocket. They do research and learn about space.
___35___ Robots like the Mars Rover have explored Mars. They take pictures, collect soil samples (样品) and search for signs of life. Space exploration helps us understand the universe.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．One important way is by using telescopes.
B．Humans are always interested in space.
C．Robots are also very useful in space exploration.
D．Another way is by sending satellites into space.
E．The first person to go to space was Yuri Gagarin in 1961.
Passage 8
People call the sun and its planets the solar system. The earth is a planet and it goes around the sun. ___36___ None of them has an environment like that of the earth. In fact, our solar system is a small part of a much larger group of stars and planets, called the Galaxy or the Milky Way. There are billions of stars in the Galaxy. ___37___
Scientists also discovered many other galaxies in the universe. They are very far away and their light has to travel for many years to reach us. ___38___ It is impossible to imagine (想象) .
Some spaceships went to the planet Mars to take photos. ___39___ However, they never travelled far enough to reach other stars in our Galaxy.
___40___ With so many stars in the universe, are we alone, or is there life out there in space Did any visitors come to the earth from other planets Why did no one communicate with us We do not know the answer
yet.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．Seven other planets also go around the sun.
B．Some spaceships travelled outside the solar system.
C．So how large is the universe
D．Scientists always have plenty of questions.
E．Our sun is only one of them.
Passage 9
Space is far away from us. ____41____
Meteors (流星体)
When a tiny meteor goes into the atmosphere (大气层) of Earth, it will produce light and heat. Most of the time, there are just a few meteors in an hour. ____42____
Solar eclipse (日食)
The Moon keeps moving around Earth. Sometimes the Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth.
This stops most of the sunlight from reaching Earth. ____43____ This phenomenon (现象) is called solar eclipse.
Don’t forget to wear special sunglasses to protect your eyes when watching a solar eclipse.
Double stars accompanying (陪伴) the Moon
Looking up at the sky on a quiet night, you may be surprised to find there are three objects shining in the sky. ____44____ No! This phenomenon is called double stars accompanying the Moon. It usually happens after the sunset (日落) or before the sunrise (日出). ____45____ Every month you might see this phenomenon.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．So we cannot see the Sun from Earth.
B．And it lasts for some hours or even a whole night.
C．As they move across the sky, it is like rain falling from the sky.
D．Are they three moons
E．But we can see many amazing space wonders with our eyes on the Earth.
Passage 10
In space, Earth is unique. For example, Earth has a diameter of about 13,000 kilometers. What’s more, it is not too far away from the Sun, so its average temperature is around 14 degrees Celsius. ____46____ Earth also has lots of water, so it looks like a blue planet. Earth has some interesting neighbors. ____47____
Mars is one of them. It is smaller than Earth. ____48____ What’s more, Mars is farther from the Sun than
Earth, so its average temperature is around minus 63℃.
____49____ It is closer to the Sun than Earth, and its average temperature is around 467 degrees Celsius. This is because Venus has a thick atmosphere that traps (吸收) heat. What’s more, there is no water on Venus, and its surface is very hot and dry.
There are also some other neighbors. ____50____ Scientists keep studying to learn more about them and the space.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺，内容完整。
A．It has a diameter of about 6,800 kilometers.
B．This temperature is perfect for life.
C．And each of them has its own special features.
D．Venus is another neighbor.
E．But there are many differences between Earth and its neighbors.
培优拔高·挑战攻坚
Passage 1
Many teenagers are interested in space, but they don’t know how to learn more about it. ____51____ Here are some tips to help you explore the wonderful world of space.
____52____ You can start by reading books or watching documentaries about the solar system. There are many great books written for teenagers that explain space knowledge in a fun way. Documentaries can also show you amazing images of planets and stars.
Second, join a space club. Many schools have science clubs that focus on space. ____53____ You can talk with other students who share your interest and learn from each other.
Third, visit space museums or observatories. ____54____ You can see real rockets, spacesuits and models of planets there. Observatories allow you to look at stars and planets through telescopes.
Finally, ask questions. Don’t be afraid to ask your science teacher or parents about space. ____55____
You’ll be surprised how much you can learn.
A．First, learn the basics.
B．They will be happy to help you find answers.
C．Many teenagers don’t know where to begin.
D．Being part of a club can make learning space more interesting.
E．These places can give you hands-on experience with space science.
Passage 2
Venus (金星) is close to Earth. ___56___ Earth is the third planet from the Sun. Venus is similar to Earth in size and mass (质量). It is often described as Earth’s “sister”.
Scientists have been learning about Venus for a long time. First, they looked at Venus through telescopes (望远镜). But Venus is covered with thick clouds. ___57___ So, they made guesses about it.
For a long time, scientists thought that Venus had water and plants. They thought Venus might have animals, too. ___58___
___59___ In the 1960s, they began sending probes (航天探测器) to Venus. The probes flew through the thick clouds. They took pictures of Venus up close. They found out many things, too. The probes sent the pictures and things they found out back to the scientists.
___60___ First, they learned that most of their guesses were not right. And they learned that Venus is very hot.
A．Then scientists found a way to learn more about Venus.
B．It is the second planet from the Sun.
C．The scientists learned a lot from the probes.
D．But they didn’t know for sure.
E．Scientists could not see Venus well through the clouds.
Passage 3
There are only two big astronomy (天文学) Museums in our country. One is in Beijing, the other is in
Shanghai. The Shanghai Astronomy Museum opened to the public several months ago. The museum is in the Pudong New Area. ____61____ The size makes it the world’s largest astronomy museum. It is a section of the
Shanghai Science and Technology Museum. It’s a good place to open your eyes and make your life more colorful.
The museum includes a main building and other facilities (设施), such as a research center for young visitors.
There are about 12,500 square meters for people to visit. There is a star experience hall in the museum.
____62____
The museum has collected 70 stones from space including those from the moon, Mars and so on. ____63____ It has over 120 collections now. Among them are works from Newton, Galileo and other great people.
____64____ Different high technologies will be experienced by visitors. They can learn a lot about astronomy by communicating with the things on show in the museum.
____65____ You can get the chance to try out what you have learned in class. It will be a useful way to make you become more interested in what you have learned about astronomy.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
A．High technologies make the exhibitions lively.
B．The museum also collects handmade art works.
C．It covers an area of about 38,164 square meters.
D．Visitors can watch the stars on a large screen clearly.
E．If you visit the museum, you will have a truly educational trip.
Passage 4
Venus is one of the eight planets in the solar system. It is the second planet from the Sun at the center of the solar system. ___66___
●Extreme Temperature (极端的温度)
___67___ Although it is not the closest planet to the Sun, its thick atmosphere (大气层) makes the surface temperature extremely high.
●Unique Rotation (独特的自转)
Venus has a very special rotation pattern. While most planets rotate counter-clockwise (逆时针), Venus rotates clockwise. ___68___
●Bright Appearance
___69___ Venus is one of the brightest objects in the sky after the Sun and Moon. It can often be seen even in the daytime under certain conditions because of the bright appearance.
●Exploration
The exploration of Venus has been an important responsibility for the scientific community. ___70___ These missions (任务) have helped us prove some theories related to the planet and learn more about its atmosphere, surface, and other features.
A．This strange rotation makes the Sun rise in the west and set in the east on Venus.
B．Here are some interesting facts about it.
C．Many space agencies (机构) have sent probes to Venus for exploration.
D．The high temperature on Venus is a result of its unique atmospheric conditions.
E．Venus is very bright in the night sky.
Passage 5
Do you know anything about the Moon How much do you know about it Do you want to go there
Scientists have told us so much about the Moon.
They have discovered that the Moon is an unfriendly place. There is no air or water. There are only dust (沙
尘) and rocky (岩石构成的) mountains covering its surface. ___71___ When the Sun shines in the day, the temperature is very high. Daytime temperatures can reach 127℃ when the Sun shines, hot enough to boil water!
But at night, it drops to -173℃, colder than Antarctica.
___72___ As we know, sound can only travel in the air, but there is no air on the Moon. Without air, sound cannot travel. Although two astronauts stood close, they would need radios to communicate. ___73___
From the Moon, Earth looks like a bright blue-and-white ball hanging in the dark sky. The scene would be wonderful. ___74___
Though challenging, China has made amazing progress in exploring the Moon. In 2013, Chang’e-3 became the first Chinese spacecraft to soft-land on the Moon, carrying the Yutu rover that studied lunar soil for 31 months. In 2024, Chang’e-6 successfully brought back 1.935 kilograms of moon samples, helping scientists discover new facts about the Moon’s volcanic history. ___75___
Would you like to join future missions to build a lunar research station
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。
A．The Moon is also a silent (无声的) world.
B．Even a loud crash (碰撞声) would be completely silent!
C．These achievements show China’s growing space technology.
D．The temperature of the Moon is different from day to night.
E．Many astronauts say seeing Earth from space changes their ideas about our planet.
Passage 6
Some scientists believe that Mars is the planet with the highest chance of supporting human life away from
Earth.
They believe that it’s possible for human to reach Mars by 2030. However, there are many things to prepare before this can happen. ___76___ Recently, scientists have sent robots to Mars to gather information about the planet.
Putting people on Mars will include (包括) planning how a person will live on Mars. At its shortest distance, Mars is 55 million kilometers away from Earth. ___77___ And astronauts would have to stay on Mars for over 18 months before Earth and Mars are at their closest distance again. The difficulties would include how much food and other things would be needed for over two years in space and how such things would be carried.
___78___ They would need to prepare both their minds and bodies for such a long trip away from Earth.
NASA set up a special research building in Hawaii. A group of astronauts stayed in this research building for 366 days. During their stay, they had to deal with what they might have to deal with on Mars. ___79___ They had to live with each other in a very small space. They also had to deal with the problems of having lots of time with little or nothing to do. They couldn’t receive help from people outside for the whole time they were inside.
___80___ There is no doubt about it.
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
A．Astronauts have been the key to the plan.
B．For example, they had to be fed with bad food.
C．One day humans will be able to live on Mars.
D．Scientists must make some research on Mars well.
E．So it would take about 6 months for a one-way trip.
Passage 7
Are we alone in space Is the Earth the only planet that has life ____81____ Now we may get one step closer to the answers.
On Feb. 22nd, NASA said they found seven Earth-like planets (行星). ____82____. The planets go around a dwarf star called Trappist-1. It is much smaller and cooler than our sun. They are about 39 light-years (光年) from the Earth. ____83____ But scientists say it’s a little close.
____84____ If you lived on one of them, you could possibly see the clouds around the next planet. More importantly, three of the planets are at the perfect distance (距离) from the Sun. ____85____ If there is liquid water (液态水), there could be life.
For scientists, the finding is not an end. Next, they will try to find out if the planets have atmospheres
A．That seems too far away from us.
B．They all nearly have the same size as Earth.
C．These are big questions in the science world.
D．It means there could be liquid water on them.
E．The seven planets are very close to one another.
Passage 8
The longest total solar eclipse (日全食) of the 21st century took place in China and some other countries in Asia on July 22, 2009. ___86___, including Hangzhou, Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuxi, Suzhou, Changzhou, Chengdu,
Chongqing, Wuhan, Nanchang and Hefei.
___87___, people rushed into the streets to observe (观察) the natural wonder. As daylight disappeared and the sky quickly darkened, those people were excited. Cities such as Shanghai were plunged into darkness during what is thought to be the longest total solar eclipses of the 21st century. The longest time it lasted was 6 minutes and 39 seconds.
Total solar eclipses of such a long time are very rare (稀罕的). ___88___. We’ll have to wait a few hundred years for another opportunity to observe a total solar eclipse that lasts this long, ___89___.
Think about what happened, one Shanghai resident (居民) said, “It’s like magic, ___90___. I have no idea where I am right now. It feels like a different world.”
根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整。
A．so it’s a very special opportunity
B．When it took place
C．different people had different feelings
D．The solar eclipse could be seen in more than 40 cities in China
E．We can experience but once in a life time
参考答案
1．C 2．D 3．B 4．E 5．A
6．C 7．D 8．A 9．B 10．E
11．D 12．A 13．C 14．E 15．B
16．A 17．D 18．C 19．E 20．B
21．E 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．C
26．C 27．E 28．A 29．B 30．D
31．B 32．A 33．D 34．E 35．C
36．A 37．E 38．C 39．B 40．D
41．E 42．C 43．A 44．D 45．B
46．B 47．E 48．A 49．D 50．C
51．C 52．A 53．D 54．E 55．B
56．B 57．E 58．D 59．A 60．C
61．C 62．D 63．B 64．A 65．E
66．B 67．D 68．A 69．E 70．C
71．D 72．A 73．B 74．E 75．C
76．D 77．E 78．A 79．B 80．C
81．C 82．B 83．A 84．E 85．D
86．D 87．B 88．E 89．A 90．C

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