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复习要点 1、围绕太阳系、宇宙探索主题，介绍地球、行星等天体特点，对比行星差异，谈论太空探索与未来太空生活。2、重点掌握宇宙、天体、航天类名词和描述天体特征的形容词；掌握 in space, go around, far away from, solar system, man-made, in the future 等核心短语。 掌握形容词比较级和最高级；能用一般现在时描述天体客观规律；区分 in space /on Earth 冠词用法。 能围绕 “介绍行星、畅想太空生活” 开展口语对话与科普短文写作，了解太阳系知识，培养探索宇宙的科学精神。
复习重难点 重点：1. 掌握形容词比较级、最高级描述行星大小、远近、明暗差异； 熟记天体、航天类核心词汇与 in space, go around, solar system 等固定短语； 能用核心句型介绍行星特征、描述太空未来生活、表达太空探索梦想。 难点：写作口语做到：行星特征对比清晰、未来计划时态统一、语句通顺逻辑分层。
单元考点：单词、短语、句型
知识点 1：It is the largest and brightest object in the solar system, and it gives us light and
warmth.（它是太阳系中最大、最亮的天体，并且给我们提供光和热。）（P92） give 意为 “给；提供；赠送”，其用法如下：
一、核心用法
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 把某物给某人（双宾语结构）例：She gives me a gift. = She gives a gift to me. 她送给我一份礼物。
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事例：Don’t give up practicing. 不要放弃练习。
give away 赠送；泄露例：He gave away his old books. 他捐赠了他的旧书。 give out 分发；发出（光、热）
例：The sun gives out light and heat. 太阳发出光和热。
give back 归还；退回例：Please give back the notebook on time. 请按时归还笔记本。 give in 屈服，让步例：Don’t give in when you meet trouble. 遇到困难不要屈服。
必考难点：变形 & 代词双宾语规则
give 的过去式 gave；过去分词 given。当直接宾语是代词 it /them 时，只能用 give sth. to sb.，不能用 give sb. sth.
易混区分
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事（up 是介词，后接动名词） give away：赠送；give back：归还。
写作常用句型
Never give up, and you will make your dream come true.永不放弃，你就会实现梦想。
【即时小练】
1．—I will ________ my old toys to the poor kids.
—That’s great!
A．give up B．give away C．give out 2．You should give ________ smoking. It’s bad for your health. D．give in
A．up B．away C．back 3．Here is Tom’s new watch. Please give ________. D．out
A．him it B．it to him C．him to it D．it him
知识点 2： It’s about 150,000,000 kilometers away from the earth to the sun.（从地球到
太阳大约有 1.5 亿公里远。）（P93）
away from 意为 “远离；离开”，其用法如下：
核心用法
be away from + 地点远离某地；离开某地（状态，可与时间段连用）
例：My home is far away from our school. 我家离学校很远。
stay/keep away from sth./sb. 远离某物 / 某人；避开例：Keep away from the fire. 远离火源。 move away from 搬离；从…… 离开例：They moved away from the small town. 他们搬离了这座小镇。
写作常用句型
We should keep away from bad habits. 我们应该远离坏习惯。
The moon is far away from the Earth. 月球离地球很远。
【即时小练】
4．The station is two kilometers ________ the village.
A．far away B．away from C．far from D．far away from
5．You must ________ the dangerous animals in the zoo.
A．keep away from B．be away C．far away D．far from
6．His father ________ his hometown for ten years.
A．left B．has left C．has been away from D．leaves
知识点 3：The sun provides energy, light and heat for the earth.（太阳为地球提供能量、
光和热。）（P93）
provide：及物动词，含义：提供；供给变形：provides（三单），provided（过去式 / 过去分词），providing（现在分词）
固定搭配：
provide sb. with sth. 给某人提供某物例：The school provides students with books. 学校为学生提供书籍。
provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物例：They provide food for homeless people. 他们给无家可归的人提供食物。
辨析 provide， give 与 offer
provide “提供；供应” provide sb. with sth.＝provide sth. for sb.
give “给予” give sb. sth.＝give sth. to sb.
offer “主动提出；自愿给予” offer sb. sth.＝offer sth. to sb.
【即时小练】
7．The farm provides fresh vegetables ________ the villagers.
A．with B．for C．to D．at
8．Our school ________ us with many kinds of after school activities every term.
A．provide B．provides C．providing D．provided
知识点 4:The Big Dipper looks like a spoon.（北斗七星看起来像一把勺子。）（P94）
look like：动词短语，含义：看起来像；看上去……（询问 / 描述外貌、外观）
变形：looks like（三单），looked like（过去式），looking like（现在分词）
固定搭配：
What does sb. look like 询问人的外貌（长相）例：—What does your brother look like 你哥哥长什么样？
—He is tall with short hair. 他很高，留短发。
What does sth. look like 询问事物外观、样子例：What does Mars look like 火星是什么样子？ 3. 主语 + look (s) like + 名词 / 代词 看起来像…… 例：The cloud looks like a spaceship. 这朵云看起来像一艘宇宙飞船。
【即时小练】
9．—What ________ the planet ________
—It’s red and it’s far away from the Earth.
A．does; look like B．is; look like 10．The moon ________ a big silver plate. C．do; look D．is; like
A．look like B．looks like 11．— ________ — He is quiet and helpful. C．is look like D．looks
A．What does he look like B．What is he like C．How does he look D．How is he
知识点 5：The inner planets are smaller and made of rocks and soil, while the outer planets are larger and made of gas with rocks inside.（内行星更小，由岩石和土壤构成；而外行星更大，由气体构成，内部有岩石。）（P96）
be made of + 原材料名词 由…… 制成（成品上可以直接看出原料）
例：The table is made of wood. 这张桌子是木头做的。
短语 侧重点 特点 例句
be made of 由…… 制成 能看出原材料 The ring is made of gold. 这个戒指是 黄金做的。
be made from 由…… 制成 看不出原材料，发生化学变化 Paper is made from wood. 纸由木头制 成。
be made in 在……（地方）制造 后接地点名词 This watch is made in China. 这块手表 中国制造。
be made by 由……（人）制作 后接动作执行者 The model rocket was made by Tom. 这个火箭模型是 Tom 做的。
while：连词 / 名词
①连词：然而；当…… 的时候；②名词：一段时间固定搭配：
while 连词，然而，表对比
例：The inner planets are smaller, while the outer planets are larger.内行星更小，而外行星更大。
while 连词，当…… 的时候，引导时间状语从句，从句常用进行时态，从句动词必须是延续性动词
例：I was reading while my sister was watching TV.我在看书，与此同时我妹妹在看电视。
after a while 过了一会儿（名词用法）例：After a while, he came back. 过了一会儿，他回来了。
【即时小练】
12．Wine is made ________ grapes. We can’t see grapes in wine.
A．of B．from C．in D．by
13．Some planets are small, ____ others are huge.
A．when B．while C．if D．because
知识点 6：Why is the sun so important There are at least two reasons: It keeps the planets in the solar system. It gives heat and light to the earth.（为什么太阳如此重要？至少
有两个原因： 它使行星留在太阳系中。 它给地球提供热和光。）（P97）
at least 至少；起码（修饰数量、程度）
例：There are at least eight planets in the solar system.太阳系中至少有八颗行星。
短语 中文含义 侧重点 例句
at least 至少；起码 强调最低限度，数量不少于…… You should sleep at least 8 hours. 你至 少要睡 8 小时。
at most 至多；最多 强调最高限度，数量不超过…… I can wait at most ten minutes. 我最多 只能等十分钟。
【即时小练】
14．The planet is ________ 300 million kilometres away from the Earth.
A．at least B．at most C．at last 15．We have ________ 20 minutes to finish the work, not more than that. D．at once
A．at least B．at most C．at first D．at times
知识点 7： The earth is our only home planet. It is neither too close nor too far from the
sun.（地球是我们唯一的家园行星。它距离太阳既不太远也不太近。）（P97）
neither...nor...：并列连词短语，含义：既不…… 也不……（否定两者）
变形：无词形变化并列词组的常见用法
both...and... 当连接两个并列结 “……和……”，谓语动词用复数： Both Tom and I like the movie.
not only...but also... “不但……而且……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Not only he but also I am interested in the movie.
either...or... 构作主语 时 “要么……要么”“或者……或者”，谓语动词的数遵循就近 原则： Either you or she is going there tomorrow.
neither...nor... “既不……也不……”，谓语动词的数遵循就近原则： Neither Tom nor I am going there tomorrow.
【即时小练】
16．—Which of the two planets is made of gas
—________. They are both rocky planets.
A．Both B．Neither C．Either 17．Neither my brother nor I ________ interested in space. D．All
A．am B．is C．are D．be
知识点 8：Mars is more similar to Earth in size and temperature.（火星在大小和温度上
与地球更相似。）（P98）
be similar to：形容词短语，含义：与…… 相似
固定搭配：
A be similar to B A 与 B 相似（主语 A 和 B 作比较）例：Mars is similar to the Earth in some ways.火星在某些方面和地球相似。
be similar in + 方面 在某方面相似例：The two planets are similar in size.这两颗行星在大小方面相似。
短语 中文含义 侧重点 例句
be similar to 与…… 相似 两者有共同点，但不完全一样 Your bag is similar to mine. 你的包 和我的很像。
be the same as 和…… 相同 强调几乎一模一样 Your pen is the same as mine. 你的 钢笔和我的一样。
be different from 与…… 不同 两者存在差异 The inner planets are different from outer planets. 内行星和外行星不一 样。
【即时小练】
18．My new model rocket is ________ the one you bought last week. They look almost the same.
A．similar to B．different from C．good at 19．The two planets are ________ in size, but they are not the same. D．late for
A．different B．similar C．interested D．ready
知识点 9：Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific exploration.
（细心和责任感在科学探索中起着重要作用。）（P100）
play an important role in：含义：在…… 中起重要作用；在…… 中扮演重要角色
固定搭配：
play an important role in sth. 在某事 / 某物方面起重要作用例：Water plays an important role in our life.水在我们的生活中起着重要作用。
play an important role in doing sth. 在做某事方面起重要作用（in 为介词，后接名词或动名词）例：Scientists play an important role in exploring space.科学家在探索太空方面发挥重要作用。
【即时小练】
20．The sun plays an important role ________ all living things.
A．at B．in C．for 21．Computers play an important role in ________ space. D．with
A．explore B．to explore C．exploring D．explored
知识点 10：The high cost is a big weakness in space exploration.（高昂的成本是太空探索
中的一个大劣势。）（P100）
cost：及物动词，含义：花费（金钱）；价钱为
变形：costs（三单），cost（过去式 / 过去分词），costing（现在分词）
固定搭配：
sth. cost (s) sb. + 钱 某物花费某人多少钱（物作主语）例：The model spaceship cost me 100 yuan. 这个宇宙飞船模型花了我 100 元。
sth. cost (s) + 钱 某物价值多少钱例：The rocket model costs 200 yuan. 这个火箭模型价值 200 元。
单词 中文含义 主语 核心结构 例句
cost 花费（金钱） 物 sth. cost(s) sb. money The book cost me 20 yuan. 这 本书花了我 20 元。
spend 花费（时间 / 金钱） 人 sb. spend …on sth./(in) doing sth. I spent 20 yuan on the book. 我 花 20 元买这本书。
take 花费（时间） 常用 it 作形式主语 It takes sb. time to do sth. It took me an hour to make the model. 我花一小时制作模型。
pay 支付（金钱） 人 sb. pay money for sth. I paid 20 yuan for the book. 我 付 20 元买这本书。
【即时小练】
22．The new spaceship model ________ me 80 yuan yesterday.
A．cost B．costs C．spend 23．I ________ 30 yuan for this book last week. D．spent
A．cost B．spent C．paid 24．It ________ me two hours to finish making the planet model. D．took
A．cost B．spent C．paid D．took
知识点 11：Mercury is smaller than Earth and it is closer to the Sun than Earth.（水星比
地球小，而且比地球离太阳近。）（P101）
be close to：靠近；接近
固定搭配：
1. be close to + 名词 / 代词 靠近……；离…… 近例：Mercury is close to the Sun. 水星离太阳很近。 2. 拓展：get close to 靠近；接近（动作）
例：Don’t get close to the big fire. 不要靠近大火。
【即时小练】
25．Mercury is close ________ the Sun.
A．with B．to C．for 26．The little boy wanted ________ close to the model spaceship. D．at
A．get B．getting C．to get 27．—Is the planet far from the sun —No. It ________ the sun. D．got
A．is close to B．is different from C．is good at D．is late for
知识点 12：The Death Valley is known as the hottest place on the earth and the driest
place in North America.（死亡谷被称为地球上最热的地方，也是北美洲最干旱的地方。）（P101）
be known as：
作为…… 而出名；被称作
固定搭配：
例：Venus is known as the Morning Star.金星被称作启明星。
短语 中文含义 侧重点 例句
be known as 作为…… 出名；被称作 后接身份、称号、别名 She is known as a great scientist. 她作为 一名伟大的科学家而出名。
be known for 因…… 而出名 后接出名的原因、特点 The town is known for its beautiful views. 这座小镇因美景闻名。
be known to 为…… 所熟知 后接对象，人 The rule is known to everyone. 这条规 则人人皆知。
【即时小练】
28．The sun is known ________ its light and heat.
A．as B．for C．to 29．This fact is known ________ all students in our class. D．at
A．as B．for C．to D．of
知识点 13： There is no water on Mars, so we have to produce some.（火星上没有水，所
以我们必须制造一些。）（P102）
并列连词
and ①“和，而且”，表并列、递进或顺承： He is a good teacher， and we all like him. ②“祈使句，and＋陈述句”表结果： Work hard， and you will get better grades next time.
but “但是，可是，而”，表转折： I don’t want to go there， but Mom said I must.
so “因此，所以”，表因果： I don’t have enough money， so I won’t buy the toy.
or ①“或者，还是”，表选择：Do it yourself or ask somebody else to do it.②“否则”，用于“祈使句，or＋陈述句”： Work hard， or you will fail the exam.
for “因为”，表原因： The plane won’t take off today， for a heavy rain is on the way.
while “然而”，表转折，用来表示对比： Some kids like running in the wild while others prefer to stay at home reading.
【即时小练】
30．Mars is small, ________ it is called the Red Planet.
A．and B．but C．or D．for
31．The planet looks beautiful, ________ we can’t live on it.
A．and B．but C．so D．or
32．You must study hard, ________ you won’t make your dream come true.
A．or B．and C．but D．so
知识点 14：Mars looks red because of its red soil, while most parts of Earth look blue
because of its oceans.（火星看起来是红色的，因为它的红色土壤；而地球的大部分地区看起来是蓝色的，因为它的海洋。）（P103）
because of：因为；由于
固定搭配：
1. because of + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词 (doing)，用来引出原因
例：People can’t live on Mars because of the terrible environment.由于恶劣的环境，人类不能在火星上生存。例：He couldn’t go to the space museum because of being ill.因为生病，他没能去太空博物馆。
短语 / 连词 中文含义 用法 例句
because of 因为，由于 介词短语，后接名词、代词、doing He stayed at home because of the rain. 因为下雨，他待在家里。
because 因为 连词，后接完整句子（主谓结构） He stayed at home because it rained. 因为下雨，他待在家里。
【即时小练】
33．We can’t see stars clearly ________ the bright light.
A．because B．because of C．so 34．He didn’t take part in the space show ________ he was busy. D．but
A．because B．because of C．for D．since
知识点 15：Although the two planets have many differences, they have something in
common-water.（虽然这两颗行星有很多不同之处，但它们有一个共同点 —— 水。）（P103）
although：连词,虽然；尽管
固定搭配：
1. although + 让步状语从句，意为虽然……（但是……），不能和 but 连用，可和 yet/still 连用
例：Although Mars is close to the Earth, we still can’t live there.虽然火星离地球较近，但是我们仍然不能在那
里生活。
连词 中文含义 侧重点 例句
although 虽然，尽管 较正式，常放句首；不与 but 连用 Although he is young, he knows much about space. 虽然他年纪小，但他懂 得很多太空知识。
though 虽然，尽管 口语常用；可放句末表 “然而”，可用于倒装 He is young though. 然而他年纪很 小。
but 但是 转折连词，不能和 He is young, but he knows much about
although/though 同时出 现在一个句子中 space. 他年纪小，但是懂得很多太空知识。
【即时小练】
35．________ Mars is red, we can’t see it with our eyes easily.
A．Although B．But C．So 36．Although it is far away, ________ we can study it with telescopes. D．Because
A．but B．/ C．so 37．________ the model rocket looks simple, it costs lots of money. D．and
A．Because B．If C．Although D．Or
知识点 16：Mars is waiting for us to explore, and so is the universe.（火星正等待我们去
探索，宇宙也是如此。）（P103）
wait 的用法
如：①I’m quite happy to wait for you here.我非常高兴在此等候您。
②Don’t wait to solve problems until the things go worse. 别等到事情变得更糟才解决问题。
【即时小练】
38．Please wait ________ me at the gate of the science museum.
A．/ B．for C．to 39．The children can’t wait ________ the spaceship model. D．at
A．see B．seeing C．to see D．saw
40．—Where is Tom
—He ________ for us outside.
A．wait B．waits C．is waiting D．waited
知识点 17： It takes Pluto about 248 Earth years to go around the Sun.（冥王星绕太阳一
周大约需要 248 个地球年。）（P107）
take：及物动词，含义较多，中考核心义：花费（时间）；拿；乘坐；带走
变形：takes（三单），took（过去式），taken（过去分词），taking（现在分词）
固定搭配：
It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 花费某人多长时间做某事例：It takes me an hour to finish my homework. 我花一小时完成作业。
take sth. to + 地点 把某物带到某地例：Please take your books to the classroom. 请把你的书带到教室。
take + 交通工具 乘坐某种交通工具
例：take the bus /take a plane 坐公交车 / 坐飞机
take away 拿走；带走例：Don’t take away my pen. 不要拿走我的钢笔。
take care of 照顾；照料例：She takes care of her little sister. 她照顾妹妹。
【即时小练】
41．It ________ him half an hour to walk to school every morning.
A．take B．takes C．took 42．My brother spent three days making the model rocket. =It ________ my brother three days ________ the model rocket. D．taking
A．takes; to make B．took; making C．took; to make 43．Please ________ your notebook to the lab tomorrow. D．take; make
A．take B．bring C．carry D．fetch
知识点 18：Without air, human beings can’t live on the planet.（没有空气，人类无法在
这颗行星上生存。）（P107）
live on：居住在（星球、岛屿等上面）；以…… 为食；靠…… 生活固定搭配：
live on + 星球 / 岛屿 居住在…… 上面例：Humans can’t live on Mars now. 人类现在不能在火星上居住。
live on + 食物 以…… 为食例：Some animals live on plants. 一些动物以植物为食。
live on + 钱 靠（收入）生活例：He lives on his savings. 他靠积蓄生活。
短语 中文含义 侧重点 例句
live on 居住在…… 之上；以…… 为食 后接星球、岛屿、食物、收入 People can live on the Earth. 人 类居住在地球上。
live in 居住在（某地内部，城市、国家、大区域） 后接城市、国家、大地点 She lives in Beijing. 她住在北 京。
【即时小练】
44．Humans can’t live ________ Venus because of its high temperature.
A．in B．on 45．Pandas live ________ bamboo. C．at D．for
A．in B．on C．at D．for
单元语法：后缀-ness 和形容词比较等级
常见的名词后缀-ness 的用法。
构词法：后缀 -ness（中考版梳理）
> 核心：-ness 名词后缀，表示：性质、状态、程度
> 构词公式：形容词 + -ness → 抽象名词
拼写变化（中考词形转换高频考点）
1. 一般情况：形容词 直接 + ness
kind adj. 善良的 → kindness n. 善良 - sad adj. 难过的 → sadness n. 悲伤
dark adj. 黑暗的 → darkness n. 黑暗
weak adj. 虚弱的 → weakness n. 弱点；虚弱
polite adj. 礼貌的 → politeness n. 礼貌
careful adj. 仔细的 → carefulness n. 细心
careless adj. 粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心
2. 形容词以辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i，再加 ness（必考！）
happy adj. 开心的 → happiness n. 幸福，快乐
busy adj. 忙碌的 → business n. 生意；繁忙
heavy adj. 重的 → heaviness n. 沉重
中考【重点】（讲义短句版）
重点：掌握形容词加 - ness 构成抽象名词的构词规则；牢记 “辅音 + y 结尾变 y 为 i 再加 - ness” 拼写；能判断词性，在词形转换题中正确变形；掌握 - ness 名词在句中作主语、宾语。
难点：区分形容词和其对应的 - ness 名词，写作、语法填空中根据句子成分选对形式；不要和后缀 -y（名词变形容词）混淆。
中考易混后缀对比（填空常考）
-y：名词 → 形容词，表 “充满… 的” wind（风 n.）→ windy（有风的 adj.）
-ness：形容词 → 名词，表 “… 的状态 / 性质” happy（开心的 adj.）→ happiness（快乐 n.）
中考真题式例句（可直接用于课堂）
We should show our kindness to others.（kind）我们应该对他人展现善意。
Happiness comes from hard work.（happy）幸福来源于努力。
解题小技巧（词形转换）看到括号内是形容词，空格需要名词（空前有冠词 / 物主代词，或者在主语、宾语位置），优先考虑变
-ness。
形容词比较等级一、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的构成规则
1. 规则变化
构成法 原级 比较级 最高级
单音节词末一般直接加 er 和 est great greater greatest
单音节词以 e 结尾，只加 r 和 st bravewide braverwider bravestwidest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er 和 est bighot biggerhotter biggesthottest
以辅音字母加 y 结尾的词，先变 y 为 i，再加 er 和 est happy happier happiest
多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加 more 和 most difficultexpensive more difficultmore expensive most difficultmost expensive
少数以 er，ow 结尾的双音节词，加 er 和 est clever cleverer cleverest
narrow narrower narrowest
注意：
有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加 er 和 est，又可以加 more 和 most 构成比较级和最高级。这些双音
节词是：common, handsome, polite, quiet, wicked, pleasant, cruel, stupid, tired 和以 ow，er 结尾的词。
有些形容词没有程度可分，或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：
right(正确的)，wrong(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，possible(可能的)，empty(空的)，favorite(最爱的)，perfect(完
美的)等。
2. 不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good, well better best
bad, ill worse worst
many, much 许多的 more most
little less least
far farther 距离远的 farthest 距离最远
far further 距离更远；程度更胜 furthest 距离最远；程度最深
old older/elder oldest/eldest
注意：elder 不能与 than 连用，只能用作定语修饰名词，仅用于同辈之间的排行，即家庭成员的长幼关系，
如：elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)
二、比较级和最高级的标志词
修饰形容词/副词比较级的词有：rather，much，still，even，far，by far (后置)，a lot，a little，a great deal，a bit, any 等。
The students study even harder than before.
学生们甚至比以前学习更努力了。
The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.
这本书比我以前读的书有趣多了。
最高级可用 by far，almost，nearly，one of 及序数词修饰，表示程度或顺序。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的。
比较级+than... (比......更......)
He rises earlier than anyone else in his class.
他比班里其他人都起得早。
less+than 多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词+than... (不如......)
This book is less amusing than that one.
这本书不如那本书有趣。
the+比较级+of (两者中更......的)
He is the taller of the two boys.他是两个男孩中较高的。
the+比较级+主语+谓语，the +比较级+主语+谓语（越......就越......）
The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you’ll make.
你越认真，犯的错误就越少。
易混点：the +最高级，副词最高级前通常不用 the .
Of all the mobile phones I like this one best.
在所有手机中，我最喜欢这个。
（7）“形容词/副词比较级＋and＋形容词/副词比较级”表示“越来越……” 在“比较级＋and＋比较级”结构中，单音节形容词或副词用“形容词/副词 er＋and＋形容词/副词 er”结构，多音节形容词和副词常用“more and more＋形容词或副词原级”结构。
Things are getting better and better day by day.
情况正在一天天好起来。
It’s becoming more and more difficult to find a rewarding job.
找一份令人满意的工作越来越困难了。
（8）否定词与比较级连用表示最高级
I have never heard a better voice.
我从来没有听过比这更好听的声音。
易混点：
(1) 类似用法的结构：can’t/couldn’t ... too＋adj./adv.＝can’t/couldn’t ... ＋adj./adv.＋enough 表示“无论……
也不为过”。
（2）英语中有些词没有比较级，但仍可表示比较级的意思，通常与介词 to 连用，不与 than 共同使用，如：
senior, junior, superior, inferior 等。
综合检测
一、根据汉语提示完成句子
46．There are ________ (少) students in our class than in yours.
47．Sandy is far ________ (勇敢) than I last saw her. How has she achieved that
48．I think ________ (没有任何东西) is more important than our health.
49．Everyone hopes the famous actor can ________ (出现) soon.
50．I felt even ________ (更糟的) after taking the medicine.
51．He looks through the ________ (望远镜)to watch the stars.
52．We need ________ (电) in our daily life.
53．The ________ (太阳的) energy gives us light and heat.
54．The ________ (直径) of the sun is much larger than that of the earth.
55．An ________ (小行星) is between the inner and outer planets.
56．The ________ (死亡) of the animal made us sad.
57．We should keep our ________ (责任) to protect the earth.
58．Penguins ________ (主要地) hunt for fish.
59．To make traffic smoother, the government plans to make the main streets ________ (更宽的).
60．The ________ (更深) we dig, the more water we can find.
61．After walking in the rain for an hour, my clothes were much ________ (湿的) than I had expected.
62．The Spring Festival is the most important traditional festival for Chinese people, whose celebrations ________
(包括) eating dumplings and visiting family members.
63．He always wears a black ________ (皮带) to match his shoes.
64．Nancy sees the competition as a chance to ______ (证明) herself.
65．She always wonders about the secrets of the ______ (宇宙).
二、用所给单词适当形式填空
66．Two ________ (astronaut) were sent to the space station last month.
67．The ________ (weigh) of the moon is about one-sixth of the earth’s.
68．The rapid ________ (develop) of technology helps us know more about the universe.
69．The ________ (succeed) of Chang’e-5 mission made all Chinese people proud.
70．Air ________ (pollute) is getting worse in some big cities.
71．We need ________ (scientific) methods to study the earth’s structure.
72．The ________ (planet) in our solar system all travel around the Sun.
73．All the spaceships must land ________ (safe) on the earth.
74．It is a great ________ (proud) to be part of the space program.
75．China’s ________ (explore) of Mars has won worldwide attention.
三、单项选择
76．After Kitty made friends with her new classmates, she felt much ________ than before.
A．happiest B．happy C．happier D．more happy
77．— It’s necessary to work in groups.
— I can’t agree more! It’s even ________ than the score.
A．less important B．more important C．the least important D．the most important
78．The new school library is ________ than the old one, and it has thousands of new books.
A．much beautiful B．very more beautiful
C．more much beautiful D．much more beautiful
79．The Yangtze River is ________ than ________ in China.
A．longer; any other river B．more; any other river
C．longer; any river D．more; any river
80．The more careful you are, the ________ mistakes you’ll make.
A．less B．more C．fewer D．little
81．The ________ you are, the ________ mistakes you will make.
A．more careful; fewer B．more careful; less C．more carefully; fewer D．careful; more
82．My classmate Lucy is ________ than any other student in my class. She always studies until midnight.
A．more outgoing B．more hard-working C．most outgoing D．most hard-working
83．Jack has ________ free time than Mike, so he has ________ hobbies than Mike.
A．fewer; less B．more; fewer C．less; fewer D．fewer; more
84．I stayed up late reading about space last night, ________ I feel very tired today.
A．so B．because C．but D．or
85．Carefulness and responsibility play an important role in scientific ________.
A．explore B．exploring C．exploration D．explored
四、完形填空
阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳项。
Is there any life in outer space We may think of the same planet — Mars. Mars is ___86___ than Earth. It has a diameter of around 6,800 kilometers and Earth’s diameter is around 13,000 kilometers. Mars looks red ___87___ of its red soil, while most parts of Earth look blue because of its ___88___. As a neighbor planet, Mars is farther ___89___ the Sun than Earth. Mars is about 228 million kilometers away from the Sun, ___90___ Earth is about 150 million kilometers away. That is ___91___ Mars is colder than Earth. The temperature on Mars is about -63°C; here on Earth, the temperature is about 14°C ___92___ average. ___93___ the two planets have many differences, they have something in common — water. On Mars, there’s a lot of ice under the ground; on Earth, we have water ___94___ on and under the ground. Mars is waiting for us to explore, ____95____ so is the universe.
86．A．small B．smaller C．smallest D．more small
87．A．because B．so C．but D．although
88．A．soil B．land C．oceans D．ice
89．A．to B．from C．with D．for
90．A．but B．so C．while D．because
91．A．how B．why C．when D．where
92．A．on B．at C．in D．for
93．A．Because B．So C．Although D．Since
94．A．both B．all C．either D．neither
95．A．but 五、阅读理解 B．or C．and D．nor
For many years, people have wanted to find out whether we are the only living things in the universe (宇
宙). Some scientists believe that there must be life on other planets because the universe is large. However, finding life on other planets is challenging because planets need a very special environment for life to exist. In the end, while direct evidence (直接证据) of life on other planets has not been found, there are findings that show the possibility of the environment that could support (维持) life.
Life needs very special and important conditions (条件), such as water, the right temperature and oxygen. The earth has the perfect conditions for life, and it is very impossible that another planet has the same environment as our earth.
What’s more, scientists believe that we don’t have enough facts to prove (证实) if there is life on other planets. They say, “It doesn’t mean that life exists there just because conditions on other planets are similar to those on earth.”
For me, although the universe is very big, a planet with life needs very special conditions. The earth has the right conditions for life. I don’t think that any other planets could have the same conditions as the earth. So I do not believe that there is life on other planets.
96．Why do scientists believe it is challenging to find life on other planets
A．Because other planets are too far from the earth.
B．Because there are too many planets to search for.
C．Because space travel technology is not developed enough.
D．Because planets need a special environment for life to exist.
97．What is one of the important things for life according to the text
A．Light. B．Space. 98．How does the writer start Paragraph 3 C．Water. D．Food.
A．By showing an idea. B．By asking a question. C．By telling a story. D．By listing a number.
99．What does the writer think of the possibility of life on other planets
A．Hopeful. 100．What’s the text B．Sad. C．Thankful. D．Negative.
A．A poem. B．A report. C．A story. D．A diary.
短文填空
阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空
Do you know ____101____ (something) about space We all live on a ____102____ (planet), and the planet is Earth. When you look up at the sky at night, you can see many ____103____ (star). The Sun is a star, too. There are eight ____104____ (planet) going around it. ____105____ (follow) the two stars on the right, and you can find the North Star. The Big Dipper looks ____106____ a spoon. Stars can have many ____107____ (difference) colors, such as white, blue, yellow and red. One star never ____108____ (appear) at night. It’s the Sun. It’s our ____109____ (day) star. We can learn a lot about stars ____110____ a telescope.
选词填空
阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
planet, satellite, astronaut, explore, gravity, universe, safe, succeed, besides, launch, develop, curious, report, weightlessness
When we look up at the night sky, we are looking at a small part of the huge ____111____. For thousands of years, humans have been ____112____ about the stars and ____113____.
In 1957, the first man-made ____114____ was sent into space. Since then, many countries have tried to ____115____ rockets and send ____116____ into space. These brave people have experienced ____117____ and learned how ____118____ works in space.
China has ____119____ made great progress in space research. ____120____ sending satellites, we have built our own space station. Scientists continue to ____121____ the universe to find more secrets.
Last week, a scientist came to our school to ____122____ on Chinese space programs. He told us that ensuring the ____123____ of astronauts is the top priority. With the ____124____ of technology, we believe humans will ____125____ in landing on Mars one day.
八、补全对话
根据下面的对话情景，在每个空白处填上一个适当的句子，使对话的意思连贯、完整。
A: The night sky is so beautiful.
B: Yeah. Look at that really bright star. ___126___
A: Yes, I do. It’s the planet Venus. It is the brightest planet in the solar system.
B: ___127___
A: Because it is close to Earth and its clouds are very good at reflecting (反射) light. Venus is the third smallest planet in the solar system.
B: ___128___
A: Its diameter is around 12,100 kilometers.
B: You know a lot about planets!
A: Thanks. ___129___.
B: An astronomer (天文学家) That sounds really cool. How are you going to make it happen
A: ___130___.
B: Great plan. Books are great teachers! I hope your dream can come true.
参考答案
1．B
2．A
3．B
4．B
5．A
6．C
7．B
8．B
9．A
10．B
11．B
12．B
13．B
14．A
15．B
16．B
17．A
18．A
19．B
20．B
21．C
22．A
23．C
24．D
25．B
26．C
27．A
28．B
29．C
30．A
31．B
32．A
33．B
34．A
35．A
36．B
37．C
38．B
39．C
40．C
41．B
42．C
43．B
44．B
45．B
46．fewer
47．braver
48．nothing
49．appear
50．worse
51．telescope
52．electricity
53．solar
54．diameter
55．asteroid
56．death
57．responsibility
58．mainly
59．wider
60．deeper
61．wetter
62．include
63．belt
64．prove
65．universe
66．astronauts
67．weight
68．development
69．success
70．pollution
71．scientific
72．planets
73．safely
74．pride
75．exploration
76．C
77．B
78．D
79．A
80．C
81．A
82．B
83．C
84．A
85．C
86．B 87．A 88．C 89．B 90．C 91．B 92．A 93．C 94．A 95．C
96．D 97．C 98．A 99．D 100．B
101．anything 102．planet 103．stars 104．planets 105．Follow 106．like 107．different 108．appears 109．day 110．through
111．universe 112．curious 113．planets 114．satellite 115．launch 116．astronauts
117．weightlessness 118．gravity 119．successfully 120．Besides 121．explore 122．report
123．safety 124．development 125．succeed
126．Do you know what it is/Do you know the name of it 127．Why does Venus look so bright/Why is it the brightest planet 128．What’s its diameter/What’s the diameter of Venus 129．I want to be an astronomer when I grow up/I want to be an astronomer in the future 130．I’m going to read many books about space/I’ll study hard and read more space books/I’ll read more books and search for more information about planets

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