资源简介

登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
中学英语语法系列之四 句法篇 之三 句子的种类
简单句
一、简单句(Simple Sentences)的定义
只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）的句子叫做简单句。
He learns German．他学德语。（一个主语和一个谓语）
Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music．汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。（一个并列主语和一个谓语）
We sang and danced yesterday evening．昨天晚上我们唱歌跳舞。（一个主语和一个并列调语）
My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and back home at seven in the evening．我和哥哥早上 7：30去上学，晚上7：00回家。（一个并列主语和一个并列谓语）
二、简单句的种类
（－）根据句子的基本结构分
根据句子的基本结构简单句分为5种句型
1.主语十连系动词十表语
The weather is very cold．天气很冷。
She felt happy她感到很愉快。
Please keep silent！请安静！
My father is a physics teacher．我父亲是一个物理老师。
The Lijiang River looks especially beautiful in the early morning. 漓江在清晨看上去格外美丽。
2.主语十不及物动词
Winter is coming．冬天来了。
His father has gone abroad．他父亲出国了。
The baby is crying in the next room．婴儿在隔壁房间里哭。
He works in a big company．他在一家大公司工作。
We have lived in the city for ten years．我们在这座城市已生活了10年。
3.主语十及物动词十宾语
I like popular music．我喜欢流行音乐。
She knows what to do next．她知道下一步做什么。
I usually do my homework at home in the evening．我通常晚上在家做功课。
He began learning English ten years ago．他 10年前开始学英语。
He has decided to work harder at English．他决定更努力学习英语。
4.主语十及物动词十间接宾语十直接宾语
He teaches us chemistry．他教我们化学。
Please tell me your telephone number．请告诉我你的电话号码。
Father bought me a new bicycle．父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree．农民正在教那个男孩怎样种树。
This gave us great encouragement．这给了我们很大的鼓舞。
5.主语十及物动词十宾语十宾语补足语
They won’t let me go．他们不让我走。
We must keep the room clean．我们必须保持房间干净。
When he came in，he found the old man dead．他送来时发现老人死了。
He likes to watch the boys playing football．他喜欢看男孩们踢足球。
Yesterday I had a picture taken with two Americans．昨天我和两个美国人一起照了相。
（二）根据句子的目的分
根据句子的目的简单句分为4种句型
1.陈述句(Declarative Sentences)：
用来叙述一项事实。
(1)基本结构：主语十谓语十……
The earth turns around the sun．地球绕着太阳转。
He often talks English.他常讲英语。
注：there be句型和某些句型中主语和谓语有倒装现象。如：
There are 12 months in a year．一年有12个月。
Hardly had the plane landed when the people ran toward it．飞机几乎没有着陆，人们就朝它跑去了。
（2）否定结构：主语十谓语（be，have或助动词，情态动词十not）＋……
China is not a developed country．中国不是一个发达国家。
He has not finished the experiment．他还没有做完实验。
He will not come to the party because of his illness．因为生病，他将不参加晚会。
当谓语由行为动词单独构成时，其否定结构为：“主语十do（does或did）＋not十动词原形十……”
He did not go to the cinema last night．昨晚他没有去看电影。
Do not waste your money．不要浪费钱。
He does not speak French．他不说法语。
注：never，hardly，scarcely，neither，nor，no，none，nothing，nobody等词表示否定意义。这些词所构成的句子相当于否定句，无需再加“not”。如：
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the League．我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。
We could hardly（或scarcely） understand his English．我们几乎听不懂他的英语。
None of the answers is（或are） correct．所有的答案都不正确。
Nothing will prevent him from carrying out the plan．没有任何事情能阻止他执行这项计划。
2.疑问句(Interrogative Sentences)
用来提出疑问，句末用问号“？”。疑问句的语序一般都部分倒装，即把谓语中的be（如is，are等）、助动词或情态动词等放到主语之前。当谓语由行为动词单独构成时，则须在主语前面加助动词do（或does，did等）。
疑问句有下列4种形式：
（1）一般疑问句(General Questions)
通常要求用yes或no来回答，句末通常用升调。如：
Are you in Senior Grade One？你是在高中一年级吗？
Is there anybody in the room？房间里有人吗？
Does he speak English？他说英语吗？
Have you considered our plan？你考虑过我们的计划了吗？
注1：对一般疑问句进行肯定回答，除了可以用yes之外，还可以用下列词语：certainly（一定），of course（当然），please do（请便好了）， with pleasure（好的）， if you please（随你便），quite so（相当对），exactly（正是如此），quite right(完全对)，I think so（我想是这样的），yes，if you like（是啊，随意好了），by all means（完全可以，务必这样）等。
注2：英语用否定句形式提问时，回答仍可把它视为肯定句形式的问句来回答。但译成汉语时，差别很大。如：
Haven’t you been to the United States？你没有去过美国吧？
Yes，I have．不，我去过。
No，I haven’t．是，我没去过。
（2）特殊疑问句(Special Questions)
疑问词出现在疑问句之前构成特殊疑问句，句末通常用降调。这时句子中主语、谓语仍按一般疑问句结构的特点，需要部分倒装，但当主语是疑问代词或受疑问词修饰时，主语、谓语则不倒装。如：
What is the reason for your being late？你迟到的原因何在？（句中what作表语）
Where are you going？你上哪去？
How long have you studied English？你学英语有多久了？
Who has read the book？谁读过这本书？
Which English books were bought by you yesterday？你昨天买了那些英语书？
注1：如果特殊疑问句中插入类似一般疑问句形式出现的插入句，则特殊疑问句本身的主语、谓语仍按正常陈述语序排列，不用倒装。如：
How many English novels did she say she had read？她说她读过几本英文小说？（句中 did she say为插入句，特殊疑问句中的主语she 和助动词had为正常语序）
What do you think should be done first？你认为应该先做什么？do you think为插入句）
注2：名词从句（如主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等）用疑问词引导时，其后面的主语、谓语不必倒装，因为这不是问句，不要求对方回答。如：
When we’ll leave for Beijing has not been decided yet．我们什么时候去北京还没有决定。（主语从句中 we’ll leave为正常培序）
I wonder why he failed in the physics exam．我不知道他物理考式为什么不及格。（宾语从句中 he failed为正常语序）
That was how they won the football match．他们就是这样赢得这场足球比赛的。（表语从句中 they won为正常语序）
(3)选择疑问句(Alternative Questions)
句型结构和一般疑问句相同，只是句子中用连词or提供两个或更多个选择方案。语调通常前升后降。如：
Are you doing this exercise or that one？你在做这道练习还是做那道？
Will you go out or stay here？你是出去还是留在这里？
Do you work in Guilin or Manning？你在桂林还是在南宁工作？
（4）反意疑问句(Disjunctive Questions)
提问者先提出情况和看法，然后问对方是否同意。在句子结构上前部分为陈述句，后部分为前面部分的简短问句。如果前部分是肯定句，后面的简短问句则为否定式；如果前部分为否定句，后面简短问句则为肯定式。如：
She is a famous actress，isn’t she？她是著名的演员，对不？
He hasn’t been abroad，has he？他没有出过国，是吗？
They said nothing about it，did they？关于这件事他们没有说什么，对吗？
注：反意疑问句的14种特殊句型：
⑴在由“祈使句十疑问部分”构成的反意疑问句中，疑问部分通常用will you，won’t you，would you，有时也可用can you，can’t you，why don’t you，could you等，但不能用do，即使祈使句中有助动词do时也是这样。如：
Pass me the dictionary，will（或would）you？把词典递给我好吗？
Don’t do that again, will you？别再做那件事好吗？
在含有let的祈使句后的反意疑问部分，如果let的宾语us包括听者（常写为 let’s）时用 shall we，不包括听者（常写为 let us）时用 will you。 let的宾语是me时，要根据意思用 will you或may I。let的宾语是第三人称时用 Will you。如：
Let’s go for a walk，shall we？我们去散步好吗？
Let us do it by ourselves，will you？让我们自己做这件事好吗？
Let me have a look at your photo，will you？（你）让我看看你的照片好吗？
Let him speak first, will you？（你）让他先说好吗？
⑵当陈述部分带有情态动词must时，反意疑问部分要根据must的意思不同而有所变化、如果must表示“必须”或“有必要”时，反意疑问部分用 mustn’t或 needn’t。如：
I must hand in my exercise book now，mustn’t I (或 needn’t I ）？我现在必须交练习本，是吗？
如果mustn’t表示“禁止”时，疑问部分一般用must.
You mustn’t take the magazine out of the reading-room，must you？你一定不要把杂志带出阅览室，好吗？
若 must表示“想必”、“一定”等推测意义时，则疑问部分不用must, 而要根据must之后的动词结构及含义使用相应的动词形式。如：
He must be your English teacher，isn’t he？他一定是你们的英语老师，不是吗？
The professor must be working in the laboratory，isn’t he？教授一定在实验室里工作，是吗？
Chinese must have the largest number of speakers，doesn’t it？说又语的人数一定是最多的，不是吗？
You must have been there before，haven’t you？你以前肯定到过那里，是吗？
He must have read the book yesterday，didn’t he？他昨天一定读了那本书，不是吗？
⑶当陈述部分的主语为nothing，anything，everything等不定代词时，反意疑问部分主语用it。如：
Nothing could prevent him from going there， could it？什么也不能阻止他去那里，对吗？
如果陈述部分的主语为nobody，somebody，none，someone，no one，anyone，anybody，everyone等不定代词，反意疑问部分主语用they或 he。如：
Somebody took my umbrella away yesterday， didn’t they／he？昨天有人拿走了我的雨伞，是吗？
⑷当陈述部分带有that从句作宾语时，反意疑问部分应与主句的主语和谓语一致。陈述部分是I think， I suppose， I believe时，反意疑问部分应与that从句的主语和谓语一致。如：
He said his father had been sent to hospital， didn’t he？他说他父亲已送去医院了，是吗？
I think he’ll come to help us with our work， won’t he？我想他会来帮助我们工作，是吗？
I believe you have met each other before， haven’t you？我相你们以前彼此见过面，对吗？
I suppose they are waiting for us now， aren’t they？我猜想他们正在等我们，是吗？
⑸在英语口语中，由neither… nor…，neither or来连接主语时，反意疑问部分的主语用they。如：
Neither of them knew his address， did they？他们没人知道他的地址，对吗？
⑹如果陈述部分是I am…，反意疑问部分用 aren’t I 。如：
I’m late，aren’t I？我迟到了，是不是？
⑺当陈述部分为感叹句时，反意疑问部分用否定形式，主语仍与感叹句的主语一致。如：
What a fine day today， isn’t it？今天天气多么好，是吗？
⑻当陈述部分含有wish时，反意疑问部分助动词用may。如：
I wish to use your dictionary, may I ？我想用一下你的词典，行吗？
⑼当陈述部分含有you’d better， you’d like to时，反意疑问部分分别用 hadn’t you， wouldn’t you。如：
You’d better take his advice, hadn’t you？你最好还是听他的建议，好吗？
You’d like to go to the party, wouldn’t you？你想去参加晚会，是吗？
⑽当陈述部分含有have to时，反意疑问部分助动词应根据have的变化，分别用don’t，doesn’t，didn’t。如：
I have to take this medicine，don’t I ？我必须把这药吃下，是吗？
⑾当陈述部分是there be句型时，反意疑问部分用be there。如：
There is something wrong with the machine，isn’t there？机器出了毛病，是吗？
There is no time left，is there？没有时间了，是不是？
⑿当陈述部分含有seldom，hardly，scarcely，no，never，rarely, few，little，nobody，nowhere等否定词时，反意疑问部分的动词用肯定式。如：
He hardly speaks English，does he？他几乎不会说英语，是吧？
She seldom lends her money to others，dose she？她很少把钱借给别人，是吗？
⒀当陈述部分的主语是从句、不定式、动名词或词组时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用it。如：
What he said at the meeting is very important，isn’t it？他在会上所说的很重要，对吗？
To master a foreign language isn’t easy，is it？掌握一门外语不容易，是吗？
Swimming in rivers is a good sport，isn’t it？在江河游泳是一项好运动，是吗？
⒁如果陈述句部分含有un-，in-，im-，ir-，dis-等否定前缀构成的派生词时，该陈述句部分仍作肯定处理，疑问部分用否定形式。如：
He dislikes chicken，doesn’t he？他不喜欢吃鸡肉，是吗？
3.祈使句(Imperative Sentences)
祈使句用来提出请求、命令等，它的谓语动词用原形，否定形式在动词原形前加don’t（=do not），主语you常省略。如：
Be careful！ 小心！
Don’t be late for school again！上学别再迟到！
Remember me to your parents, please！请代我向你父母问候！
Please don’t make so much noise！请勿喧哗！
下面的句子也是祈使句，用以表示祝愿、建议。如：
Long live the People’s Republic of China！中华人民共和国万岁！
May you succeed．祝你成功。
对于第一、三人称的祈使句，一般要加let，而把主语变为宾语。
Let’s（=Let us） help the blind walk across the road．让我们帮助盲人过马路。
Don’t let him say that！不要让他那样说！
4.感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences)
感叹句用来表示强烈的感情，常用what 和how引出强调的部分并且放在句首（what 修饰名词，how修饰形容词、副词）。如：
What a tall building (it is)! 多高的楼啊！
How tall the building is! 这座楼多么高啊！
How beautifully she is dancing! 她的舞跳得多美啊！
What a mistake (it is) to have refused his invitation! 拒绝他的邀请是个多大的错误啊！
How time flies! 时间过得多快啊！
巩固练习
一、把下列句子变成一般疑问句和否定句：
1. She found the work very easy.
2. He can work out the maths problem himself.
3. You must hand in your exercise book now.
4. He dares to tell the truth.
5. The classroom needs cleaning.
6. They went for a walk after supper yesterday evening.
二、对画线部分进行提问：
1. That is my exercise book.
2. The first one is better.
3. There are nine cities in this province.
4. This magazine comes out every other week.
5. They have lived here for more than ten years.
6. I go to see my uncle once a week.
7. Tom often goes to school on foot.
8. They will graduate from school in two months.
9. My home is only about half an hour's ride from here.
10. The dictionary cost me fifty Yuan.
11. He drove his car at the speed of l00 kilometers an hour.
12. Tom's bicycle is made in China.
13. He didn't come to school yesterday because he was ill.
14. He was talking to his father when I saw him.
15. These workers all live near their factory.
16. The People's Republic of China was founded on October 1, 1949.
17. Our English teacher is always encouraging us to speak English both in and out of class.
18. I would like to choose this dictionary.
三、完成下列反义疑问句：
1. There will be a sports meet at the end of this month,
2. I don't suppose that he will come in time,
3. They must have gone there two days ago,
4. We must go right now,
5. We'd better ask the teacher for advice,
6. He has never been to America,
7. The manager has a meeting every Monday,
8. They could hardly believe his words,
9. She used to like fish,
10. He can speak three foreign languages,
11. You have nothing else to say,
12. There was no water in the glass,
13. Mary knows something about it,
14. He stayed at home yesterday,
15. She seldom goes out on weekends,
16. Everyone likes to live a happy life,
17. I didn't believe that he has failed the English exam,
18. Have a cup of coffee,
19. Let's go out,
20. You have to go to see a doctor,
2l. He must be a worker,
22. Nothing could make him change his mind,
23. I think he’ll be back in a month.
24. Neither of them knew the way,
25. I'm late,
26. Don't forget it,
27. What a good book,
28. What they need is more practice,
29. To learn English well isn't easy,
30. She dislikes maths,
四、把下列句子变成祈使句：
1. You must be careful with your pronunciation.
2. I want Tom to fetch me a cup of tea.
3. We should ask our teacher for advice.
4. You should not forget to bring your exercise book next time!
5. You go and ask him to keep his promise.
6. You should always keep this in mind.
7. You mustn't play football in the street.
五、把下列句子变为感叹句：
1. He is a clever boy.
What ！
How ！
2. It is fine weather today.
What ！
How ！
3. It is an interesting story.
What ！
How ！
4. He is an honest man.
What ！
How ！
5. The building is very high.
What ！
How ！
6. That's a good idea.
What ！
How ！
7. He is very diligent.
8. It is a great pity.
9. She loves her students dearly.
10. We are very lucky to be the students of the famous professor.
11. He has drawn a very beautiful picture.
12. Your mother is very kind.
13. The moon is shining brightly.
14. We work very hard.
15. Guilin is a beautiful city.
16. I was foo1ish to think like that.
六、指出下列简单句各属于五种句型中的哪一种：
第一种： 主语+连系动词+表语（S+V+P）
第二种：主语+不及物动词（S+V）
第三种：主语+及物动词+宾语（S+V+O）
第四种：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+V+IO+DO）
第五种：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（S+V+O+OC）
1. Madame Curie's motherland was Poland.
2. Jack became a skilled taxi-driver soon.
3. The world is changing.
4. Advertisements go everywhere.
5. A single egg in the mother's body forms identical twins.
6. The temple needs cleaning and repairing.
7. The doctor taught the gymnast (体操运动员 ) how to protect his own body.
8. The boy told the policeman where he lived.
9. The two men behind will not let him escape.
10. The air in loose snow keeps the animals warm.
参考答案：
一、
1. Did she find the work very easy
She didn't find the work very easy.
2. Can he work out the maths problem himself
He can't work out the maths problem himself.
3. Must I hand in my exercise book now
You needn't hand in your exercise book now.
4. Does he dare to tell the truth
He doesn't dare to tell the truth.
5. Dees the classroom need cleaning
The classroom doesn't need cleaning.
6. Did they go for a walk after supper yesterday evening
They didn't go for a walk after supper yesterday evening.
二、
1. Whose exercise book is that
2. Which one is better
3. How many cities are there in this province
4. How often does this magazine come out
5. How long have they lived here
6. How often do you go to see your uncle
7. How does Tom often go to school
8. How soon will they graduate from school
9. How far is your home from here
10. How much did the dictionary cost you
11. How fast did he drive his car
12. Whose bicycle is made in China
13. Why didn't he come to school yesterday
14. What was be doing when you saw him
15. Where do these workers live
16. When was the People's Republic of China founded
17. Who is always encouraging you to speak English both in and out of class
18. Which dictionary would you like to choose
三、1. won't there 2. will he 3. didn't they 4. mustn't we 5. hadn't we 6. has he 7. doesn't he 8. could they 9. didn’t she 10. can't he 11. have you 12. was there 13. doesn't she 14. didn't he 15. does she 16. doesn't he/don't they 17. has he 18. will you 19. shall we 20. don't you 21. isn't he 22. could it 23. won't he 24. did they 25. aren't I 26. will you 27. isn't it 28. isn't it 29. is it 30. doesn't she
四、
1. Be careful with your pronunciation！(Do be careful with your pronunciation!)
2. Fetch me a cup of tea, Tom.
3. Let’s ask our teacher for advice.
4. Don't forget to bring your exercise book next time.
5. Go and ask him to keep his promise.
6. Always keep this in mind.
7. Don't play football in the street.
五、
1. What a clever boy he is!
How clever the boy is!
2. What fine weather it is today!
How fine the weather is today!
3. What an interesting story it is!
How interesting the story is!
4. What an honest man he is!
How honest the man is!
5. What a high bui1ding it is!
How high the building is!
6. What a good idea that is!
How good the idea is!
7. How diligent he is!
8. What a (great) pity!
9. How dearly she loves her students!
10. How lucky we are to be the students of the famous professor!
11. What a beautiful picture he has drawn!
12. How kind your mother is!
13. How brightly the moon is shining!
14. How (hard) we work!
15. What a beautiful city Guilin is!
How beautiful a city Guilin is!
16. How foolish I was to think like that!
六、第1, 2句属于第一种基本句型 第3, 4句属于第二种基本句型 第5, 6句属于第三种基本句型 第7, 8句属于第四种基本句型 第9, 10句属于第五种基本句型
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品教案·第 1 页 （共 10 页）登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
中学英语语法系列之四 句法篇 之三 句子的种类
复合句
一、复合句(Complex Sentences)的定义
复合句包含两个或两个以上的主谓结构的句子叫复合句。
其中一个主谓结构是句子的主体，称为主句。
另一个或几个主谓结构只作为主句中的一个成分， 称为从句。
二、复合句的种类
在句子中充当某一句子成分的主谓结构就称为这个句子某种成分的从句， 即从句按句子成分名称命名，如主语从句、状语从句等等。
主句和从句通常由关联词连接。
从句有许多种，其分类见下表：
类别 语法作用
名词性从句 主语从句 相当于名词，作主语、表语或宾语
表语从句
宾语从句
定语从句 相当于形容词，作定语
状语从句 相当于副词，作状语
三、名词性从句(Nominal Clause)
（一）名词性从句的定义
复合句又称主从复合句，由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，主句为句子的主体，从句不能独立，只用作句子的一个成分，如主语、表语、宾语、介词宾语、定语、同位语、状语（包括地点、条件、时间、原因、让步，比较、结果等状语）。从句担任哪个句子成分，这个从句就叫做该成分的从句，如主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等即是。
（二）名词性从句的作用
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
（三）名词性从句的连接词
名词性从句的连接词分为从属连词、连接代词和连接副词。从属连词that无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if（whether）虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语或定语。连接副词when，where，why，how有词义，在从句中担任成分（状语）。
（四）主语从句
1.主语从句的定义
主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语。
2.主语从句的表现形式
（1）由从属连词引导
That the earth turns around the sun is known to all．地球绕着太阳转这一点是众所周知的。
Whether he will come or not is not yet known．他是否要来还未知道。
（2）由连接代词引导
Who will go is not important．谁将去那儿并不重要。
What we need is more practice．我们所需要的是再多一些训练。
Whoever is here gets a prize不管谁来，都能获奖。
Whatever I have done is only for you．无论我做什么全都是为了你。
（3）由连接副司引导
When he will leave for the United States is not yet decided．他什么时候动身去美国还未决定。
Why he failed the physics exam wasn’t clear．还不清楚他为什么没有通过物理考试。
Where he has been is still a puzzle．他曾去过什么地方仍是个谜。
How Thomas Edison became a great inventor is known to all．托马斯·爱迪生怎样成为一位伟大的发明家，这是众所周知的。
（4）it代表主语从句
由于主语从句位于句首，句子常显得笨重，因此常把它移至句号后部，句首用引导词it来做形式主语。如：
It is a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake．真遗憾，她犯下这样愚蠢的错误。
It’s reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident.据报道，那次交通事故中有3人丧命。
It doesn’t matter whether he’ll come or not. 他来不来都没有什么关系。
It happened that I didn’t take any money with me.
It seems that our football team will win the match．看来我们的足球队将赢得那场比赛。
（五）表语从句
1.表语从句的定义
表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。
2.表语从句的表现形式
（1）由从属连词引导
The question is whether we should ask them for help.问题是我们是否请他们帮忙。
The trouble is that he has never done the work before．麻烦在于他以前从未干过这个工作。
（2）由连接代词引导
Harbin is not what it used to be.哈尔滨已不是从前那个样子了。
What she wants to know is which dress she should buy．她想知道的是她应该买哪件衣服。
（3）由连接副词引导
That is where Lu Xun used to live.那就是鲁迅曾经住过的地方。
That is why he didn’t pass the exam．那就是他考试不及格的原因。
注：表语从句还可以由 as if或as though引导。如：
It looks as if it were going to rain．天看上去好像要下雨。
（六）宾语从句
1.宾语从句的定义
宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词的宾语，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。
2.宾语从句的表现形式
（1）及物动词后的宾语从句
①由从属连词引导
I think（that） watching TV too much is bad for people’s health．我认为看太多电视对人的健康有害。
I wonder if you can do me a favor．不知您能否帮个忙。
I want to know whether（if） he has passed the chemistry exam．我想知道他的化学考试是否及格了。
②由连接代词引导
I wonder what has happened to him．我不知道他发生了什么事。
I don’t know which school he is in．我不知道他在哪所学校读书。
Do you know who has taken my dictionary away？你知道谁拿走了我的词典吗？
He asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class．他问我班上谁的书法最好。
He doesn’t know who first discovered America．他不知道谁首先发现了美洲大陆。
③由连接副词引导
I wonder why she refused my invitation. 我不知道她为什么拒绝我的邀请。
Can you tell me where the nearest post office is？你能告诉我离这里最近的邮局在哪儿？
Do you know when he will leave for Hong Kong？你知道他将于什么时候动身去香港吗？
Would you please tell me how I can finish the work in the shortest possible time？请告诉我怎样能在尽可能短的时间内把工作干完？
（2）介词和某些形容词之后的宾语从句
①介词后的宾语从句
Tom is a nice boy，except that he is sometimes late for school. 汤姆是个好孩子，除了上学有时迟到之外。
The teacher is pleased with what she has said.老师对于她所说的很满意。
It depends on whether the manager will agree to the plan or not. 这件事取决于经理是否同意这项计划。
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English．我经常考虑如何才能提高我的英语口语。
②某些形容词后的宾语从句
注：
有人认为这不是宾语从句，而是状语从句。
I’m afraid (that)I can’t accept your invitation.我恐怕不能接受你的邀请。
I am sure that you will make greater progress in English through hard work．我确信，通过艰苦努力你将在英语方面取得更大进步。
We are glad that our football team has won the match. 我们感到高兴的是我们的足球队赢得了比赛。
I am anxious that he will be able to pass the exam.我非常希望他能通过考试。
We are surprised that he has left without saying goodbye to us.他不辞而别，我们感到非常吃惊。
I am certain that he will come to the party.我确信他会来参加晚会。
Mother was very pleased that her son had passed the national college entrance exam.儿子通过了大学入学考试，母亲很高兴。
（3）非谓语动词之后的宾语从句
Realizing that it was just a difference in custom, the foreigner smiled and said nothing .这个外国人知道了这只是风俗的不同后，就笑了笑，没说什么。
On being asked whether he had any good food in Italy, he answered“Terrible”．一问到他在意大利是否吃过什么好菜，他就回答说“糟得很”。
（4）引导词it代表宾语从句
在“及物动词十宾语十宾语补足语”的结构中，宾语如果是由从句来担任，则通常放在宾语补足语的后面，而在原来的宾语位置上用引导词it作形式宾语。如：
One often hears it said that travel broadens the mind．人们常常听说旅行可以使人心胸开阔。
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan．我已明确表示我决心去执行这个计划。
I consider it necessary that we should spend more time practicing spoken English.我认为多花时间练习英语口语是必要的。
I find it necessary that we should ask him for his advice.我觉得征求他的建议是必要的。
We think it possible that young people master at least two foreign languages．我们认为年轻人至少掌握两门外语是可能的。
3.宾语从句的时态特点
宾语从句的时态主要取决于主句的时态。主句使用现在时（含一般现在时与现在完成时）时，从句允许使用任何时态。从句时态可与主句一致，也可由从句中的时间状语自行决定。如：
I think you are right。我想，你是对的。（从句用现在时与主句一致，同指现在。）
I think you were wrong at that time．我认为那次你错了。（从句里有过去时间状语at that time，因此用一般过去肘。）
I think（that）she’ll come in time，我想她会按时来的。（从句指将来行为，用一般将来时。）
I think（that）he has already finished his homework．我想他已经完成了作业。（从句中有时间状语already，用现在完成时。）
I doubt whether he is telling the truth.我怀疑他说的未必是真话。（从句与主句行为同时发生，用现在进行时。）
She has told me that she has never been to the Great Wall．她告诉过我，她从未去过长城。（主句使用了现在完成时态，从句谓语受时间状语never制约，也使用现在完成时。）
主句使用过去时，从句除表示“真理”可使用现在时态外，一律使用过去时态。从句有一般过去时态状语时，使用一般过去时；从句没有过去时间状语但却是谈论过去发生的事实或从句含有完成时态状语时，常用过去完成时；从句有将来时间状语或没有将来时间状语但却是谈论未来发生的事实，使用过去将来时。如：
My grandpa told me that the earth is round．我爷爷告诉我，地球是圆的。（从句谈的是“真理”，使用一般现在时。）
I didn’t think he was wrong yesterday．我认为他昨天没错。（从句有yesterday，用一般过去时。）
I didn’t think he had been wrong．我认为他没有错。（从句无过去时间状语，用过去完成时。）
She hesitated whether she would take our advice．她对是否接受我们的劝告犹豫不定。（从句行为发生在主句之后，用过去将来时。）
（七）同位语从句
1.同位语从句的定义
在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句一般由that，whether等连词引导，常放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information等名词的后面，说明该名词的具体内容。
2.同位语从句的表现形式
（1）由that引导
The fact that you haven’t enough time to do the work is simply unbelievable．你没有足够的时间去做这件工作，这简直令人难以置信。
The hope that he may recover is not gone yet．他会康复的希望没有消失。
The news that he has been elected president of the United States is true．他当选美国总统的消息是真的。
The truth that heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed is known to all．重的物体和轻的物体以同样的速度落下，这一事实是众所周知的。
（2）由 whether引导
The problem whether we should continue to do the experiment has been solved．我们是否应该继续做这项实验，这个问题已经解决了。
The question whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed．我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作，这个问题还未讨论。
（3）由when引导
I have no idea when he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来。
注1：有时可用namely（即），that is to say（也就是说），in other words（换句话说），that is（那就是），i.e.．（=that is），for example等引出同位语，说明其前面的名词（或代词）。如：
He told us the good news，namely， the museum is open to all．他告诉了我们这个好消息：博物馆对外开放了。
There is only one way of improving your English，that is，to practice more．要提高你的英语水平只有一个办法，那就是多练。
注2：同位语从句不同于定语从句，前者对名词加以补充说明，后者对名词加以限制。试比较：
The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school．他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了全校。（同位语从句）
The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing．你昨天告诉我的那个消息实在令人失望。（定语从句）
巩固练习题
一、用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空：
1.I can’t decide dictionary I should buy.
2 That’s he refused my invitation.
3.China is no longer it used to be.
4. I am very interested in he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
5. we need is more time.
6.The fact she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
7.The truth the earth turns around the sun is known to all.
8. he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
9. and they will meet has not been decided yet
10. I don’t think he can finish the work on time.
11. I don’t know the teacher is so hard on his students.
12.Please tell me you are waiting for.
13.Do you know the sports meet will begin
14.No one knew. dictionary that was.
15.No one know is longer, the Yangtze River or the Mississippi.
16.Tell me was late for school yesterday.
17.Is that you are looking for
18. he will come or not is not yet known.
19.Would you please tell me the nearest post office is
20. I don’t know he will agree to the plan or not.
二、用名词性从句完成下列句子：
1. Do you think （我能在一周内完成这项工作吗？）
2. I don’t remember （我们以前在哪里见过面）.
3. Please tell me （他的遭遇）.
4. The teacher is not satisfied with （我所说的）.
5. Tom is a nice boy, except （有时上学迟到）.
6. I am sure （你会很快赶上其他同学）.
7. We are surprised （他的数学不及格）.
8. （谁第一个登上月球）is clear to us.
9. It is strange （他昨天没有参加会议）.
10. It is a pity （今年夏天我们不能去哈尔滨）.
11. （他将什么时候动身去上海）is not yet known.
12. The most important thing is （我们怎样设法提前完成工作）.
13. This is （他刚才所找的东西）.
14. The news （他通过了高考）is exciting.
15. He made a promise （他将帮助我学习英语）.
三、把下列句子译成汉语，并说明这个名词性从句的作用：
1. I don’t think you two have met before.
2. That is just what I want to know.
3. It is certain that Mary will do well in her exam.
4. What you need is more practice.
5. Whether he’s coming or not doesn’t matter too much.
6. Now is when I need her most.
7. How he became a great scientist is known to all.
8. Our belief is that things will improve.
9. We don’t doubt that he is honest.
10. That is why he likes the place so much.
11. We don’t know when he will come.
12. Where the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting.
13. Which team will win the match is still unknown.
14. She asked me whether he would be back soon.
15. What he always thinks of is how he can do more for the people.
16. I have no idea how he got through the forest.
17. The fact that he won the prize make us happy.
18. We heard the news that she had found a job.
19. Please explain why this is impossible.
20. I wonder if she really meant what she said.
参考答案：
一、 1. which. 2. why 3. of at 4. how 5. What 6. that 7. that 8. How 9. When, where 10. that 11. why 12. whom 13. when 14. whose 15. which 16. who 17. what 18. Whether 19. where 20. whether
二、
1. that I will be able to finish the work in a week
2. where we have met each other before
3. what was happened to him
4. what I have said
5. that he is sometimes late for school
6. that you will soon catch up with the other classmates
7. that he has failed in the maths exam
8. Who was the first man to land on the moon
9. that he didn't attend the meeting yesterday
10. we can't go to Guilin this Summer
11. When he will leave for Shanghai
12. how we should manage to finis the work ahead of time
13. what he was looking for just now
14. that he has passed the national college entrance examination
15. that he would help me with my English
三、
1. 我想你们两位以前没有见过面。（宾语从句）
2. 这正是我想要知道的。（表语从句）
3. 玛丽肯定会考得好。（主语从句）
4. 你所需要的是更多的练习。（主语从句）
5. 他来不来无关紧要。（主语从句）
6. 现在是我最需要她的时候。（表语从句）
7. 众所周知，他是怎样成为一位伟大的科学家的。（主语从句）
8. 我们相信情况会改善的。（表语从句）
9. 我们并不怀疑他的诚实。（宾语从句）
10. 这就是他怎样喜欢这个地方的原因。（表语从句）
11. 我们不知道他什么时候来。（宾语从句）
12. 房子将建在什么地方将在明天的会议上讨论。（主语从句）
13. 这场比赛哪个队能赢还不清楚。（主语从句）
14. 她问我他是否会很快回来。（宾语从句）
15. 他时时考虑的是怎样能为人们多做些事。（主语从句，表语从句）
16. 我不知道他是如何穿过那个树林的。（同位语从句）
17. 他获奖的事实令我们高兴。（同位语从句）
18. 我们听到了消息说她找到了一份工作。（同位语从句）
19. 请解释一下为什么这不可能。（宾语从句）
20. 我不知道她讲的话是否真的算数。（宾语从句）
四、定语从句(Attributive Clause)
（一）定语从句的定义和结构
在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导。当关系代词作定语从句的主语时，其后的谓语动词的人称和数取决于先行词的人称和数。
定语从句一般位于先行词的后面，定语从句由关系代词who，whom, whose, which， that， as和关系副词 when，where，why等引导。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任一个成分。
（二）关系代词引导的定语从句
1.who
指人，在从句中作主语。如：
The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 正和我父亲握手的那个人是警察。
Those who wish to go to the museum must be at tile gate by7：50 a m.想去博物馆的人必须在早上 7：50到大门口集合。
That is the man who teaches us English．那位就是教我们英语的那个人。
2.whom
指人，在从句中作宾语，常可省略。如：
Mrs. Smith（whom） you met yesterday is a friend of mine．你昨天碰见的那位史密斯夫人是我的一位朋友。
The professor（whom） you wish to see has come．你想见的那位教授已经来了。
3. whose
通常指人，也可指事物，在从句中作定语。如：
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country．这就是那位闻名全国的科学家。
Nobody wants the house whose roof has fallen in．没有人要这个屋顶已倒塌了的房子。
4.which
指事物，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。如：
Guilin is a city which has a history of 2000 years．桂林是座具有2000年历史的城市。
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words．词典是解释词语的书。
The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring (which)he had lost on the train. 那个年轻人领回了他在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。
5.that
指事物，也可指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，常可省略。如：
There are some films（that） I’d like to see．有几部电影我想去看。
She is the only one among us that knows French．她是我们当中唯一懂法语的人。
（三）关系副词引导的定语从句
1.when
表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time，day，hour year等）。如：
October l，1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded．1949年 10月 1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。。
From the time when he was little，he had known what he wanted to be when he grew up.从小时候起她就已经知道长大后做什么。
2.where
表示地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place， room，house， street， area等）。如：
This is the place where my mother was born．这是我母亲出生的地方。
Is this the room where we were living last winter？这就是我们去年冬天住过的房间吗？
3.why
表示原因，常用在先行词reason后面。如：
I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today．我不知道为什么她今天看上去不愉快。
The reason why he said that is quite clear．他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。
(四)关系代词前带有介词的定语从句
关系代词which，whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句常由“介词十which（或 whom）”引出。
Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live．他们所居住的城市正在发生着巨大的变化。
The film of which I ’m speaking is to be shown at the People’s Cinema next week．我正在谈到的这部电影下星期在人民电影院上映。
This is the teacher from whom we’ve learnt a lot．这就是我们从 他那里学到很多东西的那位老师。
The policeman with whom Mr. Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine．正在办公室与亨利先生谈话的那位警察是我的一位朋友。
这类从句中的介词也可放在从句的末尾，这时关系代词可以省略。
The situation（which）we had got into was very dangerous．我们当时的处境很危险。
The man（whom）we sent the present to is a doctor of laws．我们寄给他礼物的那个人是位法学博士。
定语从句也可以由“名词（或代词或数词）介词十 which（或whom）”引出。
The house the windows of which were damaged has now been repaired．窗子遭破坏的那幢房子现在已经修理好了。
We have two spare rooms upstairs，neither of which has been much used in the past two years．我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎么用。
（五）关系代词as引导的定语从句
as也可以用作关系代词，既可以单独引出定语从句，又可与主句中的the same或such相呼应，从句中谓语动词常省略。如：
We jumped for joy at the news，as was natural．我们听到消息时高兴地跳了起来，这是很自然的事情。
We do the same work as they（do）．我们和他们干同样的活。
He is not the same man as he was．他和从前不一样了。
I hope to get such a dictionary as he is using.我希望得到像他正在使用的那样一本词典。
We will give you such information as will help you in your work.我们将向你们提供有助于你们工作的资料。
（六）关系代词that与which的用法区别
1.which可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。
He had failed in the math exam，which made his father very angry．他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。
2.which之前可以有介词，that之前则不能有介词。
This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live．这就是鲁迅过去居住的房子。
3.that和which都指物时，在以下4种情况下，用that而不能用Which。
⑴当先分词是all，everything，nothing，something， anything, much，little，few等不定代词时，只能用that 。
That is all that I want to say．那就是我想要说的。
There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it．没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。
There was little that I could do for you．我不能为你干什么。
（2）先行词被序数词修饰时
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill．在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
（3）先行词被形容词最高级修饰时
This is the best film that I have ever seen．这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
（4）先行词被the very，the only，the just等修饰时
This is the very dictionary（that） I want to buy．这正是我要买的词典。
Mr. Smith is the only foreigner（that） he knows．史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人。
（七）限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
1.限制性定语从句
有些定语从句对先行词具有限制作用，使该词的含义更具体、更明确，这种定语从句称为限制性定语从句。这类从句不能省掉，否则句子的意义就不完整。如：
Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school 你记得中学教我们英语的那位老师吗？
A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words．词典是解释词语的书。
Those who wish to go to the park must be at the gate by 7：50a.m..想去公园的人必须在早上7：50到大门口集合。
He is the man (whom)I want to see.他就是我要见的那个人。
注：限制性定语从句与主句之间不能用逗号隔开。限制性定语从句修饰的是名词或代词。限制性定语从句中的关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
2.非限制性定语从句
定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是作一些附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。这类从句往往用逗号与主句分开。如：
Mr. Zhang，who came to see me yesterday， is an old friend of my father’s． 张先生昨天来看我，他是我父亲的一位老朋友。
We walked down the village street，where they were having market day.我们沿着村子的大街走去，村民们正在那里赶集。
注：有时这类定语从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词，而是代表整个主句所讲的内容，通常用逗号与主句分开。如：
He gave his mother a color TV set for her birthday，which pleased her a lot.他送给他母亲一台彩电作为生日礼物，这使她非常高兴。
They are coming back to us，which means that they have been refused elsewhere.他们要回到我们这儿来了，这意味着他们在别处遭到了拒绝。
（八）使用定语从句要注意的问题
关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词用单数还是复数应由先行词决定。
The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently．住在楼下的那个人英语说得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow．3年级的学生明天去爬山。
定语从句有时不直接紧靠着先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。
There is an expression in his eyes that I can’t understand.在他的眼睛里有一种我不明白的神情。
The days are gone forever when the Chinese people were looked down upon．中国人民被人轻视的日子一去不复返了。
引导定语从句的关系副词可以用“介词十which”来代替。
October l，1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded. 1949年10月1日是中华人民共和国成立的日子。
This is the room in which（= where）Lu Xun once lived. 这是鲁迅曾住过的房间。
谓语动词是带介词或副词的短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定的部分不要拆开。
The dictionary which you are looking for is on the desk．你在寻找的那本词典在桌子上。
The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.她在照料的病人是她的父亲。
注意：
介词与关系代词的位置：介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可用which，that，whom，口语中也可用who，且可省略。如：
This is the room in which we lived last year.（或： This is the room we lived in last year．）这是我们去年住过的房间。
Who’s the comrade whom you just shook hands with （或：Who is the comrade with whom you just shook hands ）刚才与你握手的那个人是谁？
The room (which/that)I live in is very nice.我住的房间很漂亮。
The man（whom／who／that） you were talking about has come to school.你们刚才在谈论的那个人已经来到我们学校。
关系代词和关系副词在从句中充当一个成分，因此，使用时要注意在从句中避免句子成分的重复出现。
请给我看一看你昨天买的那本词典。
（误）Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought it yesterday．
（正）Let me have a look at the dictionary that you bought yesterday．
这是我两年前住过的房子。
（误）This is the house where I lived in two years ago．
（正）This is the house where I lived two years age.
（九）定语从句与同位语从句的区别
定语从句与同位语从句在使用中常常混淆，我们可以从以下几个方面区分它们：
1.一般说来，定语从句的先行词由名词或代词构成，同位语从句的先行词常常是抽象名词。
Those who want to go please sign their names here．想去的人请在这里签名。
We express the hope that they will come to visit China again．我们表示希望他们再来访问中国。
2.定语从句修饰、限定先行词的意义，与先行词为修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，与先行词是同位关系。
The train that has just left is for Beijing．刚刚离站的那列火车是开往北京的。
The truth that the earth moves around the sun is known to all．地球绕着太阳转这一事实大家都知道。
3.定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导；同位语从句主要由连接词that引导，有时也可用 where， who， whether等引导。
Do you know the place where he has born 你知道他出生的那个地方吗？
Then he raised the question where they were to get the machine needed.于是，他提出了这样一个问题：他们去哪儿找所需要的机器。
4.引导定语从句的关系代词往往可省略；引导同位语从句的连接词一般不可省略。
The news (that) he told me is true．他当选美国总统的消息是真的。
5.同位语从句与先行词一般可以发展成一个完整句子，谓语动词用 to be
He heard the news that his team had won.他听到了自己那个队获胜的消息。
此句可以发展为一个表语从句：
The news was that his team had won．消息是：他的那个队赢了。
巩固练习题
一、把下列每对句子连成一个句子，把第二个句子作为定语从句：
Model: The boy is my brother. He helped me.
The boy that (who) helped me is my brother.
The book is very interesting. You lent it to me yesterday.
The book (that/which) you 1ent me yesterday is very interesting.
1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.
2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.
3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.
4. The students will not pass the examination. They don't study hard.
5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.
Model: The pen is quite good. I am using it.
The pen (which /that) I am using is quite good.
6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.
7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.
8. The train was late. It was going to Manning.
9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.
10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.
Model: This is the boy. His football was lost.
This is the boy whose football was lost.
11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop
12. That's the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.
13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to ta1k to the boys. Their homework hasn't been handed in.
15. Is that the woman Her daughter is in my class.
16. Do you know the boy His leg was broken when he fell out of a tree.
二、根据句子的意思，在下列句子的第一个空处填入介词，在第二个空白处填入关系代词whom或which:
1. The person I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.
2. The pencil he was writing broke.
3. Wu Dong, I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.
4. The two things Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the idioms of English.
5. Her bag, she put all her books, has not been found.
6. The stories about the Long March, this is one example, are well written.
三、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句：
Mode1：He works in a middle school. There is a river in front of the school.
He works in a middle school, in front of which there is a river.
1. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.
2. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.
3. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.
4. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was temple.
5. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.
四、用关系副词when, where把下列每对句子连成定语从句：
1. I’ll never forget the day. I joined the PLA on that day.
2. The days are gone. During those days we used foreign oil
3. I still remember the day. On that day the old scientist took us to the physics lab for the first time.
4. The time finally arrived. They had to leave at that time.
5. His father has been working in this factory since that time. At that time it was only a small workshop.
6. October 1,1949 was the day. The People's Republic of China was founded on that day
7. It happened on a day in November. The weather was very wet and cold that day.
8. She often came to see me during those days. I was sick at that time.
9. This is the village. My father worked there three years ago.
10. Last autumn my sister went to the town. She was both there.
11. Li Pang lives in that street. Do you know the street
12. My mother taught biology in this school twenty years ago. I visited it last summer.
13. The bridge was built last year. This photo was taken there.
14. This is the chemical works. We often work there.
15. The shop isn't far away. I bought the book there.
16. The place has been turned into a theatre. The villagers fought the enemy there many years ago.
五、选择：
1. Some of the roads were flooded, makes our journey more difficult.
A. that B. it C. which D. who
2. There are 103 elements found in nature, are metals.
A. most of which B. most of them C. most of that D. most which
3. You can take any seat is free.
A. which B. where C. in which D. that
4. His English, used to be very poor, is now excellent.
A. that B. which C. it D. whom
5. The house we live is not large.
A. which B. in which C. on which D. at which
6. The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.
A. of them B. of which C. who D. of whom
7. The hotel they are staying is very expensive.
A. of which B.. at that C. that D. at which
8. I have found a man can help you.
A. who B. whom C. whose D. which
9. I'll never forget the day he carne to see me.
A. that B. which C. at which D. whom
10. This is the train we went to Shanghai.
A. by which B. by that C. whose D. where
11. New York is famous for its skyscrapers, has more than l00 stores.
A. the high of which B. the highest of which C. The highest of them D. which of them
12. Here is the dictionary; you will have a list of irregular verbs.
A. in the back of which B. the back of which C. on the back of which D. in back of them
13. My home village is no longer the same it used to be.
A. which B. as C. where D. in which
14. After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
15. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, of course, made the others unhappy.
A. which B. who C. this D. what
参考答案：
一、
1. The fan (that) you want is on the desk.
2. The man who/that brought our textbooks here yesterday is in the next room.
3. The magazine (that/which) he has taken away is mine.
4. The students who/that don't study bard will not pass the examination.
5. The woman (whom/who/that) you saw in the park is our geography teacher.
6. The letter (that/which) I received yesterday is from my sister.
7. The play (that/which) we saw last night was wonderful.
8. The train that/which was going to Nanning was late.
9. The boy who was here a minute ago is my brother.
10. The (that/which) he is climbing is quite tall.
11. Here is the girl whose brother works in this shop.
12. That's the child whose drawing we were looking at just now.
13. This is the boy whose sister is a famous singer.
14. I want to talk to the boys whose homework hasn't been handed in.
15. Is that the woman whose daughter is in my class
16. Do you know the boy whose leg was broken when he fell out of a tree
二、1. to whom 2. with which 3. with whom 4. about which 5. in which 6. of which
三、
1. He used to live in a big house, in front of which grew many banana trees.
2. They passed a factory, at the back of which there were rice fields.
3. The soldier ran to the building, on the top of which flew a flag.
4. In the even1ng they arrived at a hill, at the foot of which there was a temple.
5. She came into a big room, in the middle of which stood a large table.
四、
1. I'll never forget the day when I joined the PLA.
2. The days when we used "foreign oil" are gone.
3. I still remember the day when the old scientist took us to the Physics lab for the first time.
4. The time when they had to leave finally arrived.
5. His father has been working in this factory since the time when it was only a small workshop.
6. October 1, l949 was the day when the People's Republic of China was founded.
7. It happened on a day in November when the weather was very wet and cold.
8. She often came to see me during the days when I was sick.
9. This is the village where my father worked three years ago.
10. Last autumn my sister went to the town where she was born.
11. Do you know the street where Li Fang lives
12. Last summer I visited the school where my mother taught biology twenty years ago.
13. The bridge where this photo was taken was built last year.
14. This is the chemical works where we often work.
15. The shop where I bought the book isn't far away.
16. The place where the villagers fought the enemy many years ago has been turned into a theatre.
五、
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. B 6. D 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. A 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. B 15. A
五、状语从句(Adverbial Clause)
（一）状语从句的定义
在复合句中担任状语成分的从句，称为状语从句。状语从句可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、让步、目的、结果、比较状语从句等9种。
（二）状语从句的种类
1.时间状语从句
时间状语从句常用从属连词when，while（当……的时候），as，after， before， since， until， as soon as等引导。如：
It was snowing when he arrived at the station．他到达车站时，正在下雪。
Strike while the iron is hot．(谚)趁热打铁。
As I was coming here，I met your brother．当我来时，我遇到你的哥哥。
状语从句通常在前，主句在后，一般要用逗号隔开；如主句在前，从句在后可以不用逗号。如：
Don’t go away before I leave．别在我离开前走掉。
You can’t leave until you finish the work.你做完工作才能离开。
I’ll tell you as soon as I know．我一知道就告诉你。
在时间状语从句中，通常不用将来时，而用现在时来代替。如：
注：这就是“主将从现”的一个应用实例。
Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做老师。
I’ll tell her about that when I see her.我看见她时会把这件事告诉她的。
We’ll wait until the doctor comes. 我们要一直等到医生来。
2.地点状语从句
地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。如：
Just stay where you are.就留在你原来的地方。
Wherever you go, you can see new factories and stores , new schools and hospitals.不论你到哪里，你都能看到新建的工厂、商店、学校和医院。
3.原因状语从句
原因状语从句由从属连词because， as（因为，语气比because弱），since等引导。如：
Don’t scamp your work because you are pressed for time.不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。
As the weather was fine，I opened all the window.（因为）天气很好，我把所有的窗都打开了。
Since we lice near the sea, we can often go swimming.由于我们住得靠近海，我们可以时常去游泳。
注：与for相比，because引导的从句表示的是更直接而不是推断的原因，语气更强，有时可以置于主句之前。试比较下列两句：
Because he is ill，he is absent today．因为他病了，所以他今天缺席。
He must be ill，for he is absent today .他今天缺席，看来一定是生病了。
4.条件状语从句
条件状语从句由从属连词if，unless（除非），as（或so）long as（只要）等引导。如：
If you demand his presence, warn him in advance.如果你们要他来， 就要事先通知他。
You can’t learn a language well unless you work hard .除非你努力学习，否则是学不好语言的。
We should serve the people as (so) long as we live. 只要我们活着，就应为人民服务。
在条件状语从句中，通常不用一般将来时，而用一般现在时来代替。
注：这是“主将从现”的又一个应用实例。
He will not leave unless it is fine tomorrow．除非明天天晴，否则他不走。
5.方式状语从句
方式状语从句常用 as， just as， as if等从属连词引导。如：
Do just as you like.你喜欢怎么做就怎么做吧。
He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.他说话的样子好像他知道在说些什么。
6.让步状语从句
让步状语从句常用though, although, even if, even though, as, whether… or…等从属连词引导。如：
Though it was very cold, she went out without an overcoat.虽然天气很冷，但是她没穿大衣就出去了。
I won’t mind even if（或though） he doesn’t come. 即使他不来，我也不介意。
Young as he is , he knows a lot.尽管他很年轻，他知道的东西很多。
Much as she’d like to see you，she may find it impossible to come in this terrible weather．尽管她很想见你，可是天气这么糟糕她也许觉得不可能来了。
Whether it shines or rains, I will go tomorrow morning.不管天晴还是下雨，我明天早上都去。
注：as引导的让步状语从句，应将表语或状语放在句首。
7.目的状语从句
目的状语从句常用that, so that，in order that，lest（免得）等从属连词引导；从句中的谓语动词常用may（might），can（could），should等情态动词。如；
He just wanted me to see you that we may make sure you understand everything.他只是要我来看你，使我们确信你对一切都是明白的。
Come round to the window so that I can see you．绕到窗子前面去，好让我看到你们。
He got up very early in order that he could catch the first bus.他起得很早，为的是能赶上第一趟公共汽车。
Jim did not answer back lest his mother should be angry with him.吉姆没有回嘴，免得使妈妈生他的气。
8.结果状语从句
结果状语从句常用so that，so…that，such… that等引导。如：
I didn’t go early, so that I didn’t get a good seat.我去晚了，所以没找到好席位。
Harbin is so beautiful a city that thousands of visitors come to visit it each year.哈尔滨是一座很美丽的城市，每年有成千上万的游客来参观。
He has made such great progress in English that I can’t help admiring him.他的英语进步如此之大，我禁不住羡慕他。
9.比较状语从句
比较状语从句常用as …as, not so … as （或 not as …as），more…then, less…than，the … the等引导。这种从句中常省略某些成分。如：
They jumped up and down as hard as they could.他们使劲地上下跳。
He is not so healthy as his brother.他没有他哥哥那样健康。
The citizens of the future will have a higher standard of living and a greater amount of leisure than we have now.未来的公民会比我们现在有更高的生活水平和更多的空闲时间。
John is less clever than Peter．约翰不及彼得聪明。
The longer the period, the higher the interest rate.存期越长，利率越高。
(三)目的状语从句与结果状语从句的区别
so that既可引导目的状语从句也可引导结果状语从句。我们可以从语意关系上和结构形式上对目的状语从句与结果状语从句进行分辨。
目的是以观念形态存在的潜在的可能性和意欲，不是事实。这一潜在的可能性或意欲的实现，则是结果。目的是主观意念，结果是客观现实。因此，从句著反映一种意欲、一种可能性，则是目的状语从句；若是一种事实，就是结果状语从句。试比较：
I’m going to take an early bus so that I’ll get there in time．我打算乘早班公共汽车，以便及时赶到那里。（目的状语从句）
I took an early bus so that I got there in time．我乘了早班公共汽车，及时到了那里。（结果状语从句）
目的状语从句表示动机（即一种可能性），并非事实，只是想要达到某个结果的意愿，因而从句中多用假定性的谓语动词。常有can，may，will，could, might, would, should等情态动词。情态动词本身并无词汇意义，只是一种虚拟用法。结果状语从句表示客观事实，所以用陈述语气的谓语动词，从句中常无情态动词。试比较：
I always write so carefully that I may make my meaning clear.我写起来总是字斟句酌，为了让人看懂我的意思。（目的状语从句）
I always write so carefully that I make my meaning clear.我写起，来总是字斟句酌，结果把意思讲得一清二楚。（结果状语从句）
值得一提的是，从句中如果用情态动词could，有时会使得目的和结果的界限模糊。比如下面这个句子既可表示结果也可表示目的：
He spoke loudly so that everybody could hear him．（结果、目的）
有时，即使从句中用了can，could，should等，它仍是一个结果状语从句。如：
The room was packed with people，so that we couldn’t get in．房间里挤满了人，我们进不去。
What have I done that you should be so angry with me？我干了些什么使你对我如此恼火？
目的状语从句与主句的关系紧密，在讲话时一气呵成，而结果状语从句则是句子的外在因素，讲话时往往在主句和从句之间须略加停顿，书写时一般用逗号断开。试比较：
We all arrived at eight，so that the meeting began immediately.我们都是八点到达的，结果会议马上就开始了。（结果状语从句）
We’ll come at eight so that the meeting can begin early. 我们要八点来，以便会议能早点开始。（目的状语从句）
目的状语从句可以移至句首，从而达到进一步强调目的意义；而结果状语从句不可以，只能置于主句之后。这表明目的从句在句中的位置比较自由，结果状语从句在句中位置一般比较固定。如：。
So that everyone could hear，they used a microphone．（= They used a microphone so that everyone could hear．）为了使人人都能听到，他们使用了扩音器。
I was so tired that I could hardly stand．我太累了，几乎站不起来。（不能说：So that I could hardly stand， I was tired。）
So that we should／might seethe sunrise， we started for the peak early．（= We started for the peak early so that we should／might see the sunrise．）为了看日出，我们一早就出发到山顶去。
目的状语从句是句子不可分割的一部分，是句子的内在修饰语(adjunct)，结果状语从句并非句子的有机组成部分，是句子的外围修饰语（disjunction）。因此，前者可以成为分裂句的强调中心，而后者却不可以。如：
It is so that his students many understand well that the teacher speaks clearly．正是为了使学生很好理解，教师才讲得清清楚楚。
不能说： It’s so that he can’t sleep at night that he worries about his son’s health．
只能说： He worries about his son’s health so that he can’t sleep at night．
(四)状语从句几种句法关系的判别
学习状语从句自有规律可循，为帮助突破难点，可以用“五看五辨”来判别它们。
1.看结构，辨主从关系
状语从句是主从复合句中的一种重要形式。学习状语从句，一定要注意主句和状语从句的结构完整，只有具备“主句（主语十谓语）十从句（连接调十主语十谓语）”这样的结构，句子才能成立。状语从句均由从属连词引导，在从句置于主句之前时，常用逗号分开；从句置于主句之后，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义与作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较和地点等九种。
需要注意的是状语从句需要用连词引导，但在一个主从结构中出现两个连词，主从复合句则会变成无主句。如：
If I am told such a thing，and I’ll go，too．（主句前多了连词 and）
Because he was ill，so he couldn’t continue his work，（连词 because 与so不能并用，必需舍去一个）
Though he was tired，but he went on working．（though与 but不能并用，必需舍去一个）
2.看动词，辩时态呼应
学习状语从句时，必需特别注意主句与从句在动词时态运用时的呼应关系，否则极易出错。现将时间状语从句与条件状语从句中的呼应关系列表于下：
3.看内涵，辨连词用法
同中见异，与一词多义构成了引导状语从句多个连词的用法特对其归纳与剖析既有助于我们更加精细地体察句子的内涵又可丰富我们的表达手段。
when，while，as均可表示“当……时”，但是三者亦有异。
I will call on you when I am free next week．下周我有空将拜访你。
在使用when时，从句与主句的动作可同时发生亦可先后发生
As we were reading the newspaper，Mr. Li came in．我们正报纸时，李先生走了进来。
用as或while时，强调从句与主句的动作同时发生，从句的谓语常用进行时态，表示“随着；正当；一边……一边……”之义。
as当从属连词时可引导时间、原因、让步、方式等状语从句，辨析成了状语从句学习的又一难点和重点。如：
As he was standing there，he suddenly heard a cry from behind.他站在那里时忽然听见后面传来叫喊声。（As引导时间状语从句）
As he was ill，he couldn’t walk on．他病了，无法往前走。（as导原因状语从句）
You must do as you are told．你必须按所吩咐的去做。（as引式状语从句）
Busy as he is，he often helps me．尽管他忙，他经常帮助我。（as引导让步状语从句）
4.看句型，辨从句位置
不同类型的状语从句有着各自特定的结构，这一语言现象构成状语从句的一大特点。如：
If he knows about this，he will get angry．如果他知道这件事会生气的。（条件状话从句多半置于主句之前，有时亦可放后。）
Young as he is, he is experienced.他尽管年轻，但很老练。（引导的让步从句，须将作表语的形容词放在句首。）
However difficult the task might be，I must fulfill it ahead of time. 不管任务有多么困难，我必须提前完成。（由however引导让步状语从句，however后须紧跟形容词或副词。）
The more he reads， the better he likes the hook．这本书他；越喜欢。（在“the十比较级……， the 十比较级……”连接的比较状句中，第一个the是连接副词，比较状语从句置于主句之前。）
He talks as if（as though） he knew all about it．他说话的口气好像他全知道这件事。（方式状语从句通常置于主句之后。）
5.看主句，辨结构省略
不少比较状语从句在置于主句之后时常省略与主句相同的。这一语言现象亦应引起我们的注意，特别在“比较级十than”，“as级十as”，“not so（as）十原级十as”等比较状语从句中，此种现象更常见。如：
The air at sea level is denser than on a high mountain．海平气的密度大于高山上空气的密度。
巩固练习
一、用适当的表示连接的词语填空：
1.Dr. Bethune came to China he was fifty.
2.He began to work he got there.
3. Let's begin our meeting everyone is here.
4. I like the English people, I don't like their food.
5. you go in China, you can see smiling faces.
6. He didn't come to the lecture, he was very busy.
7. we had enough time, we walked to the cinema.
8. They will help you you meet with difficulty.
9. we came to the university, we have learnt quite a lot.
10. I didn't join them yesterday evening I had to go to an important meeting.
11. We would try to get a car we could all travel together more easily.
12. She wouldn't forget her mother's birthday she seldom wrote to her family.
13. We're doing everything we can to make things as easy for you we can.
14. The meeting became so disorderly the speaker had to shout the audience down.
15. He was angrier ever before.
16. you lock all the doors, he can still manage to get in.
17. The boy was so tired he fell asleep on the bus.
18. Hard he tried, he couldn't force the door open.
二、仿照示例，用if把每对句子连成一句：
Model: Maybe it will rain tomorrow. Then I'll stay at home.
If it rains tomorrow. I'll stay at home.
1. Perhaps he will go to the Summer Palace. Then we'll go with him.
2. Perhaps I have some money in my pocket. I will give you some.
3. Perhaps Mary will get a good job. Then she'll be very happy.
4. Perhaps he can help us. We'll be very glad.
5. Perhaps the food is very good. Then I'll buy it.
6. Maybe our friends will come to visit us next week. We'll ask them to stay with us for a few days.
7. Maybe they'll come by train. We'll meet them at the station.
三、指出下列状语从句的类别：
1. Child as she is, she knows a lot of things.
2. The more I can do for the class, the happier I'll be.
3. He ta1ks as if (as though) he knew all about it.
4. He is such a good teacher that the students love and respect him.
5. I shall go to the park unless it rains.
6. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.
7. Where there is water, there is life.
8. He studied hard so that he could catch up with his classmates.
9. Since you are very busy, I won't troub1e you.
10. Even if(though) I fail. I'll never lose heart.
11. Once you begin the work, you must continue.
12. I will find her wherever she may be.
13. Now that you've come, you'd better have dinner with us.
14. He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.
15. We must do everything as he tells us.
16. India is much bigger than Japan.
17. No matter when you come, you are warmly welcome.
18. As/So long as you work hard, you can catch up with the other classmates.
四、仿照示例改写下列句子：
Model 1: You will be puzzled. You don't know what to follow.
You will he so puzzled that you don't know what to fo1low.
1. I was excited. I cou1d not fall asleep.
2. The book was uninteresting. I gave up reading it after a few pages.
3. He was very angry. He left the room without saying a word.
Model 2: They shut the window. The fog couldn't get in.
They shut the window so that the fog couldn't get in.
4. He spoke as clearly as he could. Everyone understood him.
5. He planned to come early. We should have time for a talk before dinner.
6. We lit a fire before we left. The house would be warm when we returned.
Model 3: He is over eighty, but he's still very healthy.
Though (or, Although) he is over eighty, he's still very healthy.
7. It was still rather cold. But we went swimming.
8. It was late. But we went out.
9. I was in the same class with John for four years, but I never knew him very well.
五、选择：
1. I am to stay .
A. until my mother gets well B. until my mother will get well
C. when my mother gets well D. before my mother will get well
2. there is a will, there is a way.
A. When B. Which C. Where D. What
3. If he his homework by six o'clock, we shall be able to take him with us.
A. finished B. had finished C. has finished D. will finish
4. It rained last night, the ground is wet this morning.
A. for B. because C. since D. why
5. The foreign visitor spoke his interpreter could hardly catch his words.
A. such fast that B. so fast C. so fast that D. so lastly that
6. They have started a technical training course the workers attend it during their spare time.
A. in order to; may B. in order that; may C. so as to; should D. so that, might
7. , it was finished in time.
A. As the work was difficult B. Difficult as the work was
C. Difficult as was the work D. As was the work difficult
8. Her performance was we expected.
A. better than B. better then C. good than D. very better than
9. China , is very different from China twenty years ago.
A. as is, as was B. as she is , as she is C. as she, as she D. as it is, as it is
10. It seems as if it spring already.
A. will be B. would be C. is going to be D. were
11. we fall, we trying.
A. Even if; wi1l not stop B. Even though; will stop
C. Even; will not stop D. Even if; will not stop to
12. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, great it is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
13. After the war, a new school building was put up there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
14. Why do you want a new job you've got such a good on already
A. that B. where C. which D. when
15. You should make it a rule to leave things you call find them again.
A. when B. where C. which D. that
参考答案：
一、1. when 2. as soon as 3. as 4. but 5. Wherever 6. because 7. Since 8. whenever 9. Since 10. because 11. so that 12. though 13. as 14. that 15. than 16. Even if 17. that 18. as
二、
1. If he goes to the Summer Palace, we will go with him.
2. If I have some money in my pocket. I will give you some.
3. If Mary gets a good job, she'll be very happy.
4. If he can help us. we'll be very glad.
5. If the food is very good, I'll buy it.
6. If our friends come to visit us next week, we'll ask them to stay with us for a few days.
7. If they come by train, we'll meet them at the station.
三、
1. 让步　2. 比较　 3. 方式　 4. 结果　5. 　条件 6. 时间　 7. 地点　 8. 目的9. 原因
10. 让步 11. 时间 12. 地点 13. 原因 14. 结果　 15. 方式　16. 比较 17. 让步 18. 条件
四、
1. I was so excited that I could not fall asleep.
2. The book was so uninteresting that I gave up reading it after a few pages.
3. He was so angry that he left the room without saying a word.
4. He spoke clearly so that everyone could understand him.
5. He planned to come early so that we could have time for a talk before dinner.
6. We lit a fire before we left so that the house would be warm when we returned.
7. Though it was still rather cold, we went swimming.
8. Though it was late, we went out.
9. Though I was in the same class with John for four years, I never knew him very well.
五、
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. D 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. D 15. B
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品教案·第 1 页 （共 23 页）登陆21世纪教育 助您教考全无忧
中学英语语法系列之四 句法篇 之三 句子的种类
并列句
一、并列句(Compound Sentences)的定义
含有两个或更多的相互并列的主谓结构的句子，叫做并列句。换句话说，它是由两个或更多个并列的简单句构成的。各分句靠连词和逗号、分号来连接。
其基本结构为：分句十并列连词十分句。
在并列句中，常用的连接词有并列连词，如：and，but，or，while，for，so，neither，nor等; 还有连接副词，如：still，yet，however，consequently（结果），therefore（因此）， then等。另有一些相当于连接词的词组，如on the contrary（相反），not only…but also（不仅……而且），on（the） hand… on the other hand（一方面……另一方面）等。
二、并列句的分类
1.表示连接两个同等概念
常用 and， not only…but also， neither…nor，so， on（the） one hand…on the other hand等连接。如：
The teacher’s name is Smith, and the student’s name is John.老师的名字是史密斯，学生的名字是约翰。
Not only did the restaurant overcharge me, but they hadn’t served me well. 餐馆不仅要价太高，而且对我的服务也不周到。
Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. 他既没有改变主意，也不打算这样做。
Jim plays football and so does his brother．吉姆踢足球，他的兄弟也踢足球。
On one hand I have to work，on the other hand，I have a great many visitors．一方面我得工作，另一方面我又有许多来访者。
2.表示选择
常用的连词有or，either…of，otherwise等。如：
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train．赶快，否则你就要误火车了。
I must work much harder，otherwise I cannot catch up with the other classmates．我必须更努力学习，要不然我就赶不上其他同学。
Either you are wrong，or I am．不是你错了，就是我错了。
3.表示转折
常用的连词有 but， still， however， yet， while， when等。如：
He was a little man with thick glasses， but he had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting．他的个子矮小，深度近视，但他有独特的方法使课堂生动有趣。
She is seriously ill， still there is hope of her recovery．她病得很重，然而仍有希望康复。
One cannot see wind， however， it does exist．人们看不见风，可是它确实存在。
It is very good， yet it can be better．这很好，但还能精益求精。
Some experiments are difficult while others are easy．有些实验是困难的，而其他一些实验则是容易的。
He was just going to speak， when the bell rang．他正要说话时，铃响了。
4.表示因果关系
常用的连词有 so， for， therefore等。如：
August is the time of the year for rice harvest，so every day I work from dawn until dark. 8月是每年稻谷收割的时节，因此，每天我从早干到晚。
The oil must be out， for the lamp has gone out．油一定用完了，因为灯已熄灭。
Hurry up， or you’ll miss the train．快点，要不然你就赶不上那趟火车了。
He overslept and， consequently he was late．他睡过了头，迟到了。
巩固练习题
一、用适当的并列连词填空：
1. Hurry up, you’ll be late for class.
2. Practice more, you'll be able to speak English better.
3. He didn't come to school yesterday, he was ill.
4. He is in his sixties, he has made up his mind to learn a second foreign language.
5. It was very cold yesterday we stayed at home.
6. Our English teacher is a nice man, everybody likes him.
7. you are wrong he is.
8. does she sing well, she dances beautifully.
9. Warned English for ten years, he is not very good at spoken English.
10. One cannot see air, ,it does exist.
11. You must take a rest, you will lose your health.
12. They had lost their way in the forest, they could go further turn back.
13. You don't like it, does your sister.
14. I have read one of his novels a few of his plays.
二、选择：
1. The singer is not well thought of his records do not sel1 well.
A. but B. and C. or D. whi1e
2. I want to pick up the programmer, I haven't got a short-wave radio.
A. for B. so C. and D. but
3. Don't tell a lie any more, I won't make friends with you.
A. nor B. neither C. but D. or
4. Every person wants to keep fit, we need healthy foods.
A. so B. and C. while D. but
5. The fire was very big, , the firefighters put it out in half an hour.
A. but B. while C. however D. yet
6. They are going to return some of the milu deer to the wild, the number increases year by year.
A. so B. for C. therefore D. and
7. There are some jobs that men can do well us there are also some jobs that men cannot do well.
A. while B. because C. or D. so
8. He is over forty, he insists on learning another foreign language.
A. and B. so C. or D. still
9. Be careful when you stand on the dam. , you will fall into the water.
A. Otherwise B. Therefore C. Or D. And
10. They did not invite Dr Smith to the medical conference, did we.
A. either B. so C. neither D. and
11. Would you like a cup of coffee shall we get down to business right away
A. and B. then C. or D. otherwise
12. She thought I was talking about her daughter, , in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
参考答案：
一、
1. or 2. and 3. for 4. but / yet 5. and/so 6. so / and 7. Either … or 8. Not only. . . but also 9. yet / but 10. however 11. otherwise 12. neither. . . nor. . . 13. nor 14. as well as
二、
1. B 2. D 3. D 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. A 10. C 11. C 12. D
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品教案·第 1 页 （共 3 页）

展开更多......

收起↑