资源简介 高中所有重要化学方程式第一节 卤素单质及其化合物氟单质3.2F2+2H2O=4HF+O2↑氟的化合物1.4HF+SiO2=SiF4↑+2H2O(腐蚀玻璃)氯单质2.Cl2+2Na2NaCl3.Cl2+MgMgCl24.Cl2+CuCuCl25.3Cl2+2Fe2FeCl36.2Cl2+C=CCl47.3Cl2+2P2PCl38.5Cl2(过量)+2P2PCl59.Cl2+SO2+2H2O=H2SO4+2HCl10.3Cl2+2NH3=6HCl+N211.3Cl2+8NH3(过量)=6NH4Cl+N2↑12.Cl2+H2S=2HCl+S↓13.Cl2+2HBr=2HCl+Br214.Cl2+HI=2HCl+I215.Cl2+H2OHCl+HClO16.Cl2+2NaOH(冷)=NaCl+NaClO+H2O17.3Cl2+6NaOH(浓热)=5NaCl+NaClO3+3H2O18.Cl2+2KOH(冷稀)=KCl+KClO+H2O19.3Cl2+6KOH(热浓)=5KCl+KClO3+3H2O20.2Cl2+2Ca(OH2)=CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O21.Cl2+H2SO3+H2O=H2SO4+2HCl22.Cl2+2NaBr=2NaCl+Br223.Cl2+2NaI=2NaCl+I2124.Cl2+2KBr=2KCl+Br225.Cl2+2KI=2KCl+I226.Cl2+PCl3=PCl527.Cl2+2FeCl2=2FeCl3氯的氢化物1.2HCl+2Na=2NaCl+H2↑2.6HCl+2Al=2AlCl3+3H2↑3.HCl+NH3=NH4Cl4.2HCl+Na2O=2NaCl+H2O5.2HCl+MgO=MgCl2+H2O6.6HCl+Al2O3=2AlCl3+3H2O7.2HCl+CuO=CuCl2+H2O8.2HCl+FeO=FeCl2+H2O9.6HCl+Fe2O3=2FeCl3+3H2O10.8HCl+Fe3O4=FeCl2+2FeCl3+4H2O11.HCl+NaOH=NaCl+H2O12.2HCl+Mg(OH)2=MgCl2+2H2O13.3HCl+Al(OH)3=AlCl3+3H2O15.2HCl+Cu(OH)2=CuCl2+2H2O16.2HCl+Fe(OH)2=FeCl2+2H2O17.3HCl+Fe(OH)3=FeCl3+3H2O18.2HCl+Na2S=2NaCl+H2S↑19.2HCl+Ca(ClO)2=CaCl2+2HClO20.2HCl+Na2SO3=2NaCl+H2O+SO2↑21.2HCl+Na2CO3=2NaCl+H2O+CO2↑22.HCl+NaHCO3=NaCl+H2O+CO2↑23.2HCl+Na2SiO3=H2SiO3↓+2NaCl24.2HCl+CaCO3=CaCl2+H2O+CO2↑25.2HCl+MgCO3=MgCl2+H2O+CO2↑26.2HCl+BaSO3=BaCl2+H2O+SO2↑27.2HCl+BaCO3=BaCl2+H2O+CO2↑28.HCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+HNO329.16HCl+2KMnO4=2KCl+2MnCl2+8H2O+5Cl2↑30.HCl+NH3=NH4Cl31.6HCl+KClO3=KCl+3Cl2↑+3H2O氯的氧化物和含氧酸Cl2O7+H2O=2HClO4氯化物9.MgCl2+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2↓+2NaCl10.NaCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+NaNO311.KCl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+KNO312.BaCl2+2AgNO3=2AgCl↓+Ba(NO3)213.BaCl2+Na2SO3=BaSO3↓+2NaCl14.BaCl2+Na2SO4=BaSO4↓+2NaCl15.BaCl2+(NH4)2SO4=BaSO4↓+2NH4Cl16.AlCl3+3H2OAl(OH)3+3HCl17.AlCl3+3NaOH=Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl18.AlCl3+3AgNO3=Al(NO3)3+3AgCl↓19.SiCl4+2H2Si+4HCl20.NH4ClNH3↑+HCl↑21.NH4Cl+H2ONH3·H2O+HCl22.NH4Cl+NaOHNaCl+NH3↑+H2O23.2NH4Cl+Ca(OH)2CaCl2+2NH3↑+2H2O24.NH4Cl+NaNO2NaCl+2H2O+N2↑25.NH4Cl+NaAlO2+H2ONaCl+Al(OH)3↓+NH3↑26.NH4Cl+AgNO3=AgCl↓+NH4NO327.CuCl2+Zn=ZnCl2+Cu28.CuCl2+2KOH=Cu(OH)2↓+2KCl229.2AgCl2Ag+Cl230.FeCl2+2NaOH=Fe(OH)2↓+2NaCl31.FeCl3+3NaOH=Fe(OH)3↓+3NaCl32.FeCl2+2NH3·H2O=2NH4Cl+Fe(OH)2↓33.2FeCl3+Cu=2FeCl2+CuCl234.2FeCl3+Zn=ZnCl2+2FeCl235.2FeCl3+Fe=3FeCl236.FeCl3+3NH3·H2O=Fe(OH)3↓+3NH4Cl37.2FeCl3+2HI=2FeCl2+2HCl+I238.2FeCl3+2KI=2FeCl2+2KCl+I2氯的含氧酸盐1.2NaClO+H2O+CO2=Na2CO3+2HClO2.2KClO32KCl+3O2↑溴单质1.Br2+H22HBr2.Br2+2K=2KBr3.Br2+Mg=MgBr24.3Br2+2NH3=N2+6HBr5.Br2+H2S=2HBr+S↓6.Br2+2HI=2HBr+I27.Br2+H2OHBr+HBrO8.Br2+SO2+2H2O=2HBr+H2SO49.Br2+2NaOH=NaBr+NaBrO+H2O10.3Br2+6NaOH=5NaBr+NaBrO3+3H2O11.Br2+2NaI=2NaBr+I212.Br2+2KI=2KBr+I2溴的氢化物1.2HBr+H2SO4(浓)=Br2+SO2↑+2H2O2.HBr+AgNO3=AgBr↓+HNO3溴化物1.2NaBr+2H2SO4(浓)Na2SO4+Br2↑+SO2↑+2H2O2.NaBr+AgNO3=AgBr↓+NaNO33.2KBr+H2SO4K2SO4+2HBr↑4.KBr+AgNO3=AgBr↓+KNO35.2AgBr2Ag+Br2碘单质1.I2+H22HI2.I2+2Na2NaI3.I2+2K2KI4.I2+H2O=HI+HIO5.I2+H2S=2HI+S↓6.3I2+6NaOH=NaIO3+5NaI+3H2O7.3I2+6KOH=5KI+KIO3+3H2O8.I2+Na2S=2NaI+S↓碘的氢化物1.4HI+O2=2I2+2H2O3.HI+NaOH=NaI+H2O4.2HI+Ca(OH)2=CaI2+2H2O5.8HI+H2SO4(浓)=4I2+H2S↑+4H2O6.HI+AgNO3=AgI↓+HNO3碘化物1.8NaI+5H2SO4=4I2+4Na2SO4+H2S+4H2O2.NaI+AgNO3=AgI↓+NaNO33.2KI+2H2SO4=K2SO4+2H2O+SO2↑+I24.2KI+2H2SO4+MnO2MnSO4+K2SO4+2H2O+I25.KI+AgNO3=AgI↓+KNO36.2AgI2Ag+I2第二节 氧族单质及其化合物硫单质1.S+H2H2S2.S+2Na=Na2S3.2S+CCS24.S+FeFeS5.3S+6KOH=2K2S+K2SO3+3H2O6.S+2HNO3=H2SO4+2NO↑7.S+2H2SO4=3SO2↑+2H2O硫的氢化物32.2H2S+O2=2H2O+2S(不完全燃烧)3.2H2S+3O2=2H2O+2SO2(完全燃烧)4.2H2S+SO2=3S↓+2H2O5.H2S+NaOH=NaHS+H2O6.H2S+2NaOH=Na2S+2H2O7.H2S+2KOH=K2S+2H2O8.H2S+2HNO3=2H2O+2NO2↑+S↓9.3H2S+2HNO3(稀)=3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O10.H2S+H2S04(浓)=2H2O+SO2↑+S↓11.H2S+2FeCl3=2FeCl2+S↓+2HCl12.5H2S+3H2SO4+2KMnO4=K2SO4+2MnSO4+8H2O+5S↓13.3H2S+8HCl+K2Cr2O7=2CrCl3+7H2O+3S↓+2KCl14.H2S+Pb(NO3)2=2HNO3+PbS↓(棕黑色)15.H2S+CuSO4=H2SO4+CuS↓(黑色)16.H2S+2AgNO3=2HNO3+Ag2S↓(黑色)17.H2S+CdSO4=H2SO4+CdS↓(黄色)18.H2S+Hg(NO32=2HNO3+HgS↓(朱红色)硫的氧化物2.SO2+2NH3+H2O=(NH4)2SO33.SO2+H2OH2SO34.SO2+CaO=CaSO35.SO2+NO2=SO3+NO6.SO2+NaOH=NaHSO37.SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O8.SO2+Ba(OH)2=BaSO3↓+H2O9.5SO2+2H2O+2KMnO4=2H2SO4+2MnSO4+K2SO410.SO3+H2O=H2SO411.SO3+Na2O=Na2SO412.SO3+MgO=MgSO4硫的含氧酸1.2H2SO3+O2=2H2SO42.H2SO3+Na2O=Na2SO3+H2O3.H2SO3+NO2=H2SO4+NO4.H2SO3+2NaOH=Na2SO3+2H2O5.H2SO4(浓)+3H2S=4S↓+4H2O6.H2SO4+Ba(NO3)2=BaSO4↓+2HNO37.H2SO4+CaCO3=CaSO4+H2O+CO2↑8.H2SO4(稀)+Mg=MgSO4+H2↑9.3H2SO4(稀)+2Al=Al2(SO4)3+3H2↑10.H2SO4(稀)+Fe=FeSO4+H2↑11.2H2SO4(浓)+CCO2↑+2H2O+2SO2↑12.2H2SO4(浓)+CuCuSO4+SO2↑+2H2O13.2H2SO4(浓)+2AgAg2SO4+2H2O+SO2↑14.H2SO4(稀)+Zn=ZnSO4+H2↑15.2H2SO4(浓)+ZnZnSO4+SO2↑+2H2O16.4H2SO4(浓)+3Zn3ZnSO4+S↓+4H2O17.5H2SO4(浓)+4Zn4ZnSO4+H2S↑+4H2O18.2H2SO4(浓)+2HgHg2SO4+2H2O+SO2↑19.6H2SO4(浓)+2FeFe2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+6H2O20.H2SO4+2NH3=(NH4)2SO421.H2SO4+NH3=NH4HSO422.3H2SO4+Al2O3=Al2(SO4)3+3H2O23.H2SO4+CuO=CuSO4+H2O24.H2SO4(稀)+FeO=FeSO4+H2O25.3H2SO4+Fe2O3=Fe2(SO4)3+3H2O26.6H2SO4(浓)+2FeSFe2(SO4)3+3SO2↑+2S↓+6H2O27.H2SO4+2NaOH=Na2SO4+2H2O28.H2SO4+NaOH(不足)=NaHSO4+H2O29.H2SO4+Ba(OH)2=BaSO4↓+2H2O30.H2SO4+Zn(OH)2=ZnSO4+2H2O31.H2SO4+Cu(OH)2=CuSO4+2H2O32.H2SO4+2NaHSO3Na2SO4+2H2O+2SO2↑33.H2SO4+Na2SO3=Na2SO4+H2O+SO2↑34.H2SO4(浓)+NaNO3NaHSO4+HNO3↑35.H2SO4+2NaHCO3=Na2SO4+2H2O+2CO2↑36.H2SO4+Na2CO3=Na2SO4+H2O+CO2↑37.H2SO4+Na2SiO3=Na2SO4+H2SiO3↓硫化物1.Na2S+H2ONaHS+NaOH2.NaHS+H2ONaOH+H2S43.Na2S+Pb(NO3)2=PbS↓+2NaNO34.Na2S+CuSO4=CuS↓+Na2SO45.Na2S+2AgNO3=Ag2S↓+2NaNO36.Na2S+FeSO4=Na2SO4+FeS↓7.3Na2S+8HNO3(稀)=6NaNO3+4H2O+3S↓+2NO↑8.Al2S3+6H2O=3H2S↑+2Al(OH)3↓9.3CuS+8HNO3=3Cu(NO3)2+3S↓+2NO↑+4H2O10.ZnS+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2S↑硫的含氧酸盐1.Fe2(SO4)3+Fe=3FeSO42.2Na2SO3+O2=2Na2SO43.Na2SO3+2AgNO3=Ag2SO3↓+2NaNO34.2KAl(SO4)2+6NH3·H2O=3(NH4)2SO4+K2SO4+2Al(OH)3↓5.MgSO4+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2↓+Na2SO46.CaSO4+Na2CO3=CaCO3↓+Na2SO47.CaSO4+Ba(NO3)2=Ca(NO3)2+BaSO4↓8.Al2(SO4)3+6H2O2A(OH)3+3H2SO49.Al2(SO4)3+6NH3·H2O=2Al(OH)3↓+3(NH4)2SO410.(NH4)2SO4+Ca(OH)2CaSO4+2NH3↑+2H2O11.3(NH4)2SO4N2↑+4NH3↑+6H2O+3SO2↑12.CuSO4+Fe=Cu+FeSO413.CuSO4+2NaOH=Cu(OH)2↓+Na2SO414.CuSO4+Ba(NO3)2=Cu(NO3)2+BaSO4↓15.ZnSO4+2NaOH=Zn(OH)2↓+Na2SO416.ZnSO4+4NaOH=Na2ZnO2+Na2SO4+2H2O17.CuSO4·5H2OCuSO4+5H2O18.FeSO4·7H2OFeSO4+7H2O硒碲的单质1.Se+H2H2Se2.Se+O2SeO2第三节 氮族单质及其化合物氮单质3.N2+3Mg Mg3N2氮的氢化物4NH3+3O22N2+6H2O2.2NH3+H2SO4=(NH4)2SO44. 8NH3(过量)+3Cl2N2+6NH4Cl5.NH3+HNO3=NH4NO36.3NH3+H3PO4=(NH4)3PO4氮的氧化物1.2N2O(笑气)2N2+O22.2NO+O2=2NO23.NO+NO2+H2O=2HNO24.NO+NO2+2NaOH=2NaNO2+H2O5.N2O3+2KOH=2KNO2+H2O6.2NO2(红棕)N2O4(无色)7.3NO2+H2O=2HNO3+NO8.2NO2+2NaOH=NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O9.2N2O5=4NO2+O210.N2O5+H2O=2HNO311.N2O5+2KOH=2KNO3+H2O氨水1.NH3·H2ONH3↑H2O2.NH3·H2O+H2S=NH4HS+H2O氰化物1.HCN+NaOH=NaCN+H2O氮的含氧酸52.5HNO3+3P+2H2O=3H3PO4+5NO↑3.4HNO3(浓)+C4NO2↑+2H2O+CO2↑4.8HNO3(稀)+3Cu=3Cu(NO3)2↑+2NO↑+4H2O5.4HNO3(浓)+Cu=Cu(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O6.4HNO3(稀)+3Ag=3AgNO3+NO↑+2H2O7.2HNO3(浓)+Ag=AgNO3+NO2↑+H2O8.10HNO3(极稀)+4Zn=4Zn(NO3)2+NH4NO3+3H2O9.8HNO3(稀)+3Zn=3Zn(NO3)2+2NO↑+4H2O10.4HNO3(浓)+Zn=Zn(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O11.4HNO3(浓)+Hg=Hg(NO3)2+2NO2↑+2H2O12.6HNO3(浓)+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+3NO2↑+3H2O13.4HNO3(稀)+Fe=Fe(NO3)3+NO↑+2H2O14.2HNO3+MgO=Mg(NO3)2+H2O15.2HNO3+CuO=Cu(NO3)2+H2O16.HNO3+NaOH=NaNO3+H2O17.2HNO3+Ca(OH)2=Ca(NO3)2+2H2O18.3HNO3+Al(OH)3=Al(NO3)3+3H2O19.2HNO3+Cu(OH)2=Cu(NO3)2+2H2O20.2HNO3+CaCO3=Ca(NO3)2+H2O+CO2↑氮化物1.Mg3N2+6H2O=3Mg(OH)2↓+2NH3↑硝酸盐1.NaNO3+H2SO4(浓)NaHSO4+HNO3↑2.2NaNO32NaNO2+O2↑3.2AgNO32Ag+2NO2↑+O2↑4.2Pb(NO3)22PbO+4NO2↑+O2↑5.2Cu(NO3)22CuO+4NO2↑+O2↑6.NH4NO3=NH3↑+HNO3(较低温分解)7.2NH4NO3=2N2↑+4H2O+O2↑(突然加热至高温)8.2NH4NO3N2↑+2NO↑+4H2O9.3NH4NO32N2↑+N2O3+6H2O10.4NH4NO33N2↑+2NO2↑+8H2O11.5NH4NO34N2↑+2HNO3+9H2O12.NH4NO3=N2O↑+2H2O(190─300℃)13.2AgNO3+Cu=2Ag+Cu(NO3)2磷单质1.4P+3O2=2P2O3 (不充分燃烧)2.4P+5O2=2P2O5 (充分燃烧)3.4P+3KOH+3H2O=3KH2PO2+PH3↑磷的氧化物1.P2O3+3H2O=2H3PO32.P2O5+5C2P+5CO3.P2O5+H2O=2HPO3(冷水)4.P2O5+3H2O=2H3PO4(热水)5.P2O5+2H2O=H4P2O7(焦磷酸)磷酸1.H3PO4+NaOH=NaH2PO4+H2O2.2H3PO4+Ca(OH)2=Ca(H2PO4)2+2H2O磷酸盐1.NaH2PO4+NaOH=Na2HPO4+H2O2.Na2HPO4+NaOH=Na3PO4+H2O3.Na3PO4+H2O=Na2HPO4+NaOH4.Ca(H2PO4)2+2Ca(OH)2=Ca3(PO4)2↓+4H2O5.(NH4)3PO43NH3↑+H3PO42第四节 碳族单质及其化合物碳单质1.C+O2(充足)=CO22.2C+O2(不充足)2CO7.C+2CuO2Cu+CO2↑68.C+Cu2O2Cu+CO↑9.3C+2Fe2O34Fe+3CO2↑10.C+FeOFe+CO↑11.C+2PbO2Pb+CO2↑碳的氧化物1.2CO+O22CO22.CO+CuOCu+CO23.3CO+Fe2O32Fe+3CO24.CO2+2Mg2MgO+C5.CO2+2Cu+H2O+O2=Cu2(OH)2CO36.2CO2+2Na2O2=2Na2CO3+O2↑7.CO2+CaO=CaCO38.CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O9.CO2+Ba(OH)2=BaCO3↓+H2O10.CO2+2KOH=K2CO3+H2O11.CO2+Ca(OH)2=CaCO3↓+H2O12.CO2+CaCO3+H2O=Ca(HCO3)2碳酸盐1.MgCO3MgO+CO2↑3.CaCO3CaO+CO2↑4.Na2CO3+H2ONaHCO3+NaOH5.Na2CO3+SiO2Na2SiO3+CO2↑6.Na2CO3+Ca(OH)2=2NaOH+CaCO3↓7.Na2CO3+Ba(OH)2=2NaOH+BaCO3↓9.2NaHCO3Na2CO3+H2O+CO2↑10.NaHCO3+H2ONaOH+H2CO311.NaHCO3+NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O12.Mg(HCO3)2MgCO3+H2O+CO2↑13.Mg(HCO3)2+2Ca(OH)2=Mg(OH)2↓+2CaCO3↓+2H2O14.CaCO3+SiO2CaSiO3+CO2↑15.Ca(HCO3)2+Ca(OH)2=2CaCO3↓+2H2O硅、锗、锡、铅单质及其化合物1.Si+O2SiO22.Si+2NaOH+H2ONa2SiO3+2H2↑3.3SiO2+4Al2Al2O3+3Si4.SiO2+CaOCaSiO35.SiO2+2NaOHNa2SiO3+H2O6.H4SiO4=H2SiO3+H2O7.H2SiO3SiO2+H2O8.Na2SiO3+2H2O2NaOH+H2SiO39.Na2SiO3+2HCl=H2SiO3↓+2NaCl第五节 碱金属单质及其化合物钠单质及其化合物1.4Na+O2=2Na2O(空气中)2.2Na+O2Na2O23.2Na+H22NaH4.2Na+2H2O=2NaOH+H2↑5.NaH+H2O=NaOH+H2↑6.Na2O+H2O=2NaOH7.2Na2O2+2H2O=4NaOH+O2↑8.2Na2O2+2CO2=2Na2CO3+O29.2NaOH+2Al+2H2O=2NaAlO2+3H2↑710.2NaOH+Al2O3=2NaAlO2+H2O钾、铷、铯单质及其化合物1.4K+O2=2K2O(空气中)2.2K+2H2O=2KOH+H2↑3.2K2O2+2H2O=4KOH+O2↑4.2KMnO4K2MnO4+MnO2+O2↑镁单质及其化合物1.2Mg+O22MgO2.Mg+H2O(气)MgO+H2↑3.Mg+Cl2MgCl24.Mg+SMgS5.3Mg+N2Mg3N26.2Mg+CO22MgO+C7.Mg+2HCl=MgCl2+H2↑9.MgCl2·6H2OMg(OH)Cl+HCl↓+5H2O10.MgCl2+2NaOH=Mg(OH)2↓+2NaCl11.Mg3N2+6H2O=3Mg(OH)2↓+2NH3↑钙单质及其化合物1. Ca+H2CaH22. 2Ca+O2=2CaO3. Ca+2H2OCa(OH)2+H2↑4. CaO+H2O=Ca(OH)2锶钡单质及其化合物1.BaCO3+2HCl=BaCl2+H2O+CO2↑2.BaCO3+2HNO3=Ba(NO3)2+CO2↑+H2O3.BaCO3BaO+CO2↑第七节 硼、铝、镓、铟、铊单质及其化合物硼单质及其化合物铝单质及其化合物1.4Al+3O2=2Al2O32.2Al+6H2O=3H2↑+2Al(OH)3(去掉氧化膜)3.2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr4.10Al+3V2O55Al2O3+6V5.2Al+Cr2O3Al2O3+2Cr6.2Al+MoO3Al2O3+Mo7.2Al+WO3Al2O3+W8.4Al+3MnO22Al2O3+3Mn9.8Al+3Mn3O44Al2O3+9Mn10.2Al+Fe2O3Al2O3+2Fe11.8Al+3Fe3O44Al2O3+9Fe12.2Al(OH)3Al2O3+3H2O第八节 铜、银、锌、汞、铁单质及其化合物铜单质及其化合物1.2Cu+O22CuO3.Cu(OH)2CuO+H2O4.Cu2(OH)2CO32CuO+CO2↑+H2O锌、汞单质及化合物1.ZnO+2HCl=ZnCl2+H2O2.Zn(OH)2+2HCl=ZnCl2+2H2O3.2Hg+O22HgO4.2HgO2Hg+O2↑5.HgCl2+Cu=Hg+CuCl28铁单质及其化合物1.3Fe+2O2Fe3O42.3Fe+4H2O(气)=Fe3O4+4H2↑3.Fe3O4+4H23Fe+4H2O4.4Fe3O4+O26Fe2O35.4Fe(OH)2+2H2O+O2=4Fe(OH)36.2Fe(OH)3Fe2O3+3H2O第九节 其它其它(过氧化氢、臭氧、水)1.2H2O2=2H2O+O2↑2.3O22O33.2O3=3O24.2H2O2H2↑+O2↑5.2H2+O22H2O 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览