资源简介

历史文化类
1、??? Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited tocommunications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouthof the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness(荒野). But gold was discovered there in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in theWest,with a population of 30,000.
??? Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundredsof miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warming. An avalanche(雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich. About100 of these stayed rich men for therest of their lives.
??? But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like foodand wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all beenfound.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,andwhen they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quicklyas they had come.Today,people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rushhappened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.
1.What attracted the early settlers to New York City?A.Its business culture.B.Its small population.C.Its geographical position.D.Its favourable climate.
2.What do we know about those who first dug for gold in Dawson?
A.Two-thirds of them stayed there.B.One out of five people got rich.C.Almost everyone gave up.D.Half of them died.
3.What was the main reason for many people to leave Dawson?
A.They found the city too crowded.B.They wanted to try their luck elsewhere.C.They were unable to stand the winter.D.They were short of food.
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.The rise and fall of a city.B.The gold rush in Canada.C.Journeys into the wilderness.D.Tourism in Dawson.
2、??? If you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ??? It’s called Apple Day but in practice it’s more like Apple Month. The day itself is on October 21, but sinceit has caught on, events now spread out over most of October around Britain.????Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples. To people who are used to the limited choice of apples such as Golden Delicious and Royal Gala in supermarkets, it can be quite an eye opener to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio which was grown by the Romans. Although it doesn’t taste of anything special, it’s still worth a try, as is the knobbly(多疙瘩的) Cat’s Head which is more of a curiosity than anything else.??? There are also varieties developed to suit specific local conditions. One of the very best varieties for eating quality is Orleans Reinette, but you’ll need a warm, sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it, so it’s a pipe dream for most apple lovers who fall for it.????At the events, you can meet expert growers and discuss which ones will best suit your conditions, and because these are family affairs, children are well catered for with apple-themed fun and games.????Apple Days are being held at all sorts of places with an interest in fruit, including stately gardens and commercial orchards(果园).If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.1.What can people do at the apple events?A.Attend experts’ lectures.B.Visit fruit-loving families.C.Plant fruit trees in an orchard.D.Taste many kinds of apples.2.What can we learn about Decio?A.It is a new variety.B.It has a strange look.C.It is rarely seen now.D.It has a special taste.3.What does the underlined phrase “a pipe dream” in Paragraph 3 mean?A.A practical idea.B.A vain hope.C.A brilliant plan.D.A selfish desire.4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text?A.To show how to grow apples.B.To introduce an apple festival.C.To help people select apples.D.To promote apple research.
3、??? In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian(巴西的) university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologized(道歉)for their lateness.Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students’ behavior.??? The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation:at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively.He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend,the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes.??? In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.In contrast, in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States,but also end at the scheduled time.In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12:00;many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions.While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.1.The word‘punctual’most probably means________.A.leaving soon after classB.coming earlyC.arriving a few minutes lateD.being on time2.Why did the professor study the Brazilian students’behavior?A.He felt puzzled at the students’ being late.B.He felt angry at the students' rudeness.C.He wanted to make the students come on time later.D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies.3.It can be inferred from the professor’s study of lateness in the informal situation that __________.A.American students will become impatient if their friend is five minutes lateB.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatheringsC.being late in one culture may not be considered so rude in another cultureD.Brazilian students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time4.What is the main idea of this passage?A.It is important to be on time for class in the United States.B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures.C.People learn the importance of time only from their own culture.D.Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.
4、??? The Nobel Prize-winning Mexican writer Octavio Paz said, “The art of the festival has been debased(下降) almost everywhere else, but not in Mexico.” Here are several events that would have made him proud:
??? Morelia International Film Festival
??? The Morelia film fest really brings this colonial city to life in mid-October. Created as a platform for documentaries and fiction works, the programming offers an up-close look at Mexican society as seen through the eyes of a new generation of filmmakers. Fashionable bars and sidewalk cafes are buzzing with activity around the main square, where crowds gather nightly for open-air screenings and other cultural events.
??? Day of the Dead
??? Each year on November 1st and 2nd, Mexico turns its thoughts to the departed during the Day of the Dead festivities, a colorful tradition deeply rooted in native culture. For Mexicans, death is more a cause for celebration than mourning, and that spirit has been kept very much alive in Pátzcuaro, the Día de Muertos mecca. Prepare yourself to battle large crowds of the living.
?? Carnival in Veracruz &Mazatlán
??? Mexico hosts many carnival celebrations every year featuring exciting parades, dance performances, live music and of course, big-time partying. The nine-day event in Veracruz, Mexico’s biggest carnival, usually kicks off in March, right around the same time when festivities get started on the Pacific coast in Mazatlán. You can shake your body with salsa music in Veracruz or the brass band sounds of Mazatlán.
??? La Morisma
??? An all-out war erupts on the streets of colonial Zacatecas, usually around late August. OK, well, it’s actually a mock battle with well over 2,000 participants re-enacting battles between the Christians and Moors in old Spain. The faux(假的)soldiers attack one another while accompanied on the streets by bands of musicians.
1.How do the Mexicans feel when the Day of the Dead comes?A.CalmB.AnxiousC.ScaredD.Happy2.What can people enjoy in both Carnival in Veracruz &Mazatlán and La Morisma?A.Exciting paradesB.Dance performances.C.Live music.D.A mock battle3.What is the purpose of the text?A.To tell something about a Nobel Prize-winning writer.B.To introduce some famous Mexican festivals.C.To advise readers to join in the Mexican events.D.To criticize the bad customs of Mexican festivals.
5、??? The history of vacuum cleaners (真空吸尘器) in the U. K. dates back to the early 1900s. Hubert Cecil Booth started the first vacuum cleaner company in the U. K. , known as the British Vacuum Cleaner Company. It wasn’t long, however, before William Henry Hoover, who had already experienced success with his vacuum cleaners in America, made headway in the vacuum cleaner market in the U. K. and became more successful than Booth.???? Hoover’s vacuum cleaners in the U. K. became such a success that “to hoover” quickly became equal to vacuuming. Some of the earliest domestic vacuum cleaners in the U. K. used simple reusable cloth bag designs whereby the vacuum cleaner simply collected dust in the bag. Once the bag was full, you could empty and re-attach it to the vacuum cleaner. ???? For decades after their introduction, vacuum cleaners in the U. K. were a luxury item that only the upper class could afford. After World War Ⅱ, however, they became common among the middle class. This was especially true for vacuum cleaners in the U. K. , because the popularity of carpets means sweeping is not an easy or effective means of carpet cleaning.???? In 1952, Hoover made the Constellation available to the public for the first time. Hoover designed it so that people could place the vacuum cleaner in the center of the room and then work around it. After about 20 years of selling these vacuum cleaners in the U. K. , Hoover stopped the Constellation in 1975.???? Advances to upright and cylinder vacuum cleaners in the U. K. continued, enabling vacuum cleaners to become more efficient and effective. The 1990s saw the introduction of the first bagless domestic vacuum cleaners in the U. K. Despite the fears that consumers would not be prepared to accept the high price, bagless vacuum cleaners became a big success in the U. K.???? As for the future, vacuum cleaners in the U. K. are expected to become even more energy-efficient.1.What can be inferred from the first paragraph?A.Hoover entered the U. K. vacuum cleaner market before the 1900s.B.Hoover's vacuum cleaners were more advanced than Booth's.C.Hoover's vacuum cleaners were very popular in the U. K. market.D.Vacuum cleaners were invented later in the U. K. than in America.2.What was the cloth bag on the earliest domestic vacuum cleaners used for?A.Decorating the vacuum cleaners.B.Making the vacuum cleaners moreefficient.C.Lightening the vacuum cleaners.D.Collecting dust.3.What was the most remarkable characteristic of the Constellation?A.It was only used by the upper class.B.Its design allowed the user to work around it.C.It was upright and it had a cylinder added to it.D.Its price was extremely high at the time.4.We can learn from the passage that bagless vacuum cleaners _____.A.were so popular that they could fulfill all U. K. customers' demandsB.were the most energy-efficient vacuum cleanersC.were not accepted by U. K. customersD.were expensive when they made their first public appearance in the U. K.
6、??? Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times therehas been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated byhunter-gatherers,small, tightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other.Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when theworld had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
??? Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, andtheir languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsoryeducation,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, allhave caused many languages todisappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
??? At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages ishugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, oftenspoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europehas only around 200 languages; the Americas about1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia andthe Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. Themedian number (中位数)of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’slanguages are spoken by fewer people than that.
??? Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco in Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
1.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?A.They developed very fast.B.They were large in number.C.They had similar patterns.D.They were closely connected.2.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.3.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at present?A.About 6,800B.About 3,400C.About 2,400D.About 1,2004.What is the main idea of the text?A.New languages will be created.B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.C.Human development results in fewer languages.D.Geography determines language evolution.
7、??? History is quite boring topic for many and even as a part of curriculum ( 课程 ) , very few considered History an interesting one. However, history is quite fascinating and interesting. Read out the very interesting and fun facts from History.
??? Shorted War Ever
??? England and Zanzibar holds the title of shorted war in the world of history. They fought in the year 1896 and the war lasted only for 38 minutes, where Zanzibar gave in to England.
??? Longest Reign
??? Pepi II is the only emperor who ruled Egypt for the longest reign in the history ever until now. The period of his reign was from 2566 BC to 2476 BC.
??? Guards of Great Wall of China
??? Few of you may realize that one of the Seven Wonders of the World—the Great Wall of China, is protected by special guards. This group of men not just guarded the Great Wall of China, but also devoted their lives to it. The group lived there from birth to death. They grew up, worked as guards, got married, had children whose duty was also to keep guard, and died there. In fact, the dead guards were buried in the wall itself.
??? Funny Fact
??? Romans had some unique practices and traditions. One such funny practice is they mixed the human urine ( 尿 ) in the process of making toothpaste! How strange it is!
????Women in the Ancient Ages
??? Women were not provided equal freedom or independence like men in the ancient ages. In ancient days, in Greece, woman were sentenced to death if they watch the Olympic Games.
??? Unknown Last Words
??? Albert Einstein was seriously ill in his last days. He was looked after by an American nurse and he expressed a few words just before he had his last breath. Unfortunately, since his nurse could not understand German, the last words were buried with him.?
1.How long did PePi II rule Egypt?A.38 yearsB.90 yearsC.100 yearsD.80 years2.Which of the following statement is True?A.There are seven countries mentioned in passageB.The shortest war broke out between England and France.C.Albert Einstein must have spoken English just before his deathD.The special guards would protect the Great Wall from generation to generation.3.What’s the best title of the passage?A.Interesting and Fun Facts from HistoryB.What You Haven’t Known in HistoryC.History, Not Boring But InterestingD.The History Events in The Ancient Ages
8、??? Stonehenge, the world-famous circle of stone columns may 12. have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother.
??? University of Bradford researchers announced they had discovered about 100 stones covering several acres thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago. The Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project discovered the monument, which is near Durrington Walls, also known as “ superhenge”. Stonehenge, which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago, is about 2 miles away. "What we are starting to see is the largest surviving stone monument, preserved underneath a bank, that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe,” said Vince Gaffney.
??? The evidence was found under 3 feet of earth. Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were toppled. "Our radar data have shown an amazing row of up to 90 standing stones, a number of which have survived after being pushed over, and a large bank placed over the stones," said professor Wolfgang Neubauer, director of the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Archaeological Prospection and Virtual Archaeology.
??? “ In the east,up to 30 stones ... have survived below,” he said. “The extraordinary scale and details of the evidence produced by the Stonehenge Hidden Landscapes Project, which the new discoveries at Durrington Walls, is changing fundamentally(根本上) our understanding of Stonehenge and the world around it," Neubauer added.
??? "Everything written before about the Stonehenge landscape and the ancient monuments within it will need to be rewritten,” said Paul Garwood, a scientist and lead historian on the project at the University of Birmingham. The findings were announced on the first day of the British Science Festival being held at the University of Bradford.
1.It is believed that the superhenge is _________?earlier than the Stonehenge.A.1,000 yearsB.2,500 yearsC.3,500 yearsD.4,500 years2.What do researchers think of the superhenge?A.It is the biggest monument discovered in the world.B.It was built much later than the Stonehenge.C.It is the largest surviving stone monument found in England.D.It is better protected than the Stonehenge.3.What do the underlined word “toppled” most probably mean?A.Set up.B.Pushed down.C.Moved away.D.Brought up.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.The southern England has many historic sitesB.The British Science Festival will be held againC.Bigger Brother to Stonehenge has been discoveredD.The Project at the University of Birmingham



答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.B; 4.A
解析：
这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dawson这座城市的发展原因、过程与现状。
1. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.可知,人们选择在河边或港口设城是因为交通方便,便于做生意。而纽约就是在哈德森河口附近的一个大港口,故纽约吸引早期移民的原因是它的地理位置,故C正确。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.可知,在最初挖黄金的两万人中有4000人变富有,所以是五分之一的人变富了,故B正确。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.可知,人们离开Dawson的主要原因是听说在Alaska发现了黄金,也就是他们要去别的地方寻找发财的机会。故B正确。
4. 主旨大意题。第一段简要介绍城市发展的原因,引出Dawson这一城市的兴起,第二段介绍了该城市兴起的原因,第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况,所以全文围绕Dawson这个城市的发展起伏。故A正确。
【点睛】
主旨大意题的解题技巧:一篇文章都是围绕着一个中心思想或一个话题展开的,因此,有的文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词,即高频词,也叫做主题词。抓住了它,便容易抓住文章的中心。通读全文可知,文章主要围绕Dawson的发展展开,Dawson反复出现,再根据每一段的段首句可以总结出,文章第一段通过城市发展的原因引出Dawson,第二段介绍Dawson发展的原因,第三段介绍人们选择离开该城市的原因及现在的状况,从而总结出文章的主旨大意。

2答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B; 4.B
解析：1.作者向人们介绍了一个节日—Apple Day。由于这个节日翡翠受欢迎,现在已经演变成“苹果月”了。在英国,人们在十月份庆祝该节日,持续大约一个月的时间。细节理解题。根据第二段“Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of apples.”可知,参加相关的庆祝活动的人们可以品尝各种各样的苹果,故选D。2.推理判断题。A选项“Decio是一个新品种”与第二段中的“it can be... still in existence”不一致,且由这句话可知Decio现在比较罕见,故C项正确;文中并未提及Decio的外形奇异, 故B项错误;D选项“ It has a special taste.”与第二段中的"Although it doesn't taste of anything special, it's still worth a try” 表述相反.故D项错误。3.猜测词义题。根据第二段”to see the range of classical apples still in existence, such as Decio”可知,Decio是许多仍然存在的经典苹果种类之一,根据”which si more of a curiosity than anything else”可知,人们品尝它是出于好奇心,故选B。4.写作意图题。根据第一段“if you are a fruit grower—or would like to become one—take advantage of Apple Day to see what’s around. ”和最后一段“If you want to have a real orchard experience, try visiting the National Fruit Collection at Brogdale, near Faversham in Kent.”可知,作者向读者介绍了一个节日—Apple Day,并推荐人们参加这个节日,故选B。考点:
生活故事类短文阅读

3答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.本文讲述了不同的国家对于准时的理解是不一样的,是有文化差异的。
主旨大意题。纵观全文,本文讲述了不同的国家对于准时的理解是不一样的,是有文化差异的,故选D2.词义猜测题。being on time 是此题的解题思路:从原文"it is important to be on time,or punctual"中的or得出punctual和be on time意思相近。故选A。3.细节理解题。根据原文中的Were these students being rude?He decided to study the students'behavior。可知他对此表示困惑,故选C4.推理判断题。根据In contrast,in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.可知其中关键词语"In contrast"和…形成对比/比较,可知B为答案

4答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.B

5答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.体裁:说明文题材:介绍说明主题:真空吸尘器的历史【语篇导读】本文介绍了真空吸尘器的发展历史。推理判断题。根据文章第一段最后一句... made headway in the vacuum cleaner market in the U. K. and became more successful than Booth.可知,胡佛的真空吸尘器在英国市场取得了进展,且比布思的更成功。由此可推测,胡佛的真空吸尘器在英国市场很受欢迎。故选C项。2.细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二句... used simple reusable cloth bag designs whereby the vacuum cleaner simply collected dust in the bag. 可知,吸尘器上的布袋是用来收纳灰尘的。故选D项。3.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中的Hoover designed it so that people could place the vacuum cleaner in the center of the room and then work around it.可知,Constellation型号的最大特点是使用者可以绕着它使用。故选B项。4.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后一句Despite the fears that consumers would not be prepared to accept the high price, bagless vacuum cleaners became a big success in the U. K.可知,无布袋真空吸尘器刚在英国上市时非常昂贵。故选D项。

6答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C
解析：
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other... when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知,当世界以依靠狩猎为生的人居住的时候,小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的讲话模式。当世界上的人口数量不到一千万时,语言种类达到了12000种。由此推知,当时的语言种类很多。故选B。
2. 猜测词义题。根据文章第二段中的dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.可知,英语、西班牙语和汉语正在替代其他语言。由此推知dominant languages意为:强有力的语言。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.和The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that. 可知,目前世界上大约有6800种语言,但是讲的人数少于6000人的占一半即3400.故选B。
4. 主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知,语言的产生和消失进行了几千年,但最近时代语言产生的少,消失的太多。故选C。
点睛:长难句解读
In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
分析:and连接两个并列句,前面的介词短语in. . .作时间状语,all和前面的名词短语是同位语。
句意:在最近的几个世纪,贸易、工业化、民族国家的发展和全球义务教育的蔓延,尤其是过去几十年来,全球化和更好的交流,这些都是导致许多语言消失的原因。而且像英语、西班牙语和汉语这些强大的语言正在不断地占据统治地位。

7答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.A

8答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“...thought to have been built around 4,500 years ago. ” 和第二段第三句中的which is believed to have been completed 3,500 years ago”可知,超级巨石阵比巨石阵早了1000年。2.细节理解题.根据第二段中的“... is the largest surviving stone monument... that has ever been discovered in Britain and possibly in Europe” 可知,C项与题意相符。3.词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的“Some of the stones are thought to have stood 15 feet tall before they were..." 中的to have stood可推断,该词应该是“倒塌;使倒塌” 的意思,所以选B项。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的“...may have had a brother. A much bigger, older brother. ”可知,文章主要讲述的是巨石阵还有一个“大哥哥”的事情,故选C项。

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