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2019年中考英语语法复习方案9《非谓语动词》
【趋势解读】
非谓语动词是句子中不能单独作谓语的动词形式，分为三大类，即动词不定式、动名词和分词，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，在句子中的作用相当于名词、形容词戴副词。中考主要考查的是不定式和动名词，但是在阅读理解的文章中经常出现含分词结构的句子，已成为语篇填空的必考点，尤其是在自主招生考试中。非谓语动词也是考试的难点，是个系统性、综合性很强的考点。
【思维引导】
精彩笔记1 非谓语动词的基本形式和时态、语态的变化
(1)动词不定式有两种形式，一种是带to的不定式，一种是不带to的不定式。动词不定式也具有动词的特征，有时态、语态的变化。
(2)动名词(动词的-ing形式)是在动词原形后+-ing构成，它保留着动词和名词的特征，有时态和语态的变化。
(3)分词
①现在分词在形式上和动名词一样，也有时态、语态的变化。
②过去分词只有一种形式，即由“动词原形+-ed”构成。
核心题根1 将下列句子翻译成汉语并指出画线部分是哪种非谓语动词形式。
(1)She wants to buy a house with a garden.

(2)He is said to have left for Shanghai.

(3)I still remember having been taken to the zoo for the first time.

(4)She asks to be treated equally.

思路点拨:非谓语动词虽然在句子中不能作谓语，但仍然具有动词的特点，即有时态和语态的变化，同时可以带宾语和状语。
同类变式1 将下列句子译成英语，用非谓语动词完成句子，一空一词。
(1)明天举行新闻发布会。
The press conference is tomorrow.
(2)他似乎在做梦。
He seemed .
(3)我们知道没有安全带驾驶是不安全的。
We know that a seat belt is unsafe.
(4)我姐姐在医院里把坏牙拔了。
My sister got her bad tooth in the hospital.
方法技巧
(1)熟记非谓语动词三种形式时态、语态变化相对应的不同形式。
(2)一定要理清时间的先后顺序，明确动作发生的时间。
(3)一定要分清非谓语动词和其逻辑主语的关系，明确是主动式还是被动式。
精彩笔记2 非谓语动词的逻辑主语
由于非谓语动词不能作谓语，因而没有语法上的主语，但是往往有逻辑上的主语。
核心题根2 把下列句子译成汉语，并画出句中非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
(1)How can I learn to drive?
(2) I can't bear him staying up so late.
(3)Who is that man talking with her?
(4)Would you mind my opening the window?
(5) The box is too heavy for me to carry.
思路点拨:非谓语动词的逻辑主语有时就是句子的主语，不需要再引出逻择主语来。不定式的逻样主语往往是在不定式前加“for十逻辑主语”，而动名词的逻辑主语，既可以用名词的所有格或物主代词，也可以用名词的普通格或代词的宾语。
同类变式2 根据汉语提示完成句子，一空一词。
(1)我们一直盼望李阳来给我们做报告。
We are looking forward to to give us a lecture.
(2)有人敲门把他给弄醒了。
He was woken by the door.
(3)玛丽取得这么快的进步令我们非常惊讶。
such rapid progress surprised us.
(4)对于我来说解决这个问题有困难。
It is difficult the problem.
(5)说这样的话，你真傻。
It's silly so.
知识归纳
(1)动名词的复合结构就是在动名词前加上它的逻辑主语。其形式为:名词所有格/形容词性物主代词+动名词。当动名词的复合结构作宾语时，还可用名词的普格或代词的宾格作逻辑主语。
(2)不定式的复合结构为:for sb/sth+不定式。
精彩笔记3 动词不定式、动名词作宾语(一)
有些动词只能接不定式作宾语，有些只能接动名词作宾语，有些既可以接不定式作宾语，又能接动名词作宾语。
核心题根3-1 (1)Harry has decided an online shop after graduating from school.
A. open B. to open
C. opened D. opening
(2)The driver wanted his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
A. park B. parked
C. to park D. parking
思路点拨:decide和want只能接不定式作宾语，不能接动名词作宾语。句意:(1) Harry已经决定毕业后开一家网店。(2)司机想把车停在马路上，但警察不允许。
同类变式3-1 (1)I like places where the weather is always warm. I hope
Hawaii this winter.
A. visiting B. to visit C. visited
(2) Thanks for me with my science.
A. help B. to help
C. helping D. your help
(3)Paul looks forward to his pen pal as soon as possible.
A. meets B. meet
C. meeting D. met
(4)—What else should we pay attention to building the bridge?
—The change of the weather, I think.
A. finish B. finished
C. to finish D. finishing
核心题根3-2 (1)—China is getting better and better at making high technology products.一That's right. People around the world can hardly avoid products made in China.
A. not buying B. not to buy
C. to buy D. buying
(2)I wouldn't mind a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well.
A. having B. to have
C. have D. had
(3)Sarah, you'd better drink more water after for such a long time.
A. run B. runs
C. to run D. running
思路点拨:avoid doing sth“避免做某事”和mind doing sth“介意做某事是固定搭配，在这些固定拉语中，avoid等动词只能接动名词作宾语。after是介词，介词宾语由动名词充当。
同类变式3-2 A.用所给动词的正确形式填空。
I crossed the street to avoid (1) (meet) him，but he saw me and came (2) (run) towards me. It was no use(3) (pretend)that I had not seen him, so I waved to him; I never enjoy (4) (meet)Nigel Dykes. No matter how busy you are, he always insists(坚持) on
(5) (come) with you. I had to think of a way of(6) (prevent) him from (7)
(follow) me around all morning.
"Hello，Nigel, "I said. "Fancy (8) (meet) you here! "
"Hi，Elizabeth，" Nigel answered. "I was just wondering how to spend the morning until I saw you;you are not busy (9) (do) anything, are you?"
"No, not at all. " I answered, "I'm going to…"
"Would you mind my (10) (come) with you?" he asked before I had finished(11)
(speak).
B.用所给的词将两个简单句合并为一个句子，句意不变，一空一词。
(1)He went out of the restaurant. He did not pay the bill. (without)
He went out of the restaurant .
(2)She bought a pair of boots. She did not get a pair of shoes. (instead of)
She bought a pair of boots a pair of shoes.
(3)She was afraid. She did not spend the night alone. (of)
She was afraid alone.
(4) She heard the news. She fainted(昏过去).(after)
the news，she fainted.
方法技巧
一般只接不定式作宾语的动词有:(口诀)
决心学会想希望decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish
拒绝设法愿假装refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划offer, promise, choose, plan
同意请求帮一帮agree, ask/beg, help
相关警示
(1)当心to的两面性，它是不定式符号，也是介词，不要掉到题目设置的陷阱里去了哦!
(2)介词宾语一般由动名词充当，不用不定式作介词宾语。
(3)记住以介词to结尾的动词短语:look forward to期待;lead to导致;be ( get) used to习惯于;prefer... to更喜欢;refer to谈及;pay attention to注意;object to反对。
知识归纳
只能接动名词作宾语的动词和动词短语:(口诀)
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。
即:consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想象，设想);avoid. miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape,
此外，be used/accustomed to，lead to, devote to, go back to, stick to, object to, get down to,
pay attention to, can't stand(无法忍受)，give up, feel like, insist on，thank you for, apologize for.
be busy(in)， have difficulty/ trouble(in)，have a good/ wonderful/hard time(in), spend time (in)等短语也要接动名词作宾语。
精彩笔记4 动词不定式、动名词作宾语(二)
有些动词和动词短语既可以跟动名词作宾语，也可以跟不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别，要特别注意。
核心题根4 (1)―What's this ? ―Oh, my God ! It's a gift for James. I forgot it this afternoon.
A. to post B. posting C. post
思路点拨:forget to do sth意为“忘记要做某事”，指事情还没有做;forget doing sth意为“忘记做过某事”，指事情已经做了。句意:“这是什么?”“噢，我的天哪!这是詹姆斯的礼物。今天下午我忘了寄走它。”由此可知post寄)这一动作并未发生，应使用forget to do sth。
(2)I still remember to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A. to take B. to be taken
C. taking D. being taken
思路点拨:句意:我仍然记得我被带去了法门寺，在那里的所见仍然历历在目。此题考查动词remember后作宾语的非谓语动词用法。remember to do sth记得要去做某事;remember doing sth记得已经做过某事。根据句意可知应用动名词作remember的宾语，故排除A,B。又因I与take之间为被动关系，故用动名词的被动形式，在本句中应该用being taken。与本题remember用法相同的动词还有forget(忘记),regret(后悔)等。
同类变式4 (1)Kate, remember for the sick to cheer them up.
A. to sing B. not to sing C. singing
(2)I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking B. to lock
C. having locked D. to have locked
知识归纳
请记住下面这些动词和动词短语，注意它们在意义上的区别。

forget to do sth忘记去做某事
doing sth忘记已经做过某事
remember to do sth记住去做某事
doing sth记得曾经做过某事
regret to do sth遗憾要去做某事
doing sth后悔做过某事
try to do sth努力做某事
doing sth尝试着做某事
mean to do sth打算做某事
doing sth意味着做某事
stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事
doing sth停止做某事
go in to do sth(做完某事)接着做另一件事
doing sth (=go on with sth)继续做同一件事
can't help (to) do sth不能帮助做某事
doing sth情不自禁地做某事
精彩笔记5 动词不定式作宾语补足语的两种情况
(1)有些动词及动词短语接动词不定式作宾语补足语，如:ask /tell /want sb to do sth请/告诉/想要某人做某事。
(2)动词不定式在作感官动词、使役动词的宾语补足语时，要省略不定式符号to，但改为被动语态后，to要还原。
核心题根5-1 (1)My parents didn't allow me to the party.
A. go B. to go
C. goes D. went
思路点拨:考查动词不定式作宾语的补足语。句意:父母没有允许我去参加聚会。allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”。
(2)We advise parents their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger.
A. not leave B. not to leave
C. leave D. to leave
思路点拨:考查不定式作宾语补足语。句意:我们建议父母为了使孩子远离危险，不要把孩子单独留在家里。advise sb (not) to do sth“建议某人不要做某事”。not to do sth是宾语sb的补足语。
同类变式5-1 (1) My parents always tell me more vegetables and fruit.
A. eat B. eating
C. eats D. to eat
(2)As Jack left his membership card at home，he wasn't allowed into the sports club.
A. going B. to go
C. go D. gone
知识归纳
后接不定式作补语的动词及动词词组:
advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, intend, invite, like,
love, order, persuade, prefer, require, teach, remind, tell，want, warn, wish, wait for, call on,
depend on等。
注意: fear, excuse/forgive, refuse, punish, suggest/propose, agree/approve, inform, welcome, insist/persist, hope, arrange, demand, thank, congratulate, prevent不能用不定式作宾补。
核心题根5-2 (1)(临沂中考)What happens when you hear a strange noise at night，or find a big spider in the corner of your bedroom? It often makes us .
A. jump B. to jump
C. jumping D. jumped
思路点拨:考查非谓语动词。使役动词make后跟省略了to的不定式作宾补，构成make sb do sth“使某人做某事”的结构。
(2)I heard my sister (sing) an English song dust now.
A. to sing B. sing
C. singing D. to have sang
思路点拨:感官动词hear后接省略了to的不定式作宾补，构成hear sb do sth结构，意为“听见某人做了某事”，表示动作已结束或将要发生。hear后面还可以接现在分词作宾补，构成hear sb doing sth听见某人正在做某事)结构，但doing强调动作的延续性，表示正在进行。根据句意“我刚才听到姐姐唱了英文歌”可知，“sing”这个动作已完成。
同类变式5-2 (1)Though he often made his little sister ，today he was made by his little sister.
A. cry;to cry B. crying; crying
C. cry;cry D. to cry;cry
(2)The mother felt herself cold and her hands trembled(抖动)as she read the letter from the battlefield.
A. grow B. grown
C. to grow D. to have grown
知识归纳
(1)接不带to的不定式作宾补的动词或动词短语:一感(feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(have, let, make )，三发现(discover, notice, find)，四看(see, look at, observe, watch)。
(2)某些固定结构后使用不带to的不定式，如:would you please…请您……; had better…最好还是……;why not…为什么不……。
精彩笔记6 现在分词、过去分词和省略to的不定式作宾语补足语时应注意的问题
如何使用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的关键是看宾语和它的补足语之间的逻辑关系。
(1)宾语与补足语之间是主动关系，宾补中的动词表示的是动作的过程，或者已完成或者要完成，这时用省略了to的不定式作宾补。
(2)现在分词作宾补表示动作正在进行，宾语和宾补是主动关系;过去分词作宾补表示动作被完成，宾语和宾补之间是被动关系。
核心题根6 (1)After a knock at the door, the child heard his mother's voice him.
A. calling B. called
C. being called D. to call
思路点拨:hear sb doing sth“听见某人正做某事”，而hear sb do sth意为“听见某人做了(或要做)某事”。根据“敲门之后，这个小孩听到了妈妈叫他的声音”可知“叫”的逻辑主语是“his mother's voice”，是主动关系，且正在进行之中，所以hear sb doing sth符合句意。
(2)Don't leave the water while you brush your teeth.
A. run B. running
C. being run D. to run
思路点拨:leave sb/sth doing“留下某人/某物一直做某事”，主语与补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系，表示主动和进行。leave sb to do sth“留下某人去做某事”，不定式表示将来的动作。
(3)The director(主任)had her assistant some hot dogs for the meeting.
A. picked up B. picks up
C. pick up D. picking up
思路点拨:本题考查使役动词have后面的宾语补足语。句意:主任让她的助手给会议买些热狗。从句子的结构看，had是谓语动词，空白处为宾语her assistant的补足语。have和make等使役动词后要接省略to的不定式作宾补，构成have sb do sth“让某人做某事”。另外have也可与其他非谓语动词搭配成have sb doing sth“让某人一直做某事”。
(4)―Did you have anyone the trees?
一Yes，I had the trees .
A. to water; water B. to water;watered
C. water; to be watered D. water; watered
思路点拨:考生容易混淆have sb do sth和have sth done这两个固定结构而误选。句意:一你让人给树浇水了吗?一浇了，我已让人给树浇水了。have sb do sth意为“让某人做某事”。have sth done意为“让别人做某事”。
方法技巧
1.感官动词(词组)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语
有四种形式，以see为例:
doing看见……正在做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的主动关系
do看见……做了
see+宾语+ being done看见……正在被做 宾语与宾补为逻辑上的被动关系
done看见……被做
2.让我们看看see后面接非谓语动词作宾语补足语的情况，如:I saw him come into the building.我看见他进楼了。(不定式省略to ，表示动作全过程)He was seen to come into the building.有人看见他进楼了。(see为被动语态时，to要还原)I saw him coming into the building.我看见他正在进楼里来。(现在分词，表示动作正在进行) I saw the bottle broken by him.我看见瓶子被他打破了。(过去分词，表示被动和完成)
同类变式6 (1)I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind B. wind
C. winding D. wound
(2)Even the best writers sometimes find themselves for words.
A. lose B. lost
C. to lose D. having lost
(3)In the dream Peter saw himself by a fierce(凶猛的)wolf, and he woke suddenly with a start.
A. chased B. to be chased
C. be chased D. having been chased
(4)Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues(同事) with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing
C. amuse D. to be amused
(5)Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car .
A. washed B. wash
C. washing D. to wash
(6)—Excuse me, sir, where is Room 301?
一Just a minute. I'll have Bob you to your room.
A. show B. shows
C. to show D. showing
方法技巧
动词leave, keep, find等谓语动词接复合宾语的情况:
sb/sth doing留下某人/物一直做(表示主动和进行)
leave sth undone留下某事未做(表示被动和完成)
sb to do留下某人去做 (不定式表示将来的动作)
sth to be done留下某事要做
keep sb/sth doing使某人/物一直做(表示主动且进行)
sb/sth done使某人/物被……(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)
sb doing发现某人正在做(表示主动且进行)
find sb/sth done发现某人/物已经被……(表示被动且完成，或表示状态)
sb/sth (to be)…发现某人/物(是)……
方法技巧
使役动词make, let, have, get后加复合宾语的情况:
(1) make+宾语+ do让……做
done让……被做
(2)let sb do让某人做
do使……做
(3)have+宾语+ doing使……持续做
done使……被做
to do使……做
(4) get+宾语+ doing使……持续做
done使……被做
精彩笔记7 非谓语动词作主语
动名词或不定式都可以在句中作主语，但在下列句型中常用动名词作主语:
no use /good
It is /was not any use/good + doing sth
of little use/good
worth
如:It is no use crying over spilt milk.覆水难收。
It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前预约一下是值得的。
核心题根7 在练习这支曲子之前先听听是值得的，每天晚上练习它要花我半个小时的时间。
this piece of music. me half an hour it every evening.
思路点拨:动词不定式作主语时通常用it作其形式主语，真正的主语置于句末，如“It takes sb+时间+to do sth”意为“做某事花了某人多长时间”。动名词作主语时，一般不用it作形式主语，只是在某些固定的句式中，才用it作形式主语，如It+be+worth+doing sth“值得做某事”。
同类变式(1)It's important for the figures(数据) regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated
C. to update D. to have updated
(2)It's no use without taking any action(采取行动).
A. complain B. complaining
C. being complained D. to be complained
知识归纳
(1)动名词作主语多指抽象性的、概念性的动作，也可以是多次的、经常性的行为。如:Playing with fire is dangerous.玩火危险。
不定式作主语多表示具体的动作，尤其是一次性的动作。如:It will be dangerous to play with fire.玩火会发生危险。
(2)若主语和表语都是非谓语动词，应保持形式上的一致。如:Seeing is believing.(=To see is to believe.)眼见为实。
精彩笔记8 不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，只能置于被修饰的词之后。
核心题根8 (1)Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including(包括)your own.
A. change B. changing
C. changed D. to change
思路点拨:句意:志愿者活动给你一个改变生活的机会，包括改变你自己。这是一个简单句，Volunteering足主语，gives是谓语动词，you是间接宾语，a chance是直接宾语， lives是非谓语动词作定语修饰chance，逗号后面是状语。D项to change是不定式主动形式，在句中作定语时可以表示过去或未来的动作，符合句意，而且“... a chance to do sth”是常用的搭配形式。
(2)We're having a meeting in half an hour. The decision at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made
C. made D. having been made
思路点拨:句意:半个小时之后我们要开个会。会上要做出的决定将影响我们公司的未来。这是一个简单句，the decision at the meeting是主语，其中 at the meeting是定语修饰the decision。根据语境可知半小时后才开会，决定还没做出呢，应该表示将来的动作。A项to be made是不定式的被动态，符合语境要求。
同类变式8 (1)The students are looking forward to having an opportunity society for real-life experience.
A. explore B. to explore
C. exploring D. explored
(2)Many buildings in the city need repairing, but the one first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired
C. repairing D. to be repaired
方法技巧
不定式与其所修饰的词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，而该不定式为不及物动词时，其后须加上适当的介词。如:There is nothing to worry about.没什么可担心的。I'm looking for a room to live in.我正在找一间屋子住。
精彩笔记9 分词作定语
现在分词和过去分词都能作定语，但有几个常考点要分清。
(1)单个分词一般放在被修饰的词之前，分词短语则要后置。
(2)现在分词或分词短语表示主动、进行的动作，即语态是主动的，时态是进行时。
(3)过去分词或分词短语正好与现在分词相反，表示的是被动的、完成了的动作。
(4)有些表示感觉的动词，其现在分词形式表示“令人……的”，过去分词则表示“感到……的”。
核心题根9 用分词或分词短语，将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。
(1) China is a country with long history. It is developing.
China is a country with long history.
(2)The young man is a doctor. He wears glasses.
The young man is a doctor.
(3) We saw a lake. The lake is polluted.
We saw a lake.
(4)The church is next to the park. It was built by prisoners of war.
The church is next to the park.
思路点拨:① developing“发展中的”，是现在分词，表示主动、进行之意，developed为过去分词，表示被动、完成的动作，意为“发达的”。② The lake is polluted及The church was built均是被动语态，表示被完成，因此作为合并后句子中名词的定语时，要用过去分词或过去分词短语。
同类变式9 (1) The island, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining B. to join
C. joined D. having joined
(2)The rare fish, from the cooking pot，has been returned to the sea.
A. saved B. saving
C. to be saved D. having saved
(3)Look over there-there's a very long, winding path up to the house.
A. leading B. leads
C. led D. to lead
相关提示
过去分词作定语有“被动、过去”的含义;现在分词作定语有“正在进行”的含义;不定式作定语有“即将发生”之意。如:The piano used at the concert is made in France.音乐会上用的那架钢琴是法国制造的。The girl to play the piano at the concert is Mary.将要在音乐会上弹钢琴的那个女孩是玛丽。
精彩笔记10 不定式作状语
不定式可作目的、结果或原因状语等。
(1)不定式作目的状语常用“so as to/in order to+动词原形”, so as to不可用于句首。不定式作目的状语且在句中时，不能用逗号与前面的部分分开。
(2)不定式作结果状语常用在下列结构中:so... as to; such... as to; enough... to; only to(常表示意外的结果或事与愿违的结果);too ... to等。
(3)不定式作原因状语:形容词或过去分词作表语时，后面可接不定式作原因状语，用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况等。
核心题根10 (广东中考)In order for the meeting, my sister forced herself to get up early this morning.
A. not to be late B. not being late
C. to be late D. being late
思路点拨:in order to do sth为固定搭配，意为“为了做某事”，其否定式为in order not to do sth。句意:为了开会不迟到，我姐姐今天早上迫使自己早早地起了床。
(2)When asked why he went there, he said he was sent there for a space flight(宇宙飞行).
A. training B. being trained
C. to have trained D. to be trained
思路点拨:句意:当问到他为什么去那里时，他说被派往那里是为了接受宇宙飞行训练。此题考查不定式作目的状语。空白处后面的部分是he was sent there的目的，且“训练”和其逻辑主语he之间是被动关系。
同类变式10 (1)Jenny, you should practice as often as you can the piano competition.
A. fail B. to fail
C. win D. to win
(2)Many fast food restaurants paint their walls red, play loud music and have hard seats customers eat quickly and leave.
A. make B. to make
C. made D. making
相关提示
记住这些含有不定式的特殊句式:
①Why not+不带to的不定式+…?“为什么……”
②had better+(not)+不带to的不定式“最好(不) ……”
③would rather+不带to的不定式…than+不带to的不定式…“宁愿……也不愿……”
④too... to+动词原形+…“太……而不能”
⑤... enough ... to十动词原形+…“……得足以……”
⑥There be ... to+动词原形+…“有……要做”
⑦It's+形容词+of/for+sb+不定式+…
⑧特殊疑问词+不定式
精彩笔记11 分词作状语(中考很少考，但自主招生会考)
分词或分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。为了强调，还可与while, when, once, if, unless等连词连用，相当于状语从句。
核心题根11 (1) Time， correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use B. used
C. using D. use
思路点拨:句意:时间，如果被正确使用，就犹如银行中的存款。考查非谓语动词作状语。 time与use为逻辑上的被动关系，四个选项只有B项表示被动，故为答案，“ used correctly”相当于条件状语从句if it is used correctly。
(2) the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached
C. To approach D. To be approached
思路点拨:句意:在快到(行近)市中心时，我们看见一座大约10米高的石头雄像。本题考查现在分词短语作时间状语。句子的主语是we, approach的逻辑主语也是we。现在分词表示主动和动作正在进行，过去分词表被动和动作完成，所以选择approaching。
同类变式11 (1)When for his views(看法，观点)about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked
C. having asked D. to be asked
(2) with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using
C. Used D. To use
方法技巧
1.不定式、分词作状语的基本原则:不定式、分词作状语时，不定式、分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。即:不定式、分词作状语必须和句中主语含有逻辑上的主谓或动宾关系，否则一般不能使用不定式、分词作状语。
2.解答考查非谓语动词的题目时，一定要保持头脑冷静。一般要遵循以下解题思路:
(1)分析句子结构，确定设空处在句子中充当的成分(如状语、定语或宾补);
(2)找准相关动词的逻辑主语，确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);
(3)搜索句子中相关的时间信息，确定非谓语动词的恰当形式;
(4)将该选项置入空中，看是否通顺、连贯，或是否传达有效信息、完成交际任务。

跟踪练习
1.I can't stand with Jane in the same office. She just refuses talking while she works.
A. working; stopping
B. to work; stopping
C. working; to stop
D. to work; to stop
2.If there's a lot of work , I'm happy to just keep on until it is finished.
A. to do B. to be doing
C. done D. doing
3.I feel greatly honored(光荣) into their society.
A. to welcome B. welcoming
C. to be welcomed D. welcomed
4.The sunlight is white and blinding(耀眼的)， hard-edged shadows on the ground(在地上投射出边缘清晰的影子).
A. throwing B. being thrown
C. to throw D. to be thrown
5.I got to the office earlier that day, the 7:30 train from Paddington.
A. caught B. to have caught
C. to catch D. having caught
6. the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding
C. To find D. Found
7. When I was little，my mother used to sit by my bed, me stories till I fell asleep.
A. having told B. telling
C. told D. to tell
8.Young people may risk deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
9.Sophia got an e-mail her credit card account number.
A. asking for B. ask for
C. asked for D. having asked for
10. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
11.Film has a much shorter history, especially when such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to
B. comparing to
C. compare to
D. compared to
12.Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds away.
A. to stay B. staying
C. stayed D. stay
13.When those two novels，we find it difficult to tell which one is better.
A. compared
B. comparing
C. to compare
D. being compared
14.The nurse tells me it is time to have my temperature ，and the doctor will soon come to see if I get better.
A. taking B. taken
C. to take D. take
15.The concert is wonderful ) The music of the film by him sounds so .
A. playing; exciting
B. played; excited
C. playing; excited
D. played; exciting
16.The boy by his uncle the plan that he should also raise his father and mother.
A. brought up; agreed to
B. put up; agreed on
C. brought on; agreed with
D. brought up; agreed with
17.—Have you considered the job as a teacher?
—Yes. I like it because a teacher is often considered a gardener.
A. to take; to be
B. to take; being
C. taking; being
D. taking; to be
18. late in the morning, he turned off the alarm.
A. Sleeping B. To sleep
C. Sleep D. Having slept
19. more time, he'll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
20.Now everyone here is working hard and doing what they can more money.
A. make B. to make
C. making D. made
21. He got up late and hurried to his office, the breakfast untouched.
A. left B. to leave
C. leaving D. having left
22. to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been asked
B. To ask
C. Having asked
D. To be asked
23. into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating
B. Translated
C. To translate
D. Having translated
24. More TV programs, according to government officials，will be produced people's
concern over food safety.
A. to raise B. raising
C. to have raised D. having raised
25. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit on his own farm.
A. grown B. being grown
C. to be grown D. to grow

参考答案
核心题根1:(1)她想买一栋带花园的房子。不定式的一般时
(2)据说他动身去了上海。不定式的完成时
(3)我依然记得第一次被带到动物园时的情景。动名词的完成被动时
(4)她要求被平等对待。不定式的一般被动时
同类变式1:(1)to he held
(2)to be dreaming不定式进行时作表语。
(3)driving without动名词一般时作主语
(4)pulled out "get+sth+过去分词”，过去分词作宾语的补足语。
核心题根2:(1)我怎么样才能学会开车?不定式to drive的逻辑主语是I。
(2)我不能忍受他这么晚睡觉。动名词staying的逻辑主语是him。
(3)跟她谈话的那个人是谁?现在分词talking的逻辑主语是that man。
(4)你介意我把窗户打开吗?动名词opening的逻辑主语是my。
(5)这个箱子我提太重了。to carry的逻辑主语是for me。
同类变式2 : (1) Li Yang's / Li Yang coming动名词的复合结构作look forward to的宾语。
(2)someone knocking on动名词的复合结构作介词by的宾语。
(3)Mary's making动名词的复合结构作句子的主语，其逻辑主语用名词所有格或物主代词。
(4)for me to solve在“It's+形容词+for+逻辑主语+不定式”中，若形容词为形容人品质的形容词时，不用for，而要与of搭配。
(5)of you to say
核心题根3-1:(1)B (2)C
同类变式3-1:(1)B (2)C (3)C (4)C
核心题根3-2:(1)D (2)A (3)D
同类变式3-2:A. (1)meeting (2)running (3)pretending (4)meeting (5)coming
(6)preventing (7)following (8)meeting (9)doing (10)coming (11)speaking
B. (1)without paying the bill
(2)instead of getting
(3)of spending the night
(4)After having heard
核心题根4:(1)A (2)D
同类变式4:(1)A (2)B
核心题根5-1:(1)B (2)B
同类变式5-1: (1)D (2)B
核心题根5-2:(1)A (2)B
同类变式5-2 : (1) A (2)A
核心题根6:(1)A (2)B (3)C (4)D
同类变式6:(1)C (2)B (3)A (4)A (5)A (6)A
核心题根7:It is worth listening to; It takes; to practice
同类变式7:(1)A (2)B
核心题根8: (1)D (2)A
同类变式8: (1)B (2)D
核心题根9:(1) developing (2) wearing glasses (3) polluted
(4)built by prisoners of war
同类变式9:(1)C (2)A (3)A
核心题根10:(1)A (2)D
同类变式10:(1)D (2)B
核心题根11:(1)B (2)A
同类变式11:(1)B (2)C
跟踪练习
1-10 CACADBBCAA 11-20 DABBDADBDB 21-25 CABAA

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