2020届高考英语语法系统复习之名词性从句的考点(共29张ppt)

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2020届高考英语语法系统复习之名词性从句的考点(共29张ppt)

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(共29张PPT)
2020年高考语法系统复习之名词性从句
(2)主语从句可以放在句子后面,而用it作形式主语放在句首,尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中,即:It+be+adj./n.+that?clause。但what,whatever,whoever,whichever引导的主语从句一般不后置。如:
It is very difficult to cool damaged nuclear reactors.
冷却受损核反应堆很难。
It is a pity that you missed such a fine talk.
很遗憾你错过了如此美好的谈话。
(3)whoever,whatever,whichever引导的主语从句:whoever相当于anyone who,表明泛指关系,表示“任何……的人都,凡是……的人都”。whatever相当于anything that,表示“所……的一切,无论……”。whichever意为“无论哪个;无论哪些”。既可指人,也可指物;既可单独使用,也可修饰名词,也可以跟of短语连用。如:
Whoever comes will be welcome.
谁来都会欢迎。
Whatever was said here must be kept secret.
在这里所说的一切都要保密。
Whichever book you choose doesn't matter to me.
你选哪本书不关我的事。
考点2.宾语从句
(1)宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。引导宾语从句的词如下:
that,what,whether,if,where,when,whatever,whoever等。如:
We must find out who did all this.
我们必须查明谁做了这个。
(2)由whatever,whichever,whoever,whosever引导的宾语从句。如:
You may do whatever (anything that)you like.
你可以做任何你喜欢的事。
Return the book to whosever (anyone whose) name is on it.
把书还给书上写名字的人。
(3)介词后的宾语从句。如:
I always think of how I can improve my spoken English.
我总是在考虑如何提高口语。
The teacher is pleased with what she has said.
老师很高兴听到她说的话。
(4)形容词后的宾语从句(that可省略)。如:
We're glad that our football team has won the match.
我们很高兴我们的足球队赢了比赛。
(5)非谓语动词后的宾语从句。如:
Realizing that it was just a difference in the custom,the foreigner smiled and said nothing.
当外国人意识到这只是习惯上的不同,就笑笑什么也没说。
(6)宾语从句中的形式宾语it。
在“及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语”的结构中,宾语如果是由从句来担任,则通常放在宾补的后面,用形式宾语it来代替它,此时,that一般不可省。如:
I made it clear that I was determined to carry out the plan.
我很清楚,我已下定决心实施这项计划。
(7)宾语从句中的虚拟语气:
①desire愿望,demand要求,insist坚决要求,order命令,request请求,suggest建议,propose提议等词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。宾语从句的谓语形式:should+do,should可以省略。如:
He insisted that she (should)stay here for another week.
他坚持认为她应该在这再待一周。
They suggested that we (should) start at once.
他们建议我们立即开始。
②wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气。
I wish I had met him yesterday.
我希望昨天见过他。
(2)引导表语从句时,用whether,不能用if。如:
The question is whether he has signed the contract.(不能用if)
问题是他是否已经签了合同。
(3)reason后面的表语从句用that引导;定语从句用why或that引导。请比较下面两个复合句:
The reason why we don't trust him is that he has often lied.
我们不信任他的原因是他经常撒谎。
You must tell him the reason why/that you won't accept his offer.
你必须告诉他你不接受他报价的原因。
(4)由连接副词引导的表语从句。如:
That is where the great writer used to live.
那就是大作家以前住的地方。
That is why the sports meet was put off.
那就是运动会被推迟的原因。
That was when I was thirty.
那就是我30岁的时候。
(5)表语从句还可用as,as if/though引导。如:
Things were not as they seemed.
事情并不像他们看到的那样。
It looks as if it is going to rain.
看上去好像要下雨了。
The news you_told_me_yesterday was really disappointing.
你昨天告诉我的消息真的很令人失望。(此句是定语从句,它指的是“你昨天告诉我的那个消息”)
考点6.whether与if在名词性从句中的用法区别
(1)引导主语从句时
whether引导的主语从句可放在句首,也可放在后面,但if引导的主语从句一般放在句尾。如:
Whether he comes or not makes no difference.
他来不来都一样。
It is not decided whether/if I'll go there.
是否我将去那还没决定。
(2)引导宾语从句时
whether与if引导动词的宾语从句时,大多数情况下可换用。但作介词宾语时,只能用whether;后面直接跟不定式时,只能用whether;在与or not连用时也只能用whether。如:
It all depends on whether they will support us.
这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。
I don't care whether it rains or not.
我不在乎是否下雨。
考点8.宾语从句中that的省略
that在引导宾语从句时,很多情况下都可省略。但在下列情况下一般不可省略:如在动词answer,imply后一般不可省。that也常出现在像convince sb. that;inform sb.that;remind sb. that;tell sb.that等之后。在较长的句子里,特别在动词后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时,第一个that可省,第二个或第三个that不可省。如:
We know (that)an earthquake is unavoidable and that we can't predict it.
我们知道地震无法避免而且我们也无法预测。
例如:
________seems to be no possibility________Li Hua can win the first prize in the 100?meter race.
A.It;that        B.There;that
C.There;whether D.It;whether
[解析]There seems to be no possibility that...似乎没有……的可能,为固定句型。
[答案]B
2.分析句子成分,判断从句功能。
遇到考查句法的题目时,要通读全句,首先考虑是不是某种句型,如强调句型;题干句若是疑问句,首先把它恢复为正常语序;观察设空的前前后后,确定相关从句的性质;确定从句性质后,回忆相关从句的用法特点,从而做出取舍;注意标点符号和并列连词(and,but)的作用;将选项代入句子,看前后是否语意贯通。
例如:
The 3G cellphone must be of great use and convenience to________ wants to get the information through the Internet quickly.
A.which B.whomever
C.whichever D.whoever
[解析]whoever引出宾语从句,作从句中的主语。whomever只能充当宾语。
[答案]D
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