资源简介

2020届高中英语二轮复习
阅读理解（历史文化类）
1、For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
"It's no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers," says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion — they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hil.
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. "The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers," she says. "China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."
1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?
A. It promoted the sales of artworks. B. It attracted a large number of visitors.
C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.
2.What does Hill say about Chinese women?
A. They are setting the fashion. B. They start many fashion campaigns.
C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.
3.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?
A. learning from B. looking down on
C. working with D. competing against
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Young Models Selling Dreams to the World
B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York
C. Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics
D. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
2、Hilversum is a medium-sized city between the major cities of Amsterdam and Utrecht in the Gooi area of North Holland, the Netherlands. Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand. Once called the Garden of Amsterdam, it still attracts travelers to come over to cycle and walk through the surrounding forests. They visit it for a relaxing day off from the urban madness. For Dutch people, Hilversum is all about textile(纺织) and media industries, and modern architecture.
In history, Hilversum was largely an agricultural area. Daily life was marked by farming, sheep raising and wool production. A railway link to Amsterdam in 1874 attracted rich traders from Amsterdam to Hilversum. They build themselves large villas(别墅) in the wooded surroundings of the town. One of the families moving in was the Brenninkmeijers, currently the wealthiest family of the Netherlands. They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum. But the textile boom lasted only several decades. The last factory closed in the 1960s.
The change to a media economy started in 1920, when the Nederlandse Seintoestedllen Fabriek (NSF) established a radio factory in Hiversum. Most radio stations settlled in the large villas in the leafy areas of the town. Television gave another push to the local economy. Hilversum became the media capital of the Netherlands, and Dutch televison stars moved into the leafy neighborhoods surrounding the town.
In the early 1900s, modern architcts W.M. Dudok and J. Duiker placed hundreds of remarkable buildings in Hilversum. These modern architectural masterpieces(杰作) are so many that Hilversum almost feels like an open air museum. Dudok alone shaped most of 20th century Hilversum and approximately 75 buildings still bear his unique characteristics. His maeterpiece: Hilversum Town Hall, was built?in 1928-1931. It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks. The building has a remarkable shape and looks like a combination of “blocks”. Actually, one may start his journey of modern architecture by walking or biking the W.M. Dudok Architectural Route in Hilversum.
1.Hilversum is different from most of the Netherlands in that ______.
A.it has a large population B.it is cut off from big cities
C.it has many beautiful gardens D.it is in a hilly area with sandy soil
2.What was the greatest contribution of the Brenninkmeijers to Hilversum?
A. Building a railway link to Amsterdam. B.Helping its textile industry to develop.
C. Constructing large villas for the poor. D.Assisting its agricultural industry.
3.The beginning of the media industry in Hilversum was marked by the establishment of ______.
A.a radio factory B.the medial capital C.a radio station D.a TV station
4.What is known about W.M. Dudok’s Hilversum Town Hall?
A.It consists of approximately 75 buildings.
B.It looks like an open air museum in the city.
C.It is a classic example in architecture textbooks.
D.It has shaped most of 20th century Hilversum.
3、 The University of Birmingham is the first excellent UK Russell Group university to announce that it will accept the "Gaokao" exam for high-flying Chinese students wishing to join its. undergraduate courses in 2019.? High school students who complete the "National Higher Education Entrance Examination", or Gaokao, with top grades will be able to apply for direct entry onto Birmingham degree programmes without first completing a foundation year which is a routine for the freshman.
??? Gaokao is usually taken by students in their last year of senior high school and, every year, each province in China sets the grades required to gain admission to its universities. It is usually held across China in early June.? Students are tested in Chinese, Mathematics, a Foreign Language and social sciences or natural sciences.
??? University of Birmingham Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir David Eastwood said: "The University of Birmingham has been challenging and developing great minds for more than a century. We welcome people from around the globe to study at Birmingham and Chinese students form an integral part of our education and research community. We are further opening access to Birmingham's wealth of education opportunities for the brightest and most dedicated Chinese students by accepting this strict and important qualification. I look forward to welcoming these high-flying students to the University of Birmingham. "
??? Gaokao is increasingly accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe. Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language requirements.
??? Professor J on Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said:"The University of Birmingham has a long history of educating students from China and one of our most famous graduates is Li Siguang-the founding father of Chinese geology. I am delighted that the University is now accepting the Gaokao. This gives the brightest and best Chinese students an opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a global Top 100 university, such as Birmingham. "
1.What do Chinese students have to do to enter the University of Birmingham before 2019?A.Go through a foundation year.B.Prepare Birmingham degree programmes.C.Acquire the right to permanent residency.D.Score over 800% of the university's qualification examination.2.Who is the announcement intended for?A.The foreign students in China.B.All people living in the UK.C.The students of the UK.D.Chinese students.3.Which of the following best explains "integral" underlined in paragraph 3?A.Complete.B.Necessary.C.Indifferent.D.Unimportant.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.The introduction to the "Gaokao" of China.B.The history of the University of Birmingham.C.The high quality students accepted by top universities.D.The University of Birmingham's admission to Gaokao.
4、How did the ancient Chinese keep food warm in winter?
Facilities like electric rice cookers, microwaves, and electric kettles, make it easy for people to keep food warm and enjoy a comfortable winter. So how did Chinese people in ancient times keep food warm in winter without these? In fact, ancient Chinese people used their own methods of heat preservation as early as the Shang and Zhou dynasties.
● “Wen Ding”, ancient rice cooker
One of the major functions of an electric rice cooker is to keep food warm. The “Wen Ding”, an ancient cooking container, served the same purpose, but instead of using electric energy, the ancient cooking container preserved heat by burning fuels like charcoal. The “Wen Ding” unearthed in Nanjing in 1989 is thought to be the oldest of its kind discovered in China, dating back to the Stone Age, The craftsmanship of making the “Wen Ding” was developed in the Bronze Age. The bronze Ding from Shang and Zhou dynasties took on different shapes and structures.
● “Ran LU”, ancient small hot pot
The “Ran LU” is a small size cooking vessel (器皿)made of bronze, which can be divided into three parts. A charcoal stove forms the main structure, with a bottom tray to hold charcoal ashes, and a movable cup at the top. Some experts have concluded that the vessel’s structure suggests it may have been used as a small hot pot and that these vessels became popular in the Warring States Period(475—221 BC)
●Bronze You, ancient kettle
The Bronze You was one of the most common wine containers during the Shang and Zhou dynasties. The Bronze You can also be used to warm wine. For example, the Bronze You with beast mask design, unearthed in Jiangxi province, has an opening where charcoals could be placed. Just as people today can’t do without an electric kettle, the Bronze You allowed people to enjoy a hot drink.
●Bronze Yan, ancient steamer
Although the “Wen Ding” was effective at keeping food warm, the ancient Chinese people later found that its burning produced pollution. As a result, the Bronze Yan was made with a two-tier structure and used to steam rice and other grains. After the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 25-AD 220), further improvements to the Bronze Yan led to the modern-day steamer.
1.When did the “Ran LU” become popular?
A.In the Zhou Dynasty B.In the Warring States Period
C.In the Eastern Han dynasty D.In the Stone Age
2.The Bronze You, unearthed in Jiangxi province, has an opening to______.
A.store wine B.pour water C.place charcoals D.hold charcoal ashes
3.What is the unique advantage of the Bronze Yan?
A.It is warm B.It is convenient C.It is environment-friendly D.It is useful
4.Among the following products, which one may have the longest history?
A.The “Wen Ding”. B.The “Ran LU”. C.The Bronze You D.The Bronze Yan
5、Each time Chinese New Year is approaching, preparations are underway around the world. Here are some Chinatowns for those outside of China wishing to mark the day.
London
Although it may not be as large or as long-built as others, having only become a center for the Chinese community during the 1950s, London’s Chinatown is a perfectly formed little firework that knows how to see in the year with a bang. Decorated with red lanterns (灯笼), previous years have seen shows with acrobatics (杂技), martial arts (武术), dance and opera nearby.
San Francisco
San Francisco’s Chinatown is perhaps the most famous in the United States. The city was the main entry-point for Chinese who had crossed the Pacific to the USA during the early 19th century. Between the Grant Avenue and the Stockton Street, this historic area is a local treasure, attracting more visitors per year than the Golden Gate Bridge.
Bangkok
With an about 100-year-old history, the Thai capital’s Chinatown contains complex streets offering all kinds of tasty treats, clothes, toys and antiques. Sunday market days are such a good time to get the full atmosphere of the neighborhood. The area is also known for its gold dealers, whose shops line the road.
Mauritius
Found in Port Louis, this Mauritian Chinatown shows the island nation’s rich multicultural diversity. Established in the early years of the 20th century by settlers from China, its tiny shops and restaurants serve locals and visitors. During the Chinese Spring Festival, the most exciting sight is the Dragon Dances on Rue Royale when Chinese musicians and dancers perform the traditional Lion dances through the streets.
1.According to the text, which of the following has the longest history?
A.London’s Chinatown. B.SanFrancisco’s Chinatown.
C.Mauritius's Chinatown. D.Bangkok's Chinatown.
2.What’s special about Bangkok’s Chinatown?
A.It is crowded with Chinese restaurants. B.It is the major entrance for the Chinese.
C.It is well-known for its gold business. D.It is where you can enjoy fireworks.
3.If you want to enjoy the Dragon Dances, you can go to ______.
A.Rue Royale in Port Louis, Mauritius. B.the Sunday market in Bangkok.
C.the Grant Avenue in San Francisco. D.the Chinese community in London.
6、More and more people in America are celebrating the Indian holiday Diwali. Diwali is Hindi for“row of lights". It is the most important holiday in India.
Many people around the world are beginning to celebrate it as well. The United States is one of the places where the festival is becoming more common. Diwali celebrations can now be found at American landmarks like Disneyland in California and New York City's Times Square. They are also held in many parks and museums.
Neeta Bhasin created the Times Square event. She said Indian immigrants have found great success in America. But, she said, many Americans still do not know much about India.So, she decided to act.“I felt it's about time that we should take India to mainstream America
and show India's rich culture, heritage, arts and variety to the world," she said, “and I couldn't find a better place than Times Square.”
Bhasin came to the United States from India 40 years ago. She is president of ASB Communications, the marketing firm behind Diwali at Times Square. Tens of thousands of people attend the event, now in its fourth year.
In India, Diwali is a five-day harvest festival held just before the Hindu New Year. The exact dates change from year to year but Diwali is always in the fall. Celebrations include lighting oil lamps or candles called “diyas".
A Diwali celebration will light up Disney California Adventure Park in Anaheim this year.Visitors can watch performances of traditional Indian dances and take part in a Bollywood dance party. The event is part of a Festival of Holidays program at the theme park to show cultural traditions from around the world. The program takes place on November 10th through January 7th.
San Antonio, Texas, also holds a Diwali celebration. And it is one of the nation's largest celebrations, with more than 15 ,000 people in attendance each year. Visitors can enjoy Indian dance，food and fireworks. Organizers also plan to float hundreds of lighted candles in the San Antonio River, along the city's famous River Walk.
1. Which is the main symbol in the Indian holiday Diwali?
A. Dances. B. Lamps. C. Food. D. Clothes.
2. Why did Neeta Bhasin set up the Times Square event?
A. To make the American culture richer.?
B. To create a new business for the firm.
C. To make Indian culture better known in the US.
D. To show the achievements of Indian immigrants.
3. What do we know about Diwali?
A. It is held in autumn in India.
B. It lasts five days in America.
C. It has been held for 40 years in America.
D. It happens from November 10th to January 7th in India.?
4. What is the main idea of the text??
A. Diwali is mainly celebrated in Disney Parks.
B. Many American cities compete to hold Diwali.
C. Indian Holiday Diwali lights up America, too.
D. Diwali has become the most important holiday in India.
7、??? Whenever we talk about holidays, my mother teases my sister and me about how we “make out like robbers.” She is referring to the fact that we are half Jewish and half Indian, so we receive gifts on both the festivals of lights: Hanukkah and Diwali. Though my mother teases us, I do not mind getting two sets of gifts!
??? Hanukkah is celebrated on the 25th day Of the Jewish month, which is usually sometime in December. On Hanukkah, like most Jewish families, we light a menorah and say a prayer each night. We also say a special prayer on the first night. After that, it is a tradition for my sister and me to do ‘hot and cold’ for our hidden Hanukkah gifts. When we walk towards the gift, our parents say ‘hot’ and when we walk further away, they say ‘cold’. We each receive one present every night of Hanukkah. Another part I like about this holiday is seeing family members who we do not see often. My aunt usually stays for a few days, and we sometimes visit other relatives.
??? Diwali is celebrated on the 13th day of the dark fortnight of the month of Ashwin (October / November). To celebrate Diwali, my family does a pooja, or prayers, in honor of the goddess Lakshmi. Since she is the goddess of wealth and prosperity, the pooja includes washing silver coins in milk and water. InIndia, people decorate their houses with lamps, similar to the way you might light up your house for Christmas. My family just places a few candles outside. We also set off firecrackers, which is my favorite part. We often do this activity with friends to add to the excitement.
??? Both holidays have different histories and stories. We celebrate theta in different ways, yet they both have the same meaning. They both translate into Festival of Lights. and they both mean family and presents for me!
1.Why does the author receive gifts on both Hanukkah and Diwali?A.Because he lives in a rich family.B.Because he lives in two different countries.C.Because his Parents like celebrating their different cultures.D.Because his Parents like spending money buying gifts for them.2.What does the Underlined phrase “hot and cold” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.A kind of Hanukkah’ game.B.A kind of Hanukkah gift.C.A can of festival drink.D.A riddle written on lights.3.We can learn from the text that Hanukkah and Diwali_________.A.share the same history and cultureB.are celebrated by both Jews and IndiansC.are both related to the legend of lightsD.encourage the families to do their prayers4.What is the author’s attitude towards Hanukkah and Diwali?A.She enjoys celebrating both of them.B.She does mind spending them.C.She likes Hanukkah better.D.She likes Diwali better.
8、Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is gaining global popularity. According to a government white paper, TCM has been introduced in 183 countries and regions around the world.
Westerners’ understanding of TCM, however, may be limited to acupuncture, cupping and massage(针灸,拔罐和按摩). For instance, the purple, injury-like marks left on U. S. swimmer Michael Phelps,back from cupping for the purpose of relaxing his muscles and reducing pain became the center of attention during the Rio Olympics in 2016.
As a matter of fact, Chinese herbs play a more important role in getting rid of diseases and keeping the body in good condition in the TCM treatment system than physical treatment. It is therefore disheartening to know that while 103 World Health Organization member countries have given approval to the practice of acupuncture, not many recognize Chinese herbal medicine. TCM falls far behind Western medicine owing partly to the slow development of Chinese herbs.
Herbs are made into pills, powder and soup, and the kind of herbs used, their quality and quantity, and the processing of the ingredients (原材料) jointly determine the effectiveness of the prescription. Compared with Western medicine, which has standardized drug production processes and treatment methods, TCM lacks standardization, with the chemical composition and functions of its medicines being unclear and their effects being unstable. Fortunately, standardization has improved in recent decades, with an increasing number of factories producing patented TCM drugs.
Another factor that has prevented the development of TCM prescription drugs is the lack of creativity. While Western medicine-making companies come up with new products every year, TCM drug producers tend to make medicines according to prescriptions handed down from the past. Chinese chemist Tu Youyou’s winning the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for her research into malaria (疟疾) treatment may drive creativity to some extent in China’s TCM industry. However, the current state of affairs cannot be changed within a short time.
1.Why does the author mention the example of Michael Phelps?A.Because he was injured in his swimming.B.Because cupping is a kind of important TCM treatment.C.Because westerners know a little about TCM.D.Because westerners attach great importance to TCM.2.Why don’t some member countries of WHO recognize Chinese herbal medicine?A.Because Chinese herbs can get rid of diseases.B.Because they only approve the practice of acupuncture.C.Because Western medicine is more effective.D.Because medicine made out of Chinese herbs develops slowly.3.Compared with Western medicine, what is the weak point of TCM in Paragraph 4?A.The methods of planting herbs.B.The effectiveness of prescription.C.Lacking in standardization.D.Its stable functions.4.The lack of creativity in TCM refers to the fact that.A.medicine-making companies lack creativityB.prescriptions are got from the pastC.Western companies are more experiencedD.medicine-making companies lack driving force



答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.D解析： 1.细节理解题。答案定位在第三段"The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences."(此次展览吸引的参观者人数创下了记录,显示出人们对中国影响的浓厚兴趣。)由此可知,纽约的展览吸引了许多参观者,故选B。2.细节理解题。答案定位在第四段"Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion-they are central to its movement"(中国模特是向全世界女性推销梦想的美和时尚活动的代言人,这意味着中国女性不仅仅是时尚的消费者——她们是这场运动的核心。)由此可知,Hill说中国女性开创了新时尚,故选A。3.词义猜测题。下文"and beating them hands down in design and sales"说并在设计和销售上击败他们。由此推断出上文"Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Mare Jacobs"的意思是Vera Wang、Alexander Wang和Jason Wu正在与Galliano、Albaz和 Mare Jacobs竞争。taking on意思是“竞争”,故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段"china and its culture have long been an inspiration for western creations".以及最后一段"If you talk about fashion today , you are talking about China - its influences , its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways."(如果你今天谈论时尚,你谈论的是中国——它的影响,它的方向,它令人惊叹的服装,以及年轻的设计师和模特如何最终在许多方面被认可。),结合全文内容,可知这篇文章最恰当的题目是“中国文化助力国际时尚潮流”,故选D。

2答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.B; 3.A; 4.C解析：1.本文为说明文,题材是文化风俗类。Hilversum是荷兰一个中等大小的城市,与其他荷兰城市不同,它拥有自己的特色,它的纺织行业、媒体行业和建筑行业非常闻名。细节理解题根据第一段中的"Unlike most of the Netherlands, Hilversum is actually in a hilly area with the soil mostly consisting of sand."可以看出,Hilversum 与荷兰其他城市不同,它位于丘陵区域,这个区域的土壤中含沙较多。2.细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第三句"They moved in after big success in the textile industry and aided a substantial textile industry in Hilversum."可知,这一家人到这里来有助于Hilversum发展纺织业。3.细节理解题。由第三段第一句可知,该地在1920年开始转向媒体经济,当时NSF在这里建立了一家无线电厂,故 A项正确。4.推理判断题。根据最后一段中的"It has wide international fame and is included in many architecture textbooks."可以得知,这座建筑世界闻名,被纳人了很多建筑教材中,由此可推断出C项正确,在很多建筑教材中,这座建筑都被视为典范。

3答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。第一段倒数第一句“with top grades will be able to apply for direct entry onto Birmingham degree programmes without first completing a foundation year which is a routine for the freshman.”可知在伯明翰大学承认高考成绩之前,中国学生需要进行一年的预科学习之后才能进入专业课程学习。故选A。2.推理判断题。第一段第一句“The University of Birmingham is the first excellent UK Russell Group university to announce that it will accept the "Gaokao" exam for high-flying Chinese students wishing to join its. undergraduate courses in 2019.”可知伯明翰大学的通告主要针对中国学生发布的。故选D。3.词义猜测题。根据第三段划线部分句子“We welcome people from around the globe to study at Birmingham and Chinese students form an integral part of our education and research community.”句意:我们欢迎来自世界各地的人们来伯明翰学习,中国学生是我们教育和研究领域不可或缺的一部分。可知integral意思为“不可或缺的”,故选B。4.主旨大意题。本文介绍了世界一流大学——英国伯明翰大学从2019年起开始承认中国高考成绩,为更多的中国高水平学生提供更多到世界名校深造的机会。即伯明翰大学对高考成绩的承认,故选D。

4答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A解析：

5答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A解析：

6答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.C
解析：

7答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.A; 3.D; 4.A
解析：

8答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
解析：


2020届高中英语二轮复习
阅读理解（故事类）
1、A survey in the Philippines has shown the country uses a "shocking" amount of single-use plastic, including nearly 60 billion sachets(小袋)a year, a new report said Friday. The report, produced by the non-governmental organization GALA, is part of an effort to collect data on plastic consumption as environmentalists push for government action to reduce plastic waste.
It contains shocking figures: every day, almost 48 million shopping bags are used throughout the Philippines, adding up to more than 17 billion a year. And that figure does not include the smaller, thinner and often transparent plastic bags known as "labo" bags-around 16.5 billion of those are used per year across the country, the report says. The figures are based on 21 waste assessments conducted in 13 cities across the Philippines, with the national figures produced by extrapolating(推断)from local results.
More than half of non-recyclable plastic analyzed in the survey came from sachets-small plastic packets often lined with aluminium or containing other materials that make them non-recyclable. Small portions of products ranging from coffee to shampoo are often sold in sachets in the Philippines, and are seen as an affordable solution for consumers.
But Grate said the popularity appeared to be more a result of what is available, with wealthier consumers simply buying multiple sachets. "If you,to the supermarkets, it’s rare for you to be able to buy coffee in bigger containers; it’s all in sachets," he said.
The survey is the first time an organization has tried to quantify(确定数量) sachet use, and the NGO hopes to pressure both the government and industry to take action on controlling single-use plastic. The report found that where local-level plastic bag bans have been put in place and strictly enforced, usage has dropped dramatically.
It urged the government to "institute a comprehensive national plastic bag ban that promotes reusable bags". And it wants regulations on other single-use plastic products and rules requiring companies to redesign products and packaging to minimize plastic waste.
1.What’s the purpose of GALA in carrying out the survey?
A.To show how shocking the amount of plastic waste can be.
B.To get people and the government know better about its final goal.
C.To collect accurate numbers of plastic bags used in the whole country.
D.To help make the government take measures to reduce plastic waste.
2.Why can’t many sachets be recycled?
A.They are not made of only plastic.
B.They won’t last long after being buried.
C.They cost less to be made than recycled.
D.They can naturally change to a simpler chemical form.
3.Which is a reason for the popularity of sachets in the Philippines?
A.They can’t be easily afforded. B.Big containers are rarely available.
C.Shopping bags are often transparent. D.They are more environmentally friendly.
4.How can companies help reduce plastic waste according to GAIA?
A.By producing fewer products.
B.By inventing new recycling machines.
C.By donating money to recycling companies.
D.By using as little plastic as possible on their products.
2、??? In 2014 my best friend’s mother died of cancer. It was a tragedy, but as usual, Alice, my mother, used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet. If you asked my friends about my mother, they would say, “That woman has a heart of gold. ” I agree one-hundred percent. ??? I think the reason why she is such a wonderful person is that the Holy Spirit lives within her. She is very holy and has persuaded me to go to church with her every Sunday. ??? About six years ago my mom decided to pursue her lifelong goal of becoming a teacher. She knew it would be hard work raising three kids, doing housework and studying at the same time. However, she believed it would pay off. What my mother didn’t realize was that not all things pay off in this unfair world. After four hard years of school, she graduated on a warm spring day. It was unbelievable. My aunt drove up from Virginia to celebrate this fantastic day. It was the first time I had ever cried from being happy. ??? It’s strange how fast a life can change. Two months later, the unpredictable happened. My mother was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis (多发性硬化症).I could not believe this could happen after all the good she had done for people. I was very confused and cried every day. My faith in God just disappeared and so did my mom’s dream of becoming a teacher. ??? Then, I decided I must move on with my life and accept the fact that she might never get better. Since my decision, I have become more mature, responsible and active in school and work. I have found a wonderful girlfriend with whom 1 plan to spend the rest of my life. Through the years I have always been able to change negative situations into positive ones. I'm happy with my life now.1.Which of the following can best describe Alice?A.Honest. B.Helpful. C.Greedy. D.Unconcerned.2.What else did Alice have to do when studying?A.Drive a car and go to church. B.Teach students and raise kids.C.Do housework and teach at school. D.look after children and keep house.3.According to the text, the author's mother _______________.A.recovered from illnessB.no longer had faith in GodC.didn’t realize her dream as a teacherD.changed negative situations into positive ones unwillingly4.What may be the best title for the text?A.Mother Gave Me Life Experience B.Fighting against Kinds of DiseasesC.Belief in God Brought Me Good Luck D.How to Become a Responsible and Active Man
3、Flying High
Barrington Irving made his historic flight and founded an educational non-profit-making organization. His message for kids: “The only thing that separates you from scientists is determination, hard work and a strong liking for what you want to achieve.” The secret, he believes, is having a dream in the first place, and that starts with learning experiences that inspire kids to build careers.
The moment of inspiration for Irving came at the age of 15 in his parents’ bookstore. One customer, a professional pilot, asked Irving if he’d thought about becoming a pilot. “I told him I didn’t think I was smart enough; but the next day he took me to the cockpit (驾驶舱) of the commercial airplane he flew, and just like that I was hooked.”
To follow his dream, Irving turned down a football scholarship to the University of Florida. He washed airplanes to earn money for a flight school and increased his flying skills by practising at home on a $40 flight simulator (模拟) video game. Then another dream took hold: flying alone around the world. He faced more than 50 rejections for sponsorship before convincing some companies to donate aircraft components. He took off with no weather radar, no de-icing system, and just $30 in his pocket. “I like to do things people say I can’t do.”
After 97 days, 26 stops and dozens of thunderstorms, he touched down to a cheering crowd in Miami. “It was seeing so many young people watching and listening that pushed me into giving back with my knowledge and experience.” Irving has been doing it ever since. He set up his non-profit-making organization, Experience Aviation (航空), aiming to increase the numbers of youth in aviation and science-related careers. Kids attend programmes dealing with hands-on robotics projects and flight simulator challenges.
“We want to create chances for students to accomplish something amazing,” he notes. Perhaps Irving’s most powerful educational tool is the example his own life provides. After landing his record-breaking flight at age 23, he said, “Everyone told me I was too young, that I didn’t have enough experience, strength, or knowledge. They told me it would take forever and I’d never come home. Well ... guess what?”
1. According to Irving, what is the most important in achieving success?
A. Meeting people who provide unexpected help.
B. Getting a chance to study technical knowledge.
C. Having something specific that you want to accomplish.
D. Developing communication with different organizations.
2. What Irving replied to the pilot in the bookstore suggested that ______.
A. he felt embarrassed to refuse the offer B. he was doubtful about his own abilities
C. he knew his efforts would be rewarded D. he realized immediately how lucky he was
3. What can we learn about Irving in Paragraph 3?
A. He chose to reduce his budget as low as possible.
B. He was finally given enough money to keep going.
C. He got the most useful flying tips from his video game.
D. He took on a further challenge after he knew how to fly.
4. Irving set up his non-profit-making organization because ______.
A. he hoped to become a public figure
B. he expected to start a business in other fields
C. he saw there was great interest in what he was doing
D. he thought he could teach more than flight schools could
4、Robert Owen was born in Wales in 1771. At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself. He read a lot in his spare time and at nineteen he was given the job of superintendent(监工) at a Manchester cotton mill. He was so successful there that he persuaded his employer to buy the New Lanark mill in Scotland.
When he arrived at New Lanark it was a dirty little town with a population of 2,000 people. Nobody paid any attention to the workers' houses or their children's education. The conditions in the factories were very bad. There was a lot of crime and the men spent most of their wages on alcoholic drinks.
Owen improved the houses. He encouraged people to be clean and save money. He opened a shop and sold the workers cheap, well-made goods to help them. He limited the sale of alcoholic drinks. Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's education. In 1816, he opened the first free primary school in Britain.
??? People came from all over the country to visit Owen's factory. They saw that the workers were healthier and more efficient than in other towns. Their children were better fed and better educated. Owen tried the same experiment in the United States. He bought some land there in 1825,but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.
??? Owen never stopped fighting for his idea. Above all he believed that people are not born good or bad. He was a practical man and his ideas were practical. "If you give people good working conditions," he thought, "they will work well and, the most important thing of all, if you give them the chance to learn, they will be better people."
1. For Owen, his greatest achievement in New Lanark was _____________.
A.improving worker's housesB.helping people to save moneyC.preventing men from getting drunkD.providing the children with a good education2. From the passage we may infer that Owen was born ___________.
A.into a rich familyB.into a noble familyC.into a poor familyD.into a middle class family3. Owen's experiment in the United States failed because _______.
A.he lost all his moneyB.he did not buy enough landC.people who visited it were not impressedD.it was too far away for him to organize it properly4. We may infer form the passage that no children in Britain could enjoy free education until ____.
A.1771B.1816C.1825D.1860
5、As the Camp Fire continued, killing at least 85 people and displacing thousands more in Northern California, Madison waited there.
Gaylord, the Anatolian shepherd mix’s owner, was not able to get to her home in Paradise, when the fire began to spread, meaning Madison was left behind. For weeks, all Gaylord could do was pray for Madison’s safety, according to California-based animal rescue organization Paw Print Rescue.
Sullivan, a volunteer with the organization, had already helped locate Madison’s brother Miguel in a different city. But Madison was even more difficult to find. Sullivan spotted Madison a few times in a canyon (峡谷), apparently guarding his land, and put out fresh food and water regularly in hopes that the dog would turn up, according to a Facebook post by Sullivan. She even placed an article of clothing that smelled like Gaylord near the home “to keep Madison’s hope alive until his people could return,” Sullivan wrote.
When the evacuation (疏散) order was lifted last week and Gaylord went back to her home—which had been ruined by the fire—her prayers were answered: Madison was there, seemingly protecting what little remained of his family’s home. “Well, I’m so happy to report that Gaylord was allowed to return to her home today and THERE MADISON WAS!!!! He had stayed to protect what was left of his home, and never gave up on his people!” Sullivan wrote in the comment on her Facebook post. “I’m so happy I’m crying as I write this! He didn’t give up through the storms or the fire!” she added.
Soon afterward, Madison was reunited with Miguel for the first time since the fire broke out. An emotional Gaylord said in an interview with the network that she was overcome with joy to see Madison waiting for her. She also expressed how grateful she was to Sullivan. Gaylord said fighting through tears, “You could never ask for better animals. He is the best dog.”?
1.What did Madison do during the Camp Fire?
A.He rescued Sullivan. B.He waited for Gaylord.
C.He stayed with Miguel. D.He ran away from Paradise.
2.Why did Sullivan place an article of clothing smelling like Gaylord near the home?
A.To keep Madison warm. B.To get Madison to turn up.
C.To help Madison remember his owner. D.To encourage Madison not to give up.
3.Where was Madison finally found?
A.In a different city. B.In a canyon.
C.At a camp. D.At his home.
4.What quality is emphasized in this story?
A.Patience. B.Unity. C.Devotion. D.Wisdom.
6、The other day I was shopping at the local Chinese grocery store. There was a line at the fish counter, but only one staff person was there to take care of the customers. Some customers ordered quite an amount of fish for that staff person to work on. At last I was the second in line: all I wanted was a couple of crabs and should get out of there in no time.
Noticing it was very busy at the fish counter, another staff person came over to help. I was ready to be served, but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snail (蜗牛). The customers in front of me, being served, turned around and looked at me sympathetically and the customer behind me called to the staff person, “You should start here,” pointing at me. He was, well, ignored.
If someone asked me, “What is the most important rule to follow in America?” I would reply without hesitation. “Wait your turn at all times.” Wherever you go here in this country, you will find people waiting in a line quietly to get anything: whether in the supermarkets, department stores, bus stops, or gas stations, it’s just a matter of waiting your turn. In a larger sense, “wait your turn” is more than just a guideline — it is a very basic rule that reflects the fundamental value of the western cultures. But in some situations your turn does not always come based on when you get there and how long you have waited in line, just like my case at the store. Even though this did not often happen, it did make me feel upset.
1.What happened to the author at the store?
A.He wasn’t served upon his order. B.He was ill-treated by a customer.
C.He was asked to be served later. D.He was asked to do others a favor.
2.What is the author’s opinion about Queuing Rule?
A.Wait until being served. B.Serve people as one likes.
C.Wait until your turn comes. D.First come,later served.
3.What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?
A.His belief. B.His experience. C.His culture. D.His rule.4.Why did the author write the text?
A.To emphasize his kindness to others. B.To introduce some western cultures to us.
C.To show his disbelief in Queuing Rule. D.To express his belief and his feeling.
7、The flowers are blooming and the birds are singing as Melinda sits in the rose garden of the nursing home. She is recalling old times as she waits for her family's arrival. The nursing home has been Melinda's new settlement ever since Thomas passed away a week ago. Thomas had fought a long and hard battle against lung cancer for three years. Unfortunately, he has broken the promise that he and Melinda had made: to be with each other for every birthday. Melinda knew this was unrealistic (不现实的 ) but agreed to the promise for Thomas's sake.
"Thomas, you are completely a dreamer" Melinda shouted to Thomas as he dragged on about living on an island with his beautiful wife. That's what she loved about him most-he had a vivid imagination. They got married at age eighteen and began having children right away. Mary came within the year, followed by Thomas Benjamin II, Lilly-Ann, and Joseph "Little Joey" George. The family lived an exultant life filled with laughter and love.
"Mom!" Lilly shouted, but it really sounded like a howl. Melinda had lost herself in thinking about the life she had shared with her late husband. Lilly pushed her down the long dark halls of the nursing home until they arrived at the recreational room.
When the doors opened, Melinda put her hand over her mouth and was completely speechless.The room was crowded with the people nearest and dearest to her and the warmth and love was felt instantly. The night went on; stories and cocktails were shared and everything was perfect.However, when Melinda caught a moment to herself she looked around at her family. With a smile on her face, she raised her Manhattan and called out for a toast. "This one is for you, Thomas,though you are not here."
1. Why did Thomas break his promise?
A. He was busy with his work. B. He died of lung cancer.
C. He had to serve in the army. D. He stopped loving Melinda.
2. Which of the following best explains "exultant" underlined in Paragraph 2?
A. Peaceful. B. Simple. C. Stressful. D. Happy.
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Melinda' children forgot their father. B. Melinda was tired of noise.
C. Melinda missed her husband badly. D. Melinda liked to drink alcohol.
4. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. A Particular Birthday B. A Woman at a Nursing Home
C. Memories of Old Days D. A Big Surprise for Melinda
8、The stories we share with one another are important. They show wisdom and provide inspiration. They are important to our development. But sometimes people choose not to tell.
Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.
There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it was like this, “The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie (妖怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free.”
There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages; they require courage and strength to share; and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret—especially those that embarrass someone else.
Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.
Honesty and openness is important. It proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development. Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvantages completely. But with hard work, we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.
Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage, and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.
1.What’s the fun_ction of the example in Paragraph 2?
A.It reflects that people are concerned about the spread of Ebola.
B.It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.
C.It proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.
D.It concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.
2.One of the reasons why people are unwilling to share experiences is that _______.
A.story-sharing highlights the importance of hard work
B.people are used to exposing their weaknesses
C.people sometimes have no courage to share their stories
D.some stories make people feel sad
3.Which is close in meaning to the underlined word “uncorked” in Paragraph 3?
A.freed B.broken C.unfolded D.untouched4.The writer aims to convince us to _______.
A.be open to people close to you by sharing some secrets
B.share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves
C.remove the dangers that can be caused by untold stories
D.realize the importance of being honest when making friends



答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.B; 4.D解析：

2答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.A解析：1.推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“... but as usual, Alice, my mother, used her power of healing and got his family back on their feet. ”可知作者的母亲总是用她的能力愈合別人的伤口。由此可以推断母亲是一个“愿意帮助别人的人(helpful)”。故选.B。honest “诚实的”; greedy“ 贪焚的”;unconcerned“不相干的”。2.细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“She knew it would be hard work raising three kids, doing housework and studying at the same time. ” 可知,作者的母亲在学习之余还要照顾孩子、操持家务,故选D。3.推理判断题。根据第二段第四句 "What my mother didn't realize was that not all things pay off in this world.” 可知,作者的母亲没有意识到并不是所有的事情都会有收获的,后文讲了母亲得病的事例,可以推断母亲并没有实现做老师的梦想。故选C。4.主旨大意题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Through the years I have always been able to change negative situations into positive ones. ”可知,母亲的坚持教会作者在生活中把消极的情况变成积极的局面,故选项A符合。

3答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C
解析：

4答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.D; 4.B解析：1.本文叙述了1771年出生于威尔士的Robert Owen一生的经历。他10岁开始工作,因为老板有一个大图书馆,是他有机会在业余时间读许多书。在他当上监工之后,他又成功地全服老板买了位于苏格兰的新拉纳克工厂。在那里他通过改善住房条件,提供孩子教育,鼓励人们攒钱等方式,使人们过上了好日子。后来Owen在美国也做了同样的实验,但没有成功。Owen从未停止过实践他的理想,他坚信如果人们有好的条件,他们会很好地工作,最重要的是如果你给他们机会学习,他们会成为更出色的人才。
本题为细节理解题。根据“Above all, he fixed his mind on the children's education. In 1816, he opened the first free primary school in Britain.”可知选D。2.推理判断题。根据“At the age of ten he went to work. His employer had a large private library so Owen was able to educate himself.”他10岁就去工作了,并且是靠老板家的图书馆自学的,可见他家很穷。故选C。3.细节理解题。根据“He bought some land there in 1825,but the community was too far away. He could not keep it under control and lost most of his money.[”可知是因为那个地方离他太远了,他无法控制,导致他损失了很多钱而没有成功。故选D。4.细节理解题。根据“In 1816, he opened the first free primary school in Britain.”在1816年之前英国没有免费的小学。故选B。

5答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.D; 4.C解析：

6答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1．A．考查细节理解．根据" I was ready to be served， but the staff person went to the end of the line and began to help a couple of ladies with snails （蜗牛）"可知，作者在书店里没有收到应有的服务．故选A．
2．C．考查细节理解．根据I would reply without hesitation，"Wait your turn at all times．"可知，作者认为最重要的规则就是要排队，直到轮到你这里．不能插队．故选C．
3．B．考查细节理解．根据" just like my case at the store"可知，此处是指作者的亲身经历．故选B．
4．D．考查主旨大意．根据全文内容可知，本文讲述的是作者的亲身经历，通过作者在书店里受到的不公平的待遇，作者发表了自己的感想，信仰以及倡导．故选D．

7答案及解析：
答案：BDCA
解析：

8答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B解析：


2020届高中英语二轮复习
阅读理解（日常生活类）
1、??? We’ve all been there: in a lift, in line at the bank or on an airplane, surrounded by people who are, like us, deeply focused on their smartphones or, worse, struggling with the uncomfortable silence.
?? ?What’s the problem? It’s possible that we all have compromised conversational intelligence. It’s more likely that none of us start a conversation because it’s awkward and challenging, or we think it’s annoying and unnecessary. But the next time you find yourself among strangers, consider that small talk is worth the trouble. Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.
???? Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy, but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. Small talk is the grease(润滑剂) for social communication, says Bernardo Carducci, director of the Shyness Research Institute at Indiana University Southeast. "Almost every great love story and each big business deal begins with small talk," he explains. "The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them."
??? In a 2014 study, Elizabeth Dunn, associate professor of psychology at UBC, invited people on their way into a coffee shop. One group was asked to seek out an interaction(互动) with its waiter; the other, to speak only when necessary. The results showed that those who chatted with their server reported significantly higher positive feelings and a better coffee shop experience. "It’s not that talking to the waiter is better than talking to your husband," says Dunn. "But interactions with peripheral(边缘的) members of our social network matter for our well-being also."
??? Dunn believes that people who reach out to strangers feel a significantly greater sense of belonging, a bond with others. Carducci believes developing such a sense of belonging starts with small talk. "Small talk is the basis of good manners, "he says.
1.What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph?A.Addiction to smartphones.B.Inappropriate behaviours in public places.C.Absence of communication between strangers.D.Impatience with slow service.2.What is important for successful small talk according to Carducci?A.Showing good manners.B.Relating to other people.C.Focusing on a topic.D.Making business deals.3.What does the coffee-shop study suggest about small talk?A.It improves family relationships.B.It raises people's confidence.C.It matters as much as a formal talk.D.It makes people feel good.4.What is the best title for the text?A.Conversation CountsB.Ways of Making Small TalkC.Benefits of Small TalkD.Uncomfortable Silence
2、Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program. Which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15-18 years old in select communities（社区）.
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15-29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
1. What is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
2. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.
3. Which program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
3、What Theresa Loe is doing proves that a large farm isn’t prerequisite for a modern grow-your-own lifestyle. On a mere 1/10 of an acre in Los Angeles, Loe and her family grow, can(装罐) and preserve much of the food they consume. Loe is a master food preserver, gardener and canning expert. She also operates a website, where she shares her tips and recipes, with the goal of demonstrating that everyone has the ability to control what’s on their plate.
Loe initially went to school to become an engineer, but she quickly learned that her enthusiasm was mainly about growing and preparing her own food. “I got into cooking my own food and started growing my own herbs(香草) and foods for that fresh flavor,” she said. Engineer by day, Loe learned cooking at night school. She ultimately purchased a small piece of land with her husband and began growing their own foods.
“I teach people how to live farm-fresh without a farm,” Loe said. Through her website Loe emphasizes that “anybody can do this anywhere.” Got an apartment with a balcony(阳台)? Plant some herbs. A window? Perfect spot for growing. Start with herbs, she recommends, because “they’re very forgiving.” Just a little of the herbs “can take your regular cooking to a whole new level,” she added. “I think it’s a great place to start.” “Then? Try growing something from a seed, she said, like a tomato or some tea.”
Canning is a natural extension of the planting she does. With every planted food. Loe noted, there’s a moment when it’s bursting with its absolute peak flavor. “I try and keep it in a time capsule in a canning jar,” Loe said. “Canning for me is about knowing what’s in your food, knowing where it comes from.”
In addition to being more in touch with the food she’s eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children: “Influencing them and telling them your opinion on not only being careful what we eat but understanding the bigger picture,” she said, “that if we don’t take care of the earth, no one will.”
1.The underlined word “prerequisite” (Pare. 1) is closest in meaning to "______".
A.recipe B.substitute C.requirement D.challenge
2.Why does Loe suggest starting with herbs?
A.They are used daily. B.They are easy to grow.
C.They can grow very tall. D.They can be eaten uncooked.
3.According to Loe, what is the benefit of canning her planted foods?
A.It can preserve their best flavor. B.It can promote her online sales.
C.It can better her cooking skills. D.It can improve their nutrition.
4.What is the“the bigger picture” (Para. 6) that Loe wishes her children to understand?
A.The knowledge about good food B.The way to live a grow-our-own life
C.The joy of getting in touch with foods D.The responsibility to protect our earth
4、As Congress and the public wrestle with the Facebook scandal, many people are now realizing the risks of data collection to them. Facebook recently admitted that nearly all of its 2.2 billion users have had data scraped（篡改） by “ill-natured” people or companies. The firm itself has joined calls for better privacy regulations.
For years, watchdogs have been warning about sharing information with data-collecting companies. Most casual internet users are only now realizing how easy and common it is for irresponsible and unknown organizations to collect detailed digital data of them. They do this by combining the separate bits of information consumers have given up to e-tailers, health sites, quiz apps and countless other digital services.
A study from researchers at the University of Queensland shows that staying off of Facebook for five days can actually lower levels of the stress in the body. Yet despite the study, and the recent Delete Facebook movement, Facebook user statistics remain strong.
As scholars of public responsibility and digital media systems, we know that the business of social media is based on user data and offering it for sale. There’s no single way for them to protect data as many users might expect. Like the social pollution of fake news, bullying（欺诈） and junk mail that Facebook’s platform spreads, the company’s privacy crisis also results from a power imbalance—Facebook knows nearly everything about its users, who know little to nothing about it.
It’s not enough for people to delete their Facebook accounts. Nor is it likely that anyone will successfully replace it with a non-profit alternative centering on privacy and responsibility. Besides, this problem is not specific just to Facebook! Other companies, including Google and Amazon, also gather and use extensive personal data, and are locked in a digital arms race that we believe threatens to destroy privacy altogether.
1. What does the underlined word “this” in the second paragraph refer to?
A. Sharing information with data-collecting.
B. Collecting detailed digital data of consumers.
C. Combining the separate information of companies.
D. Quiz apps and countless other digital services.
2. We can infer from the text that protecting personal data is .
A. difficult B. easy C. voluntary D. dangerous
3. What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Personal Data of People. B. The Online Quiz App.
C. The Business of Facebook. D. Facebook’s Privacy Troubles.
4. What will the writer most probably discuss next?
A. Policy for Google and Amazon. B. Business pattern of Facebook.
C. Age range of Facebook consumers. D. Measures about personal data security.
5、How can we reduce the risk?
There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic (火山似的) dangers. We can try to keep the danger from occurring—often an impossible task. We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development. We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.
Removing the Threat
Clearly, there is no way to stop an eruption. We can, however, attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures, for example, building protective works such as walls to make lava (熔岩) flow away from developed areas. Such efforts can be and have been successful, but are of limited use in a large-scale (范围) eruption.
Planning for the Future
Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task. Before building houses,we should judge the risk. If the risk seems too great, a safer location should be found. This type of planning is very effective,but all too often,people are drawn to the lush (葱郁的),rolling land of a quiet volcano.
Disaster Preparedness (预案)
When a volcano comes to life,a few weeks may not be enough to avoid a tragedy.Planning is the key to saving lives. Well before the warning signs occur,people must be educated about volcanic dangers.Escape plans must be in place. Communication between scientists, officials, the media,and the general public should be practiced. Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.
If you doubt the importance of these efforts,take another look at past volcanic tragedies,such as the eruption of Nevado del Ruiz. Communication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape. When a deadly mudflow came down the slope(斜坡),21,000 people—90 percent of the town’s people—died.?
1.The passage is intended for_______.A.the general publicB.architectsC.adventurersD.geographers2.When building houses,people tend to______.A.judge volcanic dangers carefullyB.take volcanic dangers seriouslyC.live near a quiet volcanoD.find a safer place far away from a volcano3.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove______.A.the failure to keep volcanic dangers from happeningB.the importance of preparing for a volcanic eruptionC.the bravery of the people in Armero TownD.the uncertainty of volcano’s damage
6、In the 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consomme. Although the main attraction was the soup, Roze’s chain shops also set a new standard for dining out, which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant.
Today, scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants. Takevisual hints that influence what we eat: diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大利面食)when their plates matched their food. When a dark-colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one, customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty.
Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn’t tell how much they’d had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else, but were none the wiser—they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.
Time is money, but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants. Unlike fast-food places, fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend. One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特). When classical, rather than pop, music was playing, diners spent more. Fast music hurried diners out. Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.
Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding, high prices — don’t necessarily. Diners at bad tables — next to the kitchen door, say — spent nearly as much as others but soon fled. It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not "be overly concerned about ‘bad’ tables," given that they’re profitable. As for crowds, a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant’s reputation, suggesting great food at fair prices. And doubling a buffet’s price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier.
1.The underlined phrase "none the wiser" in paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were__________.??A.not aware of eating more than usualB.not willing to share food with othersC.not conscious of the food qualityD.not fond of the food provided
2.How could a fine dining shop make more profit?
A.Playing classical music. B.Introducing lemon scent.C.Making the light brighter. D.Using plates of larger size.
3.What does the last paragraph talk about?
A.Tips to attract more customers.????B.Problems restaurants are faced with.C.Ways to improve restaurants’ reputation.D.Common misunderstandings about restaurants.
7、????I was desperately nervous about becoming car-free. But eight months ago our car was hit by a passing vehicle and it was destroyed. No problem, I thought: we’ll buy another. But the insurance payout didn’t even begin to cover the costs of buying a new car—I worked out that, with the loan (贷款) we’d need plus petrol, insurance, parking permits and tax, we would make a payment as much as ￡600 a month.????And that’s when I had my fancy idea. Why not just give up having a car at all? I live in London. We have a railway station behind our house, a tube station 10 minutes’ walk away, and a bus stop at the end of the street. A new car club had just opened in our area, and one of its shiny little red Peugeots was parked nearby. If any family in Britain could live without a car, I reasoned, then surely we were that family. ????But my new car-free idea, sadly, wasn’t shared by my family. My teenage daughters were horrified. What would their friends think about our family being “too poor to afford a car”? (I wasn’t that bothered what they thought, and I suggested the girls should take the same approach.) ????My friends, too, were astonished at our plan. What would happen if someone got seriously ill overnight and needed to go to hospital? (an ambulance) How would the children get to and from their many events? (buses and trains) People smiled as though this was another of my mad ideas, before saying they were sure I’d soon realize that a car was a necessity. ????Eight months on, I wonder whether we’ll ever own a car again. The idea that you “have to” own a car, especially if you live in a city, is all in the mind. I live—and many other citizens do too—in a place that has never been better served by public transport, and yet car ownership has never been higher. We worry about rising car costs, but we’d be better off asking something much more basic: do I really need a car? Certainly the answer is no, and I’m a lot richer because I dared to ask the question.1.The author decided to live a car-free life partly because ______.A.most families chose to go car-freeB.he was hurt in a terrible car accidentC.the cost of a new car was too muchD.the traffic jam was unbearable for him2.What is the attitude of the author’s family toward his plan?A.Supportive. B.Disapproving. C.Optimistic. D.Unconcerned.3.What did the author suggest his daughters do about their friends’ opinion?A.Argue against it.B.Take their advice.C.Think it over.D.Leave it alone.4.What conclusion did the author draw after the eight-month car-free life?A.Life cannot go without a car.B.Life without a car is a little bit hard.C.His life gets improved without a car.D.A car-free life does not suit everyone.
8、??? This is my son Matthew's last night at home before college? I know that this is good news,I feel proud that Matthew will go to a great school. I know that this is his finest hour. But looking at the suitcases on his bed sends me out of the room to a hidden comer where I can t stop crying.
??? Through the sorrow, I feel a rising embarrassment "Pull yourself together!" I tell myself There are parents sending their kids off to battle zones, How dare l feel so shattered?
??? One of the great gifts of my life has been having my boys, Matthew and Johnowen Through them,? I have explored the mysterious, complicated bond between fathers and sons As my wife and I raised them,? I have discovered the love and loss between my father and me,? After my parents' divorce, I spent weekends with my dad in Ohio. By the time Sunday rolled around, I was unable to enjoy the day's activities??? Now, standing among Matthew's accumulation of possessions, I realize it’s me who has become a boy again. All my sadness and longing to hold on to things are back, sweeping over me as they did when I was a child
??? His bed is tidy and spare. It already has the feel of a guest bed. In my mind I replay wrapping him in his favorite blanket That was our nightly routine until one evening he said, "Daddy, I don't think I need a blanket tonight. " I think of all the times we lay among the covers reading. I look at the bed and think of all the recent times I was annoyed at how late he was sleeping. I’ll never have to worry about that again, I realize.
??? For his part, Matthew has been a rock He is treating his leaving as just another day at the office And I’m glad. After all, someone's got to be strong, I'm proud that he is charging into the first chapter of his adult life with such confidence.
1.What is the probable meaning of underlined phrase "Pull yourself together"?A.Get up.B.Cheer up.C.Pull up.D.Wake up.2.What can we infer about Mathew from the text?A.He hates sleeping early.B.He doesn't get on well with his father.C.He is ready for the new lifeD.He doesn't value his father's love for him3.How does the writer feel about his son-s leaving for college?A.WorriedB.ProudC.BittersweetD.Relieved4.Which of the following can be the best title of the text?A.Unavoidable GoodbyeB.Sweet MemoriesC.Glorious MomentD.Unconditional Love



答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C
解析：这是一篇议论文。在当今社会,人们在公共场合或沉迷于智能手机,或与不舒服的沉默抗争,陌生人之间缺乏沟通。但人与人之间是需要适当的交谈闲聊的,闲聊是人际关系社会交往必不可少的部分,而且也有很多好处。
1. 主旨大意题。题干问的是:第一段描述了什么现象。在公共场合(比如在电梯里,在银行排队,或在飞机上)人们深深地专注于他们的智能手机,或者更糟糕的是,与不舒服的沉默抗争。有此可知,陌生人之间缺乏沟通。A项意为:沉迷于智能手机。B项意为:在公共场所不适当的行为。C项意为:陌生人之间缺乏沟通。D项意为:对缓慢的服务不耐烦。故选C项。
2. 推理判断题。题干问得是对于Carducci来说,成功的闲聊中重要的是什么。根据第三段最后一句“The key to successful small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them”(成功闲聊的关键是学习如何与他们交流,而不仅仅是与他们沟通。)由此推断C符合题意。A项意为:表现出良好的礼貌。B项意为:与他人有关的。C项意为:专注于一个话题。D项意为:做商业交易。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。题干问的是:咖啡店的研究对闲聊有什么建议。根据第四段的调查结果可知,那些与服务员聊天的人,有显著的积极情绪和更好的咖啡店体验。由此可知,D项符合题意。A项意为:闲聊改善了家庭关系。B项意为:闲聊提高了人们的信心。C项意为:闲聊和正式谈话一样重要。D项意为:闲聊让人感觉很好。故选D项。
4. 主旨大意题。整篇文章刚开始介绍了社会的现象(公共场合人们沉迷于智能手机,陌生人之间缺乏沟通交流),接着分析了这一问题的原因,接下来有专家对闲聊进行了研究,最后得出结论,闲聊都有什么样的好处。A项意为:谈话很重要。B项意为:闲聊的方法。C项意为:闲聊的好处。D项意为:不舒服的沉默。故选C项。
点睛:
我们在做阅读理解时,尽量找出每段的主讲内容(可能是一句话或是一个短语),这样有利于整篇文章的把握,有利于做文章大意题。如4题,很显然本文讲的不是重要性也不是方法更不是沉默,所以ABD都可以轻松排除。

2答案及解析：
答案：1.B2.D3.D
解析：本文为应用文。本文叙述了省政府及其合作伙伴提供了许多项目来帮助学生暑期在找到工作。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Summer Company部分中的“Summer Company provides students with ...awards of up to ＄3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses” 可知“Summer Company为学生提供高达3000美元的奖励，来开始和经营他们自己的暑期业务”。“start and run their own summer businesses”即“为开办新的业务”，这对应B项中的“running new businesses”，二者是词义之间的转述关系。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Stewardship Youth Ranger Program部分中的第二段“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知“符合条件的学生：16岁或17岁的学生，但在今年12月31日之前未满18岁”。由此得出，这个项目要求年龄在16-17岁之间。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故选D。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Summer Employment Opportunities部分中的最后一段最后一句“Who is eligible: ...Some positions require students to be 15to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability”,可知Summer Employment Opportunities有些职位是给残疾人的。分析选项可知，D项符合题意，故选D。

3答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.A; 4.D解析：1.本文为记叙文,题材是日常生活类。Loe的做法向我们证明,家里的阳台、窗户等都可以成为种植的好地方,不必非得有大的农场。Loe还把自己的种植方法在网站上与别人分享,并告诫自己的孩子要关爱我们的地球。词义猜测题。由第一段第二句可知,Loe所种的地只有0.1英亩,由此可知现代“自种自用”的生活方式不必有大的农场。requirement需要的事物。2.推理判断题。根据第四段中的"they’re very forgiving"可以得知,Loe推荐先从种植香草开始,因为它们容易种植。 forgiving宽容的,宽大的。3.推理判断题。由倒数第二段可知,把自己种植的食物进行罐装,可以保持它们最好的味道。4.推理判断题。在最后一段的最后一句中,Loe告诉孩子们“如果我们不照顾我们的地球,没有人会去做”,由此可以看出Loe想让孩子们理解的the bigger picture就是指“保护地球的责任”。【长难句分析】In addition to being more in touch with the food she's eating, another joy comes from passing this knowledge and this desire for good food to her children.除了能更近距离地接近她吃的食物,另一个惊喜来自能把这种知识和需要健康食物的需求传递给孩子们。本句总体上是一个简单句。在介词短语中含有的一个定语从句she is eating,修饰food; this knowledge和this desire作passing的宾语。

4答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.A; 3.D; 4.D
解析：

5答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B解析：

6答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.D
解析：本文为议论文。本文介绍了现代餐馆刺激消费和食欲的几种方法,以及人们对餐厅的一些错误看法。
1. 词义猜测题。根据文章第三段划线部分的前句they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extra-large shares ate more than everyone else,可知,在黑暗中,他们说不清自己吃了多少,再根据划线后的句子they didn’t feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.可知,他们虽然吃得很多,但并没有感觉更饱,仍然在等着吃甜点,所以他们没有意识到自己吃多了,故A正确。
2. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round: put on some Mozart(莫扎特)可知,要想让客人呆的时间更长应该播放莫扎特等古典音乐而不是流行音乐。Particular scents also have an effect: diners who got the scent of lavender(薰衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent.引入薰衣草香而不是柠檬香,而D项文章没有提及,所以用排除方法可以选A。
3. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段第一句Meanwhile, things that you might expect to discourage spending—"bad" tables, crowding,high prices — don't necessarily.可知,你认为可能会影响人们消费的因素如:不好的桌子,拥挤以及高价等不一定会真影响人们的消费,然后依次举例进行了证明,所以本段主要讲的是人们对于饭店的几个误解,故选D。
点睛:概括主旨的方法是:先看首尾或各段开头再看全文找主题句,若无明显主题句,就通过关键词句来概括(如议论文中寻找表达作者观点态度的词句,记叙文寻找概括情节和中心的动词或反映人物特点的形容词)。文中出现两种或两种以上的不同观点时,务必牢记作者的观点才是体现全文中心的。此时,要注意一些转折词,如but, yet, however, although, in spite of, by contrast,on the contrary等。当文章中表示相反的观点时,往往用到这些词。答题时要弄清哪个是作者的观点,排除迷惑性信息,准确归纳主旨大意。
本题的最后一题是主旨大意类,要求概括本段的主旨大意,根据寻找主旨大意的方法,通过阅读第一句话可以简单地总结出主旨大意为人们对于饭店的几个误解。再通过阅读下文可以找到支持这一观点的例子,因此可以确定主旨大意。

7答案及解析：
答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.C
解析：1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段But the insurance payout didn't even begin to cover the costs of buying a new car-I worked out that,with the loan(贷款) we’d need plus petrol,insurance, parking permits and tax. we would make a payment as much as ￡600 a month.可知,买一辆新车的费用太高。2.观点态度题。根据文章第三段But my new car free idea, sadly,wasn’t shared by my family.可知,作者的家人并不支持他的观点。3.细节理解题。根据文章第三段I wasn’t that bothered what they thought,and I suggested the girls should take the same approach.可知,她们的想法并没有影响到“我”,“我”反而认为她们应该采取跟“我”一样的做法。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段I live —and many other citizens do too —in a place that has never been better served by public transport,and yet car ownership has never been higher.及后面两句可知,在车主的花费越来越高的情况下,作者的无车计划反而提高了他的生活质量,所以答案是C。

8答案及解析：
答案：1. B; 2.C; 3.C; 4.A
解析：1.B【命题意图】考查词义猜测。
[解题思路j根据第二段中的"Through the sorrow, I feel rising embarrassment" There are parents sending their kids off to battle zones. How dare 1 feel so shattered(感到震惊难过的）"可知，作者认为有父母送孩子去战区，与这些父母相比，作者怎么敢这么伤 心呢？由此推知，画线短语Pull yourself together 意为"平静下来"。
2. C【命k意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据文章第一段中的"This is my son Matthew’s Iasi night at home before college" "the suitcases on his bed"以及最后一 段中的"He is treating his leaving as just another at the office"
可知，Matthew已经为大学生活做好了准备。
3. C【命题意图】考查推理判断。
【解题思路】根据文章第一段中的"I know that this U good news. I feel proud that Matthew will go to a great school... a hidden comer where I can’t stop crying"以及下文作者的回忆可知，儿子 上大学让作者觉得又苦又甜。
4. A【命题意图】考查主旨大意。
【解题思路】儿子即将上大学，看到儿子床上的行李箱，作者走出房间，来到一个隐秘的角落，不停地哭泣。这是作者不得不 面对的离别，所以A项作为文章的标题最佳。


2020届高中英语二轮复习
阅读理解（社会现象类）
1、With new and innovative (创新的) ideas, 10 teams of student groups competed at UR’s Hult Prize competition on Nov.3 to skip the selection process for the regional competition.“If you ever had a crazy idea or passion, now it is time to explore it.” senior and Hult Prize competitor Sharfuz Shifat said.The Hult Prize is an international competition where undergraduate and graduate students alike compete to win a $1 million prize to start a company based on their ideas.
For many competitors, this competition is an outlet for innovative and novel ideas that can speed up change in the world.“I believe in social entrepreneurship and the power of business to create social change,” said senior Shelly Chen from Team Boodana.
In addition to wanting to make a lasting social effect, some competitors have personal connections to their ideas and a strong motivation to bring them to reality.“We’re passionate about this because it comes from our life,” sophomore Cherine Ghazouani and Team Forty-Two member said.“We’re trying to make our family’s, our country’s and our people’s lives better.”
After the event, the award ceremony announced the winner: the first and second runner-ups as Team BestBeing, Team Forty-Two and Team Boodana, respectively.Although the ruling ideas of the winners were meant to provide jobs for unemployed youth, many of the proposed solutions also handled other problems in today’s society.Team Forty-Two worked on re-inventing the impractical tutoring system in Mediterranean countries; Team BestBeing aimed to provide a solution for the lack of availability of mental health services all over the world.
“Usually some of the most simple but practical solutions are the ones that are the most beautiful and effective,” judge Anna Schreyer said.“The challenge is being able to look at things in a completely new way that’s very simple.Try to step out of the box of how we do things and how we think about things.”
1.What is the purpose of the UR’s Hult Prize competition?
A.Not to let go of good ideas.
B.To award the most hardworking students.
C.Not to be crazy about changing the reality.
D.To stress the importance of regional competition.
2.What do the winners mainly focus on?
A.Youth unemployment. B.A solution to mental health.
C.The impractical tutoring system. D.The way of innovative thinking.
3.What can be viewed as the best idea according to judge Anna Schreyer?
A.Effective and innovative. B.Simple and practical.
C.Long-lasting and simple. D.Changeable and practical.
2、??? The University of Birmingham is the first excellent UK Russell Group university to announce that it will accept the "Gaokao" exam for high-flying Chinese students wishing to join its. undergraduate courses in 2019.? High school students who complete the "National Higher Education Entrance Examination", or Gaokao, with top grades will be able to apply for direct entry onto Birmingham degree programmes without first completing a foundation year which is a routine for the freshman.
??? Gaokao is usually taken by students in their last year of senior high school and, every year, each province in China sets the grades required to gain admission to its universities. It is usually held across China in early June.? Students are tested in Chinese, Mathematics, a Foreign Language and social sciences or natural sciences.
??? University of Birmingham Vice-Chancellor Professor Sir David Eastwood said: "The University of Birmingham has been challenging and developing great minds for more than a century. We welcome people from around the globe to study at Birmingham and Chinese students form an integral part of our education and research community. We are further opening access to Birmingham's wealth of education opportunities for the brightest and most dedicated Chinese students by accepting this strict and important qualification. I look forward to welcoming these high-flying students to the University of Birmingham. "
??? Gaokao is increasingly accepted by universities in Australia, the USA, Canada and mainland Europe. Birmingham will only be considering high quality students who achieve a minimum 80% Gaokao score and meet additional academic and English language requirements.
??? Professor J on Frampton, Director of the University of Birmingham's China Institute said: "The University of Birmingham has a long history of educating students from China and one of our most famous graduates is Li Siguang-the founding father of Chinese geology. I am delighted that the University is now accepting the Gaokao. This gives the brightest and best Chinese students an opportunity to move straight into the first year of our undergraduate programmes and experience the benefits of studying at a global Top 100 university, such as Birmingham. "
1.What do Chinese students have to do to enter the University of Birmingham before 2019?A.Go through a foundation year.B.Prepare Birmingham degree programmes.C.Acquire the right to permanent residency.D.Score over 800% of the university's qualification examination.2.Who is the announcement intended for?A.The foreign students in China.B.All people living in the UK.C.The students of the UK.D.Chinese students.3.Which of the following best explains "integral" underlined in paragraph 3?A.Complete.B.Necessary.C.Indifferent.D.Unimportant.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.The introduction to the "Gaokao" of China.B.The history of the University of Birmingham.C.The high quality students accepted by top universities.D.The University of Birmingham's admission to Gaokao.
3、There's a blue house in central Florida that's hard to miss. It's somewhat famous among people who live nearby—it's painted to look like "Starry Night," the iconic painting by?Vincent van Gogh?— but not everyone is a fan of the?larger-than-life artwork.
"We had not originally intended to paint the house like this," Nancy, who lives there with her husband, Lubomir, and their adult son, told TODAY. They started by painting the wall outside of their home, because it was "in disrepair" and they wanted it to look nice. The couple said they even asked permission from the city to paint the wall, and were told it was OK. "So we went ahead and started having the wall painted by an artist who has his work shown throughout South America," Nancy said. The couple chose?Van Gogh?because their son, who has autism(自闭症), is a fan of the great artist.
"God forbid my son were to be in a situation where he was unable to find his way back home, we're hoping that he would have the ability to at least say that he belongs at the Van Gogh house," Nancy said. And the father even believed that there was magical connection between Van Gogh and autistic kids, because Van Gogh was possibly also autistic.
After they painted the wall, the couple got a citation(传票) from the city stating that the wall painting was considered graffiti(涂鸦) and that the wall must match the house. That's when they decided to paint the entire house to look like “Starry Night”---knowing that was not quite what the city had in mind but confident that they weren't breaking any law.
Since then, they've been fined $10,600. In February, they filed a federal lawsuit(起诉) against the city, claiming the city is violating their right to freedom of expression. Mount Dora city officials nor their lawyer would comment on the issue. But in February, they did say in a statement that they were trying to "preserve the residential character of our neighborhoods," and that the house "may present a distraction to safe vehicle operation along the street which fronts the home."
While both sides are in settlement talks, the fate of the mural(壁画) is still up in the air. The family say they are ready to battle for what they believe in.???
1.What was the couple’s original intention to paint the wall?
A.To beautify the damaged wall. B.To respond to the call of the city.
C.To assist an artist to show his work. D.To express their son’s admiration for Van Gogh.
2.What does the underlined phrase “God forbid” in paragraph three mean?
A.May God forgive us. B.It’s forbidden by God.
C.Even God can’t help it. D.We hope it does not happen.
3.What’s the final attitude of the Mount Dora city officials towards the unique house?
A.Supportive B.Disapproving C.Ambiguous D.Understanding
4.What is the text mainly about?
A.“Starry Night” house in Florida arouses a heated discussion.
B.Neighbors sign an online petition in support of “Starry Night” house.
C.The magical connection between Van Gogh and autistic kids.
D.Homeowners battle for their “Starry Night” house in Florida.
4、????Some people are so rude! ????Who sends an e-mail or a text message that just says “Thank you”? Who leaves a voice mail message rather than texts you? Who asks for a fact easily found on Google? Don't these people realize that they're wasting your time? ????Maybe I'm the rude one for not appreciating life's little politeness. But many social agreed standards just don't make sense to people drowning in digital communication. ????In texts, you don't have to declare who you are or even say hello; E-mail, too, is slower than a text; Voice mail is a now impolite way of trying to connect. ????My father learned this lesson after leaving me a dozen voice mail messages, none of which I listened to. Exasperated, he called my sister to express his dissatisfaction that I never returned his phone calls. “Why are you leaving him voice mails?” my sister asked. “Just text him.” ????In the age of the smartphone, there is no reason to ask once-acceptable questions about: the weather forecast, a business's phone number, or directions to a house, a restaurant, which can be easily found on Google Maps. But people still ask these things. And when you answer, they respond with a thank-you e-mail. ????How to handle these differing standards? Easy: Consider your audience. Some people, especially older ones, appreciate a thank-you message. Others, like me, want no reply. ????The anthropologist(人类学家) Margaret Mead once said that in traditional societies, the young learn from the old. But in modern societies, the old can also learn from the young. Here's hoping that politeness never goes out of fashion but that time-wasting forms of communication do.1.What does the underlined word "exasperated" mean in the fifth paragraph?A.TiredB.SurprisedC.WorriedD.Annoyed2.Why didn't the writer reply to his father?A.He didn’t receive any voice mail message.B.He enjoyed checking his voice mails.C.He liked text message better.D.He didn’t want to talk with his father.3.Which of the following does the writer agree to?A.Dealing with voice mail should vary with each individual.B.Declaring who they are or saying hello in texts is necessary.C.People needn’t learn from one another in traditional societies.D.People needn’t turn to Google for help when in trouble.4.What's the best title of this passage?A.Nowadays: Do you need a thank-you messageB.Nowadays: Do you like leaving others a voice messageC.Nowadays: What should we do with text messages.D.Nowadays: What means should we use in communication
5、The problem of robocalls has gotten so bad that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year,half of the calls we receive will be scams(欺诈).We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools,apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately,it's too little,too late. By the time these “solutions"(解决方案)become widely available,scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. In the near future,it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.
That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation ( 处理 ) and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use .At this year's I/O Conference ,a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human –sounding voice that it was able to speak to a receptionist and book a reservation without detection.
These developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse. The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision A decade of data breaches(数据侵入)of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother 's name ,and far more. Armed with? this? knowledge. they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means. for example,that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller 's,ricking you into "confirming " your address,mother's name,and card number. Scammers follow money,so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone,and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.
We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by. or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications—using apps like Face Time or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.
Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to harder from here on out.
1.How does the author feel about the solutions to problem of robecalls?
A.Panicked. B.Confused. C.Embarrassed. D.Disappointed.
2.taking advantage of the new technologies,scammer can______.
A.aim at victims precisely B.damage databases easily
C.start campaigns rapidly D.spread information widely
3.What does the passage imply?
A.Honesty is the best policy. B.Technologies can be double-edited.
C.There are more solutions than problems. D.Credibility holds the key to development.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A.Where the Problem of Robocalls Is Rooted
B.Who Is to Blame for the Problem of Roboealls
C.Why Robocalls Are About to Get More Dangerous
D.How Robocalls Are Affecting the World of Technology
6、Statistics often sounds like a dry subject, but sometimes it’s necessary to take a statistics course to get the correct answer to this problem. Take the following case for example: a football scout (球探)hears of a player who has powered his team to a good win-loss record. His coaches think he’s one of the most talented players they’ve seen. But the scout is unimpressed by the one practice game he sees him in; he tells his manager it’s not worth trying to recruit (录用)the player.
Most sports fans would think that was a pretty foolish decision, right? Athletic performance is much too variable to base an important judgment on such a small sample. But consider this problem: an employer gets an application from a junior executive (主管人员)with an excellent college record and strong references from his current employer. The employer interviews the applicant and is unimpressed. The employer tells his colleagues that it’s not worthwhile recruiting him.
Most people regard this as a reasonable sort of decision. But it isn’t. Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless as a predictor of long-term performance by any criteria that have been examined.
In both cases, predictions based on references-school reports, prior performance, letters of recommendation-give a 65-75% chance of choosing the better of the two.
Why do we get the athletic problem right and the employment problem wrong? Because in the case of the job, unlike for athletic performance, we haven’t seen hundreds of candidates in interviews of a particular type and seen how well performance in the interview corresponds to ultimate (最终的)performance in the setting we’re concerned about. We haven’t seen that the guy who looks like a fool in the interview turns out to be clever on the job and the guy who does well in the interview turns out to be average. The only way to see that the interview isn’t going to be worth much is to be able to apply the “law of large numbers”,which assists the recognition that an interview represents a very small sample of behavior.
The bottom line: there’s safety in numbers. The more recommendations a person has, the more positive the outcome is likely to be for the employer. Consider the job interview: it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behavior but of something else entirely. Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip. It’s just too compelling (强迫性的)that we’ve learned a lot from those 30 minutes.
My recommendation is not to interview at all unless you’re going to develop an interview protocol (体系),with the help of a professional, which is based on careful analysis of what you are looking for in a job candidate. And then ask exactly the same questions of every candidate. It’s harder to develop such a protocol than you might guess. But it can really pay off.
1.The cases in the first two paragraphs are meant to_____.
A.illustrate the influence of fans B.show the weaknesses of scouts
C.attach importance to interviews D.introduce the topic of the passage
2.The author believes that____.
A.the setting in the job interview is too artificial to be convincing
B.a successful candidate usually uses tricks to cover his real characters
C.a small sample is not enough to make a generalized judgement of a candidate
D.the number of candidates hasn’t satisfied the requirements for a job interview
3.What is the best title for the passage?
A.How employees are selected B.Where statistics are available
C.Why job interviews are pointless D.When recommendations are needed
7、Living and dealing with kids can be a tough job these days, but living and dealing with parents can be even tougher.
If I have learned anything in my 18 years, it is communication that is very important, both when you disagree and when you get along. With any relationship, you need to let others know how you are feeling. If you are not able to communicate, you drift apart. When you are mad at your parents, or anyone else, not talking to them doesn't solve anything.
Communication begins with the concerns of another. It means that you can't just come home from school, go up to your room and ignore everyone. Even if you just say "Hi", and see how their day was for five minutes, it is better than nothing.
If you looked up the word "communication" in a dictionary, it would say "the exchange of ideas, the conveyance of information, correspondence (通信), means of communication: a letter or a message". To maintain a good relationship, you must keep communication strong. Let people know how you feel, even if it's just by writing a note.
When dealing with parents, you always have to make them feel good about how they are doing as a parent. If you are trying to make them see something as you see it, tell them that you'll listen to what they have to say, but ask them politely to listen to you. Yelling or walking away only makes the situation worse.
This is an example: one night, Sophie went to a street party with her friends. She knew she had to be home by midnight after the fireworks, but she didn't feel she could just ask to go home. That would be rude. After all, they had been nice enough to take her along with them. Needless to say, she was late getting home. Her parents were mad at first, but when Sophie explained why she was late, they weren't as mad and let the incident go.
Communication is the key factor here. If Sophie's parents had not been willing to listen, Sophie would have been in a lot of trouble. Communication isn't a one-way deal: it goes both ways. Just remember: if you get into a situation like Sophie's, tell the other person how you feel -- listening is the key factor to communication.
1.What is the main idea of the second paragraph?A.The disagreement between generations.B.The importance of communication.C.The great importance of keeping silent.D.The necessity of making your feeling known.2.When parents and children are in communication, the key to a happy relationship is that _____.A.parents should listen to their childrenB.children should always obey their parentsC.parents and children should not yell or ignoreD.equality plays a part in family communication3.What does the example in this passage prove?A.Sophie's parents did a good job in listening to her.B.Children should first explain themselves to their parents.C.Communication is the solution to misunderstanding.D.Parents would be mad at their children's returning home late.4.What can we learn from the passage?A.Walk away instead of yelling if communication fails.B.It is better to say "Hi" to others than say nothing.C.Talking is more important than listening in communication.D.You should feel good about yourself when communicating.
8、Mass communication has been growing and affecting the way communities and people behave. At every stage of the development of communication, from the telegraph to the Internet, societies have had to adapt to its effects. But have the effects been more positive or negative?
The saying “knowledge is power” has been an excellent motivator for people to improve their lives, but today the massive amount of information available through the Internet doesn't always seem to be helping people in the way we’d hoped. Rather than improving people’s lives and bringing us closer together, the information age is making us more divided and irresponsible.
Nevertheless, many people find comfort in their virtual (虚拟的) worlds and are happy to connect with real-life friends and online friends from the familiar surroundings of their living rooms. However, being able to reinvent themselves online and be whoever they want to be leads to the question of whether they are losing their identities by living in a virtual world. It's not all bad news, however. Mass communication has helped change some attitudes for the better. Take our views on the environment for example. Internet campaigns by governments and other organizations have helped popularize the ideas of recycling, protecting wildlife and reducing pollution.
Modern electronic communication now influences every aspect of our lives - it is a powerful tool that has raised some concerns for society. However, it has also brought countless benefits to society. At the end of the day, it can be used both for good or evil, which largely relies on the morals and sense of responsibility of the individual or community involved. In short, it needs to be used with care.
1.According to the text, the information age today _____.A.helps people improve their livesB.fully shows "Knowledge is power"C.makes people feel more connected to othersD.fails to achieve our expectations sometimes2.What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A.People only connect with online friends.B.Online friends can be comforting for all people.C.Virtual lives can make people clear of who they are.D.The Internet helps to raise our environmental awareness.3.What is the writer's attitude to electronic communication in the last paragraph?A.It should be used in a cautious way.B.It does more harm than good to society.C.Its side effects can't be handled by individuals.D.It should be strictly controlled by the government.4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.The comfort of the virtual worlds.B.The effects of mass communication.C.The development of mass communication.D.The way to use modern mass communication.



答案以及解析
1答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.A; 3.B解析：

2答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.D
解析：1.细节理解题。第一段倒数第一句“with top grades will be able to apply for direct entry onto Birmingham degree programmes without first completing a foundation year which is a routine for the freshman.”可知在伯明翰大学承认高考成绩之前,中国学生需要进行一年的预科学习之后才能进入专业课程学习。故选A。2.推理判断题。第一段第一句“The University of Birmingham is the first excellent UK Russell Group university to announce that it will accept the "Gaokao" exam for high-flying Chinese students wishing to join its. undergraduate courses in 2019.”可知伯明翰大学的通告主要针对中国学生发布的。故选D。3.词义猜测题。根据第三段划线部分句子“We welcome people from around the globe to study at Birmingham and Chinese students form an integral part of our education and research community.”句意:我们欢迎来自世界各地的人们来伯明翰学习,中国学生是我们教育和研究领域不可或缺的一部分。可知integral意思为“不可或缺的”,故选B。4.主旨大意题。本文介绍了世界一流大学——英国伯明翰大学从2019年起开始承认中国高考成绩,为更多的中国高水平学生提供更多到世界名校深造的机会。即伯明翰大学对高考成绩的承认,故选D。

3答案及解析：
答案：1.A; 2.D; 3.B; 4.D解析：

4答案及解析：
答案：1-4 DCAD
解析：1.词义推断题。根据下文中的dissatisfaction可推知，父亲很恼怒。
2.推断题。根据第4段内容可知，作者认为发文字信息更简单、快捷，且不必说一些客套话，发语音信息不礼貌。
3.推断题。根据倒数第2段的内容可推知，处理信息要因人而异。
4.主旨题。通读全文可知.本文作者主要探讨了在当今社会，我们应该使用什么样的交流方式。

5答案及解析：
答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C
解析：这是一篇说明文。语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it’s too little, too late. By the time these “solutions” become widely available, scammers will have moved onto clever means”可知，最后，我们通过支持和开发一组旨在防止欺诈者通过的工具、应用程序和方法，认识到了问题的严重性。不幸的是，我们的努力太少了，也太晚了。在这些“解决方案”被广泛使用的时候，骗子将转移到更巧妙的手段上。由此推知，作者认为这些“解决办法”对于解决问题起不了什么作用，因此作者感到很“失望”。故D选项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother’s name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they’re able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller’s, tricking you into “confirming” your address, mother’s name, and card number”可知，机器人通话之所以令人头痛，与其说与数量有关，不如说与精确度有关。长达十年的个人信息泄露已经导致了这样一种情况：骗子可以轻易地知道你母亲的名字，甚至更多。有了这些知识，他们就能够开展有针对性的运动来欺骗人们。根据这些可知，利用这种新的技术，欺诈者们可以精确的确定他们行骗的目标。故A选项正确。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项语音技术可以产生一个听起来和人类非常相似的声音，它可以和接待员进行交谈，进行预订。由此可知，这项新技术有其好的方面。根据第三段的叙述可知，欺诈者们可以利用这项新技术来进行欺诈行为。由此推知，这项新技术既可以发挥好的作用，也可能为坏人所利用，产生不好的作用，因此可以说它是一把双刃剑。故B选项正确。
【4题详解】
主旨大意题。第一段提到：robocalls（机器人电话: 自动拨号播放录音信息的推销电话）在未来变得会越来越严重，不仅仅是出现在你的手机屏幕上的电话号码令人怀疑，而且你会质疑听到的声音是否是真的。第二段介绍原因：语音操作与自动化技术的出现使得机器人电话可以以假乱真。第三段介绍了语音操作和自动化技术发展会使得机器人电话产生的问题更加严重。最后两段提出我们该如何应对这些问题。综上，文章第一段点明文章中心：机器人电话问题在未来会变得越来越严重。下文都是围绕这一话题展开的。故C选项适合作标题。

6答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.C; 3.C
解析：1.根据第一段it’s necessary to take a statistics course to get the answer to this problem. Take the following case for example…consider this problem…可见提出的例子是用来论证数据是否能运用于最终决定的,也就是文章的中心主题,故选D。2.根据第三段Countless studies show that the unstructured 30-minute interview is virtually worthless，第六段it’s not only a tiny sample, it’s not even a sample of job behaviorbut of something else entirely.可知选C。3.根据第五段倒数第二行interview represents a very small sample of behavior,第六段Psychological theory and data show that we are incapable of treating the interview data as little more than unreliable gossip可知作者认为job interview是无意义的;A选项只是文章一小部分,不能代表全部;B选项的两个例子,athletic problem是用来反证job interview的,文章核心还是job interview的问题;D选项也只是文章提到的一小部分,并且文章最后作者的recommendation是develop an interview protocol…ask exactly the same questions of every candidate可知D错误。

7答案及解析：
答案：1.B; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B解析：

8答案及解析：
答案：1.D; 2.D; 3.A; 4.B解析：

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