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考前晨读晚练自修板块（十九）
晚练阅读理解——归拢主题语素
常考主题：人与自然 /环境保护 /人与环境
Passage 1(2018·全国卷 Ⅰ·D篇)
We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device. This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. Devices were grouped by generation. Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box?set TVs defined 1992. Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997. And MP3 players, smart phones, and LCD TVs entered homes in 2002, before tablets and e?readers showed up in 2007.
As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones. “The living?room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. The average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007. We're not just keeping these old devices — we continue to use them. According to the analysis of Babbitt's team, old desktop monitors and box TVs with cathode ray tubes are the worst devices with their energy consumption and contribution to greenhouse gas emissions (排放) more than doubling during the 1992 to 2007 window.
So what's the solution (解决方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on?demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
一、理清文脉速懂文

二、再练真题找规律
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，过时的电子设备比新设备要消耗更多的能源，而且危害环境。因此从环保的角度来看，文章建议用多功能的新设备来替换过时的设备。
32. What does the author think of new devices?
A．They are environment?friendly.
B．They are no better than the old.
C．They cost more to use at home.
D．They go out of style quickly.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“these outdated devices consume much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things”可知，做同样的事这些过时的设备比新设备消耗更多的能源，也就是说新的设备更节能、更环保。
33．Why did Babbitt's team conduct the research?
A．To reduce the cost of minerals.
B．To test the life cycle of a product.
C．To update consumers on new technology.
D．To find out electricity consumption of the devices.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“To figure out how much power these devices are using ... ”可知，Babbitt和她的团队进行这项研究的目的是计算这些设备的用电量。
34．Which of the following uses the least energy?
A．The box?set TV. B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句“They found that more on?demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.”可知，更多地在平板电脑上观看点播的娱乐节目，而不是看电视和台式电脑，可以将能耗降低44%，由此可知，平板电脑消耗最少的能源。
35．What does the text suggest people do about old electronic devices?
A．Stop using them. B．Take them apart.
C．Upgrade them. D．Recycle them.
解析：选A　推理判断题。文章通过科学家的研究表明，过时的旧电子设备会消耗更多的能源，不环保。由此推知，文章建议人们停止使用旧电子设备。
Passage 2(2018·6月浙江高考·B篇)
Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.
Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts (收银台)．The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds,_plastic?bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.
Among the bag makers' arguments：many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at, they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today.
The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic?bag use it cancels out.However, longer?lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic.
Environmentalists don't dispute(质疑)these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years.
一、理清文脉速懂文

二、再练真题找规律
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了几种购物袋的使用情况，塑料袋造成了环境问题，尽管纸袋容易回收，但生产和运输需要更多的能源，环保主义者希望消费者使用耐用而且可重复使用的袋子。
24．What has Steven Stein been hired to do?
A．Help increase grocery sales.
B．Recycle the waste material.
C．Stop things falling off trucks.
D．Argue for the use of plastic bags.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“... are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume”可知，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Steven Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品并不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处，故选D项。
25．What does the word “headwinds” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Bans on plastic bags.
B．Effects of city development.
C．Headaches caused by garbage.
D．Plastic bags hung in trees.
解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据画线单词所在句“看到这种‘逆风’，塑料购物袋制造商雇用像Steven Stein这样的科学家来说明他们的产品不像大多数人认为的那样对地球有那么大的坏处”，再联系上一句“The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in ...”可知，A项“禁止使用塑料袋”为正确选项。
26．What is a disadvantage of reusable bags according to plastic?bag makers?
A．They are quite expensive.
B．Replacing them can be difficult.
C．They are less strong than plastic bags.
D．Producing them requires more energy.
解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段倒数第二句“However, longer?lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.”可知，生产这种耐用且能重复使用的购物袋需要更多的能源，故选D项。
27．What is the best title for the text?
A．Plastic, Paper or Neither
B．Industry, Pollution and Environment
C．Recycle or Throw Away
D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control
解析：选A　标题归纳题。本文主要叙述了三方面的内容：塑料购物袋产生“白色垃圾”；纸袋的生产和运输消耗更多的能源；环保主义者希望塑料袋和纸袋都不用。故A项“塑料袋、纸袋或者两者都不用”可作为文章的最佳标题。


一、由语篇习词汇，夯实阅读之基
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出加黑词汇的语境之义)
1．(Passage 1)We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (装置) well after they go out of style.习惯
2．(Passage 1)To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
①track：追踪(进展情况)　②mine：(在某地)开矿，采矿
3．(Passage 1)Devices were grouped by generation. 将……分类；把……分组
4．(Passage 1)“The living?room television is replaced and gets planted in the kids' room, and suddenly one day, you have a TV in every room of the house，” said one researcher. 立稳；竖立；安放
5．(Passage 2)Eyeing these headwinds, plastic?bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.看到；审视
Ⅱ.生词拓展(写出加黑词汇的汉语意思)
1．(Passage 1)This method provided a readout for how home energy use has evolved since the early 1990s. 发展，演变
2．(Passage 1)Desktop computers, basic mobile phones, and box?set TVs defined 1992.给……下定义
3．(Passage 1)Digital cameras arrived on the scene in 1997.数字的
4．(Passage 1)As we accumulated more devices, however, we didn't throw out our old ones.积累；积聚
5．(Passage 2)His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.驾车沿着……驶去
6．(Passage 2)The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California, including Los Angeles.禁止
7．(Passage 2)The stronger a reusable bag is, the longer its life and the more plastic?bag use it cancels out.对消；抵消
8．(Passage 2)However, longer?lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.更持久的
Ⅲ.重点词汇回扣练
(一)用所给词的正确形式填空
1．The books on the desk, whose covers are shiny (shine), are prizes for us.
2．While they were just children, they made contributions to the environmental (environment) protection.
3．I find that doing physical exercise a couple of times a week makes me feel more energetic (energy)．
4．After he came to power,_everyone said he was a powerful leader, but now he feels so powerless that he even can't save his daughter. (power)
5．All over the world, researchers (research) are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fast?changing world.
6．Arrested by the latest electronic (electricity) toys, the little boy stood in front of the windows, without moving.
7．If you want to be popular, above all, join in our class activities and make a contribution (contribute) to our class if possible.
8．Assuming (assume) that you are right, what should we do next?
9．They had an argument (argue) yesterday, but they have already made up now.
10．The rules also require employers to_provide (provide) safety training to employees.
(二)选词填空
make sense， show up， figure out， end up， get rid of， assume， argue， defend， contribute， ban
1.Two hundred people showed_up for the wedding, about 50 more than we had originally planned.
2．Fortunately, his convincing voice contributed to his success in a singing competition in a program at CCTV, making him famous throughout China.
3．We're moving, so we have to get_rid_of a lot of our old furniture.
4．We can't figure_out why quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out.
5．If you take away the attributive clauses, do the sentences still make_sense?
6．The meeting lasted three hours. It ended_up with a song at last.
7．Everyone should learn how to defend himself by the lawful means.
8．It's reasonable to assume it to be likely to happen.
9．They are always arguing over some small things.
10．He was banned from driving for six months because of drunk driving.
Ⅳ.话题词汇拓展
1．ecology n．　　　　　　　　 生态
2．radiation n. 辐射；放射线
3．emission n. 排放
4．advocate vt. 拥护；支持；提倡
5．substitute v. 取代
6．expectation n. 预料；期望
7．responsibility n. 责任；负责
8．extreme adj. 极端的
9．renewable adj. 可再生的
10．balance n. 平衡
11．abuse vt. 滥用
12．sustainable adj. 可持续的
13．disposable adj. 一次性的
14．disastrous adj. 灾难性的
15．throwaway adj. 一次性使用的

二、突破长难句，跨越阅读障碍
1．(Passage 1)To figure out how much power these devices are using, Callie Babbitt and her colleagues at the Rochester Institute of Technology in New York tracked the environmental costs for each product throughout its life — from when its minerals are mined to when we stop using the device.
分析： To figure out how much power these devices are using 是不定式短语作目的状语，其中how much power... 是宾语从句，作figure out的宾语。tracked是谓语动词，the environmental costs 是其宾语。破折号后的from ... to ... 起解释说明的作用。
翻译：为了弄清楚这些设备使用多少能量，纽约罗切斯特理工学院的Callie_Babbitt_和她的同事们追踪记录了每一种产品在其生命周期内的环境成本——从制造它的矿物质被开采出来，到我们停止使用该设备。
2．(Passage 2)His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter, including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.
分析：本句是一个比较复杂的主从复合句。其中主句是：His strange habit makes sense；when引导一个时间状语从句，在从句中，consider后面的that引导宾语从句，而who则引导定语从句修饰scientist；“how＋不定式”在定语从句中作studies的宾语；including things是介词词组，作状语；后面包含that引导的定语从句修饰things和as引导的时间状语从句。
翻译：当你考虑到他是一个环境科学家的时候，他的奇怪的习惯就可以理解了。他研究如何减少垃圾，包括那些从路上行驶的垃圾车上掉下来的东西。
三、完成写作佳句，成就高分文章
1．一旦你学会利用失败，那么失败就能为你的生活带来积极的贡献。
Failure can make_a_positive_contribution_to your life once you learn to use it.
2．我们必须明白：习惯一旦形成，就很难甚至有时几乎不可能改掉。
We must understand that a habit is difficult and sometimes almost impossible to get_rid_of_once_it_is_formed.
3．很长时间后我才弄清楚发生了什么。
It was quite a long time before I figured_out_what_had_happened.
4．你要是做那件事，必将以耻辱告终。
If you do that, you'll end_up_with egg on your face.
5. 这些讲座给学生们提供了一个让他们去理解那些可能看起来很可怕的数学知识的机会。
The lectures offer students a chance to make_sense_of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening.


考前晨读晚练自修板块（十九）
晨读完形填空——体会用语之美
[先填后背]
熟读语感出
阅读话题——作者成功减肥并为流浪儿童募捐
(2017·天津高考)At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds. I had a very poor relationship with food: I used it to __16__ bad feelings, to make myself feel better, and to celebrate. Worried about my health, I tried many different kinds of __17__ but nothing worked. I came to believe that I could do nothing about my __18__.
When I was 50, my weight problem began to affect me __19__. I didn't want to live the rest of my life with this __20__ weight any more.
That year, I __21__ a seminar where we were asked to create a project that would touch the world. A seminar leader shared her story — she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised＄25,000 for homeless children.
__23__ by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals __24__. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise＄50,000 __25__ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world __26__ me as the perfect solution.
__27__ I began my own personal weight program, I was filled with the fear that I would __28__ the same difficulties that beat me before. While the __29__ hung over my head, there were also signs that I was headed down the right __30__. I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project. It worked perfectly. Donations began __31__ in from hundreds of people.
Of course, I also took some practical steps to lose weight. I consulted with a physician (内科医生), I hired a fitness coach, and I began to eat small and __32__ meals. My fund?raising focus also gave me new motivation to exercise __33__.
A year later, I __34__ my goal: I lost 150 pounds and raised＄50,000! I feel that I've been given a second life to devote to something that is __35__ and enormous.
16．A.add　　　　　　　 B．mix
C．kill D．share
17．A.diets B．drinks
C．fruits D．dishes
18．A.height B．ability
C．wisdom D．weight
19．A.temporarily B．recently
C．seriously D．secretly
20．A.ideal B．extra
C．normal D．low
21．A.attended B．organized
C．recommended D．mentioned
22．A.folk B．success
C．adventure D．science
23．A.Surprised B．Amused
C．Influenced D．Disturbed
24．A.project B．business
C．system D．custom
25．A.in search of B．in need of
C．in place of D．in support of
26．A.scared B．considered
C．confused D．struck
27．A.As B．Until
C．If D．Unless
28．A.get over B．run into
C．look for D．put aside
29．A.excitement B．joy
C．anger D．fear
30．A.row B．hall
C．path D．street
31．A.breaking B．flooding
C．jumping D．stepping
32．A.heavy B．full
C．expensive D．healthy
33．A.regularly B．limitlessly
C．suddenly D．randomly
34．A.set B．reached
C．missed D．dropped
35．A.stressful B．painful
C．meaningful D．peaceful　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
自我诊断：16～20　CADCB　21～25　ABCAD　26～30　DABDC　31～35　BDABC
把握规律：5A　5B　5C　5D
(一)复现重点词汇
1．celebrate v．庆祝
[派生]　celebration n．　　 庆祝；庆祝会，庆典
[搭配]　in celebration of 为庆祝
[佳句背诵]　(2017·浙江11月高考写作)
I'm writing to invite you to come to my home to celebrate the Spring Festival on January 19.
我写信邀请你1月19号来我家庆祝春节。
2．affect vt.影响；打动
[派生]　affection n. 喜爱，钟爱；感情
[联想]　effect n. 效果；影响
[佳句背诵]　(2016·江苏高考书面表达)
What's worse, fairness will undoubtedly be affected due to the emotional factor resulting from interpersonal relationships.
更为糟糕的是，由于人际关系导致的情感因素，公平无疑会受到影响。
3．consult v．咨询；请教；商量；查阅
[搭配]　consult sb. about sth. 向某人请教/咨询某事
consult a doctor 向医生求诊
[佳句背诵]　(2018·江苏高考书面表达)
I tend to consult consumption ratings whatever I purchase.
无论我买什么，我都倾向于咨询消费排名。
4．focus n．焦点；集中点 v．聚焦；集中精力
[搭配]　focus on/upon　　注意，集中于
focus ...on ... 把/使……集中于……上
[佳句背诵]　(2019·浙江6月高考写作)
As a matter of fact, the quality of praise is more significant，which focuses on the kids' effort rather than the outcome.
事实上，表扬的质量更重要，它关注孩子的努力而不是结果。
5．motivation n．动机
[词根]　motivate vt.　　　　　 激励，激发；使有动机
[搭配]　motivate sb.to do sth. 激励某人做某事
[佳句背诵]　(2019·天津高考书面表达)
I hold the firm belief that it also has given many others motivation of life and study.
我坚信它也给了其他许多人生活和学习的动力。
6．mention n．& v. 提到；说起；涉及
[搭配]　mention doing sth. 提到做某事
mention sth. to sb. 向某人提及某事
mention to sb. that ... 向某人提及……
[佳句背诵]　(2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
It is worth mentioning that our volleyball team won the championship twice in national middle school volleyball match.
值得一提的是，我们的排球队在全国中学排球比赛中两次获得冠军。
7．influence vt.影响；支配 n．影响(力)；作用
[搭配]　influence sb. to do sth.　 影响某人去做某事
under the influence of ... 在……的影响下
have (an) influence on/upon ... 对……有影响
[佳句背诵]　(2018·江苏高考书面表达)
Interestingly, the same rating may have different influence on different consumers.
有趣的是，相同的排名可能会对不同的消费者产生不同的影响。
8．confuse vt.使困惑；使难于理解
[派生]　confused adj. 　 感到困惑的；感到难懂的
confusing adj. 令人困惑的；难懂的
[佳句背诵]　(2018·江苏高考书面表达)
For example, there are huge amounts of reference books which I am often confused to choose from.比如，有很多的参考书，我从中进行选择的时候感到困惑。

(二)复现高级句式
1．A seminar leader shared her success story — she had not only lost 125 pounds, but also raised $25,000 for homeless children.
一位研讨会的领导分享了她的成功故事——她不仅减肥125英镑而且为无家可归的孩子们募集到25 000美元。
记句式 not only ... but also ... 不仅……而且……
学仿写 人们聚集在城市不仅是为就业，还是为享用文化设施。People gather in cities not_only_to_get_jobs_but_also to take advantage of cultural facilities.

2．I sent letters to everyone I knew, telling them about my project.
我给所有我认识的人寄信，告诉他们我的项目。
记句式 现在分词短语作伴随状语
学仿写 (2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)因此我们计划这个星期三和星期四在体育馆一起练习，从下午4点持续到下午6点。So we plan to practice together in the gym this Wednesday and Thursday, lasting_from 4 pm to 6 pm.

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