资源简介

考前晨读晚练自修板块（十七）
晚练阅读理解——归拢主题语素
常考主题：人与社会 /科学与技术 /科学研究
Passage 1(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·D篇)
Monkeys seem to have a way with numbers.
A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0－25 drops of water or juice as a reward. The researchers then tested how the monkeys combined — or added — the symbols to get the reward.
Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. On one part of the screen, a symbol would appear, and on the other side two symbols inside a circle were shown. For example, the number 7 would flash on one side of the screen and the other end would have 9 and 8. If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with seven drops of water or juice; if they went for the circle, they would be rewarded with the sum of the numbers — 17 in this example.
After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.
When the team examined the results of the experiment more closely, they noticed that the monkeys tended to underestimate (低估) a sum compared with a single symbol when the two were close in value — sometimes choosing, for example, a 13 over the sum of 8 and 6. The underestimation was systematic: When adding two numbers, the monkeys always paid attention to the larger of the two, and then added only a fraction (小部分) of the smaller number to it.
“This indicates that there is a certain way quantity is represented in their brains，” Dr. Livingstone says. “But in this experiment what they're doing is paying more attention to the big number than the little one.”
一、理清文脉速懂文

二、再练真题找规律
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了哈佛医学院通过实验得出结论：猴子能做简单计算，且它们对大数值的关注胜过小数值。
32．What did the researchers do to the monkeys before testing them?
A．They fed them.
B．They named them.
C．They trained them.
D．They measured them.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段首句“A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols ...”可知，研究人员在测试前首先对猴子进行了训练。故选C。
33．How did the monkeys get their reward in the experiment?
A．By drawing a circle.
B．By touching a screen.
C．By watching videos.
D．By mixing two drinks.
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they would be rewarded with ...”可知，猴子触摸屏幕会获得奖励。故选B。
34．What did Livingstone's team find about the monkeys?
A．They could perform basic addition.
B．They could understand simple words.
C．They could memorize numbers easily.
D．They could hold their attention for long.
解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第四段的内容可知，大多数时候，猴子倾向于触摸更高的数值，这表明它们会进行简单的计算，而不仅仅是记住每个数字组合的数值。故选A。
35．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?
A．Entertainment.　 B．Health.
C．Education. D．Science.
解析：选D　文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文讲述的是科学实验，由常识可知应在报纸的科学版块。故选D。
Passage 2(2018·北京高考·C篇)
Plastic?Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year. Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans. So far there is no effective way to get rid of it, but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics. The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours, and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams, or almost 3% of it. To confirm that the worms' chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown, the researchers made some worms into paste (糊状物)and applied it to plastic films. 14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass — apparently broken down by enzymes (酶) from the worms' stomachs. Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini, co?author of the study, says the worms' ability to break down their everyday food — beeswax — also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture, but the basic bond in polyethylene, the carbon?carbon bond, is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene. But compared with previous studies, she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
一、理清文脉速懂文


二、再练真题找规律
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟幼虫。它胃中的酶能够分解塑料，这为人们解决塑料污染问题提供了新的途径。
43．What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A．They take plastics as their everyday food.
B．They are newly evolved creatures.
C．They can consume plastics.
D．They wind up in landfills.
解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句中的“found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟幼虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，故选C。
44．According to Jennifer DeBruyn, the next step of the study is to __________.
A．identify other means of the breakdown
B．find out the source of the enzyme
C．confirm the research findings
D．increase the breakdown speed
解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The next step ... Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itself or by its gut microbes (肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶的来源。故选B。
45．It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might __________ .
A．help to raise worms
B．help make plastic bags
C．be used to clean the oceans
D．be produced in factories in future
解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply ‘millions of worms ...’”可知，研究人员期望能在一些工业流程中使用这种化学物质，故选D。
46．What is the main purpose of the passage?
A．To explain a study method on worms.
B．To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C．To present a way to break down plastics.
D．To propose new means to keep eco?balance.
解析：选C　写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项分解塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一种分解塑料垃圾的新途径。故选C。

一、由语篇习词汇，夯实阅读之基
Ⅰ.熟词生义(写出加黑词汇的语境之义)
1．(Passage 1)After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time ...注意；留意
2．(Passage 2)“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”逐渐形成
3．(Passage 2)The next step, DeBruyn says, will be to identify the cause of the breakdown. 找到；发现
4．(Passage 2)Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team's findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills. 使用
5．(Passage 2)But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process — not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”仅仅
Ⅱ.生词拓展(写出加黑词汇的汉语意思)
1．(Passage 1)After running hundreds of tests, the researchers noted that the monkeys would go for the higher values more than half the time, indicating that they were performing a calculation, not just memorizing the value of each combination.计算
2．(Passage 2)Almost half of that winds up in landfills (垃圾填埋场), and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.最终沦落到
3．(Passage 2)Researchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene, which accounts for 40% of plastics.聚乙烯
Ⅲ.重点词汇回扣练
(一)用所给词的正确形式填空
1．You will have to be selective (select)about which information to include in the report.
2．The witnesses questioned by the police just now gave very different descriptions (describe) of the fight.
3．The air seemed thin, as though its combination(combine) of gases had little oxygen left.
4．They went about their business in a systematic(system) way.
5．It has been confirmed (confirm) that the agreement is to be signed.
6．We'll be responsible for your safety, but you need to take responsibility for your actions. (responsible)
7．Apparently (apparent), smartphones, if used properly, are helpful to our study, especially to our English listening.
8．Having got involved (involve) in a theft, he was sentenced to five years in prison.
9．Little joy can equal that of a surprising (surprise) ending when you read stories.
10．It is more complicated than we previously (previous) thought.
(二)选词填空
account for， commercial，evolve，effective， consist of， simply， indicate， reward
1．How many countries does the UK consist_of?
2．A shopkeeper discovered that he could attract customers to his shop simply by making changes to its environment.
3．I shall advertise the loss of my laptop in the newspaper, with a reward for the finder.
4．He could not account_for his absence from school, so the teacher phoned his parents.
5．Thanks to recent research, effective treatments are available.
6．Commercial advertisement is one of the things we have to put up with when watching TV.
7．The three species evolved from a single ancestor.
8．Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.
Ⅳ.话题词汇拓展
1．significance n．　　　　 重要性
2．phenomenon n. 现象
3．vital adj. 对……极其重要的
4．popularity n. 普及
5．challenging adj. 挑战性的
6．advancement n. 进步
7．regulation n. 规范
8．achievement n. 成绩；成就
9．impose v. 推行
10．breakthrough n. 突破
11．efficiently adv. 高效地
12．network n. 网络
13．faithfulness n. 友善
14．sincerity n. 真诚
15．thumbs?up n. 点赞
二、突破长难句，跨越阅读障碍
1．(Passage 1)Here's how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone, who led the team, described the experiment: In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens.
分析：本句是here引导的倒装句，how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone 为从句的主语，described为从句谓语，the experiment为从句宾语；其中who引导定语从句，修饰Margaret Livingstone; In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens 作experiment的同位语。
翻译：哈佛医学院科学家Margaret_Livingstone领导了这个小组，她描述了这个实验：在笼子里他们给猴子提供了触摸屏。
2．(Passage 2)Jennifer DeBruyn, a microbiologist at the University of Tennessee, who was not involved in the study, says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.
分析：

翻译：田纳西大学的一个微生物家Jennifer_DeBruyn没有参加这个研究，她说这样的虫子能分解聚乙烯是不足为奇的。
三、完成写作佳句，成就高分文章
1．我一闻到这种花香，就想起我的童年。
I always associate_the_smell_of_these_flowers_with my childhood.
2．关于如何学好英语，我的老师给了我一些有用的建议。
My teacher gave_some_useful_suggestions to me on how to learn English well.
3．我不想牵涉到谁该受责备的争论中去。
I don't want to be_involved_in some arguments about who is to blame.
4．和逃逸的司机相比，我为我所做的事情而自豪。
Compared_with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did.
5．越来越多的人给亲朋好友发电子贺卡表示问候和祝福。
More and more people tend_to send e?cards to offer their greetings and wishes to their relatives and friends.


考前晨读晚练自修板块（十七）
晨读完形填空——体会用语之美
[先填后背]
熟读语感出
阅读话题——一位加拿大男士免费赠送机票
(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)A Toronto man is offering a free round?the?world air ticket to the right woman. But __41__ apply. You must be named Elizabeth Gallagher and have a Canadian __42__ .
Jordan Axani, 28, said he and his then girlfriend, Elizabeth Gallagher, booked heavily discounted round?the?world air tickets in May, but their __43__ ended and he did not want her ticket to __44__.The ticket had a strict no?transfer (不可转让) ， but since passport information was not required when ， any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can it.
“I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to 　48　 a lot of joy，” said Axani. He posted his __49__ on a social networking website, and received thousands of e?mails, including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the __50__ passports. “More __51__， there are hundreds of Canadians who are interested in __52__ their name to Elizabeth Gallagher，” Axani said.“It was absolutely out of __53__ , thousands of e?mails, people around the world __54__ their stories of travel.”
Axani wrote in his post that he is not __55__ anything in return and that the woman who uses the __56__ticket can choose to either travel with him or __57__ the ticket and travel on her own.
The __58__ is scheduled to start on December 21 in New York City and continue on to Milan, Prague, Paris, Bangkok and New Delhi before __59__ in Toronto on January 8. He said the __60__ woman will be announced on the website and the trip will be shared online.
41．A.benefits　　　　　 　 B．deposits
C．restrictions D．examinations
42．A.origin B．passport
C．accent D．friend
43．A.holiday B．marriage
C．dream D．relationship
44．A.go to waste B．come to mind
C．go on sale D．come into effect
45.A.policy B．order
C．payment D．schedule
46．A.applying B．booking
C．checking D．bargaining
47．A.use B．borrow
C．choose D．buy
48．A.sacrifice B．express
C．experience D．provide
49．A.answer B．advice
C．offer D．comment
50．A.same B．right
C．new D．real
51．A.interesting B．annoying
C．satisfying D．convincing
52．A.writing B．giving
C．lending D．changing
53．A.touch B．question
C．date D．control
54. A．admiring B．advertising
C．sharing D．doubting
55．A.leaving B．looking for
C．losing D．dealing with
56．A.single B．strange
C．regular D．extra
57．A.return B．take
C．reserve D．hide
58．A.interview B．program
C．trip D．meeting
59．A.ending B．calling
C．repeating D．staying
60．A.honored B．lovely
C．intelligent D．lucky　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
自我诊断：41～45　CBDAA　46～50　BACCB　51～55　ADDCB　56～60　DBCAD
把握规律：5A　5B　5C　5D


(一)复现重点词汇
1．apply v．申请；适用，应用，运用
[派生]　application n． 申请；应用
[搭配]　apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物
apply ... to ... 把……应用于……
apply to 适用于；运用
[佳句背诵]　(2019·全国卷Ⅰ书面表达)
I'm writing to apply to be a volunteer for the Chinese painting exhibition.
我写信申请做中国画展览的志愿者。
2．require vt.需求
[派生]　requirement n．　　　 必需品；要求
[搭配]　require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事
[佳句背诵]　(2017·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达)
If you want to apply for membership, you are required to fill in the application form.
如果你想申请成为会员，你需要填写申请表。
3．in return 作为回报
[联想]　in turn 依次，轮流；反过来
[佳句背诵]　(2017·天津高考)
We offer an excellent education to our students. In return, we expect students to work hard.
我们给我们的学生提供优质的教育，反过来，我们期待学生们能努力学习。
4．schedule n．[C]时间表；[C，U]日程安排 vt.安排
[搭配]　ahead of schedule 提前
on schedule 按时间表；及时，准时
[佳句背诵]　(2019·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
As scheduled, it will be held on the playground from 5 p．m.to 8 p．m. next Sunday.
按照计划，比赛将从下个星期日下午5点到8点在操场上举行。
5．announce vt.宣布；宣称
[派生]　announcement n. 宣布；声明
[搭配]　announce sth. to sb.＝announce to sb. sth.
向某人宣布某事
It is/was announced that ... 据宣布……
[佳句背诵]　(2015·四川高考)
One day, armed with a basket of vegetables, he announced he was going to make stew (炖菜)．
一天，他带着一篮蔬菜，宣布要做炖菜。
6．convincing adj.令人信服的
[词根]　convince vt. 使信服；使相信
[搭配]　convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事
convince sb. to do sth. 说服某人做某事
convince sb. that ... 使某人相信……
[佳句背诵]　(2018·全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)
I, on behalf of the Students Union, expect all of you to come and I am convinced that you will know the school's history better by the short film.
我代表我们学生会希望你们都能来，而且我确信通过这部短片你们将会更好地了解学校的历史。
7．control vt.& n. 控制
[搭配]　out of control 失去控制
[佳句背诵]　 (2014·安徽高考书面表达)
The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything you'll regret.
重要的是学会控制你的脾气，这样你就不会做或说任何你会后悔的话。
8．lucky adj.运气好的；幸运的
[词根]　luck n．[U] 运气；好运
[搭配]　be lucky to do sth. 做某事是幸运的
[佳句背诵]　(2018·浙江6月高考写作)
We were lucky that Uncle Paul finally found us.
我们很幸运，保罗叔叔最终找到了我们。
(二)复现高级句式
1．The ticket had a strict no?transfer (不可转让) policy, but since passport information was not required when booking, any Canadian Elizabeth Gallagher can use it.
这张机票有严格的不可转让的政策，但是因为在预定时不需要护照信息，所以任何叫Elizabeth Gallagher的加拿大人都可以使用这张机票。
记句式 状语从句的省略
学仿写 当我正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。When_walking_along_the_street,_I heard my name called.

2．“I just want to see the ticket go to good use and for someone to experience a lot of joy，” said Axani.
Axani说：“我只是想看到票能得到充分利用，能让用它的人体验许多快乐。”
记句式 see＋宾语＋宾语补足语
学仿写 正是在那时，我看见他离开了这栋楼。It was at that point that I saw_him_leave the building.

展开更多......

收起↑