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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


第五单元 第二章 动物的运动和行为
第三章 动物在生物圈中的作用
【考点导读·知要求】
1、动物的运动依赖于一定的结构； 2、运动系统的组成以及各部分的协作配合完成运动；
3、动物运动对动物生存的意义；
4、区别先天性行为和学习行为，说明这些行为对动物生存的意义；
5、描述动物的社会行为的特征，以及动物群体中信息交流的意义；
6、动物在生物圈中的作用以及动物与其他生物的关系。
【知识网络·通核心】

【自我检测·明漏缺】
1.人体完成一个动作不仅依靠运动系统，还需要神经系统的调节。完成一个动作的正常生理活动顺序是 （ ）
①骨骼肌收缩 ②肌肉附着的骨受到牵拉产生动作 ③骨骼肌接受神经传来的兴奋
A. ③①② B. ②③① C.①②③ D. ②①③
2.哺乳动物的运动系统不包括 （ ）
A．骨 B．关节 C．骨骼肌 D．神经
3. 毛泽东在《沁园春·长沙》里有这样一段描写：“鹰击长空，鱼翔浅底，万类霜天竞自由”。其中涉及的动物运动方式有 （ ）
A.飞行、游泳 B.跳跃、爬行 C.跳跃、游泳 D.飞行、爬行
4. 当你从桌上端起茶杯喝水时，此时有关骨骼肌和关节活动的情况是 （ ）
A. 肱三头肌收缩，肱二头肌舒张，肘关节弯曲
B. 肱二头肌收缩，肱三头肌舒张，肘关节弯曲
C. 肱二头肌收缩，肱三头肌舒张，肘关节伸直
D. 肱三头肌收缩，肱二头肌舒张，肘关节伸直
5.关于动物的运动和行为，下面几种说法中正确的是 （ ）
A、动物的运动系统是由骨和肌肉组成的
B、在神经系统和运动系统的相互配合下，动物就能完成各种运动
C、动物的行为多种多样，都有利于它们的存活和繁殖后代
D、动物的取食行为是先天性行为
6.下列骨骼肌附着骨的模式图中正确的是 （ ）
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A.①??? ? B.②???? ? C.③???? ? D.④
7.动物的先天性行为所具有的特点是 （ ）
①动物生来就具有的行为 ②不是动物生来就具有的行为 ③由身体里遗传物质所控制的行为
④动物在成长过程中，通过生活经验和“学习”逐渐建立起来的新的行为活动
A、②④ B、①④ C、①③ D、②③
8.动物可以分为脊椎动物和无脊椎动物两大类。其中脊椎动物的学习行为比无脊椎动物更复杂更高等。下列说法最完整的是 （ ）
A、这有利于脊椎动物适应复杂的生活环境 B、这有利于脊椎动物寻找配偶
C、这有利于脊椎动物有效地逃避敌害 D、这有利于脊椎动物获得更多食物
9.小宇同学在看马戏团表演时，发现马戏团的狗能用叫声表演“算算术”，狗的这种行为是 （ ）
A、学习行为 B、遗传行为 C、先天性行为 D、A、B、C都不对
10.下列图中动物的行为属于学习行为的是 ( )
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①小鸟喂鱼　　 ②大山雀喝牛奶　 　③黑猩猩钓取食物　 ④鸡的绕道取食?
A. ①②④ B. ①③④ C. ①②③ D. ②③④
11.生物圈中的动物具有许多复杂的行为，其中具有社会行为的一组是 （ ）
①蚂蚁 ②蜜蜂 ③青蛙 ④蝴蝶 ⑤猴 ⑥象
A、①②⑤⑥ B、 ②③⑤⑥ C 、①④⑤⑥ D、①②④⑤
12．在一群阿尔卑斯狒狒组成的“等级社会”中，下列关于“首邻”狒狒的叙述不正确的是 （ ）
A．优先享有食物和配偶 B.优先选择筑巢场地
C．首领狒狒一般为雌性 D.负责指挥整个社群的行动
13.用性引诱剂诱杀农业害虫是利用 （ ）
A.昆虫的取食行为? ? ?B.昆虫之间的通讯? C.昆虫的学习行为 ?? D.昆虫的迁徙行为
14.动物通过各种各样的行为来适应所生活的环境，从而有利于个体的生存和物种的延续。下列对动物行为的说法正确的是 ( )
A.动物的先天性行为受遗传因素影响 B.动物的后天学习行为与遗传因素无关
C.动物的迁徙属于取食行为 D.乌贼遇敌害时喷出“墨汁”属于攻击行为
15.鹿科动物的小尾巴反面是白色的，当它们遇到危险时，就将尾巴撅起，露出反面的白色，其他“同伴”见了会相继尾随而逃，这是依靠下列哪项传递信息的？ （ ）
A.声音 B.气味 C.分泌物 D.动作
16.“人有人言，兽有兽语”，动物能利用“行为语言”传递信息。下列除哪一项外，均为动物传递信息的“行为语言”？ （ ）
A.昆虫分泌性外激素引诱异性 B.蜜蜂发现蜜源时跳圆形舞?
C.老母鸡“咯咯”地召唤小鸡 D.乌贼遇到敌害时释放墨汁?
17.下面关于动物在生物圈中作用的叙述,错误的是 (　 )
A.维持生态平衡 B.促进物质循环
C.帮助植物传播种子 D.为人类提供丰富的食物
【合作互助·共提高】
18．骨、关节、骨骼肌在运动中的作用分别是 （ ）
A.杠杆、支点、动力 B.杠杆、连接、动力
C.保护、支点、动力 D.动力、支点、杠杆
19.脱臼是指 （ ）
A.关节面从关节囊中脱出 B.关节面从关节腔内脱出
C.关节头从关节窝中脱出 D.构成关节面的两骨骨折
20．下列属于先天性行为的一组是 （ ）
A．蚂蚁搬家、大雁南飞、孔雀开屏 B．猫捉老鼠、尺蠖拟态、鹦鹉学舌
C．蜘蛛结网、公鸡报晓、惊弓之鸟 D．狗辨主客、黄牛耕地、老马识途
21.下列各项属于动物学习行为的是 ( )
A.黑猩猩通过堆叠箱子摘下悬挂在高处的香蕉 B.狼将捡到的婴儿哺育成“狼孩”
C.蜘蛛结网捕捉昆虫 D.鸟类的筑巢、孵卵和育雏
22.对动物“尝试与错误”的行为叙述不正确的是 ( )
A．“尝试与错误”是常见的动物学习行为???? B. “尝试与错误”是动物的后天性行为
C. “尝试与错误”是动物的先天性行为????? D. 动物越高等，“尝试与错误”的次数越少
23.在探究“菜青虫的取食行为”时，需要从菜青虫卵开始进行隔离饲养，同学们讨论这样做的原因，其中不正确的是 （ ）
A、这样才能说明观察或检验菜青虫的某些行为究竟是先天性行为，还是后天的学习行为
B、避免其他因素的干扰
C、有利于给菜青虫提供安静的环境 D、探究结果更具有可信度
24.我国古籍《草木疏》上说“蝗类青色，长角长股，股鸣者也。”，说明动物能通过？来传递信息（ ）
A、声音 B、气味 C、动作 D、语言
25.楚汉相争末期，汉王刘邦派谋士在项王必经之地“召集”蚂蚁排出“项王必死于此地”几个字，项王因此被攻破心理防线。在这一事件中，汉王的谋士主要利用了蚂蚁的 （ ）
A.学习行为 B.社会行为 C.取食行为 D.领域行为
26.“老鼠打洞”这种动物行为所具有的特点是 ( )
①由生活经验获得的 ②由动物体内的遗传物质决定的
③动物生来就有的 ④由动物生活环境因素决定的
A．①② B．③④ C.②③ D．①④
27.下列这些动物的行为中，都能起到同种个体之间交流信息作用的一组是 （ ）
①雌蚕蛾释放性外激素 ②鸟类的各种鸣叫声 ③蚂蚁相互碰触角
④乌贼受到威胁时释放墨汁 ⑤遇到猎豹追捕，瞪羚会急转变 ⑥狗一路走一路撒尿
A、①③⑤⑥ B、②④⑤⑥ C、①②③⑥ D、①②③⑤
28.在一个由牧草、鹿和狼组成的相对封闭的草原生态系统中,假如把狼全部杀绝,那么鹿的数量将(　)
A.保持稳定 B.一直保持增加的趋势 C.先增加,后减少 D.先减少,后增加
【能力提升·促发展】
29.观察右图，回答问题：
（1）甲图中的[5]主要是由 组织构成的，把两骨牢固地联系在一起；运动时能减少两骨之间摩擦的结构是[ ] 。
（2）乙图中由屈肘到伸肘运动时，必须在 系统的支配下才能完成。
（3）当你用手将食物放入嘴里时，上臂肱二头肌所处的状态是 。
30．如图是一位同学用两片长方形的木板（1、2）、两条松紧带（3、4）和一颗螺丝（5）制作的肌肉牵拉骨运动的模型，请看图回答问题：
（1）图中[1]、[2]相当于______，[3]、[4]相当于______，[5]相当于______。
（2）图中虚线箭头表示[4]的______过程，此时[3]应该处于______状态。
（3）图中[3]、[4]两条松紧带的两端都是分别连在[1]、[2]两块木板上，这表示骨骼肌两端的______绕过______附着在不同的骨上。
（4）如果[5]表示肘关节，则此过程表示______动作。
（5）从这个模型可以看出，人在运动时，要靠______牵拉______，绕______转动完成动作。
（6）以上实例说明任何动作都反映出各种肌群之间的_______关系，也就是说一个动作的完成至少需要______组以上的肌群在______的支配下相互配合，共同完成。
（7）动物的运动器官有许多共同的结构特征。如：①多具有发达的　_ _　，能为运动提供动力；②多具有牢固的支持和附着结构，如昆虫体表的　__ _　，鸟类的龙骨突，人体四肢的骨骼；③多具有便于灵活运动的分支和节点，如蝗虫的足分节，人的四肢有许多　_ ___　。
（8）动物的运动器官与生存环境形成了很好的适应．如大多数鱼类的鳍、鸟类的翼、昆虫的翅,都具有较大的　 __　，有利于划水游泳或扇动空气飞行。
（9）动物的运动对其生存有重要意义。对于各种动物来说，运动都能扩大其活动和生存范围，因而也就增大了其　__ ___　、逃避敌害和繁殖后代的机会。
【学后反思·提困惑】




参考答案
1——28：ADABD BCAAD ACBAD DDACA ACCAC CCC
29.（1）肌肉 2 关节软骨 （2）神经 （3）收缩
30.（1）骨 骨骼肌 关节 （2）收缩 舒张 （3）肌腱 关节 （4）屈肘 （5）骨骼肌 骨 关节
（6）协作 两 神经系统 （7）肌肉 外骨骼 关节 （8）表面积 （9）寻觅食物





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