牛津译林版小学英语语法重点汇总

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牛津译林版小学英语语法重点汇总

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小学英语语法重点
1. 时态注意事项:
现在进行时:必须要有be动词和动词ing形式,缺一不可。now, look, listen,at the moment等都用于现在进行时。
一般现在时:主语是三单的肯定句中,动词用三单形,其余情况用原形。Sometimes, often, usually, always, every …,on +星期(on Sundays), at the weekends等词汇都用于一般现在时。
一般过去时:be动词要用was(am, is)或were(are);助动词要用did。肯定句中的动词要用过去式。Yesterday (morning, afternoon, evening), last~( last night, last week, last month, last year,), just now, a moment ago, (three days ago, a weeks, two months, ten years) ago, this morning等词汇都用于一般过去时。
一般将来时:必须要有be going to或will,后面的动词用原形。tomorrow, soon, this evening,next~(next week, next month)等词汇都用于一般将来时。
2..动词分类:系动词,助动词,情态动词,行为动词(实义动词)
助动词有:do(一般现在时), does(一般现在时,主语为三单)
did(一般过去时), will(一般将来时),have(现在完成时),be(现在进行时)等。
助动词本身无意。
情态动词有can, could, should, must, may, will, would等。
系动词有:be(包括am, is, are, was, were),感官动词(feel感觉,look看起来,smell闻起来,taste尝起来,sound听起来),become变得,turn变得(turn green),get变得(get angry),stay保持(stay safe),keep保持,make使(make me happy)
注:系动词后加形容词
行为动词后加副词
情态动词后的动词用原形。
3.要双写最后一个字母+ing的动词:running, jogging, putting, shopping,
swimming, getting, sitting, planning, stopping, cutting, travelling, chatting
4. 变复数不规则的名词:woman→women, man→men, policeman→policemen,
policewoman→policewomen, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth
5. 单复数相同的名词:people, fish, French, Australian, Chinese, Japanese, sheep等。
6. 变副词不规则的形容词:good → well
7. 形容词副词相同的词:fast, slow, high, late, hard, early, low, far, better, best等。
8. 变过去式不规则的动词:
am, is→was, are→were, do, does→did, have/has→had, can→could,
get→got, become→became, bring→brought, fly→flew, meet→met, sit→sat, see→saw, put→put, lose→lost, find→found, come→came, swim→swam, tell→told, write→wrote, say→said, eat→ate,
teach→taught, put→put, eat→ate, catch→caught, wear→wore,
buy→bought, take→took, drink→drank, run→ran, read→read,
go→went, sing→sang, make→made, give→gave,
bite→bit, wake→woke, let→let, hit→hit, cut→cut, hurt→hurt,
9.加动词原形
can/can’t /could/couldn’t+ 动词原形 should/shouldn’t+动词原形
may+动词原形 Let +宾格+动词原形
must/mustn’t+动词原形 Will/won’t+动词原形
do/does/did+动词原形 help+动词原形
have to+动词原形 Shall we +动词原形
祈使句动词原形开头 had better+ 动词原形
10+to+动词原形
want +to++动词原形 how +to++动词原形
need +to++动词原形 would like +to++动词原形
Would you like + to+动原 be happy +to++动词原形
use… to+动词原形 It’s time +to+动词原形
to +动词原形 tell sb. to+ 动词原形
try to +动词原形 ask sb to + 动词原形
reuse sth. to do sth.
11+动词ing
be+动词ing no+动词ing go+动词ing
like+动词ing love+动词ing start+动词ing
begin++动词ing stop+动词ing how about/What about+动词ing
be good at+动词ing do well in+动词ing
介词+动词ing
不是祈使句,放在句子开头的动词要加ing
12.How about + sth. ? 如: How about an apple?
How about + doing sth. ? 如: How about eating an apple?
What about…? = How about…?
介词(for, about, of, at, in, on ,….. )后面跟动词ing.
Mike is good at running.
What about going fishing?
13.感叹句:
What (a/an) +形容词+名词+主语+谓语!
What an interesting party it is!
How +形容词/副词+主语+谓语
How carefully the boy is writing ! How interesting the party is!
14.形容词用来修饰名词或主格,放在名词前或系动词后;副词用来修饰形容词和副词时,放在前面;修饰行为动词时,放在后面。
a beautiful girl(名词前), She is beautiful.(修饰主格,放系动词后)
very happy run very fast
dance beautifully, read the book carefully.
15.有两者时,用both表示“都”;有三者及三者以上时,用all表示“都”。
如:both you and me 你我都……; all the students 所有学生都……
16.一些动词的固定短语:
use sth to do sth, write sth to sb, wait for sb, show sth to sb=show sb sth, buy sth for sb, give sth to sb, make sth for sb, take sth into/out of sp, pick sth up=pick up sth(若遇代词,只放中间), help sb do sth, move sth away from sp,
start doing sth, catch / bite / make / touch sth with sth, let sb do sth,
be good at doing sth
17.“寻找”要用look for,“找到”要用find;
形容感到兴奋感用“excited”,形容事物令人兴奋用“exciting”;
excitedly副词,用来修饰行为动词,放在动词后(或句尾)
在时间前面用before,在时间后面用after;
在人或物前面用in front of,在人或物后面用behind或at the back of…;
wear指穿着(持续动作),put on指穿上(短暂动作);
bring指带来,take指带走,带去。
18.a few几个(修饰可数名词) a little少量的(修饰不可数名词)
some一些,修饰所有名词(用于肯定句)
any一些,修饰所有名词(用于疑问句和否定句)
many许多(修饰可数名词)many noodles/people/children
much许多(修饰不可数名词)
a lot of= lots of许多(修饰所有名词)
a lot表示程度,一般跟在动词后面修饰动词,后面不加名词。
eat a lot, know a lot, thanks a lot
19.副词here,there,home前没有to
Come here/home, go there/home get there/home
注:get to your home这里的home是名词。
20.祈使句的肯定句:动词原形开头;祈使句的否定句:Don’t + 动词原形。
21.疑问句和否定句中通常用or, 肯定句中通常用and。
22.There be句型(存在有……)
?There are + 复数,There is + 单数或不可数.
?就近原则。
?-Is/Are there …? -Yes, there is/are./ No, there isn’t/aren’t
-Was/Were there…? Yes, there was /were./ No, there wasn’t./weren’t.
What’s + 地点? 是问某地有什么?要用There be句型回答。
There aren’t any … = There are no … (复数)
There isn’t a/any… = There is no … (单数/不可数)
23.some用于肯定句;any用于否定句和一般疑问句,征求意见及期望肯定回答的一般疑问句中,some不需要改成any。如:Would you like some juice? Do you want some cakes?
24. how many + 可数名词复数,how much+ 不可数名词
25.人称代词
单数
复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
you
them
形容词性物主代词
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
注:主格在句中作 主语 ,一般放在 句首 。(疑问句除外)
宾格在句中作 宾语 ,一般放在 动词和介词的后面 。
形容词性物主代词用来修饰 名词 ,放在名词的 前面 。
26.形容词:safe (安全的) keep safe, stay safe, be(am,is are, was were) safe,
名词:safety (安全) road safety, food safety, Safety is first.
副词:safely(安全地) cross the road safely. Walk safely, drive safely,
27.在具体某一天,用介词on, 如:on Sunday, on Wednesday morning.
在一段时间,用介词in, 如:in the morning, in the afternoon
在某个时间点,用介词at, 如:at seven o’clock, at half past six.
在具体的某月某日,用介词on,如:on the third of April, on the morning of June 26th.
只有月份和季节时,用介词in, 如:in June,in summer.
问句里有“When”,答句里有“on”;问日期用“What date”,或问星期用“What day”答句不要“on”。
表达在某个节日时,有“Day或Eve”用on, 没有用at.
28.be + 天气类形容词(sunny, cloudy, windy, rainy, snowy, foggy ------特征:以y结尾)
It’s rainy today. The weather became windy and cloudy.
没有be 就用动词 :It rained heavily yesterday. It rains a lot
区别:rain (动词,下雨)
It rained yesterday. 昨天下雨了
rain (不可数名词,雨水) There is a lot of rain in summer here.这儿的夏天有大量的雨水。
rainy(形容词,多雨的,雨天) it is rainy today. 今天是雨天。
29.区别:look out 小心提防(提醒别人,作为固定词组单独使用) Look out, the floor is wet.
look out for…小心提防…(后面需要跟小心提防什么事物) Look out for cars and bikes.
look out of…朝窗外看(朝…..外看,通常跟窗子,门搭配).Look out of the window, it’s raining.
30.cross,across和through的用法
cross是动词,表横穿。cross the road
aross是介词,表横穿。walk across the road
through是介词,表从内部整体穿过。walk through the city
31.特殊疑问词
what
什么
问地点
what time
几点
问试卷(具体几点)
what colour
什么颜色
问颜色
what/how about
怎么样
征求意见
what day
星期几
问星期
what date
几月几号
问日期
what subject
什么学科
问学科
when
什么时候
问时间
which
哪一个
问选择
who

问人
whose
谁的
问所属
where
哪里
问地点
why
为什么
问原因
how
怎样
问身体,方式和方法
how many
多少
问可数名词数量
how much
多少(钱)
问不可数名词数量,价格
how old
多大
问年龄
how long
多久
问一段时间
32. care about (关心,在乎) 关心牙齿,在乎身体 强调内心的情感)
take care of (爱护,照顾) = look after 照顾小孩,病人 (强调工作或任务)
read about (看,读到关于…….书) find out about (找出,弄清关于……内容)
learn about (学习关于…..知识) talk about (谈论…..事情)
one day 一天 ,that day 那天 (表示过去) this morning 今天上午 (表示过去)
some day 某天,(表示将来) this afternoon ,this evening (表示将来)
33.V. sb. sth.=V. sth. to sb.
(1). show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物/向某人展示某物
show me your new clothes=show your new clothes to me 为我看你的新衣服
(2). give sb. sth. =give sth. to sb. 给某人某物/把某物给某人
give him a book = give a book to him 给他一本书/把一本书给他
(3). send an email to her = send her an email 给她发封邮件/发封邮件给她
(4). write letters to them = write them letters 给他们写信/写信给他们
34.would like + to +动词原形 = want + to +动词原形
回答would like to的一般疑问句: Yes, I’d love to.
Would like + sth.(不加to) = want + sth.(不加to)
35.不可数名词:
(1)液体类:milk, juice, coffee, cola, tea, oil, water, rain, porridge
(2) 难数的:hair, paper, bread, meat, fish, rice, coal,
(3)抽象类(或总称):energy, plastic, wood, food, fruit, cereal ,rubbish, sweet food
单数用is, 过去用was.
36.总是以复数形式出现的名词。
(1)食品类:vegetables, noodles, sweets,
(2) 特殊类: people, fish(活鱼的复数),
(3) 成双成对类:shoes, jeans, trousers, socks, gloves, chopsticks, glasses,
37.不定代词(不确定是谁的代词)someone某人, anyone任何人, something某事 ,anything,任何事 Somebody 某人,anybody 任何人,no one /no body 没人,nothing 没事,
everything 每件事,everyone每个人(这些词都不确定是什么,所以看成单数,后面跟is或was.)
38.Why don’t you/we + 动词原形? 你/你们/我们为什么不干某事呢?
Why don’t we make one? 我们为什么不做一个呢? (5A Unit9)
Why don’t you = Why not + 动词原形
39.
介词短语 动词短语
步行 on foot walk I go to school on foot. I walk to school
乘公交车 by bus take a bus I go home by bus. I take a bus home.
骑自行车 by bike ride a bike
乘地铁 by metro take a metro
乘出租车 by taxi take a taxi
乘飞机 by plane take a plane
乘小汽车 by car take a car
乘轮船 by ship take a ship
40. 动词加介词的组合: pick up(捡起), wake up(吵醒), put on(穿上)
(1)东西的具体名称放在最后多也可以放中间: pick up the pens. Wake the lion up. Put on the coat try on the shoes
(2) 代词必须放中间:pick them up, wake him up. put it on. try them on
41. 两个名词并列时,复数往往加在后面一个名词上,如:some apple trees.
42. the的用法
(1). 球类前面不加the play football/table tennis 踢足球/打乒乓球
(2). 月份前面不加the in January/February 在一月/在二月
(3). 乐器前面加the play the piano/guitar 弹钢琴/吉他
(4). 四个传统节日加the
Spring Festival 春节 Dragon Boat Festival 端午节
Mid-Autumn Festival 中秋节 Double Ninth Festival 重阳节
(5). holiday 前加the
the National Day holiday 国庆节 (on holiday 度假中,没有the )
(6). 景点前加the
the Bund (上海)外滩 the Shanghai Museum 上海博物馆
the Great Wall 长城 the Palace Museum 故宫
the Summer Palace颐和园 (Tian’anmen Square 前面不加the)
(7). 序数词前加the :on the second floor 在二楼 the third girl第三个女孩
日期: the +序数词+of +月份
注:当有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格时,不加the。my 12th birthday
(8). 其他: the next day 第二天
43.with的用法
1、和……一起。 go to school with Mike
2、用。eat with chopsticks
3、具有(人体部位)with big eyes, the girl with long hair
4、具有。meat with potatoes, the cake with chocolate
44.in 的用法
(1). 在…里(表方位)
in the forest 在森林里 in the playground 在操场上
in the tree 在树上(指短暂停留在树上的) on the tree 在树上(指自然生长在树上)
(2). 时间
in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上(泛指)
in May / June 在五月/六月 in three days 三天内 in the future 在将来/未来
(3). 介词的穿戴
in a white shirt in blue in a nice watch带着一个漂亮的手表
(4)其它
in a healthy diet 在健康的饮食 in your meals 在你的餐点中
go in 进入 in front of 在…前面(方位上的) in front of the house 房子前面
45.on的用法
1. 某一天前用on
1) on Monday/Tuesday/Wednesday/Thursday 在周一/周二/周三/周四
2) on the second of March 在三月二日
3) on Mother’s Day 在母亲节
4) on your birthday 在你生日
2. 某一天的早中晚
on Friday morning在周五早上 on the evening of May 1st在5月1日晚上
on Sunday evening在周日晚上 on Chinese New Year’s Eve 在除夕夜
3. 其它
on your left/right 在你左边/右边 put on 穿上(take off 脱下)
put on a play 上演/表演一出戏 try on 试穿 get on 上车(get off下车)
from then on 从那时起 go on 继续(go well 进展顺利)
4. 在…上
46.at的用法
(1).时间
at eleven (o’clock) 在十一点 at night 在夜里 at weekends 在周末
at a time 一次 at Christmas 在圣诞节 at Chinese New Year 在中国新年
at this festival 在这个节日 at first 起先,最初 at last 最后
(2). 地点
at school 在学校 at home 在家 at Mike’s house 在麦克家
at the party 在派对 at a snack bar 在小吃店 at a shopping centre 在购物中心
at Park Station 在公园站 at the train station 在火车站 at the bus stop在公交车站
at the traffic lights 在交通信号灯处 at the school gate 在校门口
(3). 其它
point at…指着,指向 point at the king 指着国王
laugh at 笑,大笑(laughed过去式) laugh at me 笑我
shout at 朝……喊 shout at that old man 朝那个老人喊
47.电话用语中,你(对方)用that,我(自己)用this。
? 你是谁? Who’s that (speaking)?
? 我能和XXX说话吗? May I speak to XXX?
? 我是XXX。 This is XXX (speaking).
48(1)学科类名词:Art, PE, English, Maths, Chinese, Music, Science, Social Science,
后面直接跟lesson. 如:an Art lesson, an English lesson, a Maths lesson, a Science lesson.
喜欢什么课程(subject) I like Art, I like Music, I like Science. I like English.
(2),但有些动词要先加上ing 变成名词,再加lesson 表示课程。
如:dancing lesson, cooking lesson, singing lesson, painting lesson. Cooking school, dancing shoes.
We are having an dancing lesson. He will go to cooking school. She will have painting lessons.
六年级毕业复习资料(四)——文化板块
五年级文化常识
Coffee is popular in western countries. Tea is popular in China.
咖啡在西方国家很流行。茶在中国很流行。
2、In the UK, this is the ground floor. In the US, this is the first floor.
在英国,一楼是 the ground floor,二楼才是 the first floor.
在美国,一楼是 the first floor.
You can see pandas in China. You can see bald eagles in the US.
You can see polar bears in Canada. You can see kangaroos in Australia.
你可以在中国看见熊猫。你可以在美国看见白头秃鹰。你可以在加拿大看见北极熊。 你可以在澳大利亚看见袋鼠
4、In the US, we call a policeman a “cop”. In the UK, we call a firefighter a “fireman”在美国,我们叫警察为“cop”. 在英国,我们叫消防员为“fireman”
5、We write Chinese addresses like this . We write English addresses like this.
6、Basketball is very popular in the US. Football is very popular in the UK. Table tennis is very popular in China.
篮球在美国和流行。足球在英国很流行。乒乓球在中国很流行。
7、I like reading fairy tables. I like reading stories about the monkey King and Nezha.
我喜欢读童话故事。我喜欢读美猴王和哪吒的故事。
8、In the UK, we ask “Where’s the toilet?” In the US, we ask “Where’s the restroom?”
在英国,我们问“厕所(toilet)在哪里?”在美国,我们问“洗手间(restroom)在哪里?”
9、You have a fever .Your temperature is 102??F. 102? It’s 39??C.
你发烧了,你的温度是102华氏度,39摄氏度。
10、I eat with chopsticks. I eat with a knife and fork.
杨玲说:我用筷子吃。 麦克说:我用刀叉吃。
11、Halloween is on the thirty-first of October. Children usually dress up. They knock on people’s doors and shout “Trick or treat” for sweets.
万圣节是在10月31日。孩子们通常乔装打扮。他们敲人们的门,并大声喊叫“不给糖就使坏”
12、People in the west usually open their presents as soon as they receive them
在西方国家的人们通常一收到礼物就把他们打开。
六年级文化常识
An American cowboy wears jeans. A Scottish man wears kilts. 美国牛仔穿牛仔裤。苏格兰男人穿苏格兰格尼裙。(这是他们有特色的民族服装)
There are three main school holidays in the UK. They are the Easter holiday, the summer holiday and the Christmas holiday. 在英国有三个主要的学校假期,他们是复活节(在每年春分3月21日月圆之后第一个星期日)假期,暑假和圣诞节假期(12.25)。
Halloween is on the thirty-first of October. 万圣节在10月31日,为西方的鬼节。人们wear masks, make pumpkin lanterns, play a game called “trick or treat”(不招待就使坏)。
The Americans invented the aeroplane. The British invented the train. 美国人发明了滑翔机,英国人发明了火车。
In the UK, people call the metro “underground”. 在英国,人们把地铁称为“underground”。
In the US, people call the metro “subway”. 在美国,人们把地铁称为“subway”。
Earth Day is on 22nd April. World Environment Day is on 5th June. 地球日在4月22日。世界环境日在6月5日。
Christmas is the most important holiday in the UK. 圣诞节是英国最重要的假期。(其实,西方国家最重要的节日一般都是圣诞节)Chinese New Year is the most important festival in China. We also call it “Spring Festival”.中国农历新年是中国最重要的假期。我们也把它叫做春节。(New Year. 新年 Happy New Year. 元旦快乐。 Chinese New Year中国农历新年,春节 Chinese New Year’s Day 大年初一 Chinese New Year’s Eve除夕)
Thanksgiving is a very important holiday in the US. 感恩节是美国一个重要的假期。
This is Aesop’s Fables. You can find many animal stories in it. 这是一本《伊索寓言》。你可以在里面找到许多动物故事。
This is a Chinese idiom book. You can also find many animal stories in it. 这是一本中国成语书。你可以在它里面找到许多动物故事。
Chinese people often have some porridge and steamed buns for breakfast. 中国人经常早饭喝粥,吃包子。
Western people often have cereal, bread, eggs and sausages for breakfast. 西方人经常喝麦片,吃面包、鸡蛋和香肠当早餐。
In the UK, people drive on the left side of the road. 在英国,人们靠左行驶。In China, except Hong Kong and Macau, people drive on the right side of the road. 在中国,除了香港和澳门,人们都是靠右行驶。
When you go to a Western party, you should take a gift. Do not arrive too early. You can be a few minutes late.
当你去参加一个西方的聚会时,你应该带一个礼物。不要到得太早。你可以晚到几分钟。
You’ll find the Great Wall in China. 你将在中国找到长城。
You’ll find Yellowstone National Park in the US. 你将在美国找到黄石国家公园。You’ll find Stonehenge in the UK. 你将在英国找到巨石阵。
You’ll find the Great Barrier Reef in Australia. 你将在澳大利亚找到大堡礁。
You’ll find Uluru in Australia. 你可以在澳大利亚找到乌鲁鲁巨石。
You’ll find the Grand Canyon in the US. 你可以在美国找到大峡谷。
You’ll find Buckingham Palace in the UK. 你可以在英国找到伯明翰宫。
You’ll find Niagara Falls in Canada. 你可以在加拿大找到尼亚加拉大瀑布。
You’ll find the Big Ben, the Tower Bridge and the London Eye in London. 你会在伦敦找到大本钟,伦敦塔桥和伦敦眼。
You’ll find the White House in the US. 你会在美国找到白宫。
英国国旗the UK/ England, 英国人British, 英国的English, 英格兰England, 英语English
美国国旗 the US/the USA/ America, 美国人American(s), 美国的American, 英语English
日本国旗 Japan, 日本人Japanese, 日本的Japanese, 日语Japanese
澳大利亚国旗Australia, 澳大利亚人Australian(s), 澳大利亚的Australian, 英语English
法国国旗France, 法国人Frenchman(Frenchmen), 法国的French, 法语French
中国China, 中国人Chinese, 中国的Chinese, 汉语Chinese.
Sunday is the first day of a week. Saturday is the last day of a week. 星期日是一周的第一天。星期六是一周的最后一天。

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