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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(任务型阅读题)高考冲刺专练
写在前面的话
任务型阅读虽然在江苏高考英语中仅仅占了10分，也是全卷占分比最小的一道题，但偏偏就是这道题
卡住了大多数考生，遭到了不少考生的吐槽。据有关方面披露，这道题的省均分每年都在4分左右，可见
其难度有多大。然而，不管有多难，我们考生都要克服畏难情绪，力争攻克这道难题，获得比较理想分
数。基于此本专题将为你排忧解难。
题组一
(转换表达)
1.A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.
→However, thinking of your friends’ possible fun, you begin to have _________ about your original decision, which makes you _________.
2.A person can feel pleasure without any effort, but it is impossible to enjoy a tennis game, a book, or a conversation unless attention is fully concentrated on the activity.
→Pleasure requires no effort while enjoyment can never be achieved without the investment of the full _________ of attention.
3.When your brain is in this relaxed state, it is more open to creative thoughts.
→We can think clearly and _________ in a relaxed state.
4.So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude.
→Be _________ for what you have now.
5.At the most basic level, video conferencing technology can be used by medical experts to discuss case experiences with colleagues across large distances.
→Medical experts can have a(n)_________ about case experiences using such a technology.
6.Considering that meetings between high-ranking officials tend to be confidential, it may not be used that much.
→Video conferencing may be _________ as to meetings between senior officials.
7.When this happens, you become more capable of staying calm and centered in stressful situations.
→You’ll find inner _________ and focus on your task in a stressful situation.
8.Those who participate in extreme sports are able to turn their fears into positive experiences.
→You will _________ respond to your fears after succeeding in doing extreme sports.
9.Something cost-effective like going to your local museum or visiting the resort in the next city can all count as travelling!
→Visiting local museum or the resort nearby can also be an _________ way to enjoy travelling.
10.When you embrace an extreme sport, you will build up different muscles of your body, and this will be a positive thing for your health.
→You can _________ different muscles of your body and change your health for the _________.
11.Besides, the human ability to catch nuances in voices may have offered a strong evolutionary advantage to our ancestors, which helped ensure survival.
→The ability to listen was an important reason why our ancestors were able to _________.
12.What’s more, avoiding emotional experiences damages your relationships.
→Avoiding emotional experiences will be _________ to your relationships with others.
13.Michael:There’s no use learning something if you don’t remember it.
→Michael: take notes to keep new words and grammar in _________.
14.Matthew:I’m going to look for the patterns and similarities with languages I already know.
→Matthew: try to _________ similar words and patterns with familiar languages
15.Emotions are the foundation of your ability to understand yourself and relate to others.
→Emotions lay the foundations for having a better _________ of yourself and others.
16.When you are aware of your emotions, you can manage stress and communicate well with others.
→Emotional awareness helps you manage stress, strengthen your _________ with others and improve your interpersonal relationships.
17.Few of us keep old e-mails or even print them out, so a sense of history and memory is lost.
→The temporariness of modern technology tends to give _________ to the loss of some history and memory
18.The goal of memory is not the transmission of information through time. Rather, the goal of memory is to help improve decision-making.
→People take advantage of memory to make good decisions rather than _________ information.
19.To make better use of delayed gratification, first of all you have to be clear about the dilemma in front of you, which will help you assess whether your challenge is really worth it.
→Understand the difficult situation you’re faced with so that you can make a(n)_________ of the value of your challenge.
20.There are huge numbers of mouths to feed, and mass production leads to the purchase of poultry and the related items.
→Factory farming produces more food to feed a large _________.
21.Since the items aren’t priced too high for consumers to afford, people appreciate buying them in a large number.
→The items produced through factory farming are _________ for ordinary consumers.
22.Factory farming is a type of farming that involves raising a huge number of livestock(牲畜)in comparatively tinier enclosed spaces.
→Factory farming refers to raising so many farm animals in a _________ space to meet the requirements of people’s daily life.
23.The purchase rate is higher and despite being reasonably priced, the produce fetches a profit for the farms.
→The higher purchase rate makes factory farming _________, in the spite of reasonable price.
24.Since the procedure is not natural, the end products could be of poor quality.
→The animals aren’t _________ brought up, so the quality of the end products could not be good enough.
25….and drugs, and the bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics, which is why many diseases remain untreated.
→Antibiotics are injected into the animals, which makes bacteria _________ to drugs and leaves many diseases untreated.
26.Just as team members today have assigned doing roles, there should also be thinking roles.
→Both assigned doing roles and thinking roles are _________ important among team members.
27.It’s less of trouble to make sure your customers’ needs.
→A smaller sample of customers makes it easy to _________ customers’ needs.
28.All in all, the disappearance of deep reading would harm the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online.
→Without deep reading, generations in this digital world can’t develop well in emotion and _________.
29.People want to see the independent businesses that offer unique products and flavor to their communities.
→Small businesses can offer something _________ the ordinary to their communities.
30.A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less satisfying.
→Compared with online reading, deep reading can bring readers more _________.
31.Older people who suffer health problems still say they are OK.
→Older people _________ health problems feel good about themselves.
32.Let your friends know your ideas, and you needn’t force them to follow the ideas.
→You can let your friends know your ideas without _________ them to follow the ideas.
33.Some researchers have made a survey in which 200 housewives were involved, finding that they have greater ambitions for career.
→Some researchers have made a survey _________ 200 housewives and found that they still want to work.
34.Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are.
→It is also misunderstood that how happy we are is _________ by our genetics, environment or a combination of the two.
35.There are signs telling you not to smoke, but people ignore them.
→_________ there are signs telling you not to smoke, people ignore them.
→_________ the fact that signs tell you not to smoke, people ignore them.
36.In order to know your level of emotional awareness, ask yourself the following questions. If you answer no, you may need to work on raising your emotional awareness.
→Through answering some related questions, you can know _________ you need to raise your emotional awareness.
37.The manner of giving is worth more than the gift.
→_________ a gift is given is more important than the gift itself.
38.We can only see what we’re really capable of if we make the effort to go over our pre-conceived limits.
→The realization of our pre-conceived limits can help us make out _________ our capability lies.
39.A good way to identify your orientation is thinking about what tends to bother you in meetings.
→The next stop is to identify _________ your orientation swings toward the big picture or the details.
40.Raising your emotional awareness begins with managing stress.
→Managing stress is the _________ thing you should do to raise your emotional awareness.
题组二
(根据表格概括表达)
1
(72) ▲ of the two classes ◆News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual(73) ▲ .?◆Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and(74) ▲ similar feelings with those involved.?
◆News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75) ▲ to them.?◆News of delayed reward will induce the reader to(76) ▲ for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to(77) ▲ from the reality.?
2
The changing(73) ▲ to belonging ◆Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century (74) ▲ that people had the need to belong.◆Experts later came to realize that people, regardless of their age, needed(75) ▲ to enjoy full and healthy lives.
3
Possible(76) ▲ of electronic payments ◆Some people are(77) ▲ whether electronic payments can still be effective during times when the power goes off.◆There are(78) ▲ that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks.◆It is possible that electronic dealings can be(79) ▲ and reported for illegal use.
4
(72) ▲ of narcissism in divided types ◆A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness.◆A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated(73)________.◆A narcissist is often cold and likely to(74)________ care in emotion towards others.
◆Vulnerable narcissism is more(75)________ than grandiose narcissism.◆A narcissist isn’t actually confident though in his opinion he(76)________ special things.
◆Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life.
5
The(71) ▲ of emotions ◆Emotions lay the foundations for having a better(72) ▲ of yourself and others.◆Emotional awareness helps you manage stress, strengthen your (73) ▲ with others and improve your interpersonal relationships.
6
The current(71) ▲ of handwriting ◆Students(72) ▲ to computers to complete their homework◆With little practice, students have(73) ▲ writing.◆We seldom write letters even to people we are close to.
7
▲ Chronic?disorganization(慢性失序症)means that the person has a habit of being disorganized in life and business over a long period.
8
(71) ▲ to a new theory A new theory argues that doing Yoga(72) ▲ can keep people healthy while medicine might do(73) ▲ to people’s health.
9
(73) ▲ of stress ◆You have(74) ▲ blood pressure.◆Your heart(75) ▲ faster.◆You become sleepless.◆Your breath and muscles are abnormal.
10
The(75) ▲ to learning the language Alex: give(76) ▲ to commonly used verbs; add some(77) ▲ to make sentences
Luca: attach great(78) ▲ to speaking; don’t be afraid to make mistakes
Michael: take notes to keep new words and grammar in(79) ▲
Matthew: try to(80) ▲ similar words and patterns with familiar languages
题组三
(根据原文概括表达)
1.For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that global warming is real, that humans cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.
→It is human beings that are to blame for the real global warming and should _________ for what they have done.
2.While a growing number of people understand that climate change will have significant worldwide consequences, many Americans have an intuitive(直觉的)belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment.
→Many Americans are wildly _________ about their ability to a changed environment.
3.In workplaces and families across the world, people tend to communicate on the Internet. We send endless emails; we video chat rather than travel across the town to meet. Actually, sitting down and interacting with someone in person can seem like a rare luxury nowadays.
→Nowadays online communication has gained great _________, which dramatically _________ real-life
interactions. In such a situation, can we still connect and empathize with others?
4.Kraus conducted three experiments to arrive at the conclusion. In all these experiments, the participants gave the best performance when they only heard peoples voices
→The new study was _________ on three experiments, which suggested that the participants were most _________ in detecting people’s emotions when they only heard their voices.
5.One study on babies, cries suggested that parents with more musical training were better at distinguishing cries of distress from other types of cries.
→According to a study on babies’ cries, musical training is a _________ to better ability to listen for empathy.
6.Another key to raising emotional awareness is practice.和The more consistently you practice, the greater changes you’ll experience in what you feel, think, and so.
→_________ on practicing and you will experience changes in your emotional awareness.
7.When we forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs, our brain is making a choice that these details do not matter.
→After _________ the information it gets, the brain chooses to focus on the key points, occasionally forgetting unimportant past details.
8.My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos.
→I feel lucky to do something challenging at Microsoft, and I have a sense of _________ when we present people something new.
9.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness—to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own.
→Computers are the most incredible tool, and there is no _________ in terms of problem solving.
10.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.
→Computers are transforming how we learn, _________ our horizons wherever we are.
题组四
About Nutritional Supplementation(补充)
Today, we know that the role of vitamins and minerals goes way beyond the prevention of deficiency diseases(维生素缺乏症)to actually preventing cancer and heart disease, the most fearsome killers of our time. With this knowledge has come the widespread call for nutritional supplementation—and a confusing group of vitamin, mineral, and supplements lining the supermarket shelves.
Far from contributing to better health, however, nutritional supplements threaten to turn a scientific breakthrough into a nutritional disaster.
Promoters of vitamins and minerals—especially Vitamins A, C, and E—would have consumers believe that the little vitamin pill in the bottle is all they need for good health. Take your vitamins in the morning, and you’re covered. It’s okay to eat fast foods for the rest of the day or skip meals to achieve today’s fashionably skinny look. But vitamins and minerals are only one part of the nutritional puzzle. A diet rich in fiber(纤维)and balanced in carbohydrates and protein is essential for good health. You can’t get these things from a nutritional supplement. The focus on vitamin and mineral supplements may actually be robbing us of the full nutrition we seek.
And no supplement can compare to the quality of nutrition found in natural sources. For example, our bodies turn carotenes(胡萝卜素)from plant foods into Vitamin A. Many supplements contain a single carotene, but natural sources are rich in many different carotenes. Many supplements contain a form of Vitamin E that is made from chemicals, when natural Vitamin E is more readily absorbed and used by the body. And science is still discovering the wealth of nutrients in foods.
But perhaps the greatest danger presented by nutritional supplements comes from the very real risks presented by self medication. Anyone can walk into the market and buy as many different supplements as desired. The reported benefits of high dosages of certain nutrients have led some people to believe that the more the better. Many take several vitamin and mineral supplements without regard to possible consequences.
A surprising new research suggests that Vitamin C pills may speed up hardening of the arteries, the underlying cause of heart attacks. Researchers said their findings support the recommendations of health organizations, which urge people to avoid high doses of supplements and to get their nutrients from food instead.
As appealing as they’re made to sound, nutritional supplements are danger in disguise. If you’re looking for good health, don’t look on the supplement shelves of your supermarket. Look in the produce section instead.
About Nutritional Supplementation
Introduction Vitamins and minerals can prevent cancer and heart disease, which is outside the (71) ▲ of preventing deficiency diseases, so they are (72) ▲ widely, but actually nutritional supplements never contributes to better health (73) ▲ a nutritional disaster.
Wrong understanding ●(74) ▲ your vitamins every morning, you are covered.●The (75) ▲ people take nutritional supplements, the better their health is.
Proper understanding ●Vitamins and minerals are only one part of the nutrition and can’t (76) ▲ a diet rich in fiber and balanced in carbohydrates and protein.●Supplement can’t be (77) ▲ than the quality of nutrition found in natural sources.●Get the nutrients from food (78) ▲ than from high doses of supplements.
(79) ▲ In order to be (80) ▲ , look in the produce section in the supermarket.
题组五
It’s Dangerous to Wear Sleep Deprivation as a Badge of Honor
Being over-tired doesn’t feel good. Sleep deprivation comes with a cranky malaise, yet most of us continue to behave as if it’s no big deal that we are often exhausted. In fact, many of us wear our sleep deprivation as a badge of honor. We glamorize our ability to pull all-nighters and burn the candle at both ends because we are a nation built on the notion that if you snooze you lose—or, as the late Warren Zevon put it, I’ll sleep when I’m dead. We look at sleep as a barrier to success, fun, and self-fulfillment, even though sleep deprivation is physiologically and psychologically dangerous. It’s time to face up to the risks associated with our culture of sleep deprivation.
Most of us are familiar with the first signs of sleep deprivation, such as feeling irritable, having difficulty concentrating, and suffering from fatigue. Instead of resting, though, we drink another cup of coffee and power through.
Unfortunately, the cumulative impact of sleep deprivation is more dangerous than generally acknowledged. A body of sleep research shows that lack of sleep can be responsible for depression, anxiety, stress, and panic attacks, as well as a myriad of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, migraines, increased risk for cancer, strokes, and dementia.
The belief that sleep is a barrier to self-development runs deep in our culture. Dale Carnegie, the father of self-improvement, wrote in the 1930s, “If you can’t sleep, then get up and do something instead of lying there and worrying. It’s the worry that gets you, not the lack of sleep.” But there’s a hitch. FOMO can lead to poor decision making and illness.
One of the greatest barriers to combating our culture of sleep deprivation is the long-held notion that success is linked to burning the midnight oil. Shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis quipped, “If you sleep three hours less each night for a year, you will have an extra month and a half to succeed in.”
But equating lack of sleep with productivity is a slippery slope. Yes, more hours awake may equal more output at the start, but over the long term, there are significant risks to your own health and others. For example, Barnes and Hollenbeck examined the impact of sleep deprivation on work teams and found a host of negative effects, including a reduced ability to process information, learn, and perform new tasks.
The bravado of workaholics is undermined by research. In fact, some of the worst accidents in history, including the Chernobyl and Three-Mile Island nuclear disasters, were caused by team error between the hours of 2－4 a.m., a time when people are especially likely to be sleep deprived. Similarly, loss of human life on highways and railways, in the air, and in our hospitals have been linked to human exhaustion. Instead of clapping employees on the back for working overtime, it’s time for employers to encourage them to go home and get some rest at the end of their shifts. There’s no reason to wear sleep deprivation like a badge of honor. Sleep doesn’t make us miss out or get left behind. Quite the opposite: being well-rested allows us to live richly and experience all that life has to offer.
Current (71) ▲ (72) ▲ the fact that sleep deprivation comes with a bad temper, the majority of people still think it no big deal that we are burnt out. (73) ▲ , many of us consider it as a badge of honor.
(74) ▲ for sleep deprivation The concept that sleep is a barrier to success and success is built on staying up runs deep in our culture.
(75) ▲ of sleepdeprivation on us ●A large quantity of research indicates that lack of sleep can bring about many health problems, (76) ▲ and physically.●Working overtime may equal more output at the beginning, but in the long run, it will (77) ▲ to a low productivity and a reduced ability.
(78) ▲ It’s dangerous to wear sleep deprivation as a badge of honor. On the(79) ▲ , a good sleep enables us to lead a (80) ▲ life.
题组六
Unless you are like Nasty Gal’s founder Sophia Amoruso, the passwords you use to access your email and the endless other accounts you need for work aren’t filled with intention. With increasing security requirements, it’s likely your word/number combinations are becoming even less memorable. But new research suggests it may not be long before you won’t need to memorize passwords.
“Brainprint”, published in Neurocomputing, reveals that the brain’s reaction to certain words could be a unique identifying code—like a fingerprint—that could eventually replace passwords.
In a small experiment, the researchers measured the brains’ signals of 45 volunteers as they read through a list of 75 acronyms such as FBI and DVD. The word-recognition response differed so much between each participant that a second experiment using a computer program could identify each one with 94% accuracy.
It’s not enough to feel totally secure, but promising enough to hint at the future of securing sensitive information.
The advantage of using such a biometric system(生物识别系统)is that it can be used for continuous verification(验证), New Scientist points out. Passwords or fingerprints only provide a tool for one-off identification. Continuous verification could in theory allow someone to interact with many computer systems at the same time or even with a variety of intelligent objects, without having to repeatedly enter passwords for each device.
As Hollywood has illustrated, it’s simply a matter of cutting off a finger to steal that person’s identity. “Brainprints, on the other hand, are potentially cancellable, ” said Sarah Laszlo, assistant professor of psychology and linguistics at Binghamton University and co-author of the study, “So, in the unlikely event that an attacker was actually able to steal a brainprint from an authorized user, the authorized user could then ‘reset’ their brainprint.”
Until now, brain signals have been a challenge to understand. This experiment leaped over the obstacle by focusing on the brainwaves from the specific area that reads and recognizes words. The signal is therefore clearer and easier to measure.
The problem, so far, is that the brain signal is still not as accurate as scanning someone’s fingerprint, and initially requires sticking diodes(二极管)on your head in order to get a read. That’s OK, according to Zhanpeng Jin, assistant professor at Binghamton University and co-author of the study, because brainprint isn’t going to be mass-produced any time soon. He says the researchers foresee its use at places such as the Pentagon, where the number of authorized users is small, and they don’t need to be continuously verified the way you do to access your mobile device or email.
Better keep your memory sharp, at least a little while longer.
Present situation Chances are that your passwords are becoming more (71) ▲ to remember.
One experiment A small experiment shows that the word-recognition response differed a great deal between each participant, virtually (72) ▲ brainprint a promising future.
(73) ▲ of using such system ●You can use it to (74) ▲ the device continuously without having to repeatedly enter passwords.●The authorized user could “reset” their brainprint in the face of (75) ▲ because brainprints are potentially cancellable. ●Brain signals are now clearer and easier to measure by focusing on the brainwaves from the specific area.
(76) ▲ of using such system The brain signal is (77) ▲ accurate than scanning someone’s fingerprint. But that’s OK because brainprint is only going to be used on a small (78) ▲ , such as at places like the Pentagon.
Conclusions ●Maybe there is no need for you to memorize passwords in the near future as brainprint—like a fingerprint—could eventually take the (79) ▲ of passwords.●It is (80) ▲ to keep your memory sharp at least for a short period of time!
题组七
Why is it that Christmas can often be a let-down? We plan for it months ahead with great enthusiasm, but when it arrives, it often leaves us cold.
The reason can be explained, I believe, quite easily. It is because we put our own pleasure at the very heart of it. We plan in great detail what we will eat, drink and do. But the pleasure that we receive from all these things doesn’t last long. The show turns out to be a bit predictable. The Christmas fair proves a bit bland(温和的), while the drink fails to be as special as we had expected. We may put great thought into the presents we are going to give others, but we feel that the presents we receive don’t have the same thoughtfulness.
For millions across the country, Christmas is even worse than this. It will be a time of almost unbearable loneliness. People long for the company and affection of loved ones, but for whatever reason they find themselves feeling depressed, whether they are on their own or in big gatherings.
Help is very much at hand, the solution completely straightforward. We need to place other people, not ourselves, at the heart of our entire Christmas experience. The old proverb says it all: if you want to feel good, do good. Best recipe of all: spend part of the Christmas period volunteering. Every town, village and city offers a host of opportunities. Crisis, the UK charity for homeless people, founded in 1967, has a series of homeless shelters which need volunteers. So popular is it that some of the shelters become oversubscribed quite early. Volunteers regularly describe how they might arrive at the shelter feeling low and apprehensive but leave with their hearts singing and their whole outlook on life transformed.
Young people can become inducted into the habits of lifelong volunteering if they have positive experiences of doing it when still at school age. The I Will campaign was launched two years ago by Prince Charles. It aims to have 60% of young people volunteering by 2020. It has already made an enormous difference, with schools which back the campaign reporting much better atmospheres and attitudes to academic work and employers saying that they readily seek to take on young people who have acted as volunteers because they prove such good employees.
The message is very clear. Self-indulgence(沉溺)will not make for a happy Christmas. But do some volunteering and caring for others and you will find that your Christmas lunch will taste better than ever.
Passage outline Supporting details
Facts about Christmas celebrations Despite our enthusiastic planning in (71) ▲ , Christmas often disappoints us.●The pleasure we receive from our preparations is (72) ▲ .●The entertainment concerning Christmas fails to live up to our (73) ▲ .●The presents we receive (74) ▲ the same thoughtfulness as we do to our presents.●People feel (75) ▲ in the absence of company and affection of loved ones.
Solution Instead of being (76) ▲ , we need to place other people at the heart of our entire Christmas experience.
Tips and outcomes Spend part of the Christmas period volunteering and it brings positive changes to those involved.●Volunteers experience a (77) ▲ in their outlook on life.●The atmospheres and attitudes to academic work in the schools backing the campaign take a (78) ▲ for the better.●Students are more likely to be (79) ▲ for their volunteering experiences.
Conclusion Through volunteering and caring, we can make a (80) ▲ to Christmas.
题组八
k and slumping(瘫倒)down at your desk or place of work with no energy and motivation. Research has found there is an ideal structure to your day that creates best results and also the flexibility you wish for. The problem with your current tradition of working is that it forces you to work when your brain isn’t motivated. Traditionally you have a long day to get your work done and your brain needs to be in the relaxation mode all day, but more often it’s hard for you to focus on one thing all the way.
According to the research, the best way to achieve best work productivity is to focus on the first 3 hours of your day. This is the best time—straight after sleep when your willpower and self-control is at the maximum.
How often have you dragged yourself to work and headed straight for the coffee machine because you can’t possibly function until you drink up at least your third cup of coffee? This is where you’re potentially going wrong—the first 3 hours of your day will eventually make you or break you. It’s during this period that you can make the most of your day. Creating a routine where the first 3 hours of your day are the intense periods of work will actually cause you to complete the majority of your work at a best level, leaving the rest of the day for your brain to relax and deal with fewer laborious projects.
To carry out the 3-hour morning, you should try and start a routine of getting up early because the more hours you have in the morning, the more time you have to be productive for the rest of the day. It’s also essential that you start the day with a protein-rich breakfast, which means the right kind of fuel for your brain and the rest of your body so you can work at your best level. After getting up, you should ensure that there are fewer people to distract you or cause you stress. To be exact, make sure you put away your phone and made a conscious effort not to check social media for the first 3 hours. Besides, listening to music such as sounds of nature is a good way to help stop outside noises from interrupting your concentration.
Using the Morning Well
Introduction Perhaps you are often unable to be energetic and motivated in the (71) ▲ of your work; however, you can work more productively and (72) ▲ by structuring your day.
A way to increase work productivity Attach importance to the first three hours of your day because this is the time when you have the (73) ▲ willpower and self-control.
Importance of the first three hours of a day Making full use of the first 3 hours of your day can help you achieve the highest (74) ▲ and let you feel (75) ▲ for the rest of the day.
(76) ▲ of effectively using the first three hours of a day ●Form a habit of early (77) ▲ to ensure that you have more(78) ▲ time during one day. ●Start your day with a nutritious breakfast to make you work in a best (79) ▲ early in the morning. ●Avoid distractions from others and outside noises in the first 3 hours of your day, or rather, put away your phone, (80) ▲ hard not to check social media, and listen to some sounds of nature.
题组九
Caregiver Stress
Caregiver stress is the name for a type of stress that affects caregivers specifically. The sufferers tend to feel exhausted, get annoyed and even suffer from guilt. If you look after an elderly or disabled relative or friend and you are feeling burned out and depressed, then you might very well be suffering from caregiver stress and should look to get it addressed as soon as possible.
Caregiver stress is all too common. For most of us, looking after ourselves is stressful and tiring enough. If you then need to cook for your loved ones, help them to get dressed and take them to the doctor—everyday—you can end up exhausted. Briefly, those who care for others on a regular basis will be placed under intense demands on an ongoing basis. You might worry about your loved ones whenever they are left on their own. This then prevents you from doing the things you want to do, causes your own relationships and career to suffer and eats into your free time. There are even financial considerations that must be taken into account when looking after caregiver stress. On top of this, you might feel unappreciated and be arguing regularly with the person you’re caring for.
Is it any wonder that caregiver stress is such a big issue?
When you ask for advice from friends and loved ones, what you’ll hear most commonly in all likelihood is that you should send them into a home, hire extra care or get more assistance from other family members. If you can do this, then you absolutely should, for the sake of both of you - especially if you are much stressed.
But while this advice sounds good in theory, it often is not that easy. Getting care can be very expensive and some dependents will be resistant to the idea. If you can’t change the situation, then you need to acknowledge that you are experiencing caregiver stress and take measures to protect yourself. Setting clear boundaries can help a lot; so you can have honest and frank discussions with your dependent about why those boundaries are there. Find an outlet, whether it be a weekly hike in the woods or a gym session twice a week. Taking regular holidays is also important—and while you might feel stressed doing these things and your dependent might not like it, it is once again important for the health and safety of both you and your dependent. If you burn out, then you won’t be any use to them.
Caregiver Stress
Introduction to caregiver stress ●Caregiver stress refers to a type of stress affecting caregivers. ●Caregiver stress is (71) ▲ by a state of exhaustion, anger, guilt and depression.
Causes of caregiver stress ●Care-giving is not only physically tiring, but also emotionally stressful and draining, because caregivers have to take care of someone (72) ▲ for a long time.●Caregivers are concerned about the person they look after in their (73) ▲ .●Caregivers might be (74) ▲ of time and energy to handle their(75) ▲ affairs, relationships as well as job affairs.●Caregivers sometimes have to take (76) ▲ into consideration.●Caregivers are likely to experience periods of time when the dependent is not (77) ▲ for their hard work and (78) ▲ with the dependent arise quite often.
Ways to(79) ▲ caregiver stress ●Leave your dependent in others’ care.●If you have to bear the responsibility on your own, set clear boundaries.●Take exercise to (80) ▲ your negative feelings.●Take a holiday on a regular basis.
题组十
Teachers play countless roles for students. They act as a parent, as a teacher or even as a friend to many learners. Thus, they need to be sensitive and responsive to the needs of their students not only in academic aspect, but also in personal, social and emotional fields. In other words, they are supposed to know what their students want.
First of all, students need to be respected. Respect them as a group and as individuals. It develops their self-respect and it makes them more receptive to learning when students feel that they are valued and respected. The number one sign of disrespect is bringing a person down. Though many educators camouflage(掩饰)
encouragement by undervaluing students, bear in mind that not all students have the ability to withstand insults or negative comments.
In addition, though students like to hear praises from their teachers, yet giving only praises for a job well done may not be enough because students need constructive feedback for further improvement of their performances. Recognizing their strong points and helping them overcome their weak points are important. Don’t criticize because it will just increase students’ defensiveness. Avoid saying “but” because it can mean that praises are half-meant. Instead, follow the commending(赞美的)statement with “and” to lessen the chances of students’ defensiveness. Feedback should also be objective.
Thirdly, students wish their teacher to be humorous. They want happy moments in class. Telling a joke when suitable may increase students’ enthusiasm to focus more on the topic at hand. Laughter inside the classroom could make them feel comfortable. Don’t be always in bad temper, or else students might absorb your negative energy until all of them go out of the class feeling tired and unsatisfied. Thus, being responsible for whatever comes of their mouth is necessary because as teachers, they have the ability to build or break the esteem of the students.
Lastly, students want their teachers to treat them all as equals. Students can immediately spot when favoritism exists in class. During asking students to answer questions, for example, calling the same student, though others are already tired of volunteering themselves, can lead them to think that their teacher is being unfair. To avoid such issues, ensure that personal biases(偏见)should not influence the way students are treated. Furthermore, ensure that the evaluation of their performances should be based upon specific and objective criteria.
Being a perfect teacher may be impossible. However, having the qualities that students wish for could be the greatest advantage a teacher can have. Considering what students want from their teachers is necessary because being a teacher does not only rest in giving lectures and exams.
What students want from their teachers
Respect When valued and respected, students will be more confident in themselves and more (71) ▲ to learn.
It’s not advisable for a teacher to (72) ▲ on students negatively.
Constructive and objective Know students’ (73) ▲ and help them get over their weaknesses.
Do not criticize but use commending statements in order to (74) ▲ students becoming defensive.
(75) ▲ To make students study more (76) ▲ tell a joke when suitable in class.
Students feel safe and comfortable in a classroom filled with joy.
Don’t always be (77) ▲ in class, or students might be affected by your negatively.
78__________ Students are (79) ▲ to the existence of their teachers’ favoritism.
Don’t let your personal biases influence the way you treat students.
Evaluate students’ performances on specific and objective (80) ▲ .






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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台


冲刺2020年江苏高考英语——(任务型阅读题)高考冲刺专练
写在前面的话
任务型阅读虽然在江苏高考英语中仅仅占了10分，也是全卷占分比最小的一道题，但偏偏就是这道题
卡住了大多数考生，遭到了不少考生的吐槽。据有关方面披露，这道题的省均分每年都在4分左右，可见
其难度有多大。然而，不管有多难，我们考生都要克服畏难情绪，力争攻克这道难题，获得比较理想分
数。基于此本专题将为你排忧解难。
题组一
(转换表达)
1.A doubt begins sinking in as you imagine the fun your friends are having in your absence. Suddenly, the quiet evening you planned for yourself begins to lose its initial appeal, and you find your excitement quickly turns to anxiety.
→However, thinking of your friends’ possible fun, you begin to have _________ about your original decision, which makes you _________.
【答案】doubts, anxious
【解析】根据原句“想象你的朋友们在你不在的时候玩得多么开心时，你开始产生怀疑。突然间，你为自己计划的安静的夜晚开始失去它最初的吸引力，你发现你的兴奋很快变成了焦虑”可知：“然而，一想到你朋友可能有的乐趣，你开始对你最初的决定产生怀疑，这让你很焦虑。”doubt→doubts, anxious →anxiety
2.A person can feel pleasure without any effort, but it is impossible to enjoy a tennis game, a book, or a conversation unless attention is fully concentrated on the activity.
→Pleasure requires no effort while enjoyment can never be achieved without the investment of the full _________ of attention.
【答案】concentration/focus
【解析】根据原句“一个人不用付出任何努力就能感受到快乐，但是如果不把注意力完全集中在活动上，就不可能享受网球比赛、一本书或一场谈话”可知：“快乐不需要努力，而没有全神贯注的投入，快乐就永远无法实现。”concentrated→concentration/focus
3.When your brain is in this relaxed state, it is more open to creative thoughts.
→We can think clearly and _________ in a relaxed state.
【答案】creatively
【解析】根据原句“当你的大脑处于这种放松状态时，使得创造性思维的大门更加敞开”可知：我们可以在放松的状态下清晰而创造性地思维。creative→creatively
4.So how can you overcome the fear? Begin with gratitude.
→Be _________ for what you have now.
【答案】grateful/thankful
【解析】根据原句“你怎么能克服恐惧呢？从感恩开始”可知：“感激你现在拥有的一切。”gratitude→grateful/thankful
5.At the most basic level, video conferencing technology can be used by medical experts to discuss case experiences with colleagues across large distances.
→Medical experts can have a(n)_________ about case experiences using such a technology.
【答案】discussion
【解析】根据原句“在最基本的层面上，医学专家可以使用视频会议技术与同事进行远距离的案例讨论”可知：“医学专家可以讨论使用这种技术的案例经验。”discuss→discussion
6.Considering that meetings between high-ranking officials tend to be confidential, it may not be used that much.
→Video conferencing may be _________ as to meetings between senior officials.
【答案】useless
【解析】根据原句“考虑到高级官员之间的会议往往是保密的，所以可能不会有那么多的用途”可知：“视频会议对于高层之间的会议可能是无用的。”信息转换题。not be used→useless
7.When this happens, you become more capable of staying calm and centered in stressful situations.
→You’ll find inner _________ and focus on your task in a stressful situation.
【答案】calmness
【解析】根据原句“当这种情况发生时，你就能够在紧张的情况下保持冷静和集中注意力”可知：“你会在压力下找到内心的平静并专注于你的任务。”calm→calmness
8.Those who participate in extreme sports are able to turn their fears into positive experiences.
→You will _________ respond to your fears after succeeding in doing extreme sports.
【答案】positively/bravely
【解析】根据原句“那些参加极限运动的人能够将他们的恐惧转化为积极的经历”可知：“在成功地做极限运动之后，你会对你的恐惧做出积极/勇敢的反应。”positive→positively/bravely
9.Something cost-effective like going to your local museum or visiting the resort in the next city can all count as travelling!
→Visiting local museum or the resort nearby can also be an _________ way to enjoy travelling.
【答案】economical
【解析】根据原句“一些具有成本效益的东西，如去当地的博物馆或参观下一个城市的度假胜地，都可以算作旅行”可知：“参观当地博物馆或附近的度假胜地也是一种经济的旅行方式。”
cost-effective→economical
10.When you embrace an extreme sport, you will build up different muscles of your body, and this will be a positive thing for your health.
→You can _________ different muscles of your body and change your health for the _________.
【答案】strengthen, better
【解析】根据原句“当你进行一项极限运动时，你将锻炼身体的不同肌肉，这对你的健康是一件好事”可知：“你可以增强你身体的不同肌肉，使你的健康状况得到改善。”build up→strengthen, positive thing→beteer
11.Besides, the human ability to catch nuances in voices may have offered a strong evolutionary advantage to our ancestors, which helped ensure survival.
→The ability to listen was an important reason why our ancestors were able to _________.
【答案】survive
【解析】根据原句“此外，人类捕捉声音细微差别的能力可能为我们的祖先提供了强大的进化优势，这有助于确保生存下来”可知：“听的能力是我们祖先得以生存下来的一个重要原因。”survival→survive
12.What’s more, avoiding emotional experiences damages your relationships.
→Avoiding emotional experiences will be _________ to your relationships with others.
【答案】harmful
【解析】根据原句“更重要的是，避免情感体验会损害你的人际关系”可知：避免情感体验会对你与他人的关系有害。与damages同义，此处作be的表语用形容词，故填harmful。
13.Michael:There’s no use learning something if you don’t remember it.
→Michael: take notes to keep new words and grammar in _________.
【答案】mind
【解析】根据原句可知：Michael认为最重要的是把新单词和语法都记住，即记在脑海里。remember→keep... inmind。
14.Matthew:I’m going to look for the patterns and similarities with languages I already know.
→Matthew: try to _________ similar words and patterns with familiar languages
【答案】identify/find/seek
【解析】根据原句“我将寻找我已经知道的语言的模式和相似性”可知：Matthew他试图寻找/辨认他所熟悉的语言和句式里的相同点。由“look for”推出 identify/ find/ seek。
15.Emotions are the foundation of your ability to understand yourself and relate to others.
→Emotions lay the foundations for having a better _________ of yourself and others.
【答案】understanding
【解析】根据原句可知：情感是你理解自己和与他人相处的能力的基础。也就是说：情感是更好地了解自己和他人的基础。句中understand是关键词，此处由better修饰用名词，故填understanding。
16.When you are aware of your emotions, you can manage stress and communicate well with others.
→Emotional awareness helps you manage stress, strengthen your _________ with others and improve your interpersonal relationships.
【答案】communication
【解析】根据原句可知：当你意识到自己的情绪时，就能很好地处理压力并与他人沟通。也就是说：情感意识有助于你管理压力，加强与他人的沟通，改善人际关系。与句中communicate同义，由your修饰用名词，故填communication。
17.Few of us keep old e-mails or even print them out, so a sense of history and memory is lost.
→The temporariness of modern technology tends to give _________ to the loss of some history and memory
【答案】rise/birth
【解析】根据原句“很少有人会保留旧的电子邮件，甚至把它们打印出来，所以失去了历史感和记忆。”可知：现代技术的临时性会产生一些历史和记忆的损失。固定搭配：give rise/birth to产生，出生。
18.The goal of memory is not the transmission of information through time. Rather, the goal of memory is to help improve decision-making.
→People take advantage of memory to make good decisions rather than _________ information.
【答案】transmit
【解析】根据原句可知：记忆的目标不是通过时间传递信息。相反，记忆的目标是帮助改进决策。也就是说：人们利用记忆做出正确的决定，而不是传递信息。根据the transmission of information此处用其动词形式，故填transmit。
19.To make better use of delayed gratification, first of all you have to be clear about the dilemma in front of you, which will help you assess whether your challenge is really worth it.
→Understand the difficult situation you’re faced with so that you can make a(n)_________ of the value of your challenge.
【答案】assessment
【解析】根据原句“为了更好地利用延迟的满足感，首先你必须弄清楚你面前的困境，这将帮助你评估你的挑战是否值得”可知：了解你面临的困难处境，这样你就可以评估你的挑战的价值。assess→assessment
20.There are huge numbers of mouths to feed, and mass production leads to the purchase of poultry and the related items.
→Factory farming produces more food to feed a large _________.
【答案】population
【解析】根据原句“有大量的人口需要供养，大规模生产导致家禽及其相关物品的购买”可知：工厂化的农业生产出更多的食物来养活大量的人口。mouths→population
21.Since the items aren’t priced too high for consumers to afford, people appreciate buying them in a large number.
→The items produced through factory farming are _________ for ordinary consumers.
【答案】affordable/ inexpensive/cheap
【解析】根据原句“由于这些商品的价格并不高，消费者负担得起，所以人们喜欢大量购买。”可知：工厂化生产的产品对普通消费者来说是便宜的。afford→affordable/ inexpensive/cheap
22.Factory farming is a type of farming that involves raising a huge number of livestock(牲畜)in comparatively tinier enclosed spaces.
→Factory farming refers to raising so many farm animals in a _________ space to meet the requirements of people’s daily life.
【答案】limited
【解析】根据原句“工厂化农业是一种在较小的封闭空间内饲养大量牲畜的农业”可知：工厂化农业是指在有限的空间内饲养如此多的家畜来满足人们日常生活的需要。tinier enclosed→limited
23.The purchase rate is higher and despite being reasonably priced, the produce fetches a profit for the farms.
→The higher purchase rate makes factory farming _________, in the spite of reasonable price.
【答案】profitable
【解析】根据原句“购买率较高，尽管价格合理，但农产品仍能为农场带来利润。”可知：尽管合理的价格，较高的采购率使工厂化的农业有利可图。profit→profitable
24.Since the procedure is not natural, the end products could be of poor quality.
→The animals aren’t _________ brought up, so the quality of the end products could not be good enough.
【答案】naturally
【解析】根据原句“由于生产过程不是在自然环境下进行的，最终产品可能质量较差。”可知：这些动物不是自然养大的，因此，最终产品的质量是不够好的。故答案为natural→naturally
25….and drugs, and the bacteria develop resistance to the antibiotics, which is why many diseases remain untreated.
→Antibiotics are injected into the animals, which makes bacteria _________ to drugs and leaves many diseases untreated.
【答案】resistant
【解析】根据原句“药物和细菌对抗生素产生耐药性，这就是许多疾病治愈不了的原因”可知：动物体内注射抗生素，这使细菌对药物产生耐药性，使许多疾病得不到治愈。resistance→resistant
26.Just as team members today have assigned doing roles, there should also be thinking roles.
→Both assigned doing roles and thinking roles are _________ important among team members.
【答案】equally
【解析】根据原句“就像今天的团队成员分配的角色一样，也应该有思考的角色”可知：指派的角色和思考角色两者之间同样重要。可知答案为equally。
27.It’s less of trouble to make sure your customers’ needs.
→A smaller sample of customers makes it easy to _________ customers’ needs.
【答案】meet/satisfy
【解析】根据原句“确保客户的需求不那么麻烦”可知：此处表示的是“满足顾客的需要”，构成短语meet/satisfy one’s needs，故使用meet/satisfy。
28.All in all, the disappearance of deep reading would harm the intellectual and emotional development of generations growing up online.
→Without deep reading, generations in this digital world can’t develop well in emotion and _________.
【答案】intelligence
【解析】“深度阅读的缺失会对在线长大的几代人的智力和情感的发展造成伤害。”“在这个数字世界里，如果没有深度阅读，几代人的情感和智力就不能得到很好的发展。”intellectual→intelligence
29.People want to see the independent businesses that offer unique products and flavor to their communities.
→Small businesses can offer something _________ the ordinary to their communities.
【答案】beyond
【解析】根据原句“人们希望看到为他们的社区提供独特产品和风味的独立企业”可知：独立的生意提供的产品是独一无二的，也就是超越平凡的；此处需要的是填一个介词，故beyond即可。unique products→beyond the ordinary
30.A growing body of evidence suggests that online reading may be less satisfying.
→Compared with online reading, deep reading can bring readers more _________.
【答案】satisfaction/joy/pleasure
【解析】根据原句“越来越多的证据表明在线阅读可能不那么令人满意”可知“与在线阅读相比，深度阅读能给读者带来更多的满足感。”satisfying→satisfaction/joy/pleasure
31.Older people who suffer health problems still say they are OK.
→Older people _________ health problems feel good about themselves.
【答案】suffering
【解析】复合句与简单句的转换。把定语从句转换成现在分词短语作定语。原句：患有健康问题的老年人仍然说他们没事。转换：患有健康问题的老年人自我感觉良好。
32.Let your friends know your ideas, and you needn’t force them to follow the ideas.
→You can let your friends know your ideas without _________ them to follow the ideas.
【答案】forcing
【解析】并列句与简单句的转换。原句：让你的朋友知道你的想法，而你不必强迫他们遵循这些想法。转换：你可以让你的朋友知道你的想法，而不必强迫他们遵循这些想法。
33.Some researchers have made a survey in which 200 housewives were involved, finding that they have greater ambitions for career.
→Some researchers have made a survey _________ 200 housewives and found that they still want to work.
【答案】involving
【解析】复合句与简单句的转换。原句：一些研究人员做了一项调查，其中有200名家庭主妇参与其中，发现她们对事业有更大的抱负。转换：一些研究人员对200名家庭主妇进行了调查，发现他们仍然想工作。
34.Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are.
→It is also misunderstood that how happy we are is _________ by our genetics, environment or a combination of the two.
【答案】determined/decided
【解析】简单句与强调句的转换。原句：另一个常见的误解是我们的基因，我们的环境，或者两者的结合决定了我们有多幸福。转换：人们也误解了我们的幸福感是由我们的基因、环境或两者的结合决定的。
35.There are signs telling you not to smoke, but people ignore them.
→_________ there are signs telling you not to smoke, people ignore them.
→_________ the fact that signs tell you not to smoke, people ignore them.
【答案】Although/Though/While, Despite
【解析】并列句与复合句的转换；并列句与简单句的转换。原句：有告示告诉你不要吸烟，但人们对此视而不见。转换：虽然有告示告诉你不要吸烟，但人们对此视而不见。
36.In order to know your level of emotional awareness, ask yourself the following questions. If you answer no, you may need to work on raising your emotional awareness.
→Through answering some related questions, you can know _________ you need to raise your emotional awareness.
【答案】whether/if
【解析】几个句子合并为一个句子。原句：为了了解你的情绪意识水平，请问你自己以下问题。如果你回答不，你可能需要努力提高你的情感意识。转换：通过回答一些相关的问题，你可以知道你是否需要提高你的情感意识。
37.The manner of giving is worth more than the gift.
→_________ a gift is given is more important than the gift itself.
【答案】How
【解析】简单句与复合句的转换。原句：给予的方式比礼物更有价值。转换：如何送礼物比礼物本身更重要。
38.We can only see what we’re really capable of if we make the effort to go over our pre-conceived limits.
→The realization of our pre-conceived limits can help us make out _________ our capability lies.
【答案】where
【解析】复合句与复合句的转换。原句：我们只能看到，如果我们努力超越预先构想的限度，我们真正能够做什么。转换：认识到我们预先设想的极限可以帮助我们确定我们的能力在哪里。
39.A good way to identify your orientation is thinking about what tends to bother you in meetings.
→The next stop is to identify _________ your orientation swings toward the big picture or the details.
【答案】whether
【解析】复合句与复合句的转换。原句：确定你的方向的一个好方法是思考在会议上什么会让你烦恼。转换：下一站是确定你的方向是朝着大局还是向着细节。
40.Raising your emotional awareness begins with managing stress.
→Managing stress is the _________ thing you should do to raise your emotional awareness.
【答案】first/initial
【解析】变化主语。原句：提高你的情感意识始于控制压力。转换：管理压力是你应该做的第一件事，以提高你的情感意识。
题组二
(根据表格概括表达)
1
(72) ▲ of the two classes ◆News of immediate reward will seemingly take their readers to the very frightening scene without actual(73) ▲ .?◆Readers will associate themselves closely with what happens in the news stories and(74) ▲ similar feelings with those involved.?
◆News of delayed reward will make readers suffer, or present a (75) ▲ to them.?◆News of delayed reward will induce the reader to(76) ▲ for the reality while news of immediate reward will lead the reader to(77) ▲ from the reality.?
【答案】Explanations
【解析】右栏是“immediate reward”和“delayed reward”的解释。因为有多个解释，应用explanation的复数形式，并根据左栏上下框形式，需大写首字母。
2
The changing(73) ▲ to belonging ◆Many famous experts in the first decades of the 20th century (74) ▲ that people had the need to belong.◆Experts later came to realize that people, regardless of their age, needed(75) ▲ to enjoy full and healthy lives.
【答案】attitudes
【解析】右栏是对“归属感的两种态度(attitudes)”。
3
Possible(76) ▲ of electronic payments ◆Some people are(77) ▲ whether electronic payments can still be effective during times when the power goes off.◆There are(78) ▲ that electronic payments may create security and fraud risks.◆It is possible that electronic dealings can be(79) ▲ and reported for illegal use.
【答案】drawbacks/shortcomings/disadvantages/problems/weaknesses
【解析】根据表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是电子支付的缺点和不足之处。
4
(72) ▲ of narcissism in divided types ◆A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness.◆A narcissist considers himself to be such an unusual person as to be treated(73)________.◆A narcissist is often cold and likely to(74)________ care in emotion towards others.
◆Vulnerable narcissism is more(75)________ than grandiose narcissism.◆A narcissist isn’t actually confident though in his opinion he(76)________ special things.
◆Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life.
【答案】Features/Characteristics
【解析】根据表格右栏的内容可知，此处主要讲的是“narcissism自恋”的特点所以填Features
/Characteristics。根据表格此处首字母要大写。
5
The(71) ▲ of emotions ◆Emotions lay the foundations for having a better(72) ▲ of yourself and others.◆Emotional awareness helps you manage stress, strengthen your (73) ▲ with others and improve your interpersonal relationships.
【答案】significance/importance/functions/advantages
【解析】右栏中的“Emotions lay the foundations”和“Emotional awareness helps you manage stress”都是情感的重要性或作用，故填significance/ importance/ functions/ advantages.
6
The current(71) ▲ of handwriting ◆Students(72) ▲ to computers to complete their homework◆With little practice, students have(73) ▲ writing.◆We seldom write letters even to people we are close to.
【答案】situation
【解析】右栏所讲的都是当前的书写状况。故填situation。
7
▲ Chronic?disorganization(慢性失序症)means that the person has a habit of being disorganized in life and business over a long period.
【答案】Definition/Meaning
【解析】根据右栏的介绍可知此处是对慢性失序症下的定义(Definition/Meaning)。根据表格此处首字母大写。故填Definition/Meaning。
8
(71) ▲ to a new theory A new theory argues that doing Yoga(72) ▲ can keep people healthy while medicine might do(73) ▲ to people’s health.
【答案】Introduction
【解析】根据右栏的介绍可知此处是对一种新理论的介绍(Introduction)：服药对身体有害，而适当的瑜伽对身体有益。根据表格此处首字母大写。
9
(73) ▲ of stress ◆You have(74) ▲ blood pressure.◆Your heart(75) ▲ faster.◆You become sleepless.◆Your breath and muscles are abnormal.
【答案】Symptoms/Signs
【解析】根据右栏的介绍可知此处指的是压力的特征或是症状。故填Symptoms/Signs。根据表格此处首字母大写。
10
The(75) ▲ to learning the language Alex: give(76) ▲ to commonly used verbs; add some(77) ▲ to make sentences
Luca: attach great(78) ▲ to speaking; don’t be afraid to make mistakes
Michael: take notes to keep new words and grammar in(79) ▲
Matthew: try to(80) ▲ similar words and patterns with familiar languages
【答案】approaches
【解析】根据右栏内容可知，此部分说的是各个人学习语言的方法。故填approaches。
题组三
(根据原文概括表达)
1.For more than two decades, scientific reports have made it clear that global warming is real, that humans cause it and that the consequences will be disastrous.
→It is human beings that are to blame for the real global warming and should _________ for what they have done.
【答案】answer
【解析】由原句“20多年来，科学报告已经明确指出，全球变暖是真的，是人类造成的，后果将是灾难性的”可知：真正的全球变暖是人类的责任，应该为他们所做的一切负责。answer for“对……负责”。
2.While a growing number of people understand that climate change will have significant worldwide consequences, many Americans have an intuitive(直觉的)belief that their nation is more capable than others of adapting to a changed environment.
→Many Americans are wildly _________ about their ability to a changed environment.
【答案】sure/certain/optimistic
【解析】根据原句“我们看到了治疗致命疾病的新药物、新的诊断工具，以及对发展中国家健康问题的新关注。”可知：信息归纳题。根据第四段中 “尽管越来越多的人理解气候变化将对世界产生重大影响，但许多美国人有一种直觉，即他们的国家比其他国家更能适应变化的环境。”可知，许多美国人对自己适应环境变化的能力极为肯定/乐观。故答案为sure/certain/optimistic。
3.In workplaces and families across the world, people tend to communicate on the Internet. We send endless emails; we video chat rather than travel across the town to meet. Actually, sitting down and interacting with someone in person can seem like a rare luxury nowadays.
→Nowadays online communication has gained great _________, which dramatically _________ real-life
interactions. In such a situation, can we still connect and empathize with others?
【答案】popularity, reduces/decreases
【解析】由第一句“在世界各地的工作场所和家庭中，人们倾向于通过互联网进行交流”可知，通过互联网交流受到很多人的欢迎。popularity。由第三句“事实上，坐下来和别人面对面交流似乎是一种难得的奢侈”可知：互联网交流减少了人们现实生活的沟通。故填reduces/decreases 。
4.Kraus conducted three experiments to arrive at the conclusion. In all these experiments, the participants gave the best performance when they only heard peoples voices
→The new study was _________ on three experiments, which suggested that the participants were most _________ in detecting people’s emotions when they only heard their voices.
【答案】based/dependent, accurate/precise
【解析】由第第一句“克劳斯进行了三次实验得出结论”可知：新研究以三个实验为基础。故填based/dependent。由第二句“在所有这些实验中，参与者在只听到人们的声音时表现得最好”可知：参与者只听到他们的声音时，他们最能准确地检测到人们的情绪。故填accurate/precise。
5.One study on babies, cries suggested that parents with more musical training were better at distinguishing cries of distress from other types of cries.
→According to a study on babies’ cries, musical training is a _________ to better ability to listen for empathy.
【答案】contributor
【解析】由原句“一项关于婴儿、哭声的研究表明，受过更多音乐训练的父母更善于区分悲伤的哭声和其他类型的哭声”可知：音乐训练有助于提高倾听他人感受的能力。故填contributor。
6.Another key to raising emotional awareness is practice.和The more consistently you practice, the greater changes you’ll experience in what you feel, think, and so.
→_________ on practicing and you will experience changes in your emotional awareness.
【答案】Insist
【解析】根据原句“提高情感意识的另一个关键是实践，越坚持练习，在感觉、思维等方面的体验就会发生更大的变化”可知：坚持练习，你会体验到情绪意识的变化。此处是祈使句，动词用原形。故填Insist。
7.When we forget the names of certain clients and details about old jobs, our brain is making a choice that these details do not matter.
→After _________ the information it gets, the brain chooses to focus on the key points, occasionally forgetting unimportant past details.
【答案】weighing/comparing
【解析】根据原句“当我们忘记了某些客户的名字和过去的工作细节时，我们的大脑正在做出一个选择，而这些细节并不重要”可知：大脑通过权衡比较后，有选择的遗忘一些旧的或无关紧要的信息。指权衡比较，故填weighing/comparing。
8.My job at Microsoft is as challenging as ever, but what makes me “tap-dance to work” is when we show people something new, like a computer that can recognize your handwriting or your speech, or one that can store a lifetime’s worth of photos.
→I feel lucky to do something challenging at Microsoft, and I have a sense of _________ when we present people something new.
【答案】achievement/satisfaction
【解析】根据原句“我在微软的工作和以往一样具有挑战性，但让我“跳踢踏舞上班”的原因是我们给人们展示了一些新东西，比如一台可以识别你的笔迹或讲话的计算机，或者一台可以存储一生中值得一看的照片的计算机”可知：我很幸运能在微软做一些有挑战性的事情，当我们向人们展示一些新的东西时，我有一种满足感。故答案为achievement/satisfaction。
9.I believe that computers are the most incredible tool we can use to feed our curiosity and inventiveness—to help us solve problems that even the smartest people couldn’t solve on their own.
→Computers are the most incredible tool, and there is no _________ in terms of problem solving.
【答案】match/equal/comparison
【解析】根据原句“我相信计算机是我们能用来满足好奇心和创造力的最不可思议的工具，它能帮助我们解决即使是最聪明的人也无法独自解决的问题。”可知：计算机是最不可思议的工具，在解决问题方面没有什么可以与它匹配。故答案为match/equal/comparison。
10.Computers have transformed how we learn, giving kids everywhere a window into all of the world’s knowledge. They’re helping us build communities around the things we care about and to stay close to the people who are important to us, no matter where they are.
→Computers are transforming how we learn, _________ our horizons wherever we are.
【答案】broadening/widening
【解析】根据原句“电脑改变了我们的学习方式，给世界各地的孩子们一扇了解世界知识的窗户。他们帮助我们围绕我们关心的事情建立社区，并与那些对我们重要的人保持密切联系，不管他们在哪里”可知：计算机正在改变我们的学习方式，无论我们身在何处，都在拓宽我们的视野。故答案为broadening/widening。
题组四
About Nutritional Supplementation(补充)
Today, we know that the role of vitamins and minerals goes way beyond the prevention of deficiency diseases(维生素缺乏症)to actually preventing cancer and heart disease, the most fearsome killers of our time. With this knowledge has come the widespread call for nutritional supplementation—and a confusing group of vitamin, mineral, and supplements lining the supermarket shelves.
Far from contributing to better health, however, nutritional supplements threaten to turn a scientific breakthrough into a nutritional disaster.
Promoters of vitamins and minerals—especially Vitamins A, C, and E—would have consumers believe that the little vitamin pill in the bottle is all they need for good health. Take your vitamins in the morning, and you’re covered. It’s okay to eat fast foods for the rest of the day or skip meals to achieve today’s fashionably skinny look. But vitamins and minerals are only one part of the nutritional puzzle. A diet rich in fiber(纤维)and balanced in carbohydrates and protein is essential for good health. You can’t get these things from a nutritional supplement. The focus on vitamin and mineral supplements may actually be robbing us of the full nutrition we seek.
And no supplement can compare to the quality of nutrition found in natural sources. For example, our bodies turn carotenes(胡萝卜素)from plant foods into Vitamin A. Many supplements contain a single carotene, but natural sources are rich in many different carotenes. Many supplements contain a form of Vitamin E that is made from chemicals, when natural Vitamin E is more readily absorbed and used by the body. And science is still discovering the wealth of nutrients in foods.
But perhaps the greatest danger presented by nutritional supplements comes from the very real risks presented by self medication. Anyone can walk into the market and buy as many different supplements as desired. The reported benefits of high dosages of certain nutrients have led some people to believe that the more the better. Many take several vitamin and mineral supplements without regard to possible consequences.
A surprising new research suggests that Vitamin C pills may speed up hardening of the arteries, the underlying cause of heart attacks. Researchers said their findings support the recommendations of health organizations, which urge people to avoid high doses of supplements and to get their nutrients from food instead.
As appealing as they’re made to sound, nutritional supplements are danger in disguise. If you’re looking for good health, don’t look on the supplement shelves of your supermarket. Look in the produce section instead.
About Nutritional Supplementation
Introduction Vitamins and minerals can prevent cancer and heart disease, which is outside the (71) ▲ of preventing deficiency diseases, so they are (72) ▲ widely, but actually nutritional supplements never contributes to better health (73) ▲ a nutritional disaster.
Wrong understanding ●(74) ▲ your vitamins every morning, you are covered.●The (75) ▲ people take nutritional supplements, the better their health is.
Proper understanding ●Vitamins and minerals are only one part of the nutrition and can’t (76) ▲ a diet rich in fiber and balanced in carbohydrates and protein.●Supplement can’t be (77) ▲ than the quality of nutrition found in natural sources.●Get the nutrients from food (78) ▲ than from high doses of supplements.
(79) ▲ In order to be (80) ▲ , look in the produce section in the supermarket.
①文章的标题：About Nutritional Supplementation(关于营养补充)
②栏目有四块：79题为信息概括题。
注意：根据右栏可以试填出79题的答案：Suggestion/Advice；
73题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：never…but…的对等结构；
75题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：the+比较级…the+比较级的句型；
77题提醒我们注意：这里要用相关词的比较级；
78题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：与than有关的短语。
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文，我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容：众所周知，维生素和矿物质对人体非常有益，但我们应从食物中获取这些物质而不是仅仅依靠营养品。本文是一篇说明文。
接着浏览全文，把握文章脉络；对照表格，迅速定位，比照阅读，斟酌答案：
71.【答案】limit
【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段第一句可知，维生素和矿物质的作用已经超出维生素缺乏症的预防，实际上它们可以起到防止癌症和心脏病的功效。beyond与outside the limit of同义。
72.【答案】demanded/needed
【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段第二句可知，人们对人体营养的补充品的需求非常广泛。has come the widespread call for nutritional supplementation与they are demanded/needed widely同义。
73.【答案】but
【解析】信息概括题。根据第二段内容可知，营养补充并非对健康有益，而是成为营养之患。never...but...意为“绝非……而是……”。
74.【答案】Taking
【解析】信息概括题。根据第三段第二句可知，每天清晨吃一点维生素就可以恢复精力。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词。因动作的逻辑主语与句子主语一致，故填Taking。
75.【答案】more
【解析】信息转换题。根据第五段倒数第二句可知，被报道的高剂量的营养素的益处使得一些人相信营养品吃得越多越好。根据原句中的more填写。
76.【答案】replace
【解析】信息转换题。根据第三段第四、五句可知，维生素和矿物质只是人体所需营养的一部分。富含纤维和碳水化合物及蛋白质均衡的食品才是健康之本。换句话说，维生素和矿物质不能取代富含纤维和碳水化合物及蛋白质均衡的食品，故填入replace一词。
77.【答案】better
【解析】信息转换题。根据第四段第一句可知，任何营养品都不能与源于大自然的营养的质量相媲美，即营养品不可能比源于大自然的营养的质量好，故填入better一词。
78.【答案】rather
【解析】信息转换题。根据第六段第二句可知，人们要避免大量摄入营养品，而是要从食物中得到营养。换句话说，人们要从食物中得到营养，而不要大量摄入营养品，根据句意中的“而不要”和表格中than提示可知，应填入rather一词。rather than意为“而不是”。
79.【答案】Suggestion/Advice
【解析】信息概括题。根据右栏内容可知，这里提及的是建议。
80.【答案】healthy
【解析】信息转换题。根据第七段第二句中的“If you’re looking for good health”中的health一词填写。原句中health是名词，作动词looking for的宾语，表格中填入形容词healthy作be动词的表语。
题组五
It’s Dangerous to Wear Sleep Deprivation as a Badge of Honor
Being over-tired doesn’t feel good. Sleep deprivation comes with a cranky malaise, yet most of us continue to behave as if it’s no big deal that we are often exhausted. In fact, many of us wear our sleep deprivation as a badge of honor. We glamorize our ability to pull all-nighters and burn the candle at both ends because we are a nation built on the notion that if you snooze you lose—or, as the late Warren Zevon put it, I’ll sleep when I’m dead. We look at sleep as a barrier to success, fun, and self-fulfillment, even though sleep deprivation is physiologically and psychologically dangerous. It’s time to face up to the risks associated with our culture of sleep deprivation.
Most of us are familiar with the first signs of sleep deprivation, such as feeling irritable, having difficulty concentrating, and suffering from fatigue. Instead of resting, though, we drink another cup of coffee and power through.
Unfortunately, the cumulative impact of sleep deprivation is more dangerous than generally acknowledged. A body of sleep research shows that lack of sleep can be responsible for depression, anxiety, stress, and panic attacks, as well as a myriad of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, migraines, increased risk for cancer, strokes, and dementia.
The belief that sleep is a barrier to self-development runs deep in our culture. Dale Carnegie, the father of self-improvement, wrote in the 1930s, “If you can’t sleep, then get up and do something instead of lying there and worrying. It’s the worry that gets you, not the lack of sleep.” But there’s a hitch. FOMO can lead to poor decision making and illness.
One of the greatest barriers to combating our culture of sleep deprivation is the long-held notion that success is linked to burning the midnight oil. Shipping magnate Aristotle Onassis quipped, “If you sleep three hours less each night for a year, you will have an extra month and a half to succeed in.”
But equating lack of sleep with productivity is a slippery slope. Yes, more hours awake may equal more output at the start, but over the long term, there are significant risks to your own health and others. For example, Barnes and Hollenbeck examined the impact of sleep deprivation on work teams and found a host of negative effects, including a reduced ability to process information, learn, and perform new tasks.
The bravado of workaholics is undermined by research. In fact, some of the worst accidents in history, including the Chernobyl and Three-Mile Island nuclear disasters, were caused by team error between the hours of 2－4 a.m., a time when people are especially likely to be sleep deprived. Similarly, loss of human life on highways and railways, in the air, and in our hospitals have been linked to human exhaustion. Instead of clapping employees on the back for working overtime, it’s time for employers to encourage them to go home and get some rest at the end of their shifts. There’s no reason to wear sleep deprivation like a badge of honor. Sleep doesn’t make us miss out or get left behind. Quite the opposite: being well-rested allows us to live richly and experience all that life has to offer.
Current (71) ▲ (72) ▲ the fact that sleep deprivation comes with a bad temper, the majority of people still think it no big deal that we are burnt out. (73) ▲ , many of us consider it as a badge of honor.
(74) ▲ for sleep deprivation The concept that sleep is a barrier to success and success is built on staying up runs deep in our culture.
(75) ▲ of sleepdeprivation on us ●A large quantity of research indicates that lack of sleep can bring about many health problems, (76) ▲ and physically.●Working overtime may equal more output at the beginning, but in the long run, it will (77) ▲ to a low productivity and a reduced ability.
(78) ▲ It’s dangerous to wear sleep deprivation as a badge of honor. On the(79) ▲ , a good sleep enables us to lead a (80) ▲ life.
①文章的标题：It’s Dangerous to Wear Sleep Deprivation as a Badge of Honor(把剥夺睡眠作为荣誉的标志是危险的)
②栏目有四块：71题、74题、75题和78题为信息概括题。
注意：根据右栏可以试填出71题的答案：situation；
根据右栏可以试填出74题的答案：Reason；
根据右栏可以试填出75题的答案：Impacts；
根据右栏可以试填出78题的答案：Conclusion；
79题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：on the+名词的介词短语。
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文，我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容：大量的研究表明睡眠不足会导致很多心理和身体健康问题，并且会导致生产力低下以及能力下降。充足的睡眠不会让我们失去什么，恰恰相反，它可以让我们生活得更充实。本文是一篇说明文。
接着浏览全文，把握文章脉络；对照表格，迅速定位，比照阅读，斟酌答案：
71.【答案】situation
【解析】信息概括题。综合全文尤其是第一段的内容可知，该部分主要讲述了睡眠不足的现状。故situation符合题意。
72.【答案】Despite
【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段的“Sleep deprivation comes with a cranky malaise，yet most of us continue to behave as if it’s no big deal that we are often exhausted.”可知，睡眠不足会带来坏脾气，但是我们多数人继续表现得仿佛我们常常筋疲力尽没什么大不了。由yet可知Despite符合题意。
73.【答案】Actually
【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段的“In fact, many of us wear our sleep deprivation as a badge of honor.”可知，事实上，我们将睡眠不足看作佩戴在身上的荣誉勋章。由In fact可知应填其近义词Actually。
74.【答案】Reason
【解析】信息概括题。根据第一段的“We glamorize our ability to pull all-nighters and burn the candle at both ends because we are a nation built on the notion that if you snooze you lose...”，第四段的“The belief that sleep is a barrier to self-development runs deep in our culture.”以及第五段的“One of the greatest barriers to combatting our culture of sleep deprivation is the long-held notion that success is linked to burning the midnight oil.”可知，人们长期以来的观念认为睡眠是成功的障碍并且成功建立在熬夜的基础之上，显然这就是睡眠不足的原因。故Reason符合题意。
75.【答案】Impacts
【解析】信息概括题。综合第三段和第六段的内容尤其是第三段的“Unfortunately, the cumulative impact of sleep deprivation is more dangerous than generally acknowledged.”可知，睡眠不足积累的影响比通常认为的更危险。由此可见，该部分讲述了睡眠不足对我们造成的影响。故Impacts符合题意。
76.【答案】mentally/psychologically
【解析】信息概括题。根据第三段的“A body of sleep research shows that lack of sleep can be responsible for depression, anxiety, stress, and panic attacks, as well as a myriad of health problems, including heart disease, diabetes, migraines, increased risk for cancer, strokes, and dementia.”可知，大量的研究表明睡眠不足会导致很多心理和身体健康问题。故mentally或psychologically符合题意。
77.【答案】lead/contribute
【解析】信息转换题。根据第六段的“more hours awake may equal more output at the start, but over the long term, there are significant risks to your own health and others”可知，加班工作在一开始可能等同于更多的产出，但是从长远来看，它会导致生产力低下以及能力下降。故lead/contribute符合题意。
78.【答案】Conclusion
【解析】信息概括题。此处是总结全文论点。综合全文可知，将睡眠不足看作佩戴在身上的荣誉勋章是危险的。故Conclusion符合题意。
79.【答案】contrary
【解析】信息转换题。根据最后一段的“Sleep doesn’t make us miss out or get left behind. Quite the opposite: being well-rested allows us to live richly and experience all that life has to offer.”可知，睡眠不会让我们失去什么或者落后。恰恰相反，充足的休息可以让我们活得充实。由Quite the opposite可知contrary符合题意。
80.【答案】rich
【解析】信息转换题。根据最后一段的“being well-rested allows us to live richly and experience all that life has to offer”可知，良好的睡眠能够让我们过上充实的生活。由live richly可知rich正确。
题组六
Unless you are like Nasty Gal’s founder Sophia Amoruso, the passwords you use to access your email and the endless other accounts you need for work aren’t filled with intention. With increasing security requirements, it’s likely your word/number combinations are becoming even less memorable. But new research suggests it may not be long before you won’t need to memorize passwords.
“Brainprint”, published in Neurocomputing, reveals that the brain’s reaction to certain words could be a unique identifying code—like a fingerprint—that could eventually replace passwords.
In a small experiment, the researchers measured the brains’ signals of 45 volunteers as they read through a list of 75 acronyms such as FBI and DVD. The word-recognition response differed so much between each participant that a second experiment using a computer program could identify each one with 94% accuracy.
It’s not enough to feel totally secure, but promising enough to hint at the future of securing sensitive information.
The advantage of using such a biometric system(生物识别系统)is that it can be used for continuous verification(验证), New Scientist points out. Passwords or fingerprints only provide a tool for one-off identification. Continuous verification could in theory allow someone to interact with many computer systems at the same time or even with a variety of intelligent objects, without having to repeatedly enter passwords for each device.
As Hollywood has illustrated, it’s simply a matter of cutting off a finger to steal that person’s identity. “Brainprints, on the other hand, are potentially cancellable, ” said Sarah Laszlo, assistant professor of psychology and linguistics at Binghamton University and co-author of the study, “So, in the unlikely event that an attacker was actually able to steal a brainprint from an authorized user, the authorized user could then ‘reset’ their brainprint.”
Until now, brain signals have been a challenge to understand. This experiment leaped over the obstacle by focusing on the brainwaves from the specific area that reads and recognizes words. The signal is therefore clearer and easier to measure.
The problem, so far, is that the brain signal is still not as accurate as scanning someone’s fingerprint, and initially requires sticking diodes(二极管)on your head in order to get a read. That’s OK, according to Zhanpeng Jin, assistant professor at Binghamton University and co-author of the study, because brainprint isn’t going to be mass-produced any time soon. He says the researchers foresee its use at places such as the Pentagon, where the number of authorized users is small, and they don’t need to be continuously verified the way you do to access your mobile device or email.
Better keep your memory sharp, at least a little while longer.
Present situation Chances are that your passwords are becoming more (71) ▲ to remember.
One experiment A small experiment shows that the word-recognition response differed a great deal between each participant, virtually (72) ▲ brainprint a promising future.
(73) ▲ of using such system ●You can use it to (74) ▲ the device continuously without having to repeatedly enter passwords.●The authorized user could “reset” their brainprint in the face of (75) ▲ because brainprints are potentially cancellable. ●Brain signals are now clearer and easier to measure by focusing on the brainwaves from the specific area.
(76) ▲ of using such system The brain signal is (77) ▲ accurate than scanning someone’s fingerprint. But that’s OK because brainprint is only going to be used on a small (78) ▲ , such as at places like the Pentagon.
Conclusions ●Maybe there is no need for you to memorize passwords in the near future as brainprint—like a fingerprint—could eventually take the (79) ▲ of passwords.●It is (80) ▲ to keep your memory sharp at least for a short period of time!
①文章的标题：没有给出标题。
②栏目有五块：73题、76题为信息概括题。
注意：根据右栏可以试填出73题的答案：Advantages；
根据右栏可以试填出76题的答案：Disadvantages；
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文，我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容：设定密码一直是确保安全的好举措。本文提出并分析了一款新的更加安全可靠的生物识别系统方法：Brainprint脑部扫描。本文是一篇说明文。
接着浏览全文，把握文章脉络；对照表格，迅速定位，比照阅读，斟酌答案：
71.【答案】difficult/hard
【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段第二句“With increasing security requirements, it’s likely your word/number combinations are becoming even less memorable.”得出答案，less memorable意为“更不容易记住”。
72.【答案】ensuring
【解析】信息概括题。根据第四段“It’s not enough to feel totally secure, but promising enough to hint at the future of securing sensitive information.”概括可得出答案。
73.【答案】Advantages/Benefits
【解析】信息概括题。根据第五段第一句“The advantage of using such a biometric system(生物识别系统) is that it can be used for continuous verification(验证)...”中的原词advantage可知答案，本题也可用其同义词benefits，注意首字母大写。
74.【答案】verify/identify
【解析】信息转换题。根据第五段第一、二句“The advantage of using such a biometric system(生物识别系统) is that it can be used for continuous verification(验证)...tool for one-off indentification.”中的verification和identification转换得出答案。
75.【答案】attackers
【解析】信息转换题。根据第六段最后一句“So, in the unlikely event that an attacker was actually able to steal a brainprint from an authorized user, the authorized user could then ‘reset’ their brainprint.”中的attacker可知答案。
76.【答案】Problems/Disadvantages
【解析】信息概括题。根据第八段第一句“The problem, so far, is that the brain signal is still not as...”中的problem可知答案，或者用其同义词disadvantages，注意首字母大写。
77.【答案】less
【解析】信息转换题。根据第八段第一句“The problem, so far, is that the brain signal is still not as accurate as scanning someone’s fingerprint...”中的not as accurate as转换得出答案。
78.【答案】scale
【解析】信息转换题。根据第八段第二、三句“That’s OK...brainprint isn’t going to be mass-produced any time soon....where the number of authorized users is small...”可得出答案。
79.【答案】place
【解析】信息转换题。根据第二段“‘Brainprint’...like a fingerprint—that could eventually replace passwords.”中的replace可知，此处应转换成短语take the place of，意为“代替，取代”。
80.【答案】better/good
【解析】信息查找或信息转换题。将最后一段“Better keep your memory sharp, at least a little while longer.”中的句式结构进行转换可得出答案。
题组七
Why is it that Christmas can often be a let-down? We plan for it months ahead with great enthusiasm, but when it arrives, it often leaves us cold.
The reason can be explained, I believe, quite easily. It is because we put our own pleasure at the very heart of it. We plan in great detail what we will eat, drink and do. But the pleasure that we receive from all these things doesn’t last long. The show turns out to be a bit predictable. The Christmas fair proves a bit bland(温和的), while the drink fails to be as special as we had expected. We may put great thought into the presents we are going to give others, but we feel that the presents we receive don’t have the same thoughtfulness.
For millions across the country, Christmas is even worse than this. It will be a time of almost unbearable loneliness. People long for the company and affection of loved ones, but for whatever reason they find themselves feeling depressed, whether they are on their own or in big gatherings.
Help is very much at hand, the solution completely straightforward. We need to place other people, not ourselves, at the heart of our entire Christmas experience. The old proverb says it all: if you want to feel good, do good. Best recipe of all: spend part of the Christmas period volunteering. Every town, village and city offers a host of opportunities. Crisis, the UK charity for homeless people, founded in 1967, has a series of homeless shelters which need volunteers. So popular is it that some of the shelters become oversubscribed quite early. Volunteers regularly describe how they might arrive at the shelter feeling low and apprehensive but leave with their hearts singing and their whole outlook on life transformed.
Young people can become inducted into the habits of lifelong volunteering if they have positive experiences of doing it when still at school age. The I Will campaign was launched two years ago by Prince Charles. It aims to have 60% of young people volunteering by 2020. It has already made an enormous difference, with schools which back the campaign reporting much better atmospheres and attitudes to academic work and employers saying that they readily seek to take on young people who have acted as volunteers because they prove such good employees.
The message is very clear. Self-indulgence(沉溺)will not make for a happy Christmas. But do some volunteering and caring for others and you will find that your Christmas lunch will taste better than ever.
Passage outline Supporting details
Facts about Christmas celebrations Despite our enthusiastic planning in (71) ▲ , Christmas often disappoints us.●The pleasure we receive from our preparations is (72) ▲ .●The entertainment concerning Christmas fails to live up to our (73) ▲ .●The presents we receive (74) ▲ the same thoughtfulness as we do to our presents.●People feel (75) ▲ in the absence of company and affection of loved ones.
Solution Instead of being (76) ▲ , we need to place other people at the heart of our entire Christmas experience.
Tips and outcomes Spend part of the Christmas period volunteering and it brings positive changes to those involved.●Volunteers experience a (77) ▲ in their outlook on life.●The atmospheres and attitudes to academic work in the schools backing the campaign take a (78) ▲ for the better.●Students are more likely to be (79) ▲ for their volunteering experiences.
Conclusion Through volunteering and caring, we can make a (80) ▲ to Christmas.
①文章的标题：没有给出标题。
②栏目有四块：没有明显的信息概括题。
注意：71题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：in+名词的介词短语；
73题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：live up to one’s +名词(复数)的动词短语；
78题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：take a +名词+for the better的动词短语；
80题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：make a +名词+to的动词短语。
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文，我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容：短文通过讲述圣诞节前后的心理落差说明了人不要以自我为中心，要多做志愿者工作，多关心别人，这样才能体会到真正的快乐。本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。
71.【答案】advance
【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段第二句中“plan for it months ahead with great enthusiasm”可知, 是提前计划。in advance提前。
72.【答案】temporary
【解析】信息转换题。根据第二段第四句“But the pleasure that we receive from all these things doesn’t last long.”可知, 快乐不会持续很久, 只是暂时的, 故填temporary。
73.【答案】expectations
【解析】信息概括题。根据第二段后半部分可知，圣诞节目、集会平淡无奇，饮料也没有想象中的好喝，所以是没有达到期望的那样开心。live up to one’s expectations不辜负某人的期望。
74.【答案】lack
【解析】信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句中的“but we feel that the presents we receive don’t have the same thoughtfulness”可推知填lack。
75.【答案】lonely/depressed/down
【解析】信息转换题。根据第三段尤其是“It will be a time of almost unbearable loneliness.”可知, 圣诞节没有所爱之人的陪伴, 人们会觉得孤独沮丧, 故填lonely/depressed/down。
76.【答案】self-centred/self-centered/selfish
【解析】信息转换题。根据第四段第二句“We need to place other people, not ourselves, at the heart of our entire Christmas experience.”可知，不要以自我为中心，要多考虑别人的感觉，故填self-centred/self-centered/selfish。
77.【答案】transformation/change/shift
【解析】信息转换题。根据第四段最后一句中“their whole outlook on life transformed”可推知, 可以用transform的名词形式, 即“转变”。也可以填change/shift。
78.【答案】turn
【解析】信息转换题。根据第五段“much better atmospheres and attitudes to academic work”可知，是往更好的方向发展。take a turn for the better转为更好。
79.【答案】employed/hired/accepted
【解析】信息转换题。根据第五段最后一句中“employers saying that they readily seek to take on young people who have acted as volunteers”可知，老板更愿意雇用那些有过志愿者经历的学生，故填employed/hired/accepted。
80.【答案】difference
【解析】信息概括题。根据最后一段可知“通过志愿服务和关怀，我们可让圣诞节变得与众不同。”动词短语：make a difference to对……产生影响。
题组八
k and slumping(瘫倒)down at your desk or place of work with no energy and motivation. Research has found there is an ideal structure to your day that creates best results and also the flexibility you wish for. The problem with your current tradition of working is that it forces you to work when your brain isn’t motivated. Traditionally you have a long day to get your work done and your brain needs to be in the relaxation mode all day, but more often it’s hard for you to focus on one thing all the way.
According to the research, the best way to achieve best work productivity is to focus on the first 3 hours of your day. This is the best time—straight after sleep when your willpower and self-control is at the maximum.
How often have you dragged yourself to work and headed straight for the coffee machine because you can’t possibly function until you drink up at least your third cup of coffee? This is where you’re potentially going wrong—the first 3 hours of your day will eventually make you or break you. It’s during this period that you can make the most of your day. Creating a routine where the first 3 hours of your day are the intense periods of work will actually cause you to complete the majority of your work at a best level, leaving the rest of the day for your brain to relax and deal with fewer laborious projects.
To carry out the 3-hour morning, you should try and start a routine of getting up early because the more hours you have in the morning, the more time you have to be productive for the rest of the day. It’s also essential that you start the day with a protein-rich breakfast, which means the right kind of fuel for your brain and the rest of your body so you can work at your best level. After getting up, you should ensure that there are fewer people to distract you or cause you stress. To be exact, make sure you put away your phone and made a conscious effort not to check social media for the first 3 hours. Besides, listening to music such as sounds of nature is a good way to help stop outside noises from interrupting your concentration.
Using the Morning Well
Introduction Perhaps you are often unable to be energetic and motivated in the (71) ▲ of your work; however, you can work more productively and (72) ▲ by structuring your day.
A way to increase work productivity Attach importance to the first three hours of your day because this is the time when you have the (73) ▲ willpower and self-control.
Importance of the first three hours of a day Making full use of the first 3 hours of your day can help you achieve the highest (74) ▲ and let you feel (75) ▲ for the rest of the day.
(76) ▲ of effectively using the first three hours of a day ●Form a habit of early (77) ▲ to ensure that you have more(78) ▲ time during one day. ●Start your day with a nutritious breakfast to make you work in a best (79) ▲ early in the morning. ●Avoid distractions from others and outside noises in the first 3 hours of your day, or rather, put away your phone, (80) ▲ hard not to check social media, and listen to some sounds of nature.
①文章的标题：Using the Morning Well(好好利用早晨)
②栏目有四块：76题为信息概括题。
注意：根据右栏可以试填出76题的答案：Ways；
79题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：in the +名词+ of的介词短语；
题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：in a best +名词的介词短语。
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文，我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容：本文说明了早晨三小时对工作效率的重要性，并提出了一些高效利用这三小时的方法。本文是一篇说明文。
71.【答案】course/process
【解析】信息概括题。根据第一段第二句“Perhaps you’ve fallen into a routine of getting up at a certain time, getting into work and slumping(瘫倒)down at your desk or place of work with no energy and motivation.”可知是在工作过程中，in the course/process of 在……过程中。
72.【答案】flexibly
【解析】信息转换题。根据第一段第三句“Research has found there is an ideal structure to your day that creates best results and also the flexibility you wish for.”可知，规划一天时间以便灵活、有效地工作，此处修饰动词work, 故填flexibility的副词形式。
73.【答案】maximum
【解析】信息转换题。根据第二段最后一句中“when your willpower and self-control is at the maximum”可知是意志力和自控力最强的时候。此处是maximum的形容词用法。
74.【答案】efficiency
【解析】信息概括题。根据第三段最后一句中“cause you to complete the majority of your work at a best level”可推知填efficiency，表达“最高效率”之意。
75.【答案】relaxed
【解析】信息转换题。根据第三段最后一句中“leaving the rest of the day for your brain to relax”可知，剩下的时间可以让大脑休息，此处接在系动词feel之后，故填形容词形式relaxed。
76.【答案】Ways/Methods/Means/Ideas
【解析】信息概括题。根据表格右侧的内容可知，左侧是有效利用早晨三个小时的方法或主意。
77.【答案】rising
【解析】信息转换题。根据第四段第一句中“start a routine of getting up early”可知，要养成早起的习惯。rising有“起床”之意。
78.【答案】productive
【解析】信息查找题。根据第四段第一句中“the more time you have to be productive for the rest of the day”可知，填原词productive。
79.【答案】state
【解析】信息转换题。固定短语：in a best state在最好的状态，与at a best level同义。
80.【答案】try
【解析】信息转换题。根据文章倒数第二句中“make a conscious effort not to check social media for the first 3 hours”可知, 需要刻意地不去查看社交媒体消息。make a conscious effort=try hard努力，想方设法。
题组九
Caregiver Stress
Caregiver stress is the name for a type of stress that affects caregivers specifically. The sufferers tend to feel exhausted, get annoyed and even suffer from guilt. If you look after an elderly or disabled relative or friend and you are feeling burned out and depressed, then you might very well be suffering from caregiver stress and should look to get it addressed as soon as possible.
Caregiver stress is all too common. For most of us, looking after ourselves is stressful and tiring enough. If you then need to cook for your loved ones, help them to get dressed and take them to the doctor—everyday—you can end up exhausted. Briefly, those who care for others on a regular basis will be placed under intense demands on an ongoing basis. You might worry about your loved ones whenever they are left on their own. This then prevents you from doing the things you want to do, causes your own relationships and career to suffer and eats into your free time. There are even financial considerations that must be taken into account when looking after caregiver stress. On top of this, you might feel unappreciated and be arguing regularly with the person you’re caring for.
Is it any wonder that caregiver stress is such a big issue?
When you ask for advice from friends and loved ones, what you’ll hear most commonly in all likelihood is that you should send them into a home, hire extra care or get more assistance from other family members. If you can do this, then you absolutely should, for the sake of both of you - especially if you are much stressed.
But while this advice sounds good in theory, it often is not that easy. Getting care can be very expensive and some dependents will be resistant to the idea. If you can’t change the situation, then you need to acknowledge that you are experiencing caregiver stress and take measures to protect yourself. Setting clear boundaries can help a lot; so you can have honest and frank discussions with your dependent about why those boundaries are there. Find an outlet, whether it be a weekly hike in the woods or a gym session twice a week. Taking regular holidays is also important—and while you might feel stressed doing these things and your dependent might not like it, it is once again important for the health and safety of both you and your dependent. If you burn out, then you won’t be any use to them.
Caregiver Stress
Introduction to caregiver stress ●Caregiver stress refers to a type of stress affecting caregivers. ●Caregiver stress is (71) ▲ by a state of exhaustion, anger, guilt and depression.
Causes of caregiver stress ●Care-giving is not only physically tiring, but also emotionally stressful and draining, because caregivers have to take care of someone (72) ▲ for a long time.●Caregivers are concerned about the person they look after in their (73) ▲ .●Caregivers might be (74) ▲ of time and energy to handle their(75) ▲ affairs, relationships as well as job affairs.●Caregivers sometimes have to take (76) ▲ into consideration.●Caregivers are likely to experience periods of time when the dependent is not (77) ▲ for their hard work and (78) ▲ with the dependent arise quite often.
Ways to(79) ▲ caregiver stress ●Leave your dependent in others’ care.●If you have to bear the responsibility on your own, set clear boundaries.●Take exercise to (80) ▲ your negative feelings.●Take a holiday on a regular basis.
①文章的标题：Caregiver Stress(照顾者压力)
②栏目有三块：79题为信息概括题。
注意：根据空格后面的名词短语caregiver stress可以试填出题的答案：handle；
74题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：be +形容词+of的短语；
78题提醒我们注意：这里有可能是：动词+with的动词短语。
③结合表格给出的框架浏览全文，我们可以快速得出短文的大体内容：短文介绍了什么是“照顾者压力”及其起因和缓解或者处理照顾人压力的方法。本文是一篇说明文。
71.【答案】characterized
【解析】信息概括题。根据第一段的第一句话，caregiver stress的典型特点是exhaustion, anger, guilt and depression.又结合固定搭配be characterized by，由于不存在be featured by故不可填featured。
72.【答案】regularly
【解析】信息转换题。根据第二段的第一句话，Briefly, those who care for others on a regular basis will be placed under intense demands on an ongoing basis.这句话里面同义替换很多, on a regular basis与答案regularly同义替换，题干中的take care of与care for 同义替换，on an ongoing basis与for a long time同义替换。
73.【答案】absence
【解析】信息转换题。这里应该和第二段的第四行，you might worry about your loved ones whenever they are left on their own.这里应该是照顾者不在的时候，in one’s absence 属于固定搭配。
74.【答案】robbed/short
【解析】信息转换题。这里还是和第二段倒数第三行的eats into your free time同义替换，就是照顾者会没有自己的时间, 所以是short of time and energy, 注意，如果是lack的话，应该是you are lacking in time.此处后面的of决定前面那一空只能用形容词。
75.【答案】Personal/Private
【解析】信息转换题。这里和第二段的倒数第四行的prevent you from doing the things you want to do 同义替换，自己的事情没有时间做，用Personal/Private affairs。
76.【答案】money/expense(s)/finances
【解析】信息转换题。这里和第二段倒数第三行, there are even financial considerations,也就是要考虑到金钱问题，应该是money或者finances。
77.【答案】grateful
【解析】信息转换题。和第二段的最后一句话有大量的同义替换，unappreciated与not grateful for同义替换，arguments与arguing词性转换。
78.【答案】arguments/quarrels
【解析】信息转换题。解析见第77题。
79.【答案】handle/manage/relieve
【解析】信息概括题。最后两段应该是一些解决方案，应该是缓解或者处理照顾人压力的方法，缓解应该用relieve，处理用manage/tackle/handle。
80.【答案】release
【解析】信息转换题。根据最后一段的第五行find an outlet，也就是你需要找到释放压力的出口，应该试release.
题组十
Teachers play countless roles for students. They act as a parent, as a teacher or even as a friend to many learners. Thus, they need to be sensitive and responsive to the needs of their students not only in academic aspect, but also in personal, social and emotional fields. In other words, they are supposed to know what their students want.
First of all, students need to be respected. Respect them as a group and as individuals. It develops their self-respect and it makes them more receptive to learning when students feel that they are valued and respected. The number one sign of disrespect is bringing a person down. Though many educators camouflage(掩饰)
encouragement by undervaluing students, bear in mind that not all students have the ability to withstand insults or negative comments.
In addition, though students like to hear praises from their teachers, yet giving only praises for a job well done may not be enough because students need constructive feedback for further improvement of their performances. Recognizing their strong points and helping them overcome their weak points are important. Don’t criticize because it will just increase students’ defensiveness. Avoid saying “but” because it can mean that praises are half-meant. Instead, follow the commending(赞美的)statement with “and” to lessen the chances of students’ defensiveness. Feedback should also be objective.
Thirdly, students wish their teacher to be humorous. They want happy moments in class. Telling a joke when suitable may increase students’ enthusiasm to focus more on the

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