丝绸之路

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丝绸之路

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《丝路明珠》教学设计
龙港十一中 肖云星
一、教学任务分析
1、教材结构与内容分析
本单元以中国和世界为舞台,从人们社会生活的差异着眼,选择典型的、具有特色的区域生活,如平原、山地、沿江沿海、草原、沙漠、城市等地人们的生产和生活。在这里,自然环境只是作为区域生活的背景,文化传统、社会生活则是侧重点。通过典型案例的展示,帮助学生理解人类生产、生活与自然环境的关系,形成人与自然和谐相处的意识。另外,教给学生区域调查方法,了解本地自然和社会状况也是本单元的目标之一。
本课通过介绍我国的新疆和波斯湾沿岸国家这两个典型的干旱地区,展现了人们适应干旱环境,并利用、改造自然,创造灿烂文化这一主题。
丝路明珠:着重介绍吐鲁番等地的绿洲农业。古代人民充分利用有限的水资源,发明独特的灌溉系统——坎儿井,从而形成具有特色的绿洲农业,使得绿洲地区丰衣足食,并为“丝绸之路”上往来的商旅提供宝贵的水源和食物。可以说,没有绿洲就没有“丝绸之路”
2、课程标准:
通过典型实例比较不同地区在各自的自然环境条件下,人们社会生活和风土人情等方面的特点,以及人地关系方面的主要问题。
3、教学目标:
知识与技能:
通过本课学习,让学生了解新疆地区的区域特色生活,包括绿洲农业、文化传统、社会生活;了解新疆作为干旱地区发展绿洲农业的措施及其意义;理解干旱地区的自然条件会影响到人类的生活和社会经济的发展。
过程与方法:
⑴通过在课堂上展示蓝猫朋友西行之旅中所拍到的录象和图片等活动,让学生从中了解新疆地区的区域特色生活,掌握一定的收集、处理、加工信息的能力和合作的能力。
⑵通过置疑讨论,使学生理解一个地区的自然环境与当地人们的生活和社会经济的发展是息息相关的。
情感态度与价值观:
⑴通过新疆的案例学习,理解干旱地区的自然条件如何影响人类的生活和社会经济的发展,体会人类是如何利用自己的智慧来适应环境、改造自然,与干旱环境和谐并存,形成人与自然和谐相处的意识。
⑵通过教学,让学生认识到科学合理地利用有限的水资源是干旱地区人们生存和发展的关键。培养学生环保意识和节约用水、珍惜保护水资源的意识。
二、教学重点、难点
重点:新疆地区的区域特色,包括绿洲农业、文化传统、社会生活。(在这里,自然环境只是作为区域生活的背景,文化传统、社会生活则是侧重点。通过典型案例的展示,帮助学生理解人类生产、生活与自然环境的关系,形成人与自然和谐相处的意识。)
难点:坎儿井的结构及其作用
培养环保意识和节约用水、珍惜保护水资源的意识。
(温州地处江南水乡,降水量充沛,学生对干旱地区的生活较为遥远,没有切身的感受)
三、学生分析
本课的对象是七年级的学生,思维活跃,好表现自己,喜欢新鲜事物,容易接受新知识和新观念。他们身处江南水乡地区,新疆等干旱地带的生活情况离学生的现实生活比较遥远,又因他们年龄与经验的局限,使得他们对这些地区区域特征的认识缺乏实际的体验和深入的理解。另外,学生间的个体差异比较明显,需要根据学生的不同特点组织小组合作学习。
四、教学构思:
这节课我主要是利用学生喜闻乐见的动画片《蓝猫淘气三千问》进行新课导入,把丝路明珠分为自然环境、坎儿井、丝绸之路和绿洲农业四个环节,并以蓝猫西天取经的所见所闻所思进行课堂串联,引起学生浓厚的兴趣。学生能够在课堂中主动参与、乐于探究、勤于动脑,从而较成功地体现了新课程新理念下所要求的探究性、趣味性、教育性的统一。
六、教法和学法
教法:
问题法:通过系列逻辑清晰、层次分明的设问来贯穿全课,激发学生的求知欲,启发学生思维。
案例分析法:通过新疆的案例学习,理解干旱地区的自然条件如何影响人类的生活和社会经济的发展,体会人类是如何利用自己的智慧来适应环境、改造自然,与干旱环境和谐并存,形成人与自然和谐相处的意识。
创设情景法:组织学生观看视频图片,让学生切身感受,自主探索,获取新知,突出学生创造性表现的机会,体验成功的喜悦。,同时有利于培养学生收集、处理、加工信息的能力和合作的精神。
学法:自学法,让学生自主探索,教师适当点拨,获取新知。
讨论法:集思广益,培养合作意识。
七、教学准备
教师:查找相关资料制成多媒体课件
八、教学程序
新课导入:
师:大家好!今天这节课有一位新朋友要跟我们大家见面。猜猜看,他到底是谁呢?
展示:蓝猫图片:嘿,大家好!我是蓝猫!《蓝猫淘气三千问》的主角!
师:前段时间蓝猫朋友看了《西游记》,心血来潮,背起行囊,异想天开:西天探险之旅。不过,她这次不像唐僧师徒四人一起西天取经,单枪匹马,还需要同学们的帮助。大家愿不愿意?
生:(异口同声)愿意。(选用卡通人物——蓝猫进行课堂导入,有助于激发学生的学习兴趣,一下子吸引了学生的注意力。)
(一)创设情境,揭示主题:
师:蓝猫朋友首先来到了一个地方:
播放:《沙漠》片段,让学生畅谈对此的第一感觉。(切身感受该地区的干旱环境)
展示:中国政区图
师:蓝猫朋友匆匆打开了早已准备好的中国地图,可是非常遗憾,蓝猫根本看不懂这张地图。蓝猫看不懂这张地图,你们看得懂吗?好,现在就请我们同学们帮蓝猫一个忙,给他介绍一下这块沙漠在中国的大致地理位置?
生:新疆。
师:你们对新疆知道多少?
展示:新疆地方图。(学生回答,教师分别点击出气候、降水量、地形和季风与非季风区界线等自然环境。教师设计这一教学环节,一方面是为检测学生对第一单元有关地图知识的掌握程度,另一方面是为培养学生的观察能力和读图能力。)
师:这时,蓝猫朋友又拍到了一组图片:
展示:《沙漠、绿洲》图片(配曲),蓝猫朋友迷惑不解:
沙漠地方怎么会有绿洲呢?绿洲是个很大的洲吗?
在学生回答的基础上,教师作出说明:有绿洲就意味着有什么呢?
生:水。
师:水的发源地又是在新疆哪里?
展示:天山雪景图。
师:那么当地人们用什么办法把远在天边的雪水引到绿洲上来的?
(《沙漠》和《绿洲》图片展现的都属于新疆的自然风光,但画面内容截然相反。老师展示这组画面的目的,一方面是给学生增强对新疆地区的感性认识,另一方面,是想通过强烈的视觉反差,造成悬念,激发学生的学习兴趣和求知欲,为课堂教学提供了有利的教学情境。它揭示出本课的主题,同时也很自然地过渡到“坎儿井”的教学.)
(二)提出问题,启发讨论:
展示:坎儿井图片
蓝猫朋友:坎儿井是口井吗?
(通过提问,引导学生过渡到坎儿井的学习)
播放:《坎儿井》录象,并要求思考下列问题:
展示:《坎儿井》结构图
问:坎儿井主要由哪四部分组成?
合作与讨论:这种结构有什么优点?
(坎儿井的结构及其作用是本课的教学难点之一,通过录像,使学生对坎儿井有感性的认识,组织学生进行讨论,使学生对坎儿井的结构及其合理性有更深的认识,这有助于突破本课的难点,并使从中体验人地的和谐关系)
师:这时蓝猫朋友从背包里拿出了一本杂志,看到了这么一个故事:
展示:《梦中楼兰》文字资料。
蓝猫朋友:这是怎么回事?
播放:《丝绸之路》片段
展示 :《丝绸之路路线图》
时光倒流:假如你是汉时的商人,要到西方去贩卖商品你准备怎么走?在路上你最需要解决什么问题?当地人们又是如何解决的?(在学生回答的基础上得出:没有坎儿井就没有丝绸之路)
(关于丝绸之路的知识比较枯燥且初步接触,通过视频形式介绍信息,学生容易接受,通过角色转换,能够激起学生的求知欲和好胜心理)
师:那么,今天这条古老的丝绸之路还在吗?蓝猫朋友又拍了组照片:
展示:丝绸之路遗址。
蓝猫朋友的烦恼:古丝绸之路为什么会消逝去了呢?(学生讨论,教师总结:人们不合理地开发利用大自然。为下面解决现代绿洲农业面临的危机而采取哪些措施作好铺垫)
师:蓝猫朋友玩了这么久,肚子也有点饿了,嘴巴也有点渴了。想找点吃的|喝的,最后,她找到了这样一个地方。
播放:《吐鲁番的葡萄熟了》
展示:蓝猫朋友:哇噻,真甜呀!你们知道过哪些新疆特产与风土人情?(学生畅所欲言,组内交流。)
播放:《我们新疆好地方》(此时此地渲染气氛,学生容易触景生情,有感而发)
师:今天的新疆,物产丰美,民族风情独特。请各组代表上台介绍新疆。
(组织学生自主查找信息,让学生自主探索,获取新知,鼓励学生上台展示,突出学生创造性表现的机会,体验成功的喜悦。同时有利于培养学生收集、处理、加工信息的能力和合作的精神。同时也可以起到检测学生对新疆作为干旱地区的典型案例的自主学习效果以及掌握程度。教师提示要“饮水思源”:即“没有坎儿井就没有传统绿洲农业”)
师: 今天新疆的绿洲农业有没有面临着什么危机呢?还是看看蓝猫朋友拍的几张照片吧。
展示:塔里木河的危机等图
出金点子:请同学们结合古丝绸之路兴衰教训,谈谈在科学技术发达的今天,可以采取哪些措施使新疆现代绿洲农业的明天更加美好?
(在这一教学环节中,教师不是充当单纯地说教者、分析者、讲解者,而只是作为整个学习活动的组织者和引导者的身份出现,鼓励学生对自己前面学到的知识加以充分地分析和运用,要树立环保意识,节约用水,依靠科技等,从而深化本课教学主题——人们应合理利用开发大自然。通过这一教学环节,学生的主动性和创造性也在课堂中得到了充分的发挥,学生成为了课堂的真正主人,同时传统的以教师为核心的课堂模式也转变为以学生为主体的开放式教学)
(三)知识梳理          
展示:活动点击:把下述主要概念之间的关系用适当的形式表达出来。

(通过知识梳理,使学生能从中理解事物间的内在联系,体会人类是如何利用自己的智慧来适应环境、改造自然,与干旱环境和谐并存,形成人与自然和谐相处的意识。)
(四)课堂小结
展示:蓝猫朋友:哈哈,我还真取到经了。好高兴啊!
师:什么经?
(学生交流总结这节课的收获。最后教师画龙点睛:“人类与自然密切相关,人们应合理利用开发大自然,即人类与自然的和谐。)
(五)扩展空间
展示:如果干旱沙漠地区没有了冰川资源,当地人们又是如何利用其自然条件来发展经济生存下去呢 (给学生留下一定的探究空间,也为下文的波斯湾沿岸国家的干旱地区人们的社会生活搭好桥梁。)
八、旁人点评
龙港三中社会学科带头人刘日波老师对这节课曾评价:“无论是对教材的处理,问题的设计,学生活动的安排均有其独特之处,都能符合新课程的教学理念——“以学生发展为本”, “是我听过的同一内容的课中最具有代表性的一堂课”。这个课例在教学设计上有很大突破,可以概括为八个字:活泼开放、积极主动。教师能够根据初一学生的年龄特征和兴趣爱好,利用卡通人物蓝猫进行课堂串联,激发了学生的学习热情和学习兴趣;同时在整个教学过程中,教师都是以学习活动的组织者和引导者的身份出现,利用环环相扣的情境设计激发学生的好奇心和求知欲,使学生能够在课堂中主动参与、积极探究教师所设计的问题。这样的教学设计成功地完成了新课程新理念下所要求的探究性、趣味性、教育性相统一的目标。
听课教师认为,该课的内容涉及到干旱地区,这对地处降水量丰沛的江南学生来说,显得比较遥远,没有切身的感受。该课在设计时充分发挥了多媒体辅助教学的优越性,呈现大量的地图、景观图、录象和文字信息,使教学内容丰富生动、直观形象,缩短了学生与课程的距离,大大调动了学生学习、参与的积极性。该课的问题设计针对性很强,基本上围绕着本课的重点、难点而设计,层层置疑,环环相扣,能激起学生的求知欲和深层思维。同时,该课通过抢答、讨论、上台展示的学习方式,给学生提供了足够的自主学习时空和表现自我的机会,使学生能充分发挥潜能,始终以较高的学习热情参与动态教学。另外,该课内容的拓展部分使本课的知识以及学生的情感得到了升华,成为本课的另一亮点。
干旱之地地   
之地
坎儿井
丝绸之路
绿洲农业

宝地
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3ACTIVEX XTRA 1.0
==================
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or machine-readable form in whole or in part without prior
written approval of Macromedia, Inc.
Macromedia, Inc.
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==================
IMPORTANT NOTE:
When using the ActiveXControlQuery() function you should note that
it checks for the existence of a particular ClassID. If that ID
is found, the function will return an affirmative response regardless
of the version of the installed control. This leaves open the
possibility that an older version of a control can coincidentally be
found on the target machine and produce unpredictable results. For
this reason you should always force an install of your intended
controls unless you are certain that all machines on which your piece
will run would never have older versions of your controls already
installed.FileIO Xtra for Macromedia Authorware 6.0
Copyright 2001 Macromedia, Inc.
FileIO provides a set of functions allowing users of Macromedia Authorware 6.0 to programmatically access files using scripting.
Using FileIO
============
As an Xtra the FileIO Xtra must be in your application's Xtras folder.
Each instance of FileIO can reference a single open file. If multiple files are to be opened simultaneously, a new instance of FileIO is required for each opened file. A single instance can be used to open multiple files, as long as the file is closed before a new file is opened. To create a new instance use NewObject, defined below. To dispose of an instance, set the instance variable to 0. All functions that read from or write to the file must be called after the file has been opened using openFile. If a new file is to be opened using the same instance, the old file must first be closed using closeFile. Files can be opened in three different modes: Read, Write and Read/Write. When writing to a file, the contents of the file after the current position are overwritten.
Example Script:
-- Create an instance of FileIO
myFile := NewObject("fileio")
-- Display an "open" dialog and return the file name to Authorware
myFileName := CallObject(myFile, "displayOpen")
-- Open the file
CallObject(myFile, "openFile", myFileName, 1)
-- Read the file and return a string to Authorware
theFile := CallObject(myFile, "readFile")
-- Close the file
CallObject(myFile, "closeFile")
-- Dispose of the instance
myFile := 0
In this example, a new instance was created and stored in the variable myFile. Next, a call to displayOpen is used to display an open dialog to allow a file to be selected. The file name is returned as a fully qualified path string to Authorware. The file is then opened in read-only mode, the contents of the file are read, and the file is closed. Lastly, the instance is disposed.
There is also an Authorware Show Me (xtraio.a6p) which demonstrates how to use the Xtra. It can be found in the Show Mes installed with Authorware 6.
Known Problems
==============
The FileIO Xtra cannot use a net-based file when supplied with a URL for the file name. It is limited to accessing files available via file systems mounted on the local system.
The displaySave function does not directly inform Authorware whether a user is replacing an existing file. A workaround is to attempt to create the file using createFile and check the error code for a "File Already Exists" error.
Function Reference
==================
closeFile
CallObject(object, "closeFile")
Closes a file that has been previously opened using openFile.
createFile
CallObject(object, "createFile", "fileName")
Creates a file. The fileName must be either a fileName to be created in the current directory, or a fully qualified path and fileName. Relative paths are not supported. After creating the new file, the file must be opened before it can be written to.
delete
CallObject(object, "delete")
Deletes the currently opened file. The file must be open to use this function.
displayOpen
CallObject(object, "displayOpen")
Displays a platform specific "open" dialog allowing a user to select a file. Returns a fully qualified path and fileName to Authorware. The setFilterMask function can be used to control what file types are displayed in the dialog.
displaySave
CallObject(object, "displaySave", "title", "defaultFileName")
Displays a platform specific "save" dialog allowing a user to specify a file. Returns a fully qualified path and fileName to Authorware. The setFilterMask function can be used to control what file types are displayed in the dialog. The title and defaultFileName parameters allow you to specify a default filename to be displayed, as well as title text for the save dialog.
error
CallObject(object, "error", status)
Returns a readable error string. A numeric error code is passed in as the third argument. (Also refer to the 'status' function.) The errors returned can be any of the following:
"OK"
"Memory allocation failure"
"File directory full"
"Volume full"
"Volume not found"
"I/O Error"
"Bad file name"
"File not open"
"Too many files open"
"File not found"
"No such drive"
"No disk in drive"
"Directory not found"
"Instance has an open file"
"File already exists"
"File is opened read-only"
"File is opened write-only"
"Unknown error"
fileName
CallObject(object, "fileName")
Returns the file name string of the current open file. The file must be open use this function.
getFinderInfo
CallObject(object, "getFinderInfo")
Returns the Type and Creator of the current file as a string. This function does nothing when used under Windows. The file must be open to use this function.
getLength
CallObject(object, "getLength")
Gets the length of the currently opened file. Returned as an integer. The file must be open to use this function. The value returned is the length of the file in bytes.
getOSDirectory
getOSDirectory()
A function that returns the full path to either the Windows directory, or the System Folder depending on which OS is currently being used. Does not require a child instance to call.
getPosition
CallObject(object, "getPosition")
Gets the file position of the current open file. Returned as an integer. The file must be open to use this function.
NewObject
NewObject("fileio")
This is called to create a new instance of FileIO. It returns an instance variable used to reference the instance.
openFile
CallObject(object, "openFile", "fileName", mode)
Opens the named file. This call must be used before any read/write operations can take place. The filename can be either a fully qualified path and filename, or a relative filename. The openMode parameter specifies whether to open the file in Read, Write or Read Write mode. Valid Flags are: 0 Read/Write, 1 Read, 2 Write.
readChar
CallObject(object, "readChar")
Reads the character (either single or double-byte) at the current position and then increments the position. The character is returned to Authorware as a string. The file must be open in read or read/write mode to use this function.
readFile
CallObject(object, "readFile")
Reads from the current position to the end of the file and returns the file to Authorware as a string. The file must be open in read or read/write mode to use this function.
readLine
CallObject(object, "readLine")
Reads from the current position up to and including the next Return, increments the position, and returns the string to Authorware. The file must be open in read or read/write mode to use this function.
readToken
CallObject(object, "readToken", "skip", "break")
Reads the next 'token' starting at the current position. Characters matching the 'skip' parameter are "skipped" and the file is read until 'break' is encountered. The file must be open in read or read/write mode to use this function. This function will read double-byte tokens as long as the skip and break are single-byte characters. It will not detect double-byte skip or break characters.
readWord
CallObject(object, "readWord")
Reads the next word starting at the current position. The file must be open in read or read/write mode to use this function.
setFilterMask
CallObject(object, "setFilterMask", "mask")
Sets the filter mask used by calls to displayOpen and displaySave. The filter mask determines what files to show when displaying an "open" or "save" dialog. The third parameter is a string representing the filter mask to set.
On Windows, this is a comma-separated string of file types and associated extensions (e.g. "All Files,*.*,Text Files,*.TXT"), and a string of types on the Macintosh (e.g. "TEXTPICT"). On Windows, the filter mask string is limited to 256 characters.
On the Macintosh, you are limited to four four-character types. When a new instance of FileIO is created, the filter masks defaults to all files. To reset the filter mask to display all files after it has been set, just pass in an empty string, e.g. CallObject(object, "setFilterMask", "").
setFinderInfo
CallObject(object, "setFinderInfo", "attributes")
Sets the Type and Creator of the current file. The string takes the form of a space-separated set of TYPE and CREATOR codes (e.g. "TEXT TTXT"). This function does nothing when used under Windows. The file must be open to use this function.
setPosition
CallObject(object, "setPosition", position)
Sets the file position of the current open file. The file must be open to use this function.
status
CallObject(object, "status")
Returns the error code returned by the last function called. The value is returned as an integer. (Also refer to the 'error' function.)
version
CallParentObject("fileio", "version")
Returns FileIO version and build information. Useful when filing bug reports, or determining installed version while authoring. No practical use beyond this.
writeChar
CallObject(object, "writeChar", "theChar")
Writes a single character to the file at the current position. The file must be open in write or read/write mode to use this function.
writeString
CallObject(object, "writeString", "theString")
Writes a string to the file at the current position. The file must be open in write or read/write mode to use this function.
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