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《阿拉伯帝国与伊斯兰文明》教学设计
龙绕初中 陈东清
【教学目标】
知识与技能：1．通过了解穆罕默德的主要生平和伊斯兰教的创建，理解伊斯兰教是7世纪阿拉伯社会的选择。通过阅读地图了解帝国的兴衰及其版图疆域情况，提高学生获取信息并处理信息的能力。
过程与方法：2．通过模拟旅行情景教学形式，体会历史人物的作为与时代背景的内在联系。通过自主探究阿拉伯文化，尝试多角度探究阿拉伯文化产生的根源及对东西方文化交流所作的贡献。
情感、态度、价值观：3．通过学习阿拉伯的历史，为了解伊斯兰文化对世界文化的巨大贡献，树立对世界和平的热爱和珍惜。
【重点难点】
重点：伊斯兰教的创立以及它在阿拉伯帝国形成过程中的影响；阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化在东西方文化的交流与融会中的作用。
难点：阿拉伯—伊斯兰教文明的兼容
新课导入
（教师展示①，定位阿拉伯半岛）
师引导：通过七年级上册《干旱的宝地》一课的学习，同学们已经了解到西亚的阿拉伯半岛的一些基本情况，请那位同学作一个简单的介绍。
师归纳：阿拉伯半岛位于西亚，是世界上主要的干旱地区之一，波斯湾沿岸地区号称“世界石油宝库”，蕴藏着丰富的石油资源。现今的阿拉伯半岛利用丰富的石油资源，购买先进的节水灌溉设备，使用海水淡化技术，已经把瀚海的沙漠改造成了干旱的宝地、出现了美丽的城市和绿洲。
（过渡）那么大家对1400多年以前的阿拉伯半岛、阿拉伯国家是否清楚呢？
今天我们就一起来探究一下。 ②
师：现在就让我们跟随着沙漠驼铃，走进阿拉伯，探寻1000多年前阿拉伯人生活的足迹——阿拉伯之旅。沙漠就在前方，骆驼正在整装待发，我们的阿拉伯之旅就要出发了，同学们都准备好了吗？
1、说一说：
“要使我们的旅行更加顺利，出发前我们得先（再）来了解一下阿拉伯半岛的自然环境特征。那谁来给大家介绍一下？”
学生描述，教师归纳：那好，老师把同学们介绍的归纳一下（地处亚洲西部，三洲交界，三面临海；气候：炎热干燥，降水很少，沙漠广布），正是这一些组成了阿拉伯人生活的家园。
2、想一想：
（1）在这干旱的沙漠中，（这样的恶劣地形和气候条件下），阿拉伯人们是怎样生活的？③——游牧生活
（2）而由于优越的地理位置使得一部分阿拉伯人就从游牧生活中分离出来，从事——商业活动，并带来了文化 ( http: / / www. / html / gongwenxiezuo / kejiaowenti / Index.shtml )的繁荣，那时的地图见证了阿拉伯人的足迹。下面就让我们去实地感受一下吧！
第一站，麦加 ④
从前面可以得知整个半岛民心思变。那在这样一个风云激荡的年代里，英雄人物的出现也就是必然了. 假如你是那个时代的阿拉伯人，你会怎么办？
学生发表见解，师：这个城市里，诞生了一位伟大的传奇人物，你们知道他是怎么办的吗？ ⑤ 视频——《穆罕默德创立伊斯兰教》
在座同学中有信仰伊斯兰教的吗？谁来介绍一下：还有没有同学能够补充一些有关伊斯兰教的情况吗？课件演示： ⑥
创立者是穆罕默德；
时间是610年；
教徒称作穆斯林，信奉真主安拉；
根本经典是《古兰经》，基本教义。
穆罕默德的主张吸引了许多不富裕的人，却遭到了麦加贵族和富人们的强烈反对。他们开始阻止他的宣传，打击、压制他。最后穆罕默德不得不从麦加流亡，与622年带领信徒出走麦地那。 ⑦
第二站我们就追随着穆罕默德的足迹，到麦地那去走一走。(思考课件 ⑧)
壮志满怀的穆罕默德他率领自己的信徒们高举圣战旗帜，取得了节节胜利，到632年他去世之前，基本统一了阿拉伯 ⑨。半岛统一了，伊斯兰教义也成为半岛的主导思想，穆罕默德的继承者们却没有停止战争的步伐，在一个多世纪里，他们发动了大规模的对外战争，终于建立起了一个庞大的帝国。（课件演示）⑨
第三站就让我们一起紧跟穆斯林圣战的旗帜，来到它的都城巴格达城，了解一下古代阿拉伯帝国的情况。
第三站，巴格达（链接图片 ⑩ 并返回）
阿拉伯帝国建立以后，曾一度非常繁荣。特别是首都巴格达商业繁荣，成为当时世界三大名城之一。但是，和古往今来那些建立在战争和剥削基础上的帝国一样，阿拉伯帝国也注定了走向衰弱。1258年西征的蒙古军队攻占巴格达，打败了阿拉伯帝国。
帝国虽然衰落了，但阿拉伯人们凭借自己的智慧创造的灿烂文化却在帝国的废墟上源源流传。
最后，让我们一起来到古老的阿拉伯历史文化博物馆。⑾老师已经先参观过了，在这大致总结了下。⑿说一说这些展厅中你最感兴趣的是哪一个？
（1）阿拉伯文化展厅：学生讲述自己收获，教师相应展示收集的资料图片。
数学、化学、天文、医学、阿拉伯数字、翻译，传播古代著作、文学。
一个曾经贫瘠、荒凉、干旱的半岛，在短短的一两百年创造出如此灿烂的文化，真是人类的奇迹啊！
（2）七嘴八舌，读名言，思考阿拉伯民族对待教育知识的态度对我们的启迪！
伊斯兰教的产生与传播
阿拉伯半岛的统一
阿拉伯帝国的形成和衰落
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231 231 231 30.00 0.44 1.88 1.78 1.68 1.58GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
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黄沙漫漫，绿洲点点，传来声声驼铃；
三面环海，石油滚滚，无奈战火硝烟。
阿拉伯半岛
你知道这是哪个地区吗？
地理位置
亚洲西部，三洲交界，
三面临海
气候
炎热干燥，
降水很少，沙漠广布
阿拉伯人生活的家园
游牧生活
商业活动
麦加
穆罕默德出生在麦加的一个没落贵族家庭，从小失去父母，生
活贫困，放过羊。 12岁开始闯荡江湖，跟随商队去过巴勒斯坦、叙
利亚等地，阅历丰富。 25岁结婚，成为一位富有的贵族。610年开
始传教，创立伊斯兰教，后又基本统一了阿拉伯半岛。632年去世。
伊斯兰教的 创立 及 早期历史
创始人：
时 间:
地 点:
信奉真主：
教 徒：
经 典:
教 义:
610年，即七世纪
麦加
宇宙间惟一的神是“真主”安拉，而自己是“真主”的使者、信徒的先知。他号召大家都信仰“真主”，放弃信仰本部落的神。
《古兰经》
穆罕默德
穆斯林
麦加
麦地那
伊斯兰教是如何来纪念这个历史事件的？
穆罕默德：被打击
受欢迎和尊重
伊斯兰教：被排斥
获生存和发展
麦地那
阅读思考
阿拉伯国家
在麦地那，穆罕默德与伊斯兰教发生了什么变化？
麦加
622年
转折点
纪年元年
（633年）
（政教合一）
阿拉伯帝国版图有什么特点
8-9世纪鼎盛
地跨欧亚非的大帝国
唐 朝
西临
大西洋
北接
黑海与里海
东到
印度河
流域
南包
整个半岛
中国在那时正处于哪一朝代？
麦加
麦地那
巴格达
阿拉伯历史文化博物馆
阿拉伯数字
翻译、传播古代著作
清真寺建筑
文学
天文、医学 、数学、化学
你最感兴趣的是哪个呢？
一般以圆顶寺庙为主体,
坐落在正方或长方形的中央,
四周是带有拱门的回廊,
墙壁上装饰着各种镶嵌图案.
世界各地清真寺的建筑风格各有不同，这种现象说明了什么？
印度
欧洲
欧洲
中国
世界各国清真寺
清真寺建筑风格在传播过程中
与各地的文化传统相结合,
成为世界文化交流的结晶.
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阿拉伯帝国的天文仪器
阿拉伯人绘制的世界地图
制作的地球仪
阿拉伯帝国的医学解剖图
阿拉伯医院
《天方夜谭》
帝国的阿拉伯人与其他民族在科学文化上持宽容与兼收并蓄的态度，从而大大推动了科学与技术的进步和发展。
结合材料思考:一个曾经贫瘠、荒凉、干旱的半岛，为什么会在短短的一两百年创造出如此灿烂的文化？
当欧洲笼罩于基督教的黑暗之时，阿拉伯文明光芒璀璨。纵向来看，它在人类历史上具有不可或缺的承前（希腊、罗马）启后（文艺复兴）的作用；横向来看，东、西方文明在此碰撞，水乳交融，相得 益彰……
古代印度、希腊、波斯正是通过广大穆斯林科学家与学者的创造性劳动，古代印度、希腊、波斯与罗马的科学巨著得以矫正并保存。
寻求真理，哪怕远在中国
——穆罕默德
人最美的装饰品是知识
——阿拉伯格言
读名言，思考阿拉伯民族对待
教育知识的态度对我们的启迪！
一位领袖：
穆罕默德
伊斯兰教
阿拉伯帝国
阿拉伯—伊斯兰文化
一种宗教：
一个帝国：
一种文化：
阿拉伯帝国与伊斯兰文明
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这是一个世界著名的建筑。
位于沙特阿拉伯。
整个地面都用洁白的大理石铺砌而成。
是每个穆斯林向往的地方。
可同时容纳30万穆斯林礼拜。
中心是克尔白神庙。
麦加大清真寺
第1题
知识大比拼
是布哈剌国王穆罕默德的后裔。
父亲与祖父均曾朝拜过伊斯兰教的圣地麦加。
他是中国明朝人。
为纪念他的壮举，每年的7月11日被定为中国的航海节。
是中国历史上最杰出的航海家。
曾经七下西洋，最远到达非洲东海岸和红海沿岸。
郑和（1371～1435）
第2题
知识大比拼
古兰经
这是一部书。
是一部汇编而成的书。
是伊斯兰国家立法的根本原则。
穆斯林信仰的源泉和行为的最高准则。
是真主的语言，享有崇高的地位。
第3题
知识大比拼
这是一个民族
在我国分布非常广泛
不吃猪肉
居民大多信仰伊斯兰教
回族
第4题
知识大比拼
它是一部书
是中世纪阿拉伯名著
初稿在巴格达完成
以6世纪波斯民间故事为蓝本
吸收了印度、阿拉伯、埃及、希腊等地的童话
该书的故事是分夜讲述的
《天方夜谭》（又名一千零一夜）
第5题
知识大比拼
蒙古族
有这样一个民族。
骑兵横行天下。
建立了中国历史上疆域最辽阔的国家。
公元1258年攻入巴格达。阿拉伯帝国灭亡。
第6题
知识大比拼
麦地那
有这样一个地方。
是每个穆斯林都向往的地方。
穆罕默德在这里建立了政教合一的政权。
这里有能容纳100万人同时礼拜的先知寺。
穆罕默德去世后就安葬在这里。
第7题
知识大比拼
下列数学成就是哪个国家创造的？
古代印度
第8题
知识大比拼
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