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(共29张PPT)
专题一 我 们 生 活 的 世 界
(二)中国的自然和人文环境
考点3: 知道中国的地理位置( a )
课本42--43页 精析8页
我国的陆地领土面积约为960万平方公里，约占地球陆地总面积的1/15，亚洲面积的1/4。在世界各国中，仅次于俄罗斯和加拿大，位居第三。我国陆地面积相当于40个英国，或17个法国，或26个日本。
世界各大国面积比较
俄罗斯
1700多万km2
加拿大
997万km2
中国
960万km2
美国937万km2
巴西855万km2
澳大利亚768万km2
（1）根据我国的轮廓，找出我国疆域的四个端点：




最西端在新疆维吾尔自治区乌恰县以西的帕米尔高原，约东经73度40分。
最北端在黑龙江省漠河以北的黑龙江主航道中心线上，约北纬53度30分。
最南端在南海南沙群岛中的曾母暗沙，约北纬4 度。
最东端在黑龙江省抚远县以东黑龙江与乌苏里江主航道中心线相交处，约东经135 度05分。
（ 2）、 中 国 的 地 理 位 置
位 置
纬度位置：
一般描述：
邻 国
海陆位置：
半球位置：
中国位于亚洲的东部，太平洋的西岸
按经线划分，中国位于东半球；按纬线划分，中国位于北半球。
按高、中、低纬划分，中国大部分地区在中纬度；按热量带划分，中国大部分地区位于北温带。
中国位于北半球，亚洲的东部，太平洋的西岸，北回归线横穿我国南部，是一个海陆兼备的国家。
中国陆上邻国有14个，隔海相望的国家有6个。
美国
英国
蒙古
思考：从海陆疆域方面看，中国同英国、蒙古有什么不同？同美国有什么相同和不同的地方？
太 平 洋
印度洋
大西洋
北冰洋
大西洋
比较我国与英国、蒙古、美国的海陆疆域异同
我国位于亚洲的东部，太平洋的西岸，是一个海陆兼备的国家；
英国为欧洲西部的一个岛国，西临大西洋；
蒙古为亚欧大陆上的一个内陆国家；
美国也是属于海陆兼备的国家，但是其东（大西洋）西（太平洋）临海，这与我国东临太平洋，西靠大陆有所不同。
（3）、我国海陆兼备的位置有什么优越性：
利于发展农业、海洋事业和与各国的交往，幅员辽阔的国土为民族的发展和社会的进步提供空间，奠定基础。
黄海
渤海
东海
南海
太平洋
１、划分原则
思考：从书第41页表中可看出，我国的行政　　　区域分为哪三级？
２、三级行政区
①省（自治区、直辖市）
②县（自治县、市）
③乡（镇）
３、特别行政区的设立
便于行政管理
利于经济发展
利于民族团结
考点4：知道中国省级行政区划单位名称及位置 （ a ）
23个省
５个自治区
４个直辖市
２个特别行政区
（共34个）
思考并回答：
1、阅读《中国政区图》，数一数我国共有多少个省，多少个自治区，多少个直辖市，多少个特别行政区？
2、小组合作,复习各个省级行政区 的名称、简称、位置和省级行政中心。
山西省
（晋）
太原
（四川省）
川或蜀
成都
云南省
云或滇
（昆明）
浙江省
（浙）
杭州
名 称 简 称 行 政 中 心
舟山群岛
东
海
渤海
黄海
东　海
南
海
浙江省的位置：浙江位于东海之滨，海域辽阔，岛屿众多。北邻上海市和江苏省，西接安徽省和江西省，南连福建省。
你能说出它们的简称吗？
全国34个省级行政区名称中，含有东、西、南、北字样的各有哪些省（区）？
东：山东省、广东省；
北：北京市、湖北省、河北省。
南：河南省、湖南省、海南省、云南省；
西：陕西省、江西省、广西壮族自治
区、山西省、西藏自治区 ；
全国34个省级行政区名称中，含有江、河、湖、海字样的各有哪些省？
江：黑龙江省、江西省、浙江省、江苏省
海：上海市、海南省、青海省
湖：湖北省、湖南省
河：河北省、河南省
省级行政区之最
纬度最高的省：
纬度最低的省：
跨经度最广的省区：
黑龙江省
海南省
内蒙古自治区
面积最大的省：
邻国最多的省(区)：
新疆维吾尔自治区
新疆维吾尔自 治 区
参考课本《中国的行政区划》请以辽宁为起点，分别沿陆上疆界和海岸线，按逆时针的方向依次说出省级行政单位的名称和简称。
抢答题
1、我国领土的最南端在 （ ）
A.海南岛 B.黑龙江和乌苏里江主航道中心线相交处 C.南沙群岛的曾母暗沙 D.浙江省的舟山群岛
2．与我国隔海相望的一组国家是 （ ）
印度、文莱、菲律宾 B.马来西亚、朝鲜、韩国
C.日本、朝鲜、印度尼西亚 D.文莱、菲律宾、日本
3、我国的陆上邻国中，面积最大的是 （ ）
A、哈萨克斯坦 B、印度 C、俄罗斯 D、蒙古
4、我国面积最大的省级行政区是 （ ）
A、内蒙古自治区 B、新疆维吾尔自治区
C、四川省 　　 D、黑龙江省
5、关于我国位置的叙述，正确的是 （ ）
A、我国深居亚洲腹地，与世界各国联系不便
B、我国的大部分处在热带，热量条件不好
C、南回归线穿过我国的南部
D、我国跨纬度近50°，南北气候差异大
6、香港、澳门回归祖国，中国政府已在那里设立了（ ）
A、中央直辖市 B、省 C、自治区 D、特别行政区
7、我国完全处于热带的省级行政区 （ ）
A、台湾省 B、广东省 C、云南省 D、海南省
8、下列四组省级行政区中，互不相邻的是 （ ）
A、河南、河北 B、山东、山西
C、广东、广西 D、湖南、湖北
猜猜我是谁？
1.我是中国最大的岛屿，我正在期待回到祖国的怀抱，我是（ ）。
2.我是一个省级行政区，面临东海，祖国最大的岛屿舟山群岛也是我的一部分，我是（ ）。
3.我们祖国有四大海域，我是其中唯一的一个内海，我是（ ）。FileIO Xtra
Version 1.0.4 - 09dec97 CH
FileIO Xtra for Macromedia Director 6.0
=======================================
FileIO provides a set of methods allowing users of Macromedia Director 6.0 to
programmatically access files using the Lingo scripting language. The FileIO
Xtra is a scripting Xtra. The scripting Xtra interface is portable across
all Macromedia products. Hence the FileIO Xtra may be used with Authorware 4.
Using FileIO
============
If automatic opening is desired, place a copy of the FileIO Xtra for your platform
into Application Xtra's folder. If automatic opening is not desired, the Xtra can be
placed anywhere and opened using Lingo's 'openXLib' command. This applies to
projector's as well, the Xtra must be placed in an Xtra's folder in the same folder
as the projector.
Each instance of FileIO can reference a single open file. If multiple files are to
be opened simultaneously, a new instance of FileIO is required for each opened file.
A single instance can be used to open multiple files, as long as the file is closed
before a new file is opened. To create a new instance, use the new() method, defined
below. To dispose of an instance, set the instance variable to 0. All methods that
read from or write to the file must be called after the file has been opened using
the openFile() method. If a new file is to be opened using the same instance, the
file must be closed using closeFile(). Files can be opened in three different modes:
Read, Write and Read/Write. When writing to a file, the contents of the file after
the current position are overwritten.
Example Lingo
set myFile = new(xtra "fileio") -- Create an instance of FileIO
set fileName = displayOpen(myFile) -- Display Open Dialog and return the fileName
openFile(myFile, fileName, 1) -- Open the file
set theFile = readFile(myFile) -- Read the file and return a string to Lingo
closeFile(myFile) -- Close the file
set myFile = 0 -- Dispose of the instance
In this example, we created a new instance and stored it in the variable myFile.
Next, the displayOpen() method is used to display an open dialog to allow a file to
be chosen. The file is returned as a fully-qualified path string to Lingo. The file
is then opened in read only mode, the contents of the file are read, and the file is
closed. Lastly, the instance is disposed of.
Known Problems
==============
The createFile() method does not support relative filenames, or the Lingo '@'
operator in pathnames. This will be fixed in a later version.
The displaySave() method does not directly inform Lingo whether a user is
replacing an existing file. The workaround is to attempt to create the file using
createFile() and check the error code for a "File Already Exists" error.
History
=======
09dec97 (v1.0.4)
Fixed a problem leading to garbage characters appearing at the ends of lines,
or possibly crash.
18apr97 (v1.0.2)
Fixed parenting problem with displaySave() and displayOpen() methods.
Added support for Authorware.
27may96 (v1.0.1)
Added support for double-byte character sets.
Added version() method to report FileIO Xtra version information.
Added getOSDir() to return a full path to the Windows Directory/System Folder.
15mar96 (v1.0.0 Beta)
First public release.
Method Reference
================
The first line of each definition contains the method name, a list of parameters and
thier value types. The internal name of the FileIO Xtra is "fileio". This name is
used whenever referencing the xtra using the form 'xtra "fileio"'.
Note that while Director and projector's can use net-based files by supplying a URL
for a filename, the FileIO Xtra cannot. It is limited to accessesing files available
via filesystems mounted on the local system.
New methods will appear at the bottom of this list.
---
mMessageList( xtra reference )
Returns a list of methods and parameters, as well as a brief explanation of each.
---
new( xtra reference )
This is called to create a new instance of FileIO. The Xtra can be referenced by name
or number. It returns an instance variable used to reference the instance.
---
fileName( instance )
Returns the fileName string of the current open file. The file must be open use this
method.
---
status( instance )
Returns the error code returned by the last method called. The value is returned as
an integer.
---
error( instance, int error )
Returns a readable error string. A numeric error code is passed in as the
second argument. The errors returned can be any of the following:
"OK"
"Memory allocation failure"
"File directory full"
"Volume full"
"Volume not found"
"I/O Error"
"Bad file name"
"File not open"
"Too many files open"
"File not found"
"No such drive"
"No disk in drive"
"Directory not found"
"Instance has an open file"
"File already exists"
"File is opened read-only"
"File is opened write-only"
"Unknown error"
---
setFilterMask( instance, string mask )
Sets the filter mask used by calls to displayOpen() and displaySave(). The filter
mask determines what files to show when displaying an Open or Save dialog. The second
parameter is a string representing the filter mask to set. On Windows, this is a
comma seperated string of file types and associated extensions (e.g. "All
Files,*.*,Text Files,*.TXT"), and a string of types on the Macintosh (e.g.
"TEXTPICT"). On Windows, the filter mask string is limited to 256 characters. On the
Macintosh, you are limited to four four-character types. When a new instance of
FileIO is created, the filter masks defaults to all files. To reset the filter mask to
display all files after it has been set, just pass in an empty string (e.g.
setFilterMask(me, "")).
---
openFile( instance, string fileName, int openMode )
Opens the named file. This call must be used before any read/write operations can
take place. The filename can be either a fully-qualified path and filename, or a
relative filename. The Lingo '@' pathname operator is supported. The openMode
parameter specifies whether to open the file in Read, Write or ReadWrite mode. Valid
Flags are: 0 Read/Write, 1 Read, 2 Write.
---
closeFile( instance )
Closes a file that has been previously opened using the openFile() method.
---
displayOpen( instance )
Displays a platform specific Open dialog allowing a user to specify a file. Returns a
fully-qualified path and fileName to Lingo. The setFilterMask() method can be used to
control what file types are displayed in the dialog.
---
displaySave( instance, string title, string defaultFileName )
Displays a platform specific Save dialog allowing a user to specify a file. Returns a
fully-qualified path and fileName to Lingo. The setFilterMask() method can be used to
control what file types are displayed in the dialog. The string and defaultFileName
parameters allow you to specifiy a default filename to be displayed, as well as title
text for the save dialog.
---
createFile( instance, string fileName )
Creates a file. The fileName must be either a fileName to be created in the current
directory, or a fully-qualified path and fileName. The Lingo '@' pathname operator
and relative paths are not supported. After creating the new file, the file must be
opened before it can be written to.
---
setPosition( instance, position )
Sets the file position of the current open file. The file must be open to use this
method.
---
getPosition( instance )
Gets the file position of the current open file. Returned as an integer. The file
must be open to use this method.
---
getLength( instance )
Gets the length of the currently opened file. Returned as an integer. The file must
be open use this method. The value returned is the length of the file in bytes.
---
writeChar( instance, string theChar )
Writes a single character to the file at the current position. The file must be open
in write or read/write mode to use this method.
---
writeString( instance, string theString )
Writes a string to the file at the current position. The file must be open in write
or read/write mode to use this method.
---
readChar( instance )
Reads the character (either single or double-byte) at the current position and then
increments the position. The character is returned to Lingo as a string. The file must
be open in read or read/write mode to use this method.
---
readLine( instance )
Reads from the current position up to and including the next CR, increments the
position, and returns the string to Lingo. The file must be open in read or
read/write mode to use this method.
---
readFile( instance )
Reads from the current position to the end of the file and returns the file to Lingo
as a string. The file must be open in read or read/write mode to use this method.
---
readWord( instance )
Reads the next word starting at the current position. The file must be open in read
or read/write mode to use this method.
---
readToken( instance, string skipChar, string breakChar )
Reads the next 'token' starting at the current position. Characters matching the
skipChar parameter are "skipped" and the file is read until breakChar is encountered.
The file must be open in read or read/write mode to use this method. This method will
read double-byte tokens as long as the skip and break are single-byte characters. It
will not detect double-byte skip or break characters.
---
getFinderInfo( instance )
Returns the Type and Creator of the current file as a string. This method does
nothing when used under Windows. The file must be open to use this method.
---
setFinderInfo( instance, string typeAndCreator )
Sets the Type and Creator of the current file. The string takes the form of a space
seperated set of TYPE and CREATOR codes (e.g. "TEXT TTXT"). This method does nothing
when used under Windows. The file must be open to use this method.
---
delete( instance )
Deletes the currently opened file. The file must be open use this method.
---
version( xtraRef )
Returns FileIO version and build information. Useful when filing
bug reports, determining installed version while authoring, etc. No practical use beyond this.
---
getOSDir( )
Global method that returns the full path to either the Windows directory, or the System Folder
depending on which OS is currently being used. Does not require a child instance or
Xtra reference to call.
---

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