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高考英语语法核心考点专项复习
状语从句知识点整理总结
从句是学生们很头疼的一个难题，也是高考的必考点。其中包括名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。状语从句也是高考的重点，内容多、考点多。
本专题主要讲解状语从句的分类、连接词、考点，并配以习题练习。
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概述：　状语从句在复合句中作状语。根据句子的含义，它可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、行为方式、比较、让步等。状语从句通常由一个连词引导，有时由一个起连词作用的词组引导。
目的：掌握从句的连接词和用法，能够识别出从句，学会分析从句的结构。
一、时间状语从句
(1)表示时间的状语从句可以由when，whenever，as，while，before，until，ever
since，as
soon
as等词引导。
As
a
young
man
(＝When
he
was
a
young
man)，he
was
fond
of
hunting.他年轻时，喜欢打猎。
When
the
rain
stopped，students
rushed
out
of
the
classroom.
雨停了，学生们冲出教室。
My
mother
was
cooking
while
I
was
doing
my
homework.
我做作业时母亲在做饭。
We
were
about
to
set
off
when
it
suddenly
began
to
rain.
我们刚要出发，突然下起雨来。
It
will
be
half
a
year
before
I
come
back.
我半年之后才回来。
(2)名词词组引导时间状语从句：every/each
time每一次；the
moment/minute那时(一……就……)；the
first/second
time
第一/二次；the
last
time最后一次；the
day那一天；the
week那一周等。
Every
time
I
see
him，he
looks
miserable.
每次我看见他，他都是一副愁眉苦脸的样子。
He
said
he’d
phone
you
the
moment
he
got
home.
他说他一到家就给你打电话。
(3)as
soon
as，instantly，directly，immediately等表示从句动作一发生，主句动作随即发生，通常意为“一……就……”，也可引起表示时间的状语从句。
The
moment
I
saw
it，I
fell
in
love
with
it.
我一看见它就爱上了它。
Directly
I
had
done
it，I
knew
I
had
made
a
mistake.
我一做完，就知道犯了个错误。
He
rushed
upstairs
immediately
he
heard
a
loud
noise.
他一听到大的响动就冲上了楼梯。
(4)no
sooner...than
和hardly...when引导的从句表示“刚……就……”。主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时。若把no
sooner，hardly提到句首，主句须倒装。
No
sooner
had
he
sat
down
than
the
phone
rang.
他刚坐下，电话铃就响了。
Hardly
had
the
game
begun
when
it
started
to
rain.
比赛刚刚开始，天就开始下起雨来。
二、条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if，unless
(＝if...not除非)，so/as
long
as
(只要)，in
case
(万一)，on
condition
that
(条件是)，suppose/supposing
(假设，如果)，provided
that
(如果)等。
Don’t
come
in
unless
I
let
you.别进来，除非我允许。
As
long
as
you
don’t
lose
heart，you
will
succeed.
只要你不灰心，你会成功的。
Suppose/Supposing
(that)
they
refuse
us，who
else
can
we
turn
to
for
help？倘若他们拒绝我们，我们还能向谁求助呢？
三、原因状语从句
原因状语从句常用because，since，as，for引导，还可用seeing
that(既然)，now
that(既然)，considering
that/who/how...(考虑到……)，in
that(因为)，not
that...but
that
(不是因为……而是因为)等引导。
Now
that
they’ve
got
to
know
each
other
a
little
better，they
get
along
just
fine.
由于彼此之间有了进一步了解，他们相处的不错。
John
did
quite
well
in
his
exams
considering
how
little
he
studied.考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已很不错了。
The
situation
is
rather
complicated
in
that
we
have
two
managing
directors.由于我们有两位总经理，所以情况很复杂。
四、让步状语从句
让步状语从句由though(although)，even
if(even
though)，no
matter
how/where/what...，whatever，however，whoever等引导。
Although
the
car
is
old，it
still
runs
well.
汽车虽然很旧，但跑起来仍然不错。
No
matter
how
hard
he
tried，he
couldn’t
get
her
to
change
her
mind.不管他怎样努力劝说，也没能使她改变主意。
五、目的状语从句
目的状语从句常由that，so
that，in
order
that，lest(以免，以防)，for
fear
that等引导，放在主句之后。目的状语从句常用情态动词may(might)，can(could)等。lest，for
fear
that后面常用“(should)＋动词原形”的虚拟语气。
We
pray
that
he
may
recover
soon.
我们祈求他早日康复。
六、结果状语从句
结果状语从句由so
that，so...that，such
that，such...that等词引导。
Many
contestants
later
failed
drug
tests，so
that
the
race
had
to
be
rerun.许多参赛者后来都没有通过药检，赛跑只得重新进行。
The
nature
of
the
job
was
such
that
he
felt
obliged
to
tell
no
one
about
it.这种工作的性质就是如此，他觉得只好秘而不宣了。
七、方式状语从句
方式状语从句由as，just
as，as
if，as
though等词引导。
We’d
better
leave
things
as
they
are
until
the
police
arrive.
在警察到来之前，我们最好保持现场原样。
You
look
as
if
you’ve
had
a
good
time.
你看起来好像玩得挺开心。
八、比较状语从句
比较状语从句由as...as，than，not
so...as，the
more...the
more等词引导。
My
brother
is
not
as
old
as
me.我弟弟年纪没我大。
It’s
a
beautiful
dress
but
it’s
much
more
than
I
can
afford.
这件连衣裙很漂亮，不过太贵了。
九、地点状语从句
地点状语从句由where，wherever，anywhere，everywhere等词引导。
Make
a
mark
where
you
have
any
doubts
or
questions.
有疑点或问题的地方你做个标记。(地点状语从句)
We
should
go
where
the
Party
needs
us
most.
我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。
Where
there
is
a
will，there
is
a
way.有志者，事竟成。
Wherever
there
is
smoke，there
is
a
fire.
无火不生烟。(无风不起浪)
Bamboo
grows
well
where
it
has
plenty
of
rain.
竹子在雨水充足的地方长得好。
If
you
could
go
wherever
you
wanted
to
in
the
world，where
would
you
go？如果世界上任何地方你想去就能去的话，你会去哪儿？
各种状语从句分类及其连词一览表
类型
连词(词组)
时间状语从句
when，as，while，before，after，since，once，till/until，as
soon
as，hardly…when…，no
sooner…than，the
moment，immediately，directly,
instantly,
every
time,
each
time,
next
time,
the
first
time
原因状语从句
because，as，since(既然)，in
that，seeing
(that)，now
(that)，considering
(that)
地点状语从句
where，wherever
条件状语从句
if，unless，as
long
as，in
case，supposing，on
condition
that，providing，provided
(that),
suppose
(that)，only
if
类型
连词(词组)
让步状语从句
(as)
though，even
if/though，while，however，whatever，no
matter…
结果状语从句
so…that…，
so
that,
such…that…
目的状语从句
so
that，in
order
that,
in
case,
for
fear
that
方式状语从句
as，just
as，as
if/though
比较状语从句
as…as，than，the
more…the
more
学习状语从句应该注意的几个问题
状语从句考查热点在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因、目的及方式状语从句的连词及时态等方面。要选择正确的连词，需要正确理解句子的含义，准确判断主从句的逻辑关系，同时还要注意区分词义相近的连词、介词和副词。在备考中，要注意以下四点：
1．
注意连词的选用
不同的状语从句使用不同的连词，有时同一个连接词可连接不同的从句，表示不同的意义。
如：Take
your
umbrella
in
case
it
should
rain.
带上你的雨伞，以防下雨。(目的状语从句)
In
case
there's
a
fire,
what
will
you
do
first？万一发生火灾，你首先会做什么？(条件状语从句，
in
case通常在句首)
2．
注意主句和状语从句的时态
在时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，从句的时态往往有一定的限制。
一般来说，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时或现在完成时。如：
I'll
go
if
he
invites
me.
You
can't
leave
until
you
have
done
your
homework.
No
matter
what
he
does,
he
can't
get
praise
from
his
father.
3．
注意倒装语序
not
until…，
no
sooner…than…，
hardly…when…等引导的句子，句子的主句部分的语序需要作一些调整，而状语从句用正常语序。但是as(引导让步状语从句)，no
matter
how等，从句部分的语序需要做些调整。如：
No
sooner
had
she
got
there
than
she
called
me
up.
(no
sooner所在部分使用了倒装结构)
No
matter
how
rich
he
is,
he
is
not
happy.
Child
as/though
he
was,
he
knew
what
was
the
right
thing
to
do.
4．
注意状语从句的简化(紧缩现象)
有些表示时间、地点、条件、方式或让步的状语从句，如果谓语部分含有动词be，主语又和主句的主语一致(或相同)，或从句主语为it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词的一部分(特别是be)省略掉。如：
Look
out
for
cars
while
crossing
the
street.
He
said
that
he
would
like
to
offer
help
if
necessary.
The
inspector
looked
round,
as
if
(he
was)
in
search
of
something.
1．
【误】
In
such
dry
weather,
the
flowers
will
have
to
be
watered
if
they
are
going
to
survive.
【正】
In
such
dry
weather,
the
flowers
will
have
to
be
watered
if
they
are
to
survive.
【解析】
if从句中不能用表示将来的will,
be
going
to等，但可以使用if
sb./sth.
is
to
do
sth.
结构。
2．
【误】
You
will
be
late
unless
you
will
leave
immediately.
【正】
You
will
be
late
unless
you
leave
immediately.
【解析】
时间、条件、让步等状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来意义。
3．
【误】
Stay
there
where
you
are.
【正】
Stay
where
you
are.
【解析】
where可以引导从句作地点状语，因此there是多余的，此句也可以是：Stay
in
the
place
where
you
are.
此时where引导的是定语从句。
4．
【误】
Mum
would
not
let
him
buy
it,
as
if
he
had
enough
money!
【正】
Mum
would
not
let
him
buy
it,
even
if
he
had
enough
money!
【解析】
从前后两个句子之间的逻辑关系可知，应用even
if。even
if即使；as
if好像。
5．
【误】
Not
until
I
began
to
work
I
realized
how
much
time
I
had
wasted.
【正】
Not
until
I
began
to
work
did
I
realize
how
much
time
I
had
wasted.
【解析】
not
until…置于句首时，主句应使用倒装。
6.
【误】
I
won't
agree
with
no
matter
what
you
may
say.
【正】
I
won't
agree
with
whatever
you
may
say.
【正】
Whatever/
No
matter
what
you
may
say,
I
won't
agree.
【解析】
whatever引导的从句作agree
with的宾语，即作宾语从句，whatever不能与no
matter
what替换。而引导状语从句时可替换，如第二句话。
课堂练习
1.时间状语从句
①One
Friday,
we
were
packing
to
leave
for
a
weekend
away
______my
daughter
heard
cries
for
help.
A.
after
B.
while
C.
since
D.
when
【解析】答案为D。when在句中表示“就在这时（突然）……”之意，它构成的固定句式是：be
doing
sth.／be
about
to
do
sth.
／had
done
sth….when…。句意：一个周五，我们正在扛包裹动身去过周末，就在这时我女儿听到了呼救声。
②If
a
lot
of
people
say
a
film
is
not
good,
I
won’t
bother
to
see
it,
or
I’ll
wait
_______
it
comes
out
on
DVD.
A.
whether
B.
after
C.
though
D.
until
【解析】答案为D。句意：如果很多人说某部电影不好看，我也懒得去看了，或者等到出了DVD我再看。until为“直到”的意思。
③Please
call
my
secretary
to
arrange
a
meeting
this
afternoon,
or
______
it
is
convenient
to
you.
A.
whenever
B.
however
C.
whichever
D.
wherever
【解析】答案为A。whenever意为“无论何时”；however意为“然而”；whichever意为“任何一个”；wherever意为“无论哪里”。连接副词在后句中充当状语，根据语境可知是指时间，选A项。句意：请打电话给我的秘书安排今天下午的会议，或者在你任何方便的时候?。
④As
it
reported,
it
is
100
years
__________Qinghua
University
was
founded.
A.
when
B.
before
C.
after
D.
since
【解析】答案为D。
“It
is
+
时间段
+since
+
从句（谓语为一般过去时）”为固定句型，故答案选D项。句意：正如所报道的那样，自从清华大学建校以来已有100年的历史了。
⑤He
had
no
sooner
finished
his
speech
_________
the
students
started
cheering.
A.
since
B.
as
C.
when
D.
than
【解析】答案为D。考查no
sooner…than.表示一……就;
根据句子意思“他的演讲一讲完学生就开始欢呼了。”since既然；as作为；
when
当什么时候；类似的还有hardly/scarcely…when…，这两个结构中no
sooner，hardly，scarcely放在句首时句子用倒装语序。如本句可以改为：No
sooner
had
he
finished
his
speech
than
the
students
started
cheering.
⑥Mary
made
coffee
________
her
guests
were
finishing
their
meal.
A.
so
that
B
although
C.
while
D.
as
if
【解析】答案为C。so
that译为“以便”表示目的，although译为“尽管，虽然”，as
if译为“好像”，while译为“当……的时候”，因此while符合句意，选择C项。句意：当客人们将要结束用餐的时候玛丽才冲了咖啡。
⑦Just
use
this
room
for
the
time
being,
and
we’ll
offer
you
a
larger
one
_______it
becomes
available.
A.
as
soon
as
B.
unless
C.
as
far
as
D.
until
【解析】答案为A。句意:
只是暂且使用这个房间。但是一有（as
soon
as）可以使用的房间，我们就提供你一个大点的房间。
2.地点状语从句
①Today,
we
will
begin
we
stopped
yesterday
so
that
no
point
will
be
left
out.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
how
D.
what
【解析】答案为B。句意：今天，为了不遗漏要点，我们从昨天结束的地方开始。where引导地点状语从句。
②_____
unemployment
and
crime
are
high,
it
can
be
assumed
that
the
latter
is
due
to
the
former.
A.
Before
B.
Where
C.
Unless
D.
Until
【解析】答案为B。Where引导地点状语从句。句意：哪儿的失业率高，哪儿的犯罪就率高，可以认为前者是导致后者的原因。
3.原因状语从句
The
old
man
asked
Lucy
to
move
to
another
chair
_______
he
wanted
to
sit
next
to
his
wife.
A.
although
B.
unless
C.
because
D.
if
【解析】答案为C。空格前后两个句子在逻辑意义上存在原因关系，所以用because引导原因状语从句。Although引导让步状语从句，unless和if引导条件状语从句。句意：这位老人叫露丝挪到另一把椅子上因为他想跟他妻子挨着坐。
4.条件状语从句
①He
had
his
camera
ready
________
he
saw
something
that
would
make
a
good
picture.
A.
even
if
B.
if
only
C.
in
case
D.
so
that
【解析】答案为C。in
case
意为“以防，以免”；even
if意为“即使”；if
only意为“要是就好了……”,so
that意为“为了，以便”。
句意：他准备好了相机以防看到可以拍摄的景物。
②The
little
boy
won’t
go
to
sleep
______________his
mother
tells
him
a
story.
A.
or
B.
unless
C.
but
D.
whether
【解析】答案为B。or译为“或者”表示选择，unless译为“除非”表示条件，but译为“但是”表示转折，whether译为“是否”，根据句意选择B项。句意：除非他的妈妈给他讲故事这个小男孩儿是不会睡觉的。
③—
Our
holiday
cost
a
lot
of
money.
—
Did
it?
Well,
that
doesn’t
matter
you
enjoyed
yourselves.
A.
as
long
as
B.
unless
C.
as
soon
as
D.
though
【解析】答案为A。as
long
as意为“只要”；unless意为“除非，否则”；as
soon
as意为“一……就”；though意为“虽然”。根据后一句为只要你玩得开心，花多少钱并不重要，就能搞定答案。
④—Shall
we
have
our
picnic
tomorrow?
—______it
doesn’t
rain.
A.
Until
B.
While
C.
Once
D.
If
【解析】答案为D。
If引导条件状语从句。句意：如果不下雨的话（我们就去野餐）。
5.让步状语从句
①Try
she
might,
Sue
couldn’t
get
the
door
open.
A.
if
B.
when
C.
since
D.
as
【解析】答案为D。题目中前半句说，她试过；后半句说Sue不能打开门，明显前后两个句子意思相反，所以选择D。as表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。句意：虽然她试了，但还是无法打开门。
②________volleyball
is
her
main
focus,
she’s
also
great
at
basketball.
A.
Since
B.
Once
C.
Unless
D.
While
【解析】答案为D。根据主句内容可知，她也擅长打篮球，由此可知排球是她的强项，故选while引导让步状语从句。
③Frank
insisted
that
he
was
not
asleep
_________I
had
great
difficulty
in
waking
him
up.
A.
whether
B.
although
C.
for
D.
so
【解析】答案为B。whether“是否”，常与or连用；although“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句；for用来引导因果并列句；so“因此，所以”，引导因果并列句。根据句意可知，空格前后为让步关系，故答案为B项。句意：尽管我费了很大劲才把弗兰克叫醒，他却坚持说自己没有睡着。
④________all
of
them
are
strong
candidates,
only
one
will
be
chosen
for
the
post.
A.
Since
B.
While
C.
If
D.
As
【解析】答案为B。while的意思是“虽然,
尽管”,
相当于though或although。句意：虽然他们都是强有力的候选人,
但只有一个人被选中担任这个职务。
⑤To
show
our
respect,
we
usually
have
to
take
our
gloves
off
______
we
are
to
shake
hands
with.
A.
whichever
B.
whenever
C.
whoever
D.
wherever
【解析】答案为C。句意：为了表示我们的尊敬，无论与谁握手，我们通常得摘下手套。shake
hands
with
sb.
意为“与某人握手”，本句中的with后缺少宾语，结合句意选C项，whoever在句中引导让步状语从句。
⑥The
engineer
are
so
busy
that
they
have
zero
time
for
outdoor
sports
activities,
_____they
have
the
interest.
A.
wherever
B.
Whenever
C.
even
if
D.
as
if
【解析】答案为C。句意：工程师们都很忙，以至于他们没有什么时间去做户外运动，即使那是他们感兴趣的。wherever
无论何处，whatever
无论什么，even
if
即使，as
if
似乎、仿佛。根据句子的意思选C项。
6.目的和结果状语从句
①The
police
officers
in
our
city
work
hard
_________the
rest
of
us
can
live
a
safe
life.
A.
in
case
B.
as
if
C.
in
order
that
D.
only
if
【解析】答案为C。句意：警察努力工作是为了让我们过上安全的生活。in
order
that含义为“为了”，引导目的状语从句。
②The
Great
Wall
is
_______
tourist
attraction
that
millions
of
people
pour
in
every
year.
A.
so
a
well-known
B.
a
so
well-known
C.
such
well-known
a
D.
such
a
well-known
【解析】答案为D。such
a
+
形容词+名词+that从句，相当于so
+形容词+名词+that从句，表示“如此……以至于……”的意思。A选项若改为“so
well-known
a”也对。答案D项。
7.比较状语从句
The
new
stadium
being
built
for
the
next
Asian
Games
will
be
_________the
present
one.
A.
as
three
times
big
as
B.
three
times
as
big
as
C.
as
big
as
three
times
D.
as
big
three
times
as
【解析】答案为B。此处用到了as…as…句型，其中用原形，表倍数的数次位于前一个as之前，故选B。其余选项与题意不符。句意：正在为下届亚运会所建的体育馆是现在的体育馆的三倍大。
8.方式状语从句
Jack
wasn’t
saying
anything,
but
the
teacher
smiled
at
him
_______he
had
done
something
very
clever.
A
.as
if
B.
in
case
C.
while
D.
though
【解析】答案为A。as
if意为“似乎，好像”，引导方式状语从句。句意：Jack什么也没说，但老师向他笑了笑，好像他做了件聪明的事情一样。
①Taiwan
was
attacked
by
such
a
terrible
hurricane
________few
citizens
had
ever
experienced
before.
A.
as
B.
and
it
was
C.
that
D.
which
【解析】答案为A。此题容易选择C项，然而该句是定语从句，因先行词被such限定，所以关系代词用as。如果用that，则后面的这个从句应该判定为结果状语从句，但句子成分不齐全。
②It
was
five
o’clock
in
the
afternoon
_____
they
climbed
up
to
the
top
of
the
mountain.
　A.
since
　
B.
when
C.
that
　
D.
until
【解析】答案为B。
此句为一主从复合句。when引导状语从句；若看作强调结构，应在five前加at。
③—Where
did
you
get
to
know
her？
—It
was
on
the
farm
　　　we
worked.
A.
that
B.
there
C.
which
D.
where
【解析】答案为D。the
farm为先行词，where为定语从句中的关系副词，作地点状语。答语中是强调句的省略：It
was
on
the
farm
where
we
worked
that
I
got
to
know
her.
③Is
it
only
on
the
world
market
________we
can
prove
the
competitiveness
and
quality
of
our
goods?
A.
where
B.
which
C.
that
D.
how
【解析】答案为C。此句是强调句的疑问句形式。
1.Please
arrange
an
interview
with
the
manger
tomorrow,
or
it
is
convenient
to
him.
A.
whenever?????????
B.
however???????
C.
whichever???????
D.
wherever
【答案与解析】A
句意：请明天安排一次对经理的采访，或者是他方便的任何时间。本句的后半句句子完整，所以应该使用连接副词，结合句意可知应选A项。
2.—Hello.
Can
I
speak
to
Mr.
Brown?
—I'm
sorry,
but
it
is
3
weeks
___
he
worked
here.
A.
before
B.
since
C.
after
D.
while
【答案与解析】B
“It’s
+时间段
since+
主语+一般过去时”为固定句式。语境为：他在这里工作已经有3个星期了。
3.Few
people
paid
full
attention
to
their
health
conditions__________
they
were
seriously
i11.
A.
when
B.
if
C.
until
D.
after
【答案与解析】C
句意：直到人们病的厉害的时才完全注意自己的身体状况。not….until“直到…才”，句中的否定词是few。
4.I
can
not
understand
why
Libya
will
become
so
complicated
________
I
understand
more
from
the
medium.
A.
after
B.
before
C.
while
D.
when
【答案与解析】B
句意：在我从媒体了解更多的信息之前，我不明白为什么利比亚的形势会变得如此复杂。也就是说，他是在通过媒体了解了更多的信息之后才理解的。befroe意为“在……之前”，符合语境。
5.It’s
quite
a
time
______
Yao
Ming
got
injured,
but
it
won't
be
long
______
he
returns
to
the
court.
A.
since;
before
B.
after;
when
C.
before;
since
D.
that;
when
【答案与解析】A
本题考查了两个固定结构：It
is/has
been＋一段时间＋since引导的时间状语从句(自从做某事已经有多长时间了)；It
will
be/is/was＋一段时间＋before(多久之后才……，
before引导时间状语从句)。
6.Such
a
scene
can
be
seen
frequently
　　　　
people
live
in
peace
and
enjoy
a
very
happy
interpersonal
relationship.
A.
there
B.
which
C.
in
the
place
D.
where
【答案与解析】D
句意：这种场景在人们能和睦相处、有愉快的人际关系的地方经常可以看到。Where在句中引导地点状语从句。解题的关键在于正确分析句子结构，如果用定语从句则应为in
the
place
where。
7.
If
you
are
traveling
the
customs
are
really
foreign
to
your
own,
please
do
as
the
Romans
do.
A.
in
which
B.
what
C.
when
D.
where
【答案与解析】D。where引导的是地点状语从句。本题考生容易误选in
which认为是定语从句。
句意：如果你在一个对你来说风俗非常陌生的地方旅行的话，请入乡随俗。
8.
______
you
are
familiar
with
the
author's
ideas,
try
reading
all
the
sections
as
quickly
as
possible.
A.
Now
that
B.
Ever
since
C.In
case
D.
As
long
as
【答案与解析】A
考查连词辨析。Now
that既然。句意为：既然你对作者的观点这么熟悉，那就尝试着用最快的速度阅读各个章节吧。ever
since
从……起；in
case
以防，万一；as
long
as只要。
9.China’s
housing
price
becomes
one
of
the
hottest
topics
during
the
Two
Sessions,
________most
ordinary
Chinese
people
find
it
more
and
more
difficult
to
buy
a
flat
in
cities.
A.
where
B.
so
C.as
D.
though
【答案与解析】B
句意：中国的房价成为两会最热点的话题之一，因为普通的人在城市买套房越来越难。根据句意选B。
9.I
usually
take
something
to
read
when
I
travel
by
train
I
feel
bored.
A.
as
if
B.
so
that
C.
in
case
D.
even
though
【答案与解析】C
in
case以防。句意为：坐车的时候，我通常带些东西去读，以防感到无聊。
10.—
Have
you
made
any
plan
for
the
coming
Spring
Festival?
—I
don’t
mind
what
to
do
there's
less
homework
from
the
teachers
and
more
pocket
money
from
my
parents.
A.
as
long
as
B.
as
far
as
C.
now
that
D.
in
order
that
【答案与解析】A
答语的意思是：我不介意做什么，只要是老师少留点作业，爸妈多给些零花钱就可以了。
11.
bad
weather
stops
me,
I
take
exercise
outdoors
every
morning.
A.
Unless
B.
Since
C.
If
D.
Though
【答案与解析】A
由语境可知，这里表达的意思是：除非恶劣的天气阻止我，我每天窦进行户外锻炼。
12.The
engineers
are
so
busy
that
they
have
no
time
for
outdoor
sports
activities,
______
they
have
the
interest.
A.
wherever
B.
as
if
C.
even
if
D.
whenever
【答案与解析】C
根据句意选择C，even
if“即使，尽管”引导让步状语从句。那些工程师如此忙以至于他们没有时间参加户外体育活动，尽管他们很感兴趣。wherever无论在哪；as
if好像，似乎；whenever不论什么时候。
13.Hard
______
my
brother
studied,
he
wasn't
qualified
enough
for
a
good
university.
A.
although
B.
while
C.
when
D.
as
【答案与解析】D
句意：尽管我弟弟学习很用功，但是没有进入一家好的大学学习。该句中副词hard提前，使用了一个倒装结构，所以只能用as。although和while也可以引导让步状语从句，但是没有倒装这一用法，故选D。
14.It
is
easy
to
be
thankful
for
the
good
things,
______
a
life
of
rich
fulfillment
comes
to
those
who
are
also
thankful
for
the
setbacks.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
while
D.
when
【答案与解析】C
句意：对美好的事物感恩很容易，然而，硕果累累的人生属于那些对挫折也心存感激的人。此处
while-意为”然而”，表示对比。
15.Cynthia
is
not
ashamed
of
what
she
does,
______
she
ends
up
doing
something
wrong.
A.
as
though
B.
in
case
C.
even
if
D.
for
fear
【答案与解析】C
even
if
“即使”，引导让步状语从句。语意：Cynthia从来不为自己的行为感到羞愧，“即使”是她做错了事情。
16._______
there
is
no
law
stating
how
you
may
dress,
not
all
fashions
are
respectable.
A.
Because
B.
Since
C.
While.
D.
Unless.
【答案与解析】C
考查连词的用法。句意：尽管没有法律规定你怎样穿戴，但是并不是所有的时尚都是值得尊敬的。while“尽管”；because“因为”；since“既然”；unless“除非”。while符合题意。
17.—The
experiment
is
of
particular
importance.
.
—I
see.
We
will
carry
on
with
it
____
we
can
get
enough
money.
A.
unless
B.
whether
C.
though
D.
until
【答案与解析】B
句意：——这个实验特别重要。——我明白。无论我们能不能得到足够的钱，我们都会继续进行下去。whether…or
not在句中引导让步状语从句，表示“不管；无论”。
18.______
regular
exercises
is
very
important
,it’s
never
a
good
idea
to
exercise
too
close
to
bedtime.
A.
If
B.
As
C.
Although
D.
Unless
【答案与解析】C
尽管我认为有规律的训练重要，但是睡前训练绝不是一个好主意。所以选although。
19.Goals
have
to
be
realistic(现实的)
students
can
reach
them
and
feel
a
sense
of
achievement.
A.
so
long
as
B.
so
that
C.
now
that
D.
even
though
【答案与解析】B
空格后的句子是空格前句子的目的，所以用so
that，句意为：目标应该现实一点，这样学生们就能实现，并有成就感。
20.Last
term
our
maths
teacher
set
so
difficult
an
examination
problem
none
of
us
worked
it
out.
A
that
B
as
C
so
that
D
which
【答案与解析】A
so…that引导结果状语从句。如果要选B.as的话，要将后面的worked
it
out中的it删除才对。
21.—What
do
you
think
of
French?
—In
my
opinion,
French
is
_______English.
A.
a
subject
so
difficult
as
B.
as
a
subject
difficult
as
C.
as
difficult
a
subject
as
D.
difficult
as
subject
as
【答案与解析】C
as…as同级比较句型。第一个as为副词，所以用其后要直接跟副词或形容词。第二个as为连词，引导比较状语从句。句意：法语和英语一样难。
22.The
man
we
followed
suddenly
stopped
and
looked
_____he
was
seeing
whether
he
was
going
in
the
right
direction..
A
so
long
as
B.
even
if
C.
as
soon
as
D.
as
if
【答案与解析】D。as
if引导方式状语从句。
23.Taiwan
was
attacked
by
such
a
terrible
hurricane
_______few
citizens
had
ever
experienced
before.
A.
as
B.
and
it
was
C.
that
D.
which
【答案与解析】A　此题学生们容易选择C项，然而该句是定语从句，因先行词被such限定，所以关系代词用as。如果用that，则后面的这个从句应该判定为结果状语从句，但句子成分不齐全。
24.QQ,
you
can
chat
with
your
friends,
makes
communication
easy.
A.
as
B.
which
C.
that
D.
where
【答案与解析】D
此处QQ作为一个抽象的地点，其后是where引导的非限制性定语从句。
25.
It
is
in
this
very
village,
Mary
was
born
35
years
ago,
she
will
build
her
first
school,
inspires
everyone
to
help
her
.
where;
that
;
which
B.
that
;
that
;
that
C.
that
;
when
;
which
D.
where
;
when
;
that
【答案与解析】A
where
引导定语从句，that
引导强调句，which引导定语从句修饰前面的句子。高考英语语法核心考点专项复习
非谓语动词整理总结
非谓语动词是动词的一大分类，是高中阶段考察最多也是最难的知识点，是学生头疼的一大难题。本专题从非谓语的分类、判定、用法、题型和考点来讲解，并配以习题练习。
目的：掌握非谓语的形式，学会判别谓语与非谓语，熟练常考题型和用法。
一、非谓语动词分类
现在分词
doing
过去分词
done
不定式
to
do
动名词
doing
二、判断非谓语动词
非谓语动词作为动词的形式变化，无法充当句子中的谓语动词，因为非谓语动词没有时态的变化。
非谓语动词三种基本形式：
to
do（不定式），doing（动名词／现在分词），done（过去分词）
【精讲精练】
请分别找出谓语动词和非谓语动词。
swim，drunk，observed，playing，done，conduct，read，come，having
finished，having
been
done
谓语动词：
非谓语动词：
【小试牛刀】
一.
请用不同标记分别画出下列句子中的非谓语动词和谓语动词。
1.
The
remaining
twenty
patients
were
transferred
to
another
hospital.
2.
I
really
understood
the
meaning
of
the
proverb,
“Helping
others
is
the
source
of
happiness.”
3.
We
should
lay
more
emphasis
on
protecting
the
surroundings.
二.
请用不同标记画出文章中的谓语动词和非谓语动词。
With
curiosity,
we
listened
attentively,
asking
questions
and
taking
notes.
The
camel
ride
on
the
third
day
was
surely
the
most
exciting
part
of
our
tour.
Looking
far
into
the
desert,
I
pictured
how
ancient
Chinese
travelled
along
the
Silk
Road.
How
time
flew!
Soon
it
was
the
last
day
of
our
tour.
At
the
train
station,
we
took
a
photo
holding
a
banner
with
“
Cultural
Tour
along
the
Silk
Road”
on
it.
二.
非谓语动词的主被动
上面讲解了三大基本非谓语动词的主动形式，下面对于每种形式的被动形式进行列举：
不定式
现在分词／动名词
过去分词
主动形式
to
do
doing
——
被动形式
to
be
done
being
done
done
注：done不存在主动形式
【精讲精练】
请写出下面非谓语动词对应的主动形式／被动形式。
1,
done：________
2,
having
done:
________
3,
written：________
4,
reading:
________
5,
tried:
________
6,
to
do：________
【小试牛刀】
请画出下面句子中的非谓语动词并区分主被动
1.
Given
another
chance,
he
will
do
better.
2.
I
have
never
heard
this
song
sung
in
English.
3.
Not
receiving
his
letter,
I
wrote
to
him
again.
4.
Having
answered
the
letter,
she
went
on
to
read
an
English
novel.
5.
To
be
an
artist
is
my
dream.
6.
My
wish
is
to
be
a
doctor.
7.
The
truck
being
repaired
there
is
ours.
8.
The
stolen
car
was
found
by
the
police
last
week.
三.
非谓语的基本形式和延展形式
非谓语的三种基本形式：to
do,
doing,
done。但是非谓语也存在其他延展形式，下表列举的是非谓语动词的全部主动形式：
不定式
现在分词／动名词
过去分词
一般形式
to
do
doing
无主动
完成式
to
have
done
having
done
进行式
to
be
doing
完成进行式
to
have
been
doing
每一种形式的对应被动形式如下：
不定式
现在分词／动名词
过去分词
一般形式
to
be
done
being
done
done
完成式
to
have
been
done
having
been
done
进行式
to
be
being
done
完成进行
to
have
been
being
done
注：done只能表示被动，无主动形式
【精讲精练】
完成下列表格
不定式
主动
被动
一般式
进行式
完成式
完成进行式
动名词／现在分词
主动
被动
一般式
完成式
【小试牛刀】
请画出下面句子中的非谓语动词并区分主被动
1.
Given
him
a
weapon,
he
will
protect
us.
2.
I
have
never
read
this
book
translated
into
English.
3.
Not
receiving
his
response,
I
called
him
again.
4.
Having
answered
the
letter,
she
went
on
to
read
an
English
novel.
5.
Having
been
shown
the
lab,
we
were
taken
to
see
the
library.
6.
Having
had
a
long
heated
discussion,
we
reached
an
agreement
that
·
7.
To
master
a
foreign
language,
one
must
work
hard
at
it
8.
The
girl
writing
a
letter
there
can
speak
English
very
well
四.
非谓语动词的特殊用法
1.
动词宾补的特殊用法
“五看”：look，see，watch，observe，notice
“三使”：make，let，have
“两听”：hear，listen
to
“一感觉”：feel
上述的动词在主动语态中可以用不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，但是在被动的语态下需要还原to.
He
made
us
stay
for
tea.
上述动词除了let，make外，也可以用现在分词作补足语。此外，find，catch，keep，leave也可以使用现在分词作补语。
I’m
sorry
to
have
kept
you
waiting
for
such
a
long
time.
特例【get】
get
sb.
to
do
sth.
让某人做某事
get
sth.
done
让某事儿被做
【精讲精练】
Listen!
Do
you
hear
someone
________
for
help?
A.
calling
B.
call
C.
to
call
D.
called
2
动词不定式的特殊用法：
(1)
形式主语和形式宾语
It
is
+adj.+
for/of
sb.
+to
do
sth.
It
is
+adj.
+to
do
sth.
【精讲精练】
It’s
important
for
the
figures
________
regularly.
A.
to
be
updated
B.
to
have
been
updated
C.
to
update
D.
to
have
updated
(2).
only
to
do
表示出乎意料的结果
【精讲精练】
The
news
reporters
hurried
to
the
airport,
only
________
the
film
stars
had
left.
A.
to
tell
B.
to
be
told
C.
telling
D.
told
3.
独立主格：上述-ing
和过去分词的用法中，-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。
The
bell
ringing,
we
all
stopped
talking.
The
work
having
been
finished,
she
sat
down
to
have
a
rest
【精讲精练】
1.
She
read
the
letter,
tears
________
(roll)
down
her
cheeks.
【小试牛刀】
1.
---
Come
on
,
please
give
me
some
ideas
about
the
project.
---
Sorry.
With
so
much
work
________
my
mind,
I
almost
break
down.
A.
filled
B.
filling
C.
to
fill
D.
being
filled
2.
I
saw
Mary
_________
the
house.
A.
open
the
door
and
go
into
B.
to
open
the
door
and
to
go
into
C.
open
the
door
and
to
go
into
D.
open
the
door
and
went
into
课后练习
补救练习
区分下面词汇中的谓语动词和非谓语动词
laugh，gotten，to
eat,
mater,
welcome,
withdraw
quitted,
lost,
waiting
,
having
been
defeated,
graduated
巩固练习
画出文章中的谓语动词和非谓语动词
Besides
writing
down
the
main
events
of
the
year
neatly
on
the
blackboard,
we
also
decorated
it
with
beautiful
drawing.
Thanks
to
our
hard
work,
our
design
finally
won
the
first
prize.
We
were
not
only
proud
of
our
teamwork
but
also
deeply
impressed
by
the
great
achievements
of
our
country.
拔高练习
1.
His
first
book
________
(publish)
next
month
is
based
on
a
true
story.
2.
The
quarrel
________
(lead)
to
the
fight
started
from
their
disbelief
in
each
other.
3.
He
survived
the
crash,
only
________
(die)
in
the
desert.
4.
Li
Na,
the
first
________
(achieve)
a
ranking
of
world
No.
2
in
Asia,
retired
from
tennis
in
September.
5.
Yan’
an,
a
city
________
(locate)
in
northern
Shaanxi
province,
has
seen
great
progress
in
its
tourism
industry
over
the
past
few
years.
6.
If
you
have
your
kid
________
(behave)
so
badly,
he
may
not
get
along
well
with
others.
7.
With
the
exam
________
(take)
place
in
ten
minutes,
they
were
asked
to
hand
in
their
mobile
phones.
课前检测
（5mins）
一、单项选择
1.
【答案】
A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。选项中非谓语用来修饰money，钱能为学校提供购买新的电脑设备，动作未发生而且主动，选择to
do；另一种理解方式，借助词组知识be
used
to
do表达某个东西被用来做某事，故选A。
2.
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。横线非谓语用来修饰people，people和学习
之间的关系是主动的，并且和谓语动词is同时发生，所以选择doing的形式，故选D。
3.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语修饰另外一句话主语，我，提醒和我之间的关系是被动，而且提醒这个动作已经结束，不能选择being
done的形式，done
表达被动、完成的含义，故选A。
4.
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语。逻辑主语为
Robert，主动成长，且根据句义不表示目的和将来，即不选to
do，故选B。
5.
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语固定搭配。根据be
the
first
to
do，故选C。
课中讲解
一.
判断非谓语动词LV2
【精讲精练】
【答案】
非谓语动词：drunk，observed，playing，done，to
read，come，having
finished，having
been
done
谓语动词：swim，come，conduct,
observed,
come
【解析】非谓语动词不能有时态的变化，而谓语动词存在时态变化。
【过关检测】（5mins）
1.
【答案】remaining，were
transferred
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing”一般形式；谓语动词是一般过去时的被动形式。
2.
【答案】helping，understood
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing”一般形式，谓语动词是一般过去时的被动形式。
3.
【答案】protecting，should
lay
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing”一般形式，谓语动词情态动词+do的形式。
二、
【答案】谓语动词：listened，was，pictured，was，took。
非谓语动词：asking，taking，looking
far，exciting，holding
【解析】非谓语动词不能有时态的变化，而谓语动词存在时态变化。
二、非谓语动词的主被动LV2
【答案】无主动，having
been
done，无主动，read，being
tried,
to
be
done
【过关检测】（5mins）
1.
【答案】Given，被动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是done一般形式。
2.
【答案】sung，被动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是done一般形式。
3.
【答案】receiving，主动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是doing一般形式的主动形式。
4..
【答案】Having
answered，主动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是doing完成形式的主动形式。
5.
【答案】to
be，主动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“to
do‘’一般形式的主动形式。
6.
【答案】to
be，主动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“to
do‘’一般形式的主动形式。
7.
【答案】being
repaired，被动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing‘’进行形式的被动形式。
8.
【答案】stolen，被动
【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“done‘’一般形式。
三、
非谓语的基本形式和延展形式LV1
【精讲精练】
完成下列表格
不定式
主动
被动
一般式
to
do
to
be
done
进行式
to
be
to
be
doing
完成式
To
have
done
To
have
been
done
完成进行式
To
have
been
doing
To
have
been
being
done
动名词／现在分词
主动
被动
一般式
doing
being
done
完成式
having
done
having
been
done
【过关检测】（10mins）
1.
【答案】Given，被动
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是done’一般形式。
2.
【答案】translated，被动
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是done一般形式。
3
【答案】receiving，主动
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是doing一般形式的主动形式。
4.
【答案】Having
answered，主动
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是doing完成形式的主动形式。
5.
【答案】having
been
shown，被动
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是having
done的被动形式。
6.
【答案】Having
had，主动
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是Having
done的主动形式。
7.
【答案】To
master，主动
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是to
do的主动形式。
8.
【答案】writing
【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是doing形式，为主动。
四、非谓语动词的特殊用法LV3
【精讲精练】
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做hear的宾语补足语，听到某人正在呼救，故选A。
【精讲精练】
【答案】A
【解析】考查的是非谓语动词。句子的结构式动词不定式做形式主语，数据应该是被更新，故选A。
【精讲精练】
【答案】B
【解析】考查的是非谓语动词。only
to
do
表示出乎意料的结果，而且是被告知，故选B。
【精讲精练】
【答案】rolling
【解析】考查非谓语动词，句子结构为独立主格结构，根据句意可知，眼泪主动的流下来，所以应该是主动形式，故填rolling。
【过关检测】（3mins）
1.
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词，句子结构为独立主格结构，根据句意可知工作充满了我的脑海，所以应该是主动，故选B。
2.
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词，考查的是知识点see
sb.
do的结构，看到某人做某事，故选A。
课后练习
补救练习
（3mins）
【答案】
非谓语动词：gotten，to
eat，welcome，quitted
,
lost,
waiting
,
having
been
defeated，graduated
谓语动词：laugh，mater，graduated，lost,
welcome,
quitted,
withdraw
巩固练习
（4mins）
【答案】
非谓语动词：writing，drawing
谓语动词：decorated，were
proud
of，were
impressed
by,
won
拔高练习
（5mins）
1.
【答案】published
【解析】考查非谓语。根据句意可以得知，第一本被出版的书，应该是被动形式，故填published。
2.
【答案】leading
【解析】考查非谓语。根据句意可以得知，导致打架的争吵起源于彼此的不信任，为主动形式，故填leading。
3.
【答案】to
die
【解析】考查非谓语。根据句意可以得知，他躲过了坠毁，却死在沙漠中，only
to
do表达的是出乎意料的结果，故填to
do。
4.
【答案】
to
achieve
【解析】考查非谓语。考查的是固定搭配
the
first
to
do，故填to
achieve。
5.
【答案】
located
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：延安，一个座落于西安北部的城市，在过去的这些年里，在旅游业方面取得巨大的进步。Located
in分词做后置定语修饰a
city,相当于which
is
located
in
northern
Shaanxi
province?
,故填located。
6.
【答案】
behave
【解析】考查非谓语动词。have后面可以加动词原形和动词ing形式作为宾语补足语，have
sb
do
表示让某人做某事，have
sb
doing
表示让某人一直做某事。句意：你要是让你的孩子一直这么表现不好，他可能不会和其他人相处。故填behave。?
7.
【答案】to
take
【解析】考查非谓语动词。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构作状语，表原因。句意：再有十分钟就开考了，他们被要求上交手机。故填to
take。高考英语语法核心考点专题复习
定语从句知识点整理总结
什么是定语？
定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的。
主要有形容词，此外还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词、定语从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子都可以作定语。
汉语中常用
'……的'
表示。
例
a
beautiful
girl
the
noisy
music
什么是定语从句？
一、定义：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子叫作定语从句。
例
I
like
the
book
which
is
about
tale
story.
Please
tell
me
the
reason
why
you
missed
the
plane.
二、先行词：定语从句在句中作定语,
用来修饰某个名词或代词,
这个名词或代词叫先行词,
而定语从句位于先行词的后面。
三、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。
关系词分关系代词(that,
which,
who,
whom,
whose)和关系副词(when,
where,
why)。
关系词常有3个作用：1.连接作用。连接主句和从句。
2.指代作用。指代先行词
3.在从句中充当一定成分。
指人
指物
所作成分
关
系
代
词
that
√
√
主语、宾语、表语
which
√
主语、宾语、表语
who
√
主语、宾语、表语
whom
√
宾语
whose
√
√
定语
as
√
√
主语、宾语、表语
关系
副词
when
时间状语
why
原因状语
where
地点状语
注意：that和which的用法区别
1．
只用which不用that的情况
(1)
在非限制性定语从句中，which既可代表先行词又可代表前面的一整句话，译成“这一点，这一件事”。
(2)
在介词后面。
(3)
先行词是代词that或those时。
2．
只用that不用which的情况
(1)
当先行词是all,
everything,
anything,
nothing,
much,
none等不定代词时，只用that。
(2)
先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。
(3)
如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用that。
(4)
先行词被the
only,
the
last,
the
way等修饰时用that。
(5)
在疑问词who,
which,
what开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用that。
四、“介词
＋
关系代词”
引导的定语从句
作介词宾语的关系代词一般是which和whom，“介词＋which/whom”既可以引导限制性定语从句，又可以引导非限制性定语从句。常见的有以下几种结构：
1．
介词
＋
关系代词
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.
＝
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
whom
I
went
to
for
advice.
曼德拉是我寻求建议的一位黑人律师。
2．
名词/代词/数词＋介词＋关系代词
Last
Sunday
I
bought
some
books
from
the
bookstore,
three
of
which
were
English
novels.
＝
Last
Sunday
I
bought
some
books
from
the
bookstore,
of
which
three
were
English
novels.
上个星期天，我从书店买回几本书，其中三本是英文小说。
3．
形容词最高级
＋
介词
＋
关系代词
China
has
thousands
of
islands,
the
largest
of
which
is
Taiwan.
中国有成千上万的岛屿，其中最大的是台湾。
四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句是主句不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句起补充说明作用，去掉了不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
如：
People
who
take
physical
exercise
live
longer.进行体育锻炼的人活得更长些。(限制性定语从句，若把从句去掉句子的意思就不完整。)
His
daughter,
who
is
in
Boston
now,
is
coming
home
next
week.他女儿现在在波士顿，(她)下星期回来。(非限制性定语从句，若把从句去掉句子意义仍然完整。)
五、必须注意的几个问题
1．
定语从句与状语从句、同位语从句及强调句的辨析
比较
例句
区别
与where引导的地点状语从句的区别
①Years
later,
he
went
to
New
York,
where/in
which
he
made
great
success.
②The
tree
should
be
planted
where
there
is
plenty
of
rain.
①where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词，在从句中作状语，where可以转化为“介词＋
which”。
②句中where引导的从句前无先行词，因此引导的是地点状语从句，where本身在从句中作状语，不能转化为“介词＋关系代词”。
比较
例句
区别
与同位语从句的区别
①This
is
the
suggestion(that)
he
put
forward.
②He
gave
me
a
suggestion
that
we
should
start
at
5
o'clock.
①that引导的是定语从句，that代替先行词在从句中充当宾语。②同位语从句中连接词that
在从句中无意义，不作成分但不可省略。
与强调句的区别
①It
was
last
night
that
I
saw
the
accident.
②It
was
a
time
when
there
were
still
slaves.
判断强调句的方法是把it
is/
was和
that
(who)
去掉，如果句子仍然完整，则是强调句。(①句去掉it
was…that
成为I
saw
the
accident
last
night.)
2.
“使用where而非真实‘地点’”型定语从句
定语从句的先行词是situation,
case,
point,
scene等名词而且从句缺少状语时，要使用where表示“一种特定的……情况”或“一个特定的……场合”。如：
I
have
come
to
the
point
where
I
can't
stand
him.
我已经到了无法容忍他的程度。
He's
got
himself
into
a
dangerous
situation
where
he
is
likely
to
lose
control
over
the
plane.
他发现他到了有可能会失去控制飞机的地步。
1．
关系代词的误用及漏用
(1)
【误】
I've
read
all
the
books
which
you
lent
me.
【正】
I've
read
all
the
books
that
you
lent
me.
【解析】
定语从句的先行词被all，some，any，no，few等修饰时，关系代词用that。
(2)
【误】
The
student
is
standing
there
is
our
monitor.
【正】
The
student
(who/that
is)
standing
there
is
our
monitor.
【解析】
定语从句中关系代词作主语时不能省略；此处也可把定语从句改为现在分词作定语。
(3)
【误】
Dinner
starts
with
a
small
dish，that
is
often
called
a
starter.
【正】
Dinner
starts
with
a
small
dish，which
is
often
called
a
starter.
【解析】
用which引导非限制性定语从句，而不用that引导。
(4)【误】
He
lives
in
the
room，the
window
of
that
faces
the
south.
【正】
He
lives
in
the
room，the
window
of
which
faces
the
south.
【解析】
“介词＋关系代词”中的关系代词用which不用that。
(5)
【误】
The
man
with
who
I
worked
has
left.
【正】
The
man
with
whom
I
worked
has
left.
【解析】
“介词＋whom”引导定语从句。
2.
定语从句主谓不一致
【误】
This
is
one
of
the
rooms
that
is
free
now.
【正】
This
is
one
of
the
rooms
that
are
free
now.
【解析】
在one
of…结构中，先行词为of后的复数名词或代词，从句谓语用复数。先行词是the
only/very
one
of＋复数名词时，从句谓语用单数。
3．
关系词与被替换词重复
【误】
This
is
the
jacket
which
I
bought
it
last
month.
【正】
This
is
the
jacket
which
I
bought
last
month.
【解析】
which在从句中作宾语，it多余。
4．
介词的误用
【误】
The
computer
to
which
I
paid
4,000
yuan
is
made
in
Shanghai.
【正】
The
computer
for
which
I
paid
4,000
yuan
is
made
in
Shanghai.
【解析】
介词的选用既要考虑先行词，又要考虑定语从句中动词或形容词与介词的搭配习惯。此处pay…for
sth.为固定短语，意为“花钱买……”。
5．
from
where与from
which混用
【误】
They
stood
on
the
top
of
the
building,
from
which
they
could
see
the
whole
city.
【正】
They
stood
on
the
top
of
the
building,
from
where
they
could
see
the
whole
city.
【解析】
from
where＝from
the
top
of
the
building，from
which＝from
the
building，显然前者比较合适。
6．
忽视倒装结构
【误】
The
fisherman
lives
in
an
old
house,
in
front
of
which
a
well
lies.
【正】
The
fisherman
lives
in
an
old
house,
in
front
of
which
lies
a
well.
【解析】
in
front
of…放在定语从句句首，且从句中含有动词lie,
stand等，主语为名词，这时要采用倒装结构，把lie,
stand等放在作主语的名词前。
7．
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句误用
(1)
【误】
Charles
Smith,
that
was
my
former
teacher,
retired
last
year.
【正】
Charles
Smith,
who
was
my
former
teacher,
retired
last
year.
【解析】
在非限制性定语从句中，当先行词指人时，关系代词用who,
whom。
(2)
【误】
This
novel,
I
have
read
three
times,
is
very
touching.
【正】
This
novel,
which
I
have
read
three
times,
is
very
touching.
【解析】
在非限制性定语从句中，关系词不能省略。
(3)
【误】
I
had
told
them
the
reason,
why
I
didn't
attend
the
meeting.
【正】
I
had
told
them
the
reason,
for
which
I
didn't
attend
the
meeting.
【解析】
that,
why通常不用于引导非限制性定语从句。
专题十
│
反面解读
(4)
正如所通知的那样，我们下个月要举行期末考试。
【误】
It
has
been
announced，we
shall
have
our
final
exams
next
month.
【误】
Which
has
been
announced,
we
shall
have
our
final
exams
next
month.
【正】
It
has
been
announced
that
we
shall
have
our
final
exams
next
month.
【正】
As
has
been
announced,
we
shall
have
our
final
exams
next
month.
【解析】
as
has
been
announced引导一个定语从句，放在句首，不能使用which；有时可与It
is/has
been…
that…转换。
(5)
我看过《金婚》这部电影，它的男主角是张国立。
【误】
I
have
seen
the
film
Golden
Anniversary，its
leading
actor
is
Zhang
Guoli.
【正】
I
have
seen
the
film
Golden
Anniversary，whose
leading
actor
is
Zhang
Guoli.
【正】
I
have
seen
the
film
Golden
Anniversary,
its
leading
actor
Zhang
Guoli.
【解析】
在定语从句中，whose既可指人，也可指物，往往放在从句中的某一名词前作定语；该句也可改为独立主格形式。
8．定语从句的分隔
Later
in
this
chapter
cases
will
be
introduced
to
readers
________
consumer
complaints
have
resulted
in
changes
in
the
law.
A．where
B．when
C．who
D．which
【误】
由于不能正确判断哪个是先行词而误选C。
【正】
cases是先行词，正确答案是A。
【解析】
cases在定语从句中作状语，构成in
the
cases，主句是cases
will
be
introduced
to
readers，所以用where引导定语从句。在定语从句中有时会出现先行词与定语从句分隔的现象。要注意准确辨认。
课堂练习
1．Patience，without________you
can’t
do
the
work
well，is
a
kind
of
quality.
A．that
B．it
C．which
D．what
解析：　句意为：耐心是一种品质。没有了耐心，你不能做好工作。此处考查了定语从句中“介词＋which”的情况，which指代的是先行词patience。
答案：　C
2．The
owner
wanted
to
charge
$5,000
for
his
car，________I
managed
to
lower
to
$3,500.
A．since
B．What
C．which
D．that
解析：　关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中充当lower
的宾语，而that不能引导非限性定语从句。
答案：　C
3.
still
can’t
believe
my
eyes
when
I
remember
the
scene________the
best
player
should
miss
the
pass.
A．that
B．which
C．where
D．how
解析：　where
引导定语从句修饰先行词scene，where在从句中作状语。句意为：当我记起当时那个最好的选手没有过关时，我简直不敢相信我的眼睛。
答案：　C
4．________was
reported
in
the
paper，people
in
mainland
China
sent
disaster
relief
materials
to
help
the
flooded
area
in
Taiwan
Island.
A．It
B．That
C．As
D．What
解析：　选择定语从句的引导词的关键是：在主句中找出先行词。该句中定语从句的先行词是后面的整个句子people
in
mainland
China
sent
disaster
relief
materials
to
help
the
flooded
area
in
Taiwan
Island.
答案：　C
5．China’s
new
food
law
provides
for
a
food
recall
system________producers
have
to
stop
production
if
their
food
isn’t
up
to
standards.
A．where
B．that
C．when
D．which
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：中国新的食品法规定了食品召回制度，即如果食品达不到标准，生产者就必须停止生产。先行词为a
food
recall
system，定语从句为producers
have
to
stop
production
if
their
food
isn’t
up
to
standards(in
the
food
recall
system)，故选A。
答案：　A
6．Our
teacher
urges
us
to
form
a
good
habit
of
learning，________we
think
will
benefit
us
in
the
long
term.
A．what
B．that
C．which
D．who
解析：　本题考查定语从句。本题属于非限制性定语从句，从句意可知关系代词指代a
good
habit
of
learning，在从句中作主语，因此选择which。
答案：　C
7．Remember
that
there
is
still
one
point________we
must
make
clear
at
the
conference
tomorrow.
A．where
B．why
C．when
D．that
解析：　考查定语从句。解定语从句题的关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是one
point，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，这里先行词在从句中作make
clear的宾语，所以用关系代词that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作宾语，据此选D项。
答案：　D
8．She’s
in
a
hopeless
situation，________we
will
keep
a
very
close
eye
on.
A．where
B．when
C．which
D．that
解析：　考查定语从句。定语从句的解题关键是：在主句中找出先行词，该句的先行词是a
hopeless
situation，然后把先行词“代入”从句中，判断其在从句中的“地位”和“作用”，此处关系词在从句中作on的宾语，同时这里又是非限制性定语从句，所以应该用关系代词which，选C项。
答案：　C
9．I
admire
my
English
teacher.I
can
remember
very
few
occasions________she
stopped
working
because
of
ill
health.
A．that
B．when
C．where
D．which
解析：　考查定语从句。根据语意“我记得她很少因生病而停止工作”可知，定语从句引导词在从句中作状语，故用when。
答案：　B
10．The
moment________John
will
never
forget
is________Mr
Smith
gave
him
a
lot
of
valuable
advice
on
how
to
improve
his
writing.
A．that；that
B．that；when
C．when；that
D．when；when
解析：　考查从句引导词。第一空用that
引导定语从句，修饰先行词The
moment；第二空用when引导表语从句，并在从句中作时间状语，故答案为B。
答案：　B
11．I
don’t
like
the
way________he
often
uses
to
speak
to
me.
A．in
which
B．how
C．which
D．what
解析：　考查定语从句。which引导定语从句，修饰先行词way，而且which在从句中作uses的宾语。
答案：　C
12．John，________money
is
no
problem，still
leads
a
simple
life.
A．for
whose
B．of
whose
C．of
whom
D．for
whom
解析：　考查定语从句。可以把定语从句部分变化成“Money
is
no
problem
for
John”，这样便不难看出用介词for＋关系代词whom(指代John)来引导定语从句。
答案：　D
13．He
didn’t
put
the
things________they
belonged，for________he
got
his
punishment.
A．which；that
B．what；this
C．that；whose
D．where；which
解析：　考查复合句。从句子结构看前半句中的从句是状语从句表示放东西的地方，因此使用where引导；后半句是非限制性定语从句，使用which指代前面整个句子的意思，这是which的典型用法。
答案：　D
14．All
the
neighbors
admire
this
family，________the
children
and
parents
build
up
a
friendly
relationship.
A．why
B．where
C．which
D．that
解析：　考查定语从句。句意为：所有的邻居都羡慕这个家庭，在这个家庭里父母和子女建立了和谐的关系。where在此处相当于in
which，引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为this
family。
答案：　B
15．As
to
the
unemployment，the
government
has
taken
a
series
of
measures
in
many
areas，________，I
am
sure，will
benefit
the
people
out
of
work.
A．which
B．that
C．what
D．where
解析：　考查非限制性定语从句。which引导的从句修饰前面整个句子，I
am
sure为插入语。
答案：　A
1.
Maria
has
written
two
novels,
both
of
___
have
been
made
into
television
series.
A.
them
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
1.C
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：Maria写了两部小说，两部都被拍成了电视剧。此处先行词为two
novels,后面是一个非限制性定语从句且介词在前面，因此用使用both
of
which来引导，故正确答案为C。
2.
The
air
quality
in
the
city,
_____
is
shown
in
the
report,
has
improved
over
the
past
two
months.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
as
D.
what
2.
C
本题考查定语从句引导词。句意：正如报道的那样，这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月里已经得到了改善。应为as引导的非限制性定语从句，故正确答案为C。
3.
Ellen
was
a
painter
of
birds
and
of
nature,
_____,
for
some
reason,
had
withdrawn
from
all
human
society.
A.
Which
B.
who
C.
where
D.
whom
3.B
考查定语从句。通过分析可以看出，本句先行词为ellen,指人，空格处应做主语。
Which修行先行词是物的定语从句；whom修饰先行词为人，且在从句中做宾语；where修饰先行词是地点名词，且在从句中地点状语，均不符合语境，故排除。who引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中做主语，故正确答案为B。
4.We
live
in
an
age
_____more
information
is
available
with
greater
ease
than
ever
before.
A.
why
B.
when
C.
to
whom
D.
on
which
4.
B
考查定语从句。when引导定义从句，在从句中做时间状语，修饰先行词an
age（时代）.
此处的when=at
which。故正确答案为B。
5.After
the
flooding,
people
were
suffering
in
that
area,_______
urgently
needed
clean
water,
medicine
and
shelter
to
survive.
A.
which
B.
who
C.
where
D.
what
5.
B考查定语从句中关系代词的使用。指人的先行词people在非限制性定语从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故选B项。
6.
Sales
director
is
a
position
______
communication
ability
is
just
as
important
as
sales
A.
which
B.
that
C.
when
D.
where
6.D
考查定语从句。“position”为先行词，后面是其定语从句，关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，因此，应该使用关系副词“where”来引导定语从句。因此，正确答案为D选项。
7.
In
our
class
there
are
46
students,
_____
half
wear
glasses.
A.
in
whom
B.
in
them
C.
of
whom
D.
of
them
7.C
本题考查定语从句。前后两句话之间无连词，故不能用人称代词them而应用关系代词whom引导定语从句；在46个学生当中，表所属，应用of。故答案选C。
8.
It
is
the
third
time
that
she
has
won
the
race,
______
has
surprised
us
all.
A.
that
B.
where
C.
which
D.
what
8.C
考查定语从句。所填词前有逗号，是非限制性定语从句，先行词是整个主句，关系词在从句中做主语，选C。
9.
When
deeply
absorbed
in
work,
______
he
often
was，he
would
forget
all
about
eating
or
sleeping.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
where
D.
when
9.
B本题考查非限制性定语从句。句意：当沉下心工作后，他经常这样，他会忘了吃饭和睡觉。这里也是一个定语从句，不过这里的定语从句修饰的是前面整个句子，故使用which表示前面整个句子，所以答案为B。
10
That
evening,
_____
I
will
tell
you
more
about
later,
I
ended
up
working
very
late.
A.
that
B.
which
C.
what
D.
when
10.B
考查定语从句。句意：以后我将和你谈起的那个晚上，我工作到了很晚。这里that
evening是先行词，其在定语从句中作介词about的宾语，所以用which。
11.I
wish
to
thank
Professor
Smith,
without_______help
I
would
never
have
got
this
far.
who
B.
whose
C.
whom
D.
which
11.B
本题考查定语从句。句意：我想感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助我从来不会发展到这个地步。本句为非限制性定语从句，且句子缺少定语，故正确答案为B。高考英语语法核心考点专项复习
形容词副词知识点整理总结
形容词副词是英语学习的基础知识点也是重点，是考试的重点。本专题是从形容词副词的基本作用、后缀和词性转换、比较等级来讲解。
一、形容词的作用
作定语
He
has
never
seen
such
a
more
interesting
film.他从来没有看过这么有趣的电影。
作表语
I’m
fine,
but
tired.我身体很好，但很累。
The
weather
is
getting
warmer
and
warmer.天气变得越来越暖和。
主语（宾语）补足语
The
fish
was
caught
alive.这条鱼是活抓的。（主语补足语）?
Now
you
have
to
pull
it
to
make
the
surface
smooth
like
that.?
现在你必须拉动它以使表面像这样的光滑。（宾语补足语）
伴随状语
He
spent
7days
in
the
wind
and
snow,cold
and
hungry.
他在风雪中度过了7天，又冷又饿。
She
stared
into
the
distance,
speechless
for
a
long
time.
她盯着远处看，好长时间不讲话。
与定冠词连用表示某一类人或物，在句中可作主语、宾语
The
rich
and
the
poor
live
very
different
lives.富人和穷人过着不同的生活。
二、副词作用
作状语
He
worked
hard
all
his
life.他一辈子工作努力。?
He
plays
tennis
very
badly.他网球打得相当糟糕。
作表语
Sorry,Mr.Smith
isn’t
in.He
is
out.抱歉，史密斯先生不在，他出去了。
作定语
On
our
way
home,we
saw
a
traffic
accident.?在回家的路上，我们目睹了一起交通事故。
作宾语补足语
I
saw
you
out
with
Mr.White
yesterday
morning.?
昨天早上我看到你和史密斯先生出去了。
注意
兼有两种形式的副词
(1)close与closely:
close意思是“近”；
closely
意思是“仔细地”。
(2)late与lately:
late意思是“晚”；
lately
意思是“最近”。
(3)deep与deeply:
deep意思是“深”，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，“深深地”。
(4)high与highly:
high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。
(5)wide与widely:
wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多地方”。
(6)free与freely:
free的意思是“免费”；freely
的意思是“无限制地”
三、形容词、副词的比较等级
解答比较等级这类题目时考生一定要善于判断比较的对象或范围：如果没有比较的对象或范围就用原级；如果是两者或两方面之间的比较就用比较级；如果是三个或三个以上的人或事物进行比较那就用最高级。
比较级中的两个特殊作用的结构
:
The
＋
比较级
＋
句子，
the
＋
比较级
＋
句子和
比较级＋
and
＋
比较级。
前一个句型结构表示的意义是“越(怎么样就)越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”不要求词性一定相同，它们各自的词性要依句子的需要而定；后一个句型结构表示的意义是“越来越(怎么样)”，在这个结构中的两个“比较级”则要求词性相同。如：
The
harder
you
work
at
your
study,
the
better
academic
records
you
will
have.
你学习越努力，你的成绩就越好。
The
more
we
have,
the
more
we
want.人欲无穷。
When
winter
is
coming
,
it
gets
colder
and
colder.冬天来临之际，天越来越冷了。
He
became
less
and
less
satisfied
with
the
football
team’s
performance.
他对足球队的表现越来越不满意了。
2．比较级与否定词连用可表示最高级之意。如：
I
have
never
seen
a
better
film
than
the
one
I
saw
last
night.
我从来没有看过比昨天晚上那部更好的电影。
—Shall
we
have
a
short
rest?“我们可不可以休息一会儿？”
—I
can’t
agree
any
more.“非常同意。”
3．as＋形容词或副词原级＋as像……一样………
在否定句或疑问句中可用so…
as…
He
cannot
run
so/as
fast
as
you.他跑得不如你快。
【专家提醒】
当as…
as
中间有名词时采用以下格式：as
＋形容词＋
a(an)
＋单数名词；
as
＋
many/much
＋名词
This
is
as
good
an
example
as
the
other
is.这是一个和另一个一样好的例子。
4．可修饰比较级的程度副词
(1)a
bit,
a
little,
rather,
much,
far,
by
far,
many,
a
lot,
lots,
a
great
deal,
any,
still,
even等。
(2)还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。
(3)以上词(除by
far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。
5．than构成的习语
(1)
more
B
than
A　A不如说B
(2)
no
more…
than…
与……一样……，不比……多
no
less…
than…与……一样……
(3)more
than　，非常
(4)rather
than
而不是
(5)other
than
除……外。
首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：
not
more...than＝不如……
no
more...than＝和……一样不
(否定两者)
not
less...than＝不如……不
(即指不如
less
后形容词的反面)
no
less...than＝和……一样
(肯定两者)
比较以下各句的意思：
You
are
more
careful
than
he
is.
你比他仔细。
You
are
not
more
careful
than
he
is.
你不如他仔细。
You
are
no
more
careful
than
he
is.
你和他一样不仔细。
You
are
less
careful
than
he
is.
你不如他仔细(你比他粗心)。
You
are
not
less
careful
than
he
is.
你比他仔细(你不如他粗心)。
You
are
no
less
careful
than
he
is.
你和他一样仔细。
倍数表示法
(1)……倍数＋形容词(或副词)的比较级＋than。如：
①This
rope
is
twice
longer
than
that
one.
这根绳的长度是那根绳的三倍。(比那根绳长二倍)
②This
hall
is
five
times
bigger
than
our
classroom.
这个大厅比我们的教室大五倍。(是我们教室的六倍)
(2)……倍数＋as＋形容词(或
much)或副词＋as。如：
①This
big
stone
is
three
times
as
heavy
as
that
one.
这块大石头的重量是那一块的三倍。(这块石头比那块重二倍)
②The
plane
flew
ten
times
as
high
as
the
kite.
那架飞机飞行高度是那个风筝的十倍。(高出九倍)
(3)……倍数＋the
size(length，height...)of。如：
①This
street
is
four
times
the
length
of
that
street.
这条街是那条街的四倍长。
②This
hill
is
four
times
the
height
of
that
small
one.
这座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。(比那座小山高三倍)
也可用：The
height
of
this
hill
is
four
times
that
of
that
small
one.
四、误区点拨
1．
要避免重复使用比较级。
【误】
He
is
more
cleverer
than
his
brother.
【正】
He
is
more
clever
than
his
brother.
【正】
He
is
cleverer
than
his
brother.
2．
要避免将主语含在比较对象中。
【误】
China
is
larger
than
any
country
in
Asia.
【正】
China
is
larger
than
any
other
country
in
Asia.
3．
比较的对象要一致。
【误】
The
weather
in
China
is
different
from
America.
【正】
The
weather
in
China
is
different
from
that
in
America.
【解析】
句意为：中国的天气与美国的天气不同。比较的是天气而不是国家，比较的主体要一致，因此用that代替前面的weather。
4．
要避免表语形容词用作定语。
【误】
Entering
the
room,
I
saw
an
afraid
girl
crouching
in
the
corner.
【正】
Entering
the
room,
I
saw
a
frightened
girl
crouching
in
the
corner.
【解析】
afraid是表语形容词不能作定语，而frightened是过去分词变来的普通形容词，可以作定语。
5．
不要把连接性副词当连词使用。
(1)
【误】
He
takes
no
interest
in
studies,
instead,
he
plays
tennis
all
day.
【正】
He
takes
no
interest
in
studies;
instead,
he
plays
tennis
all
day.
【正】
He
takes
no
interest
in
studies.
Instead,
he
plays
tennis
all
day.
(2)
【误】
The
house
is
not
big
enough
for
us,
besides,
it
is
too
far
from
town.
【正】
The
house
is
not
big
enough
for
us,
and
besides,
it
is
too
far
from
town.
【正】
The
house
is
not
big
enough
for
us.
Besides,
it
is
too
far
from
town.
【解析】
instead,
besides等很多词是起连接作用的副词，不能当连词使用，因此它们所在的句子和前面的句子之间只有语义上的逻辑关系，而句子之间在语法上是独立的，因此前面的句子要用句号或分号或用and并列。
课堂练习
1．When
you
study
the
local
map，you'll
find
this
town
is________
.
A．twice
the
size
of
that
one
B．twice
as
a
large
town
as
that
C．twice
as
larger
as
that
one
D．twice
as
larger
a
town
as
that
解析：句意：当你研究当地的地图时，你会发现这座城镇是那个的两倍大。倍数的表达方式：A
is
＋倍数＋the＋名词(如size/length)＋of
B；B项中不定冠词位置错误；C、D项中as后应用形容词原级。
答案：A
2．Believe
it
or
not，swimming
is________
as
any
to
lose
unwanted
weight.
A．a
way
as
good
B．as
a
good
way
C．as
a
way
good
D．as
good
a
way
解析：考查固定短语。as...as表示“和……一样”，固定表达方式有“as＋adj./adv.＋as”“as＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋as”等。
答案：D
3．David
got
a
higher
grade
in
the
final
exam，for，you
see，he
made
________
mistakes.
A．few
B．fewer
C．little
D．less
解析：考查形容词比较级。所填词修饰可数名词mistakes，且根据题干意思是否定，由前一分句中的higher可知所填词用比较级，因此选B。
答案：B
4．—Do
you
think
that
the
11th
Chinese
National
Games
were
a
success?
—Yes，________
！It
couldn't
be
________
.
A．relatively；better
B．approximately；worse
C．absolutely；better
D．fortunately；worse
解析：本题考查副词和形容词在语境中的运用。relatively
相对地，比较地；approximately
大约；absolutely
当然是，绝对正确；fortunately
幸运地。根据语境知，第十一届全运会绝对是一个成功的盛会，没有比它更好的了，故C项正确。
答案：C
5．Of
the
two
cameras，I
would
prefer
________
one，which
is
very
easy
for
me
to
carry.
A．a
smaller
B．the
smallest
C．a
small
D．the
smaller
解析：考查形容词比较级。由of
the
two
cameras
可知，总共有两台相机，其中“小的那台”，应该用比较级smaller，同时又是“确指”的概念，所以用the
smaller，选D项。
答案：D
6．When
it
was
his
turn
to
deliver
his
speech，________
，he
walked
towards
the
microphone.
A．nervously
and
embarrassingly
B．nervous
and
embarrassedly
C．nervously
and
embarrassing
D．nervous
and
embarrassed
解析：该题考查形容词作状语。形容词一般作定语，但也可作状语，表状态或结果。如：He
lay
in
bed，awake.再如：Her
husband
came
back，drunk.
答案：D
7．My
grandfather
is
as
________
as
a
young
man
and
hates
sitting
around
doing
nothing
all
day.
A．enthusiastic
B．energetic
C．talkative
D．sensitive
解析：依据后半句hates
sitting
around
doing
nothing
all
day
可知这里表示“精力充沛的”，故选B项。enthusiastic热情的；talkative
健谈的；sensitive
敏感的。
答案：B
8．Even
students
with
________
intelligence
can
be
excellent
students
after
bettering
their
study
habits.
A．average
B．unusual
C．splendid
D．popular
解析：考查形容词辨析。average
表示“一般的，平常的”；unusual
表示“异乎寻常的”；splendid
表示“极好的，壮丽的”；popular
则表示“流行的”。根据语意，此处表示“智力一般的学生在改进学习习惯之后也能变得很出色”，所以选A项。
答案：A
9．Young
people
go
to
college
with
the
expectation
that________
educated
people
get
a
higher
pay.
A．good
B．better
C．best
D．the
best
解析：本题考查形容词、副词的比较级。句意为：年轻人上大学，带着这样的期望——得到更好教育的人会得到更高的工资报酬。所以本题应该选择B项。
答案：B
10．The
increase
of
the
number
of
the
students
makes
the
limited
computers
not________
to
each
student.
A．available
B．affordable
C．helpful
D．acceptable
解析：考查形容词词义辨析。语境为：学生数量的增加使有限的电脑不够每个学生都使用。固定短语be
available
to意为“可享受的，可得到的，可使用的”。be
helpful
to对……有帮助的，有益的，有用的；affordable付得起的，不太昂贵的；acceptable可接受的，合意的，可承受的，可忍受的。语境暗示学生多，电脑少，因此应是不够用。
答案：A
11．Though
many
extra
planes
and
trains
are
used
to
carry
passengers，traffic
tools
are
still________
needed
during
the
“May
Day”
holidays.
A．eagerly
B．badly
C．equally
D．slightly
解析：考查副词。尽管增加了许多航班和火车班次以便运送旅客，但是在五一假期里交通工具还很急需。eagerly
热切地；badly很，非常；equally
平等地；slightly略微，稍微。只有B项符合语意。
答案：B
12．On
snowy
days，you
have
to
drive
very
________
to
avoid
traffic
accidents.
A．cautiously
B．neatly
C．smoothly
D．properly
解析：句意为：在下雪天，你必须谨慎驾车以避免交通事故。cautiously
谨慎地；neatly整洁地；smoothly平滑地；properly适当地。
答案：A
13．He
was
robbed
last
night，but________
he
didn't
have
much
on
him
then.
A．fortunately
B．eventually
C．certainly
D．surprisingly
解析：fortunately幸运地；eventually最终；certainly当然；surprisingly惊讶地。句意为：他昨晚被抢劫了，但幸运的是那时他身上没有多少钱。
答案：A
14．Sorry,
somebody
borrowed
the
book
last
week，but
I'll
let
you
know
once
it
is________
.
A．possible
B．probable
C．available
D．punctual
解析：句意为：对不起，上周有人把书借走了，但一旦有的话，我会让你知道。available
可得到的；probable
可能的；punctual
准时的。
答案：C
15．This
new
kind
of
chemicals
will
help
keep
the
air，soil
and
water________
from
pollution.
A．free
B．empty
C．loose
D．short
解析：句意为：这种新的化学物质将有助于使空气、土壤和水免受污染。此处free表示“免于，不受……影响的”，和from
搭配。
答案：A
16．—Jack
is
really
a
brave
guy.
—So
he
is.And
we
can't
admire
his
courage________
.
A．too
much
B．a
lot
C．very
much
D．a
little
解析：考查固定结构。从语意看，答话人也认为Jack是个勇敢的男孩，用can't
...too
much
表示“再……也不为过”。语意：我们非常欣赏他的勇气。
答案：A
17．My
mom
once
worked
in
a
very
small
village
school，which
is________
only
on
foot.
A．acceptable
B．adequate
C．accessible
D．appropriate
解析：考查形容词辨析。句意为：我妈妈曾经在一个小村庄的学校教书，这所学校只有步行才能到达。这里用accessible
表示“可进入的，可接近的”。acceptable
可接受的；adequate
适当的，充分的；appropriate
合适的，适当的。
答案：C
18．—Do
you
like
the
place
of
interest?
—On
the
contrary，it's
the________
place
that
I
want
to
visit.
A．worst
B．last
C．best
D．latest
解析：考查形容词辨析。根据答语中的On
the
contrary
可知，答话者对这个地方不满意。B项的last
表示“最不可能的”，即那是我最不想参观的地方。
答案：B
19．After
the
accident,
the
names
of
injured
passengers
who
have
been
sent
to
hospitals
were
published
online
and
updated
________.
A．extremely
B．constantly
C．vivitly
D．particularly
解析：考查副词辨析。语意表示在事故发生之后，受伤并被送往医院治疗的乘客名单被公布到网上，并且不断得到更新。用constantly表示“经常地，持续不断地”。
答案：B
20．When
you
arrive
at
the
airport,
you
can
wait
for
our
car
to
pick
you
up,
or,
________，
you
may
just
get
into
a
taxi
and
come
directly
to
our
company.
A．instantly
B．accidentally
C．clearly
D．alternatively
解析：考查副词辨析。语意表示“到达机场之后你可以等我们的车来接你，或者也可以直接打车来公司”，用alternatively表示(引出第二种选择或可能的建议)“要不，或者”。
答案：D
1.
How
beautifully
she
sings!
I
have
never
heard
_____
voice.
A.
a
better
B.
a
best
C.
the
better
D.
the
best
2.
Professor
White
has
written
some
short
stories,
but
he
is
_____
known
for
his
plays.
A.
the
best
B.
more
C.
better
D.
the
most
3.
The
plane
flew
smoothly
______
in
the
sky
and
people
spoke
______
of
the?experienced
pilot.
A.
high；high???
??????
B.
highly；highly
C.
high；highly????????????
D.
highly；high
4.
——
What
do
you
think
of
the
concert?
——
Oh,
it
was______success.
A.
a
very
B.
quite
a
C
.so
D.
really
5.
I
haven’t
seen______
this
since
I
collected
stamps.
A.
as
old
a
stamp
as
B.
so
an
old
stamp
as
C.
stamp
as
old
as
D.
as
an
old
stamp
a
6.The
task
is
too
much
for
me,
so
I
can’t
carry
on
______any
longer.
I
must
get
some
help.
A.
singly
B.simply
C.alone
D.lonely
7.
Have
your
working
conditions
improved?
---No,
______than
before,
I’m
afraid.
A.
no
better
B.a
little
batter
C.not
worse
D.no
worse
8.
To
their
great
relief,
the
missing
child
returned
home,
______,
after
an
absence
of
two
weeks.
A.
felt
tired
and
sound
B.
tiring
and
soundly
C.
feeling
tired
but
soundly
D.
tired
but
sound
9.
We
must
keep
our
room
clean,
for
dirt
and
disease
go______,
you
know.
A.
hand
in
hand
B.
step
by
step
C.
from
time
ti
time
D.
one
after
another
10.
——How
are
you
getting
on
with
your
classmates?
——______.
I’ve
got
to
know
them
all.
Far
better
B.
Much
pleased
C.
Very
comfortable
D.
Very
good
11.
It
is
always
difficult
being
in
a
foreign
country,
__________if
you
don’t
speak
the
language.
A.extremely
B.naturally
C.basically
D.especially
12.
It
is
generally
believed
that
teaching
is
___________it
is
a
science.
A.an
art
much
as
B.much
an
art
as
C.as
an
art
much
as
D.as
much
an
art
as
13．—Jim,
are
you
______this
Saturday?
—Oh,
sorry.
I
need
to
go
to
the
bookshop
______the
bank
on
Saturday.
convenient;
and
B．convenient;
as
well
as
C．available;
with
D．available;
as
well
as
14.This
new
kind
of
chemicals
will
help
keep
the
air,
soil
and
water
______from
pollution.
A.
free
B.
empty
C.
loose
D.
short
15．—How
is
your
father?
—He’s
fine.
He’s
______to
play
tennis
every
Sunday.
enough
active
still
B.
enough
still
active
C.
still
active
enough
D.
still
enough
active
16.—Which
team
is________to
win
the
game?
—I
don’t
know,
but
I’ve
found________for
ours
to
win.
probable;
it
unlikely
B.
likely;
it
possible
C.
possible;
it
possible
D.
likely;
it
possibly
17.
He
didn’t
understand
the
________question,
so
there
was
a________expression
on
his
face.
A.
puzzling;
puzzled
B.
puzzling;
puzzling
C.
puzzled;
puzzled
D.
puzzled;
puzzling
18.
It
was
raining
heavily.
Little
Mary
felt
cold,
so
she
stood________to
her
mother.
A.
close
B.
closely
C.
closed
D.
closing
19．I
can’t
give
you
an
answer
right
now.
I’d
like________more
time
to
consider
my
decision.
A．still
B．fairly
C．quite
D．a
lot
20.
I
spent
________time
doing
the
job,
but
I
didn’t
do
any
better
than
he.
A．as
twice
B．twice
much
C．twice
much
as
D．twice
as
much
【参考答案】
1-5ACCBA
6-10CADAA
11-15DDDAC
16-20BAAAD高考英语语法核心考点专题复习
时态知识点整理总结+习题(含答案)
时态是英语学习的基础，高考的重点。时态考察的本质是动词结构，英语是一门动词的语言，动词是重中之重。时态需要掌握：动词结构、时间状语、动词变形和考点。
1.
一般现在时
(do/does;
is/am/are)
①表示现在的情况、状态和特征。
例:He
is
a
student.
他是一个学生。
②
表示经常性、习惯性动作。
例:He
always
helps
others.
他总是帮助别人。
③
客观事实和普遍真理。
例:The
earth
moves
the
sun.
地球绕着太阳转。
④
表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。(常用于列车、客车、飞机或轮船时刻表)
例:The
next
train
leaves
at
3
o'clock
this
afternoon.
下一趟火车今天下午3点开车。
⑤
主将从现:在时间、条件和让步状语从句中经常用一般现在表示将的来事情。
例:If
it
rains
tomorrow,
we
will
stay
at
home.
如果明天下雨，我们会待在家里。
2.
现在进行时(am/is/are
doing)
①表示此时此刻正在发生的事情。
例:He
is
listning
to
the
music
now.
他现在正在听音乐。
②表示目前一段时间内一直在做的事情，但不一定此时此刻正在做。
例:I
am
studying
computer
this
term.
这个学期我一直在学习计算机。
③现在进行时可以表示将来的含义。
瞬时动词的进行一定表将来。
例:
I
am
leaving.
我要离开了。
持续动词的进行只有有将来的时间状语或有将来语境中才表将来。
例:
I
am
travelling
next
month.
下个月我要去旅行。
④现在进行时与频度副词连用，表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感彩。
例:
He
is
always
helping
others.
他总是帮助别人。(褒义)
3.
过去进行时(was/
were
doing)
①表示在过去一个具体的时间正在发生的动作。
例:Mary
was
listening
to
light
music
10
minutes
ago.
10分钟前，玛丽正在听轻音乐。
②表示过去某个时间段内一直在发生的事情。
例:I
was
travelling
in
London
last
summer
vacation.
去年暑假我在伦敦旅行。
③过去进行时可以表示过去将来的含义。
瞬时动词的过去进行时一定表示过去将来的含义。
例:Then
she
said
she
was
leaving.
然后她说她要离开了。
持续动词的过去进行时只有在有过去将来的时间状语或过去将来的语境下才能表示过去将来。
例:She
said
that
she
was
travelling
the
next
day.
她说她第二天要去旅行。
④过去进行时和频度副词连用可以表示说话者或褒义或贬义的感彩。
例:When
he
lived
in
country，he
was
always
helping
the
poor.
住在乡下时，他总是帮助穷人。
4.
一般将来时
①基本结构是will
do。
例:We
will
send
her
a
glass
hand-made
craft
as
her
birthday
gift.
我们将送给她一个玻璃的手工制品，作为给她的生日礼物。
②表示“打算…，要…”时，可用
am/is/are
going
to
do。
例:This
is
just
what
I
am
going
to
say.
这正是我想说的。
③
表示“即将、正要”时，可用am/is/are
about
to
do。强调近期内或马上要做的事。
例:Don't
worry,
I
am
about
to
make
a
close
examination
on
you.
别担心，我马上就给你做一次仔细的检查。
④"be
to
do"的2种用法:
a)
表示“按计划、安排即将发生某事或打算做某事”。
例:She
is
to
be
seen
in
the
lab
on
Monday.
星期一你准会在实验室见到她。
b)
该做或不该做的事情(语气上接近于should,
must,
ought
to,
have
to)，表示一种命令、规劝性语气。
例:You
are
to
go
to
bed
and
keep
quiet,
kids.
Our
guests
are
arriving
in
less
than
5
minutes.
孩子们，你们必须
上床睡觉，不准吵闹。我们的客人5分钟之内就要到了。
5.
将来进行时(will
be
doing)
强调在将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
例:Don't
worry,
you
won't
miss
her.
She
will
be
wearing
a
red
T-shirt
and
a
white
skirt
at
that
time.
别担心，你不会认不出她的。她到时会穿一件红色的T恤衫和一条白色的短裙。
6.
过去将来时(would
do)
表示从过去的某个时间看将要发生的事。
例:I
said
on
Thursday
I
should
see
my
friend
the
next
day.
我星期四说我将于第二天拜访我的朋友。
7.过去将来进行时:(
would
be
doing
)
强调在过去将来的某个具体时间正在发生的动作或存在的状态。
例:The
government
promised
that
a
new
highway
would
be
being
built
next
July.
政府承诺说第二年7月将有一条新的高速公路正在修建。
8.
一般过去时
(did;
was/were)
①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况。
例:I
bought
some
fruits
yesterday.
我昨天买了一些水果。
②表示过去习惯性动作。
would/
used
to
do:过去常常......
例:The
old
man
would
sit
on
a
bench
in
the
quiet
park
and
look
at
others
for
hours
without
doing
anything
or
talking
to
anybody.
老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上，看着其他的人，一坐就是数个小时，什么也不干，也不和任何人交谈。
He
used
to
visit
his
mother
once
a
week.
他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲。
9.
现在完成时(have/has
done)
①表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成，强调对现在产生的影响。
例:I
bought
a
new
house,
but
I
haven't
sold
my
old
one
yet,
so
at
the
moment
I
have
two
houses.
我买了一所新房子，但是还没有卖掉旧的，所以现在我又两所房子。
②表示从过去某时刻开始，持续到现在的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点，或for加一段时间，或by加一个现在时间。
例:Great
as
Newton
was,
many
of
his
ideas
have
been
challenged
today
and
are
being
modified
by
the
work
of
scientists
of
our
time.
虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物，但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战，并且被现代科学家的工作所修正。
10.
现在完成进行时(have/has
been
doing)
表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间，延续或重复地出现至今，或将继续延续至将来。
例:We
have
been
working
on
this
project
for
over
a
month
now.
到目前为止，我们一直在处理那个项目，已经花了一个多月时间了。
11.
过去完成时(had
done)
①表示在过去的某个时间或动作以前已经完成的动作或已经存在的状态。就是我们常说的"过去的过去"。
Until
then,
his
family
hadn't
heard
from
him
for
six
months.
到那时为止，他家里已经有六个月没得到他的消息了。
②表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
By
the
time
I
left
the
school,
he
had
taught
the
class
for
3
years.
到我毕业时,他已经教那个班三年了.
12.过去完成进行时:had
been
doing
表示从过去的过去开始，持续到过去的动作或情况，期间一直有规律的在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能会继续延续下去。此时经常用延续性动词。
例:The
old
clock
had
been
being
taken
apart
of
and
fixed
up
again
for
several
times
by
my
10-year
old
son
before
I
came
back
home.
我回到家之前，我10岁大的儿子已经把这个旧钟表拆卸并重新组装了好几回了。
13.过去将来完成时:(would
have
done)
表示到过去将来某一时间已经完成的动作，并且对过去将来那一时间点产生影响。
例:I
believed
by
the
end
of
that
year
an
advanced
version
of
that
software
would
have
been
developed,
but
I
was
wrong.
我坚信到那年年底为止，那个软件的新版本将被开发出来。但是我错了。
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，并且有可能继续延续下去。
例:He
told
me
that
by
the
end
of
the
year
he
would
have
lived
there
for
thirty
years.
他告诉我，到那年年底为止他将已经在那里住了三十年了。
14.过去将来完成进行时:(would
have
been
doing)
表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直延续到过去将来某一时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去。
例:They
said
that
by
the
end
of
the
following
month,
the
project
would
have
been
being
worked
for
3
years.
他们说到第二个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
15.
将来完成时(will
have
done)
①表示一个动作到将来某个时间为止已经完成，强调对将来那个时间产生的影响。
例:Pick
me
up
at
8
o'clock,I
will
have
had
breakfast
by
then.
早上8点钟你来接我,到时我已经吃完早饭了.
②表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，并且有可能继续延续下去。
例:The
conference
will
have
lasted
a
full
week
by
the
time
it
ends.
会议从开始到结束将持续整整一个星期。
16.将来完成进行时:(will
have
been
doing)
表示一个动作延续到将来某个时间，期间一直有规律在进行、不曾间断，并且有可能继续延续下去。
例:By
the
end
of
next
month,
the
project
will
have
been
being
worked
for
3
years.
到下个月底为止，这项工程就已经不停地进行了3年了。
—You
haven’t
said
a
word
about
my
new
coat，Brenda.Do
you
like
it?
—I’m
sorry
I
________
anything
about
it
sooner.I
certainly
think
it’s
pretty
on
you.
A.wasn’t
saying　　　　　　　????B.don’t
say
C.won’t
say??????
???D.didn’t
say
2.I
wonder
why
Jenny
________us
recently.We
should
have
heard
from
her
by
now.
A.hasn’t
written????????B.doesn’t
write
C.won’t
write???????
?D.hadn’t
written
3.—When
will
you
come
to
see
me，Dad?
—I
will
go
to
see
you
when
you
________
the
training
course.
A.will
have
finished?????
??B.will
finish
C.are
finishing????????
?D.finish
4.—How
long
________
at
this
job?
—Since
1990.
A.were
you
employed???????
B.have
you
been
employed
C.had
you
been
employed??????D.will
you
be
employed
5.By
the
end
of
last
year，another
new
gymnasium
________
in
Beijing.
A.would
be
completed???????B.was
being
completed
C.has
been
completed???????D.had
been
completed
6.The
little
girl
________her
heart
out
because
she
________
her
toy
bear
and
believed
she
wasn’t
ever
going
to
find
it.
A.had
cried;
lost???????
?B.cried;
had
lost
C.has
cried;
has
lost???????D.cries;
has
lost
7.—Excuse
me，sir.Would
you
do
me
a
favor?
—Of
course.What
is
it?
—I
________
if
you
could
tell
me
how
to
fill
out
this
form.
A.had
wondered????????B.was
wondering
C.would
wonder????????D.did
wonder
8.He
will
have
learned
English
for
eight
years
by
the
time
he
________
from
the
university
next
year.
A.will
graduate????????B.will
have
graduated
C.graduates????????
?D.is
to
graduate
9.I
feel
it
is
your
husband
who
________for
the
spoiled
child.
A.is
to
blame????????
?B.is
going
to
blame
C.is
to
be
blame????????D.should
blame
10.He
has
been
writing
the
composition
the
whole
morning
and
he
still
________.
A.has
been　　????????B.does　　　
C.has　　　?????????
D.is
11.If
city
noises
________
from
increasing，people
________
shout
to
be
heard
even
at
the
dinner
table
20
years
from
now.
A.are
not
kept;
will
have
to??????B.are
not
kept;
have
to
C.do
not
keep;
will
have
to??????D.do
not
keep;
have
to
12.The
price
________，but
I
doubt
whether
it
will
remain
so.
A.went
down??????
???B.will
go
down
C.has
gone
down????????D.was
going
down
13.—How
long
________
each
other
before
they
________
married?
—For
about
a
year.
A.have
they
known;
get　
B.did
they
know;
get
C.do
they
know;
are
going
to
get　
D.had
they
known;
got
14.You
can’t
move
in
right
now.The
house
________.
A.has
painted????????
?B.is
painted
C.is
being
painted????????D.is
painting
15.—Hey，look
where
you
are
going!
—Oh，I’m
terribly
sorry.________.
A.I’m
not
noticing???????B.I
wasn’t
noticing
C.I
haven’t
noticed???????D.I
don’t
notice
16.The
reporter
said
that
the
UFO
________
east
to
west
when
he
saw
it.
A.was
traveling?????
???B.traveled
C.had
been
traveling???????D.was
to
travel
17.—Is
this
raincoat
yours?
—No，mine
________
there
behind
the
door.
A.is
hanging????B.has
hang???C.hangs????D.hang
18.I
turned
around
and
saw
everybody
________
at
a
man
who
________
loudly
in
a
foreign
language.
A.was
staring;
was
shouting??????B.was
staring;
shouting
C.staring;
shouting????????
D.stared;
shouted
19.Henry
remained
silent
for
a
moment.He
________.
A.thought???????
??B.had
thought
C.was
thinking????????D.was
thought
20.We
would
like
to
go
and
thank
him
ourselves，but
we
________
out
his
address
yet,
A.haven’t
found????????B.hadn’t
found
C.didn’t
find????????
?D.don’t
find
21.Shirley
________
a
book
about
China
last
year
but
I
don’t
know
whether
she
has
finished.
A.has
written?????????B.wrote
C.had
written?????????D.was
writing
22.—Have
you
got
your
test
result?
—Not
yet.The
papers
________.
A.are
not
correcting
B.have
not
corrected
C.are
still
being
corrected
D.have
already
been
corrected
23.See
the
clouds!
It
________
rain!
A.will　????B.is
going
to　???C.must　????D.certainly
24.Do
I
have
to
take
this
medicine?
It
________
so
terrible.
A.tastes????
B.is
tasting???
?C.is
tasted??
?D.has
tasted
25.Don’t
take
the
magazine
away.It
________
me.
A.is
belonged
to????????
B.belongs
to
C.was
belonged
to????????D.is
belonging
to
26.Is
this
the
third
time
that
you
________
late?
A.have
been??
?B.am??
???C.was???
?D.had
been
27.—Do
you
know
when
Tom
________
from
abroad?
—Perhaps
it
will
be
a
long
time
before
he
________.
A.will
come;
will
come?????
??B.comes;
will
come
C.will
come;
comes??????
??D.comes;
comes
28.My
uncle
said
that
he
would
telephone
but
I
________
from
him
so
far.
A.didn’t
hear????
?????B.hadn’t
heard
C.haven’t
heard????????D.won’t
hear
29.The
telephone
________
four
times
in
the
last
hour，and
each
time
it
________
for
my
roommate.
A.has
rung;
was????????B.has
been
ringing;
is
C.had
rung;
was????????D.rang;
has
been
30.A
storm
________
by
a
calm.
A.is
often
being
followed??????B.was
often
followed
C.is
often
followed???????
?D.has
often
been
followed
31.The
pen
I
________
I
________
is
on
my
desk，right
under
my
nose.
A.think;
lost????????
?B.thought;
had
lost
C.think;
had
lost????????D.thought;
lost
32.—We
could
have
walked
to
the
station.It
was
so
near.
—Yes，a
taxi
________
at
all
necessary.
A.wasn’t????????
?B.hadn’t
been
C.couldn’t
be????????D.won’t
be
33.A
friend
of
mine
returned
to
his
house
after
a
holiday
only
to
find
it
________.
A.to
be
broken?????????B.had
broken
into
C.was
broken???????
??D.had
been
broken
into
34.They
believed
that
by
using
computers
the
production
of
their
factory
________.
A.will
greatly
increase
B.would
greatly
increase
C.would
be
increased
greatly
D.will
have
been
greatly
increased
35.His
eyes
shone
brightly
when
he
finally
received
the
magazines
he
________.
A.had
long
been
expected
B.had
long
expected
C.has
long
expected
D.was
long
expected
36.—Do
you
like
the
new
pen?
—Yes，it
________
very
well.
A.is
written?????
??B.is
writing
C.writes??????
??D.wrote
37.—Oh，it’s
you?
I
didn’t
recognize
you.
—I
________
my
hair
cut，and
I
________
new
glass.
A.had;
was
wearing?????
?B.have
had;
am
wearing
C.had;
wore??????
?D.have
had;
wear
38.As
she
________
the
newspaper，Granny
________
asleep.
A.read;
was
falling?????
?B.was
reading;
fell
C.was
reading;
was
falling????
D.read;
fell
39.However
hard
you
________，you
will
never
succeed
in
pleasing
her.
A.try???????
?B.will
try
C.should
try?????
??D.would
try
40.—Can
I
help
you，sir?
—Yes，I
bought
this
radio
yesterday，but
it
________.
A.didn’t
work??????B.won’t
work
C.can’t
work???????D.doesn’t
work
41.—How
are
you
today?
—Oh，I
________
as
ill
as
I
do
now
for
a
very
long
time.
A.didn’t
feel??????
?B.wasn’t
feeling
C.don’t
feel???????
D.haven’t
felt
42.When
Jack
arrived
he
learned
Mary
________
for
about
an
hour.
A.had
gone????
???B.had
set
off
C.had
left????????
D.had
been
away
43.By
this
time
tomorrow
we
________
the
machine.
A.have
repaired??????B.shall
have
repaired
C.will
repair???????
D.would
repair
44.I
don’t
think
Jim
saw
me，he
________
into
space.
A.just
stared??????
?B.was
just
staring
C.has
just
stared??????
D.had
just
stared
45.Helen
________
her
key
in
the
office
so
she
had
to
wait
until
her
husband
________
home.
A.had
left;
came??????B.has
left;
comes
C.left;
had
come??????D.had
left;
would
come
46.—You
have
left
the
light
on.
—Oh，so
I
have.________
and
turn
it
off.
A.I’ll
go???????B.I’ve
gone
C.I
go????????D.I’m
going
47.This
is
Ted’s
photo.We
miss
him
a
lot.He
________
trying
to
save
a
child
in
earthquake.
A.killed????
????B.is
killed
C.was
killed?????
??D.was
killing
48.The
notice
________
“No
smoking.”
A.is
wrote??????
?B.reads
C.writes?????
???D.is
read
49.Good
care
must
________
babies
particularly
while
they
are
ill.
A.take????????
B.take
of
C.be
taken???????D.be
taken
of
50.Shortly
after
we
________，a
waiter
came
over
to
our
table
with
a
smile.
A.seated　?????
???B.were
seated　?
C.sat
ourselves　???????D.had
seated
51.—You
look
pale，what
troubled
you?
—I
________
my
dead
friend.
A.am
thinking
about?????B.was
thinking
about
C.had
thought
about?????D.will
think
about
52.John
and
I
________
friends
for
eight
years.We
first
got
to
know
each
other
at
a
Christmas
party.But
we
________
each
other
a
couple
of
times
before
that.
A.had
been;
have
seen?????B.have
been;
have
seen
C.have
been;
had
seen?????D.had
been;
had
seen
53.Do
make
sure
that
you
________
a
seat
today!
A.got???????
?B.get
C.should????????D.have
get
54.We
________
at
the
house
as
we
________
of
buying
it.
A.looked;
were
thinking
B.were
looking;
were
thinking
C.were
looking;
thought
D.looked;
had
thought
55.—I’m
told
that
you
are
leaving
for
Beijing.
—Who
________
so?
A.said????????B.had
said
C.says????????D.has
said
56.I
________
the
room
to
be
empty
but
found
it
occupied.
A.had
thought???????B.have
thought
C.didn’t
think??????D.was
thinking
57.Selecting
a
mobile
phone
for
personal
use
is
no
easy
task
because
technology
________
so
rapidly.
A.will
have
changed?????B.has
changed
C.is
changing?????
??D.will
change
58.I
________
ping-pong
quite
well，but
I
haven’t
had
time
to
play
since
the
new
year.
A.will
play???
????B.have
played
C.played????
????D.play
59.Visitors
________
not
to
touch
the
exhibits.
A.will
request???????B.are
requested
C.are
requesting??????D.request
60.They
________
a
snowstorm
on
their
way
home.
A.caught
in
?????
??B.had
caught
C.were
caught
???
???D.were
caught
in
答案
1～5
DADBD
????6~10
BBCAD
11～15
ACDCB????16~20
AAACA
21～25
DCBAB????26~30
ACCAC
31～35
BADCC
????36~40
CBBAD
41～45
DDBBA????46~50
ACBDB
51～55
BCBBC5????6~60
ACDBD
【解析】
1.用过去时表达没能早说之意。
2.用完成时表达到目前为止本应发生的动作。
3.主句将来时，状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。
4.本句用完成时当无疑问，值得注意的是后面的结构是系表结构表状态，不是被动语态。
5.受by
the
end
of
last
year的影响，本句是典型的过去完成时。
6.体会一下时间的先后就可明白，前一句是一般过去时，后一句是过去完成时。
7.空格所指的是说话前正在考虑的动作。
9.本句是强调句型，sb.
is
to
blame是“得怪谁”的意思。
10.填空处是现在进行时的省略。
14.现在进行时的被动语态。
16.强调看见时the
UFO正在发生的动作。
22.答语为现在进行时的被动语态，指“试卷正在被批改”。
23.有征兆表明某事即将发生一般用be
going
to?表达。
24.taste为连系动词，因而没有被动语态。
25.belong
to没有被动语态。
30.全句意为“暴风雨过后是一片宁静”。
33.only
to引导的是一个结果状语，所填空处是典型的过去完成时的被动语态。
40.一般现在时陈述事实。
43.受by
this
time
tomorrow这一时间状语的影响，本题所填是中学不太常见的将来完成时。
习题-语法填空
In
the
United
States,
there
were
222
people?1.__________（report）to
be
billionaires（亿万富翁）in
2003.
The?2.__________of
these
is
Bill
Gates,
worth
at
least
$
41
billion,
who
made
his
money3.__________starting
the
company
Microsoft.
Mr.
Gates
was
only
21
years
old?4.__________he
first
helped
to
set
up
the
company
in
1976.
He
was
a
billionaire?5.?__________the
time
he
was?6.__________,
there
are
still
some
other
people
who
have
made
lots
of
money
at
even?7.__________（young）ages.
Other
young
people
who
have
struck
it
rich
include
Jackie
Coogan
and
Shirley
Temple.?8.__________of
these
child
actors
made
over
a
million
dollars?9.__________（act）in
movies
before
they
were
14.
But?10.?__________
youngest
billionaire
is
Albert
von
Thurn
und
Taxis
of
Germany,
who,
in
2001,
inherited?（继承）a
billion
dollars
when
he
turned
18!
?
参考答案
（1）1.
reported?????2.?richest/wealthiest?????3.?by?????4.?when?????5.?by?
?????6.?However?????7.?younger?????8.?Both?????9.?acting?????10.?the高考英语语法核心考点专题复习（01）
名词知识点整理总结
名词是高考的必考点，是英语学习的基础。在高考考察中，经常和冠词一起考察。很多学生对于可数名词单数的正确表达不理解不熟练，以及定冠词the的使用、不可数名词都是学生最容易出错的地方。名词在句子中设错点一般是主语、宾语、表语，做题时要多多注意这些成分。
本专题从名词的分类、名词的数量修饰语、名词的格、名词的数、名词的句法作用、名词的构词法六个方面进行讲解，并配以习题练习。
学习目标：
1.通过观察例句，归纳总结出名词的种类和句法功能。
2.观察例句，总结可数名词的单复数变化规则及不可数名词数量的表达。
3.通过分析例句，识别名词所属格的形式并说出名词所属格的概念。
4.结合例句，总结归纳出常见名词后缀。
一、名词的分类
名词可分为专有名词和普通名词。
专有名词是个人、地方、机构、组织等专有的名称。如：John（约翰）,
Mr
Smith（史密斯先生）,
France（法国）,
London（伦敦）,
the
United
Nations（联合国）,
the
Communist
Party
of
China（中国共产党）。
普通名词是一类人或物或是一个抽象概念的名称。如：worker（工人）,
family（家庭）,
cotton（棉花）,
information（信息）。
普通名词可分为以下四类：
个体名词表示某一类人或物的个体。如：man（男人）,
lawyer（律师）,
window（窗子）,
dog（狗）。
集体名词表示由若干个体组成的集合体。如：police（警察）,
group（组）,
cattle（牛）,
committee（委员会）。
物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。如：air（空气）,
water（水）,
grain（粮食）,
iron（铁）。
抽象名词表示性质、行为、状态、感情或其他抽象概念。如：strength（力气，力量）,
love（爱）,
happiness（高兴，幸福）,
revolution（革命）。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词。物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目来计算，称为不可数名词。
?
注：a.?不可数名词要表示数量时，不能直接在其前面加不定冠词或数词，需加量词（有一些词在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却是不可数的）。如：a
piece
of
news/advice/information/bread/furniture（一则消息……）?
a
cake
of
soap（一块肥皂）?
a
bar
of
chocolate（一块巧克力）
?
b.?可数名词与不可数名词的相互转化：
I.?不可数名词向可数名词转化（或称为物质名词和抽象名词的具体化）。如：
glass（玻璃）–
a
glass（玻璃杯）??????fire（火）?–
a
fire（火灾）???????
iron?（铁）–
an
iron（熨斗）?????????
paper（纸）--
a
paper（试卷）?
youth（青春）–
a
youth（青年人）????
relation（关系）–
a
relation（亲戚）
power（电力）?–
a
power（大国）????
beauty（美丽）–
a
beauty（美人）??
chicken（鸡肉）?–
a
chicken（小鸡）??
rain（雨）?–?
a
heavy
rain（一场大雨）?
It’s?a
pleasure?to
work
with
her.
跟她一起工作是件快乐的事。
A
trained
dog
is?a
great
help?to
the
blind.
一只训练有素的狗对盲人是个很大的帮助。
It’s?a
pity?that
you
failed
in
the
exam.
你没有考及格是件遗憾的事。
It’s?an
honour?for
me
to
be
invited
to
the
party.
我很荣幸被邀请参加这个晚会。
?
II.?可数名词向不可数名词转化。试对比：
Here
is
a
bed.?
这是一张床。
Now
he
is
preparing
for?bed.
现在他准备睡觉了。
Our
school
is
one
of
the
best
ones
in
our
city.
我们学校是我市最好的学校之一。
There’s
no?school?tomorrow.
明天不上课。
These
flowers
are
very
beautiful.
这些花很漂亮。
The
trees
are
in?flower.
这些树正在开花。
?
二、名词的数
（高考核心考点）
可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成如下：
1).?一般情况加-s。?如：girl（女孩）?–girls?
book?（书）–books
?
2).?以s,
x,
ch,
sh结尾的名词加-es。?如：class（班）?–
classes?
box?（盒子）–
boxes?
bench?（长凳）–
benches?
brush（刷子）–
brushes?
注：只有一个名词例外：stomach（胃，腹部）?–
stomach
3).?以“辅音字母+y”结尾的名词变y为“i”再加-es。??如：?city（城市）?–
cities?
country?（国家）–
countries
注：?a.?以“元音字母+y”结尾的名词应直接加加-s。?如：key（钥匙）?–
keys?
boy?（男孩）–
boys?
toy（玩具）?–
toys
??b.?表示姓氏和国家等的专用名词应直接加-
s。?如：Henry（亨利）?–
Henrys?
Germany（德国）–
Germanys
?
4).?以o结尾的名词一般加-es。?如：hero（英雄）?–
heroes?
tomato（西红柿）–
tomatoes?
potato?（马铃薯）–
potatoes
注：?如o前是元音字母、外来词以及缩写词以o结尾的只加-s??如：?zoo（动物园）?–zoos?
radio（收音机）–radios?
piano（钢琴）–pianos?
photo(photograph)?（照片）–photos
?
5).?以f或fe结尾的名词，多数变f或fe为v再加-es。??如：leaf?（树叶）–
leaves?
knife（小刀）–
knives???
wife（妻子）?–
wives?
life（生命）–
lives?
half（半）?–
halves?
self?（自己）–
selves?
wolf（狼）?–
wolves?
shelf?（架子，搁板）–
shelves
注：?但也有一些以f或fe结尾的名词直接加-s。?如：roof?（屋顶）–
roofs?
belief?（信仰）–
beliefs?
gulf（海湾）?–
gulfs?
chief?（首领）–
chiefs?
serf（农奴）–
serfs
个别词两种方式都可以：handkerchief（手帕，手巾）?–
handkerchiefs或handkerchieves
?
6).?某些名词具有特殊的复数形式。??如：man?（男人）–
men?
woman（女人）–
women??
foot（脚）–
feet?
tooth（牙齿）?–
teeth?????
mouse（老鼠）–
mice???
goose（鸭子）?–
geese??
ox（公牛）–
oxen?
child?（孩子）–
children?
phenomenon?（现象）–
phenomena?（外来词）
?
7).?某些名词单复数形式相同。??如：?works（著作，作品，工厂，工事，工程）?
means（方法，手段）?
sheep（绵羊）?
deer（鹿）?fish（鱼）?
Japanese（日本人）?
Chinese（中国人）?Swiss（瑞士人）??bellows（风箱，减压舱）
?
8).?某些名词通常只用复数形式：
(1).??由两个相同部分组成的表示整体名称的词。??如：glasses（眼镜）?
trousers?（裤子）?shoes（鞋子）?clothes（衣服）??shorts（短裤）?
socks（短袜）?stockings（长袜）?
slippers（拖鞋）?scissors（剪刀）?spectacles眼镜）?
compasses（圆规）?
scales（天平）?chopsticks?（筷子）
?
(2).??以-ing结尾的名词。??如：?belongings（所有物）?
surroundings（环境）?
doings（行为）?savings（储蓄）?
findings（调查结果）?earnings（收入）?
sweepings（扫拢的垃圾）
?
(3).??其他只用复数形式的名词。??如：ashes（灰，灰烬）?
fireworks（烟火）?remains（残余）?
thanks（感谢）?
congratulations（祝贺）
?
注：有些以-s结尾的表示疾病、游戏名称的名词以及以-ics?结尾的表示学科名称的名词通常用作单数。如：?measles（麻疹）??
mumps（腮腺炎）?
physics（物理）?politics（政治）?
mathematics（数学）?gymnastics（体操）?
statistics（统计学）
?
9).?某些名词单复数表示不同的意义。如：?manner（方式）?–
manners（礼貌）??good（利益，好处）?–
goods（商品，货物）???
wood（木材）–
woods（树林）???
work（工作）?–
works（著作，作品，工厂，工事，工程）?
pain（苦脑）–
pains（刻苦）??
youth（青春）?–
youths（青年）??
spirit（精神）–
spirits（情绪）?
brain（大脑）?–
brains（智力）?time
–
times（时代；次数）?
chicken（鸡肉）?–
chickens（小鸡）????
paper?（纸）–
papers（报纸，论文，试卷，文件）???
glass?（玻璃）–
glasses（眼镜）??
air?（空气）–airs（摆架子）??
arm（手臂）–arms（武器）?condition（条件）?–conditions（环境）?
????custom（风俗）–
customs（海关）??letter
–
letters（文学）???
look
–
looks（外貌）?
colour?（颜色）–
colours（军旗????
regard（考虑，关心）–
regards（敬意）?sense（意义）?–
senses（感觉）?green（草地）?–
greens（蔬菜）
?
10).?复合名词的复数形式：
(1).?将主体名词变为复数。??如：?boy-friend(s)（男朋友）??
editor(s)-in-chief（主编）??
looker(s)-on（旁观者）?
father(s)-in
-law（岳父，公公）?
mother(s)-in-law?（岳母，婆婆）?
daughter(s)-in-law（儿媳）?son(s)-in-law（女婿）?grand-father(s)（爷爷，外公）??
grand-mother(s)（奶奶，外婆）?
grand-child(ren)（孙子）??????
grand-son(s)?（孙儿，外孙）?
grand-daughter(s)（孙女，外孙女）???
passer(s)-by（过路人）?
runner(s)-up（亚军）
?
(2).?如果没有主体名词，就在最后一个词上加复数词尾。??如：?go-betweens（中间人，媒人）?forget-me-nots（勿忘草）????
grown-ups（成年人）?
film-goer(s)（爱看电影的人）?
hairdo(s)（发型）
?
(3).?
man?和woman作定语表性别，构成合成名词，两个名词同时变为复数。?如：?man
teacher（男老师）?–
men
teachers???
woman
doctor（女医生）–
women
doctors
??注：其他名词作定语时只变中心词??如：?girl
friends?（女朋友）?
coffee
cups（咖啡杯）?
?
(4).
?man和?woman在复合名词的词尾，按不规则变化变复数，??如：Englishman（英国男人）?–Englishmen?
Frenchman（法国男人）?–
Frenchmen?
policewoman（女警察）–
policewomen
注：有些词本身就是以“man”结尾，而不是合成词中的“man”。如：German(德国人)
–
Germans??
Human
(人)–
Humans???
Roman（罗马人）?–
Romans
?
11).?某些表示总称意义的名词，单数形式表示复数内容。??如：people（人民，人们）?
police（警察）??
(the)
public（公众）??cattle（牛）?,
youth（青年人）,
militia（民兵）?crew（全体船员，全体乘务员）
?
12).?某些集合名词，如：family（家，一家人）?
team（队，全队成员）?
group（组，全组成员）?
crowd（群，一群人）?
class（班，全班人）?
government（政府，政府官员）?
committee（委员会，委员会全体委员）enemy（敌人，敌兵）?,
company（公司，公司全体职员）,
club（俱乐部，俱乐部全体成员）?等作为一个整体看待时是单数，如果作为个体?(成员)?看待，则表示复数意义。
?
13).?英语中表示钱数、长度、重量、面积的名词，如：dollar（美元）?
pound（英镑）?
franc（法郎）?inch（英寸）?
foot（英尺）?
metre（米）?yard（码）?
mile（英里）?
kilometer（公里）?kilogram（公斤）等有单复数形式；但汉语音译的名词，?如：yuan（元）?
jiao（角）?fen（分）?
li（里）?
mu（亩）等，没有复数形式。
?
14).?有的原本不是名词的词或字母，若要用复数，?多在其后加’s或只加-s。?如：
He
said
a
few
yes’s
and
went
away.
他说了几声“是”，然后就走了。
There
are
two
if’s(ifs)
in
the
sentence.
这个句子中有两个“如果”。
三、名词的所有格：
名词的格（表所属关系，作定语，限定修饰名词）
有生命的名词所有格：“名词加’s”（作前置定语）。
Mary’s
dictionary
玛丽的字典
kids’
toys
孩子们的玩具
Children’s
Day
儿童节
Teachers’
Day
教师节
无生命的名词所有格：
“of+名词”（作后置定语）。
the
theme
of
the
passage
文章的主旨；
the
title
of
the
song
歌名
双重所有格：“of
+
名词所有格”或“of
+
名词性物主代词”（作后置定语）。
a
brother
of
my
father’s
我父亲的一个兄弟；
a
friend
of
mine
我的一个朋友
注：
1.
两人或多人共同拥有某件东西，只需在最后一个人的名字后加’s。若表示各自拥有时，则需要在每个名字后加’s。如：
Mrs.
Green
is
Lily
and
Lucy’s
mother.
格林夫人是莉莉和露西的母亲。
I
have
invited
Andy’s
mother
and
Jane’s
mother
to
my
home.
我已邀请安迪的母亲和简的母亲到我家里作客。
2.
用于表示时间、距离、国家、地点、自然现象等无生命事物的名词，可以加’s构成所有格，且有些已成为固定用法。如：
a
week’s
time
一周的时间；
ten
minutes’
journey
十分钟的路程
China’s
entry
to
the
World
Trade
Organization
中国加入WTO
由some、any、no、every与one、body结合的复合不定代词something、anythiny等和else连用时，所有格应加在else
的后面。
四、名词的句法作用
作主语：
China
is
a
developing
country.
中国是一个发展中国家。
作表语：
Pride
and
Prejudice
is
a
world-famous
novel.
《傲慢与偏见》是一部世界著名的小说。
作宾语（动宾或介宾）：
My
grandpa
grows
vegetables
in
the
backyard.
我爷爷在后院种蔬菜。（作动词grow的宾语）
He
is
from
Russia.
他来自俄国。（Russia在句中作介词from的宾语）
作定语，修饰名词，说明另一个名词的性质或特性：
paper
cup
纸杯子；
orange
juice
橙汁；
soap
opera
肥皂剧；
silver
necklace
银项链；
summer
vocation
暑假；
Chinese
lesson
语文课；
作同位语：
Li
Hua,
Chairman
of
the
Students
Union,
has
been
invited
to
attend
the
activity.
He
didn’t
tell
the
truth
to
Jane,
his
wife.
6.
作补足语（主补或宾补）：
We
call
him
Tom.
我们都叫他汤姆。
（Tom在句中作宾补）
He
is
called
Tom
by
us.
他被我们叫做汤姆。（Tom在句中作主补）
They
made
Mary
chairman
of
the
Students
Union.
他们选玛丽为学生会主席。
（作宾补）
Mary
is
made
chairman
of
the
Students
Union
by
them.
玛丽被他们选为学生会主席。（作主补）
五、名词的构词法
主要分为合成法，转化法，缩略法和派生法四种。
合成法：adj.
+
n.
如：Bluetooth蓝牙,
blackboard黑板,
superhero超级英雄,
supermarket超市
n.
+
n.
如：basketball
篮球，
self-service
自助，
play-list
播放单，
footprint
脚印，
hairstyle
发型
bookstore
书店
brainstorm
头脑风暴，
snowman
雪人，
fisherman
渔夫
v.-ing
+n.
如：parking
lot
停车场
prep.
+n.
如：overcoat
大衣
n.
+
v.-ing
如：human
being
人类
n.
+
prep.
如：passer-by
路人
转化法：
v.→n.
如：surprise
(vt.)
使惊讶→surprise
(n.)
惊讶
缩略法：examination
→exam考试，
advertisement
→ad广告
laboratory
→lab实验室
gymnasium
→gym体育馆
identity
→ID
身份
number
→No.
数字
the
People’s
Republic
of
China
→PRC
中华人民共和国
the
Communist
Party
of
China
→CPC中国共产党
the
People’s
Liberation
Army
→PLA
中国人民解放军
the
United
States
of
America
→the
USA
美国
派生法：
常见名词后缀：
1.
以-ence,
-ance结尾的名词，动词(v.)
→
名词(n.)：
不同
differ→difference；
存在
exist→existence；
参考/查阅
refer→reference
接受
accept→acceptance；
帮助
assist→assistance；
履行;表演
perform→performance
进入
enter→entrance
入口
2.
以-tion,
-sion
结尾的名词，动词(v.)
→名词(n.)：
生产
produce→production；
介绍
introduce→introduction；
减少
reduce→reduction
消费
consume→consumption；
描写
describe→description；
假设
assume→assumption
接待
receive→reception；
改编/适应
adapt→adaption；
采纳/收养adopt→adoption
期待
expect→expectation；
发明invent→invention；
创造
create→creation
教育
educate→education；
贡献
contribute→contribution；
捐赠
donate→donation
解放
liberate→liberation；
欣赏/感激appreciate→appreciation；
想象
imagine→imagination
邀请
invite→invitation：
申请apply→application
目的/意图
intend→intention；
决定decide→decision；
总结conclude→conclusion
爆炸explode→explosion；
印象
impress→impression；
表达/表情express→expression；
3.
以-ment结尾的名词，动词(v.)
→名词(n.)：
同意
agree→agreement；
吃惊
astonish→astonishment；
惊奇
amaze→amazement
失望
disappoint→disappointment；
发展
develop→development；
改进
improve→improvement
安排
arrange→arrangement；
要求
require→requirement；
退休
retire→retirement
对待/治疗
treat→treatment；
投资
invest→investment；
装备
equip→equipment
4.
以-ness结尾的名词，形容词（adj.）→名词（n.）；
幸福
happy→
happiness；
悲伤
sad→sadness；
冷静
calm→calmness；
弱点
weak→weakness；
公平
fair→fairness；
疾病
ill→illness；
无私
selfless→selflessness；
无助
helpless→helplessness；
粗心
careless→carelessness；
有用
useful→
usefulness；
意识：aware→awareness
/
conscious→consciousness
5.
以-age结尾的名词，动词(v.)
或
形容词（adj.)
→名词（n.)：
婚姻
marry→marriage；
短缺
short→shortage；
储存
store→storage
包裹
pack→package；
通道
pass→passage；
车厢
carry→carriage
6.
以-th结尾的名词，动词(v.)
或
形容词（adj.)
→名词（n.)：
温暖
warm→warmth；
真理
true→truth；
死亡
dead→death
成长
grow→growth；
宽度
wide→width；
力量
strong→strength
以-ure结尾的名词，动词(v.)
→名词（n.)
压力
press→pressure；
离开
depart→departure；
失败
fail→failure；
暴露
expose→exposure；
快乐
please→pleasure；
混合
mix→mixture；
签名
sign→signature
以-ce，-se结尾的名词，
8.1
形容词（adj.)
→名词（n.)
出席
present→presence；
缺席
absent→absence；
耐心
patient→patience
信心
confident→confidence；
不同
different→difference；
重要
important→importance
优秀
excellent→excellence；
独立
independent→independence；
沉默
silent→silence
远的→距离：distant→distance；明显的→证据：evident→evidence
暴力violent→violence；
智力
intelligent→intelligence
8.2
动词(v.)
→名词（n.）
建议
advise→advice；
设施
devise→device；
回复
respond→response；
选择
choose→choice
以-al结尾的名词，动词（v.）→名词（n.）；
到达arrive→arrival；
幸存
survive→survival
以-y，-cy结尾的名词，形容词（adj.）→名词（n.）；
困难difficult→difficulty；
频率frequent→frequency；
流利
fluent→fluency;
以-dom结尾的名词，
自由
free→freedom；
智慧
wise→wisdom；
王国
king→kingdom
以-hood结尾的名词：
孩童时代
child→childhood；
邻近；附近
neighbor→neighborhood
以-ship结尾的名词：
友谊
friend→friendship；
关系
relation→relationship；
奖学金
scholar→scholarship
以-ing结尾的名词：
感觉
feel→feeling；
十字路口
cross→crossing；
工资
earn→earnings；
意思
mean→meaning
训练
train→training；
储蓄
save→savings
射击
shoot→shooting；
保龄球
bowl→bowling；
财产
belong→belongings
绘画
paint→painting；
衣物
cloth→clothing；
问候
greet→greetings
变暖
warm→warming；
园艺
garden→gardening；
环境
surround→surroundings
以-or，-er,
-ian,
-ist，-ese等结尾表示“......的人”的名词：
游客；客人visit→visitor；
导演
direct→director；
发明家
invent→inventor
领袖；领导人
lead→leader；
作家write→writer；
工人
work→worker
经理
manage→manager；
村民
village→villager；
农民
farm→farmer
音乐家
music→musician；
魔术师
magic→magician；
物理学家physics→physician
艺术家；美术家
art→artist；
科学家
science→scientist；
生物学家biology→biologist
心理学家psychology→psychologist；
游客
tour→tourist；
恐怖分子terror→terrorist
中国人
China→Chinese；
日本人
Japan→Japanese
以-ism结尾表示“.....主义”的名词：
恐怖主义terror→terrorism；
享乐主义
material→materialism；
资本主义
capital→capitalism；
社会主义
social→socialism
练习题:
1.He
was
eager
to
make
some
extra
money,
since
during
these
years
he
could
hardly
live
on
his_______.
A.
little
wage
B.
few
wage
C.
wage
D.
wages
2.Most
of
the
houses
in
the
village
were
burnt
to
______
during
the
war.
A.
an
ash
B.
the
ash
C.
ash
D.
ashes
3.The
students
at
colleges
or
universities
are
making
______
for
the
coming
New
Year.
A.
many
preparations
B.
much
preparation
C.
preparations
D.
preparation
4.Paiting
in
_____
is
one
of
their
spare-time
activities.
A.
oil
B.
an
oil
C.
oils
D.
the
oil
5.In
the
view
of
the
foreign
experts,
there
wasn’t
____
oil
here.
A.
much
B.
lots
of
C.
a
great
deal
of
D.
many
6.The
large
houses
are
being
painted,
but
______.
A.
of
great
expense
B.
at
a
great
expense
C.
in
a
lot
of
expenses
D.
by
high
expense
7.The
room
was
small
and
contained
far
too
______.
A.much
new
furniture
C.
much
new
furnitures
B.many
new
furniture
D.
many
new
furnitures
8.Jim
was
late
for
two
classes
this
morning.
He
said
that
he
forgot
both
of
the
______.
A.
rooms
number
B.
room
number
C.
room’s
numbers
D.
room
numbers
9.Computers
can
do
______
work
in
a
short
time,
but
a
man
can
not
do
______
by
himself.
A.
great
many…many
C.
much…a
great
deal
B.great
deal
of…much
D.
many…a
great
many
10.She
didn’t
know
_____
he
had
been
given.
A.
how
many
information
C.
how
many
informations
B.
the
number
of
information
D.
how
much
information
11.He
invited
all
of
his
______
to
join
his
wedding
party.
A.
comrade-in-arms
C.
comrades-in-arm
B.
comrades-in-arms
D.
comrade-in-arm
12.All
the
______
in
the
hospital
got
a
rise
last
month.
A.
women
doctors
C.
woman
doctors
B.
women
doctor
D.
woman
doctor
13.After
ten
years,
all
these
youngsters
became_____.
A.
growns-ups
C.
growns-up
B.
grown-up
D.
grown-ups
14.The
police
investigated
those
_____
about
the
accident.
A.
stander-by
C.
standers-by
B.
stander-bys
D.
standers-bys
15.The
Nazi
kept
those
______
in
their
concentration
camp.
A.prisoner-of-wars
C.
prisoners-of-war
B.prisoners-of-wars
D.
prisoner-of-war
16.The
manager
was
greatly
appreciate
that
_____
made
by
Linda
lately.
A.
new
reel
B.
news
reel
C.
new-reels
D.
news
reels
17.Mary’s
dress
is
similar
in
appearance
to
her
______.
A.
elder
sister
B.
elder
sister’s
C.
elder
sisters
D.
elder
sisters
dress
18.All
the
people
at
the
conference
are
______.
A.
mathematic
teachers
C.
mathematics
teacher
b.mathematics
teachers
D.
mathematic’s
teachers
19.Professor
Mackay
told
us
that
______
of
lead
are
its
softness
and
its
resistance.
A.
some
property
C.
properties
B.
some
properties
D.
property
20.Physics
_____
with
matter
and
motion.
A.
deal
B.
deals
C.
dealing
D.
are
答案
1-5DDCCA
6-10CADCD
11-15CADBB
16-20BBCCB
1.
(?)?1?She?was?very?happy.?She_____in?the?maths?test.?
A.?makes?a?few?mistake
?B.?made?a?few?mistakes??
C.?made?few?mistakes
?D.?makes?few?mistake?
(?)?2?We?need?some?more____.?Can?you?go?and?get?some,?please??
A.?potato
?B.?potatos?
C.?potatoes?
D.?potatoe?
(?)?3?_____are____for?cutting?things.?
A.?Knife/used?
B.?Knives/used?
C.?Knife/using?
D.?Knives/using?
(?)?4?What?big____?the?tiger?has!?
A.?tooth?
B.?teeth?
C.?tooths?
D.?toothes?
(?)?5?Please?remember?to?give?the?horse?some?tree___.?
A.?leafs?
B.?leaves
?C.?leaf?
D.?leave?
(?)?6?-Can?we?have?some?___??
-Yes,?please.?
A.?banana?
B.?oranges
?C.apple?
D.?pear?
(?)?7?On?the?table?there?are?five____.?
A.?tomatos?
B.?piece?of?tomatoes?
C.?tomatoes?
D.?tomato?
2.?
(?)?1?They?got?much?___?from?those?new?books.?
A.?ideas?
B.?photos?
C.?information?
D.?stories?
(?)?2?He?gave?us____?on?how?to?keep?fit.?
A.?some?advices?
B.?some?advice?
C.?an?advice?
D.?a?advice
(?)?3?When?we?saw?his?face,?we?knew___?was?bad.?
A.?some?news
?B.?a?news
?C.?the?news
?D.news?
(?)?4?What___?lovely?weather?it?is!?
A.?/
?B.?the?
C.?an?
D.?a?
3.?
(?)?1?-Would?you?like___tea??
-No,?thanks.?I?have?drunk?two____.?
A.?any,?bottles?of?orange?
B.?some,?bottles?of?orange?
C.?many,?bottles?of?oranges?
D.?few,?bottle?of?oranges?
(?)?2?He?is?hungry.?Give?him?___?to?eat.?
A.?two?breads?
B.?two?piece?of?bread
C.?two?pieces?of?bread?
D.?two?pieces?of?breads?
(?)?3?It?really?took?him:___?to?draw?the?nice?horse.?
A.?sometimes?B.?hour?C.?long?time?D.?some?time?
(?)?4?I?would?like?to?have___?
A.?two?glasses?of?milk
?B.?two?glass?of?milk?I?
C.?two?glasses?of?milks?
D.?two?glass?of?milks?
(?)?5?Can?you?give?me?____??
A.?a?tea
B.?some?cup?of?tea?
C.?a?cup?tea?
D.?a?cup?of?tea?
(?)?6?Please?give?me?___?paper.?
A.?one?
B.?a?piece?
C.?a
?D.?a?piece?of?
(?)?7?John?bought___for?himself?yesterday
?two?pairs?of?shoes?
?two?pair?of?shoe?
?two?pair?of?shoes?
D.?two?pairs?shoes?
4.?
(?)?1?-How?many?____?have?you?got?on?your?farm??
-I've?got?five.?
A.?sheeps
?B.?sheep?
C.?pig?
D.?chicken?
(?)?2?Some?___?came?to?our?school?for?a?visit?that?day.?
A.?Germans
?B.?Germen?
C.?Germany
?D.?Germanies?
(?)?3?In?the?picture?there?are?many____?and?two.?
A.?sheep;?foxes?
C.?sheeps;?foxes?
B.?sheeps;?fox?
D.?sheep;foxs?
(?)?4?A?group?of______?will?visit?the?museum?tomorrow.?
A.?Hungarian
?B.?Australian?
C.?Japanese
D.?American?
5.?
(?)?1?This?table?is?made?of___.?
A.?many?glass?
B.?glasses?
C.?some?glasses
?D.?glass?
(?)?2?-What?would?you?like?to?have?for?lunch,?sir??
-I'd?like____.?!?
A.?chicken?
B.?a?chicken?
C.?chickens?
D.?the?chicken?
(?)?3?Children?should?make____?for?old?people?in?a?bus.?
A.?room?
B.?a?room
?C.?rooms
?D.?the?room?
6.?
(?)?1?Tables?are?made?of___.?
A.?wood?
B.?some?woods?
C.?wooden?
D.?woods?
(?)?2?I?wonder?why?______?are?so?interested?in?action?(武打片)?films.?
A.?people?
B.?peoples
?C.?the?people
?D.?the?peoples?
(?)?3I?have?read____?of?the?young?writer.?
A.?works?
B.?work?
C.?this?works?
D.?the?works?
7.?
(?)?1?Let's?meet?at?7:?30?outside?the?gate?of___??
A.?the?People's?Park?
B.?the?Peoples'?Park?
C.?the?People?Park?
D.?People's?Park?
)?2?___?Chinese?people?are?___?hard?working?people.?
A.?/;?a?
B.?We;?the?
C.?The;?the?
D.?The;?a?
(?)?3?How?many?were?there?in?the?street?when?the?accident?happened??
A.?policeman
?B.?polices?
C.?police
?D.?peoples
参考答案：
?
1.?1-7?C?C?B?B?B?B?C??
?
2.?1-4?C?B?C?A?
?
3.?1-7?B?C?D?A?D?D?A?
?
4.?1-4?B?A?A?C?
?
5.?1-3?D?A?A?
?
6.?1-3?A?A?D?
7.1-3
A
D
C高考英语语法核心考点专项复习
冠词知识点整理总结
冠词是英语十大词类中的虚词，常和名词一起连用，名词冠词不分家，冠词不能单独使用，必须依附于名词才有存在的意义。而名词的可数与不可数，单数与复数等特点反过来也会影响冠词的使用。
冠词是英语考察的重点，也是高考的必考点，更是学生头疼的难题。虽然冠词是分类少，但是由于汉语中和英语冠词不一样，没有这个习惯，学生是经常忽略，无法掌握冠词的正确用法。
本专题主要从冠词的分类、意思、用法、搭配以及特殊用法、考点和题型来进行讲解。
冠词的分类
定冠词
the
经常翻译成“这”，“那”；
不定冠词
a/an
“一”，“一个”，an+元音音素发音的词
冠词的用法
考点一：不定冠词的基本用法
1．泛指一个。如：There
is
a
book
on
the
table.
2．指人或事物的某一种类。如：His
father
is
a
driver.
Longjing
is
a
wonderful
tea.
3．指某一个人或事物，但不具体说明。如：My
sister
was
saved
by
a
PLA
man
in
the
fire.
4．用于某一些表示重量、长度、时间等单位前，表示“每一”。如：We
have
meals
three
times
a
day.
5．表示同样的。如：They
are
of
an
age.(他们是同岁。)
6．表数量，相当于one，但语意较弱。如：There
is
a
pen
and
two
books
on
the
desk.
7．使抽象名词具体化。如：The
little
girl
is
a
help
to
her
mother.
(a
hand译为“帮手”)
8．固定搭配。如：as
a
matter
of
fact
,
in
a
hurry,
in
a
word
考点二：定冠词的基本用法
1．表示上文提到过的人或事物。如：I
have
bought
a
book.
The
book
is
very
useful.
2．用于说话人与听话人心中都有数的人或事物。如：Close
the
window,
please.
3．用于表示世界上独一无二的事物前。如：the
sun,
the
moon,
the
earth,
the
world等。
4．用于表示方位的名词之前。如：the
east,
the
right。
5．用于序数词或形容词的最高级之前。如：the
first,
the
tallest。
6．用于形容词之前，使其名词化。如：the
sick,
the
wounded。
7．用于由普通名词构成的专有名词之前。如：the
United
States,
the
United
Nation。
8．用于江河、海洋、海峡、山脉、群岛、建筑物等的名词之前。如：the
Changjiang
River,
the
East
Lake。
9．用于复数姓氏之前，表示“夫妇”或“全家”。如：The
Smiths。
10．用于乐器的名词前。如：play
the
piano;
play
the
violin。
11．发明物。如：The
compass
was
invented
in
China.
12．年代名词前。如：He
lived
in
the
countryside
in
the
1970s.
13．固定词组中。如：in
the
morning(afternoon,
evening),
on
the
other
hand
,
at
the
same
time
考点三：零冠词的基本用法
1．表示总称的复数名词之前。如：Children
love
cartoons.(儿童喜欢卡通影片。)
2．不含普通名词的专有名词前。如：We
are
studying
English.
3．名词前有指示代词、物主代词、不定代词或名词所有格修饰时。如：I
like
this
picture;
I
do
not
have
any
money;
As
time
went
on,
Einstein’s
theory
proved
to
be
correct.
4．官职、季节、月份、星期等名词前，一般不用冠词。如：She
likes
spring
most.
5．呼语前不用冠词。如：What
shall
I
do
next,
Mother?
6．三餐饭前不用冠词。如：What
did
you
have
for
lunch?
7．节假日前不用冠词。如：People
give
gifts
to
each
other
on
Christmas
Day.
8．球类和棋类运动的名称前不用冠词。如：She
is
fond
of
playing
basketball.
9．在一些成对出现的短语中不用冠词。如：arm
in
arm(手挽手);
hand
in
hand(手牵手);
side
by
side(肩并肩);
day
and
day(日日夜夜);
young
and
old(老老少少);
from
door
to
door(挨门挨户);
from
beginning
to
end(从头到尾);
from
morning
till
night(从早到晚)等。
10.与by连用表示交通方式的名词前；以and连接的两个相对的名词连用时；
三、
冠词的习惯用法
很多情况下，是否要加冠词，常常是一个习惯用法问题，特别是在一些固定的词组中，有时是说不出道理的。如：
in
town
in
the
city
在城里
have
a
cold
catch
(a)
cold
感冒了
at
a
distance
在一定距离外
in
the
distance
在远处　
in
danger
of…有……的危险
in
the
habit
of…有……的习惯
(1)
There
are
over
58000
rocky
objects
in
__　　　
space，about
900
of
which
could
fall
down
onto
__
earth.
A．the；the
B．/；the
C．the；/
D．a；the
【解析】
B　考查冠词。第一空in
space
是固定短语，不用冠词；第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词，其前必须用定冠词。句意为：太空中有超过58000个岩状物体，其中大约900个有可能掉到地球上。
专题一
(2)
Many
people
are
still
in
__
habit
of
writing
silly
things
in
__
public
places.
A．the；the
B．/；/
C．the；/
D．/；the
【解析】
C　第一空是固定搭配中冠词的使用：in
the
habit
of；第二空考查冠词的基本用法，“在公共场所”是泛指，故不使用冠词。
四、抽象名词和物质名词具体化
1．
不可数名词的具体化，包括抽象名词的具体化和物质名词的具体化。所谓抽象名词的具体化，是指冠词用在抽象名词之前，表示“一种”、“一类”或“一个具体情况”等概念，使本来抽象的名词具体化，具有了“一”的含义。
The
house
is
full
of
joy.
The
little
girl
is
a
joy
to
her
parents.
(令人高兴的人或物)
Failure
is
the
mother
of
success.
He
is
a
success
as
an
actor.
(一个成功的人或物)
He
gave
me
a
lot
of
pleasure.
It
is
a
pleasure
to
work
with
you.
(一件令人愉快的事情)
She
looked
up
in
surprise.
What
a
great
surprise
you
gave
me.
(一件令人惊讶的事情)
Knowledge
is
power.
He
has
a
wide
knowledge
of
animals.
(一门……的知识)
He
received
little
education.
He
received
a
good
education.
(一种……的教育)
某些物质名词也可以和不定冠词连用，而变成具体化的名词。
I
like
coffee.
Would
you
like
a
coffee？
(一杯咖啡)
I
have
just
had
lunch.
I
have
just
had
a
big
lunch.
(一顿丰盛的午餐)
2.
有些抽象化的个体名词前一般不用冠词。
by
bus/
by
train/
by
plane
at
school/
college/
university/
table/
work/
sea
in
class/
town/
church/
prison/
hospital/
bed
go
to
hospital
去医院看病
go
to
the
hospital
去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)
如：
Gorge
couldn't
remember
when
he
first
met
Mr.
Anderson,
but
he
was
sure
it
was
_________
Sunday
because
everybody
was
at
____________
church.
A．/；the
B．the；/
C．a；/
D．/；a
【解析】
C　第一空是指某一个星期天，Sunday
在这里已变成一个普通的名词，所以要加a；第二空at
church是指“在教堂做礼拜”，属于具体名词抽象化。
五、冠词的某些需注意的用法
1．
不定冠词a/an
(1)
表示“同一”，相当于the
same。如：
Birds
of
a
feather
flock
together;
people
of
a
kind
fall
into
the
same
group.
物以类聚，人以群分。
(2)
表示“每”，相当于per。如：
three
times
a
day一天三次
(3)
表示“某一个”，相当于a
certain或some。如：
Sorry,
wrong
number.
There
isn't
a
Mr.
Smith
here.
对不起，打错了。这里没有史密斯先生。
(4)
用在被修饰语限定的独一无二的东西前。如：
We
all
hope
to
have
a
peaceful
and
friendly
world.
我们都希望拥有一个和平友好的世界。
(5)
a＋most
表示“非常，很”。如：
This
is
a
most
interesting
story.
这是一个非常有趣的故事。
(6)
a＋序数词，表示“又一，再一”。如：
He
had
decided
to
give
it
up,
but
on
second
thoughts
he
decided
to
try
a
third
time.
他已经决定放弃，但是转念一想，决定再试一次。
2．
定冠词the
(1)
用于发明物的单数名词前(phone，car…)。如：
Alexander
Graham
Bell
invented
the
telephone
in
1876.
贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
(2)
用于姓氏复数词前指一家人或夫妇二人等。如：
The
Wangs
will
come
to
Beijing
tomorrow.
王先生一家明天来北京。
(3)
用于表达弹奏西洋乐器时的乐器名称前。如：
She
plays
the
violin
but
gives
up
lessons
on
the
piano.
她拉小提琴而放弃了钢琴课程。
(4)
用于方位名词前。如：
on
the
right/left；in
the
east/south
(5)
用于比较级词前，比较级句式中常附有表示范围的“of
the
two…”结构。如：
Of
the
two
boys,
he
is
the
cleverer.
两个男孩中，他是比较聪明的那一个。
要注意冠词的使用误区，即：
第一次说到不一定是泛指，第二次提到不一定就是特指。
1．
—Have
you
seen
__
pen?
I
left
it
here
this
morning.
—Is
it
__
black
one?
I
think
I
saw
it
somewhere.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．the；a
D．a；a
【解析】
D　从语境看，两人之间有信息差，第二个人并不知道第一个人说的是哪只钢笔，即虽然好像是第二次提到，却并不是特指，故第二空仍用a表泛指。
2．
Have
you
heard
__
news？The
price
of
__
petrol
is
going
up
again!
A．the;
the
B．/;
the
C．the；/
D．/;
/
【解析】
C　句意为：你有没有听到这个消息：石油的价格又要上涨了。news
虽是第一次提到，但从语境看，说话者接着说明了消息的具体内容。因此此处的消息是特指，而非泛指某一消息。
课堂练习
1．
A
person
who
has
__
final
say
in
an
international
company
is
usually
__
influential
one.
A．a;
the
B．the;
an
C．the;
the
D．a;
an
【解析】
B　say(发言权)后有介词短语修饰，表特指，所以要用定冠词，第二空表泛指，且influential以元音音素开头，故用an。
2．
[2009·辽宁卷]
This
area
experienced
__
heaviest
rainfall
in
__
month
of
May.
A．/;
a
B．a;
the
C．the;
the
D．the;
a
【解析】
C　考查定冠词的基本用法。第一空指最大的降水量，形容词的最高级前用the；第二空指五月这个月，表特指用the，选C。
3．
Washing
machines
made
by
China
have
won
__
worldwide
attention
and
Haier
has
become
__
popular
name.
A．a;
the
B．/;
a
C．/;
the
D．the;
a
【解析】
B　attention为不可数名词，并且表示泛指，所以不用冠词；第二空是指“海尔”变成了一个很受欢迎的名字，表示泛指，用a。
4．Students
should
be
encouraged
to
use
_______
Internet
as
___________
resource.
A．/；a
B．/；the
C．the;
the
D．the;
a
【解析】
D　考查冠词的用法。句意为：学生们应该被鼓励把网络作为一种资源来利用。Internet“因特网”，是独一无二的事物，习惯上与定冠词the连用；resource作“(教学)资源，办法”解是可数名词，其前加a表示泛指。
5．
—I
am
so
sorry
to
have
come
late
for
the
meeting.
—It
is
not
your
fault.
With
_________
rush?
hour
traffic
and_________
heavy
rain,
it
is
no
wonder
you
were
late.
A．a;
a
B．the;
the
C．/;
/
D．/;
a
【解析】
B　考查定冠词的用法。根据语境可知，rush?hour
traffic和heavy
rain
是双方都知道的造成迟到的原因，应用定冠词修饰。
6．
It's
______
good
feeling
for
people
to
admire
the
Shanghai
World
Expo
that
gives
them
________
pleasure.
A．/;
a
B．a;
/
C．the;
a
D．a;
the
【解析】
B　句意为：去上海欣赏世博会带给人们快乐，这是一种非常好的感觉。feeling“感觉”，可数名词，“一种感觉”含有“一”的概念，用不定冠词a。pleasure“快乐，欢乐”，不可数名词，故用零冠词。
7．
“This
victory
alone
is
not
___________
change
we
seek—it
is
only
___________
chance
for
us
to
make
that
change.”
said
Obama
in
his
speech.
A．a;
a
B．a;
the
C．the;
the
D．the;
a
【解析】
C　依据句意可知，名词change被限制性定语从句we
seek修饰限定，故用定冠词the表特指；chance被only修饰限定，表特指“唯一的一个”，用定冠词the；选C。
8．In
order
to
find
_____
better
job,
he
decided
to
study
_____
second
foreign
language.
A．the;
a
B．a;
a
C．the;
the
D．a;
the
【解析】
B　考查冠词的用法。句意为：为了找到一份更好的工作，他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用“a＋序数词＋名词”表示“又一，再一”。
9．
First
impressions
are
the
most
lasting.
After
all，you
never
get
______
second
chance
to
make
______
first
impression.
A．a；the
B．the；the
C．a；a
D．the；a
【解析】
C　本题考查冠词。第一空表示“再一次，又一次”，序数词在此不表示顺序，其前用不定冠词a/an；第二空表示“一次第一印象”，表示泛指，用不定冠词a。
10．
What
_______
pity
that
you
couldn't
be
there
to
receive
_________
prize!
A．a;
a
B．the;
a
C．a;
the
D．the;
the
【解析】
C　考查冠词的用法。第一空所填冠词构成固定句型what
a
pity
that…，用不定冠词a；第二空后的名词表特指，用定冠词the，选C。
The
visitors
here
are
greatly
impressed
by
the
fact
that
________
people
from
all
walks
of
life
are
working
hard
for
________
new
Jiangsu.
A．/;
a
B．/;
the
C．the;
a
D．the;
the
【解析】
A　people
from
all
walks
of
life
是固定短语，表示“各行各业的人们”，表泛指，故用零冠词。Jiangsu被new修饰，且表示“一”的概念，故用不定冠词a。
12．As
____
beautiful
movie
about
pain，struggle，hope
and
love，Slumdog
Millionaire
swept
the
ceremony
with
eight
awards，including
_____
prize
for
the
best
picture.
A．a;
the
B．a;
a
C．the;
a
D．the;
the
【解析】
A　考查冠词的用法。第一空处意为“Slumdog
Millionaire
(《贫民窟里的百万富翁》)是一部关于痛苦、挣扎、希望和爱的电影”，所以用不定冠词表泛指。prize后有for
the
best
picture，所以第二空要用定冠词the，意思是“最佳影片奖”。
13．_______
walk
is
expected
to
last
all
day,
so
bring
________
packed
lunch.
A．A;
a
B．The;
/
C．The;
a
D．A；/
【解析】
C　本题考查冠词的基本用法。the
walk
是指说话者双方都知道的一次行走，所以是特指。后面是提醒要带一份盒饭，所以用不定冠词a。
14．My
neighbor
asked
me
to
go
for
_______
walk,
but
I
don't
think
I've
got
_______
energy.
A．a;
/
B．the;
the
C．/;
the
D．a;
the
【解析】
D　句意为：我的邻居请我出去散步，但我认为我没有那份精力。第一空为固定词组，go
for
a
walk去散步，第二空特指散步的那份精力，选D。
15．Of
all
the
subjects，I
like
_______
history
best
because
it
gives
us
_______
useful
knowledge
of
things
in
the
past.
A．the；a
B．/；a
C．a；the
D．a；/
【解析】
B　表示课程的名词前不加冠词，故第一空不填冠词；第二空表示“……有用的知识”，knowledge为抽象名词具体化，其前需要加冠词，useful的发音为[′ju?sful]，故用a.
题点经典类型题
1.(典型例题诊断)One
day
Li
Ping
was
niding
in
the
street
when
the
old
man
came
across
the
street
without
noticing
her.
【答案】
the→an.
名词第一次出现,用不定冠词,表示泛指。
2.(典型例题)
Bungee
jumping
is
considered
a
good
example
of
such
a
activity
答案：a→an.activity以元音音素开头。
3.(典型例题拟)
Last
week,
about
1000
parents
came
to
school
to
have
classes.
答案：school前加the．普通名词前加定冠词表特指。
4.(典型例题检测)Tom
told
the
doctor
he
had
got
headache
and
bad
cough0
答案：headache前加a.
have
a
head
ache固定用法。
Ⅲ
新高考命题探究
1.
What
a
good
news
we've
heard!
答案：去掉a.
news为不可数名词，其前不用a
2.
why
is
she
in
such
such
great
hurry?
答案：such后加a.in
a
hurry为固定搭配，意为“匆忙地”。
3.The
policeman
caught
me
by
my
arm.
答案：my改为the．固定句式：hit／beat／strike／take／catch．．．sb.+in／on／by+the+身体的某个部位。
4.The
man
is
the
only
animal
that
can
speak.
答案：The
man改为Man．man用单数，前在不加冠词指人类。
5.
This
dictionary
is
a
same
as
the
one
I
lost.
答案：a改为the．the
same
as．．．为固搭配。
6.
He
found
a
job
paid
by
an
hour.
答案：an改为the．by
the
hour，按小时。
7.The
sun
gives
us
light
during
day.
答案：day前加the．在白天，during
the
day．
8.It
is
a
great
fun
to
collect
coins.
答案：去掉a，fun用作不可数名词，其前不加a.一些抽象名词如surprise，pleasure，success等可以指具体的人或事，前面可以加a，而fun不能。
9.
They
had
a
party
after
a
meal
that
day.
答案：第二个a改为the．表示特指那一顿饭用the．
10.
Finally
she
chose
a
bigger
one
of
the
two.
答案：a改为the．两者中较……的那个，用the+比较级+of．．．
11.
Move
this
chair
away.
They
are
in
this
way.
答案：in
this
way改为in
the
way，意为“挡道”。
12.
Did
you
have
wonderful
time
at
the
party?
答案：have后加a.
have
a．．．time，度过一段……时光。
13.He
is
a
honest
young
man.
He
never
tells
lies.
答案：a改为an.honest读音以元音开头。
14.Alexander
Graham
Bell
invented
telephone
in
1876.
答案：telephone前加the．发明物前加定冠词。
15.
Professor
Wang
was
elected
the
president
of
the
college.
答案：去掉第一个the．表示头衔的名词作表语、同位语或补足语时，前面往往不带冠词。
16.
what
surprised
us
most
was
that
the
blind
girl
played
piano
so
well.
答案：piano前加the．乐器前加定冠词。
17.
China
has
changed
so
greatly
since
eighties
of
the
twentieth
century.
答案：since后加the．某世纪的几十年代前加定冠词。
18.
Many
people
dream
of
walking
in
the
space
like
astronaLlts
one
day．
答案：去掉the．space表示太空时，其前不带冠词。
19.Let's
do
the
experlment
the
third
time．Maybe
we'll
succeed
this
time．
答案：the改为乙再一次，又一次a
third
time．
20.In
spring
of
1992，he
paida
visit
to
the
south
of
china．
答案：spring前加the．一年四季前往往不带冠词，如果特指某一年的某个季节，需加定冠词。高考英语语法核心考点专项复习
代词知识点整理总结
代词是十大词类中的主要考点也是高考的必考点，分类繁多，考察也是形式多样，主要考察题型是短文改错和语法填空。
本专题主要是从代词的分类、不同代词的语义功能和语法功能、不同代词的意义区别和考点来考察。特别是要重点讲解代词it的用法和考点。
代词的分类
分类
单数
复数
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
第一
人称
第二
人称
第三
人称
人称代词
主格
I
you
he
she
it
we
you
they
宾格
me
you
him
her
it
us
You
them
物主代词
形容
词性
my
your
his
her
its
our
your
their
名词性
mine
yours
his
hers
its
ours
yours
theirs
反身代词
myself
yourself
himself
herself
itself
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
指示代词
this
that
such
these
those
such
相互代词
宾格
each
other
one
another
所有格
each
other’s
one
another’s
不定代词
可数
one
each,
many,
(a)
few
,both,
another,
either.,
neither
不可数
much,
(a)
little
可数不可数
any
other
all
some
复合
不定代词
anyone
anybody
anything
somebody
something
someone
everyone
everything
everybody
nobody
nothing
疑问代词
who
whom
whose
which
what
连接代词
who
whom
whose
which
what（参见名词性从句）
关系代词
who
whom
whose
which
that（参见定语从句）
二、代词的用法
考点一
it,
that,
one(s),
those的用法
1．it代替的是前面提到的同一事物，即同名同物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词，
也可以是不可数名词。如：
I’d
like
to
look
at
that
atlas.
May
I
borrow
it?我想看看那张地图，我能借用一下吗(it代替可数名词atlas)？
2．one叫作泛指代词
代替的是前面提到的同名异物中的任何一个，
所代替名词是可数名词单数，
其前可带冠词与修饰语。如果代替复数名词，则用ones。如：
①The
population
problem
may
be
the
greatest
one
in
the
world
today.
人口问题可能是当今世界上最大的一个问题。
(one代替可数名词problem)
②—Which
jackets
are
yours?
“哪些是你的夹克？”
—The
white
ones.
(ones代替可数名词jackets)
“这些白色的。”
3．that叫作特指代词
代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，所代替的名词可以是可数名词单数，也可以是不可数名词，后面常有限制性定语。如：
①The
doctor
in
our
school
is
younger
than
that
in
their
school.
我们学校的校医比你学校的要年轻。(that代替可数名词doctor，相当于the
one)
②The
weather
of
this
week
is
worse
than
that
of
last
week.
这周的天气比上周的天气要坏。(that代替不可数名词weather)
4．those是that的复数形式
代替前面提到的同名异物中特指的事物，只能指代复数名词，相当于the
ones。如：
The
computers
in
your
office
are
more
expensive
than
those
/
the
ones
in
our
school.
你办公室的电脑比我们学校的电脑要贵。(those代替复数名词computers)
no
one,
nobody,
nothing和none的用法区别
考点二
no
one,nobody,nothing
和none
的用法
1．no
one＝nobody
意为“没有人”，只能指人，不能指物，不可与介词
of
连用，谓语动词用单数形式，回答
who
引导的问句。如：
—Who
is
in
the
classroom?
“是谁在教室？”
—No
one.
“没有人。”
2．nothing
意为“没有东西”，一般回答what。如：
—What’s
in
the
cave?
“洞里面有什么？”
—Nothing.
“什么都没有。”
3.
none
既可指人，也可指物，强调数量，意为“一点也不，一个也不”；谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数；常与
of
连用，通常指“三者以上的人或物中没有一个”，上下文已明确的情况下，也可省略of短语。常用来回答
how
much
和
how
many
引导的疑问句。如：
They
were
all
tired,
but
none
(of
them)
would
stop
to
have
a
rest.
他们都累了，但没有一个愿意停下来休息。
考点三
other,
another,
others,
any
other,
the
other
的区别
1．other
表示泛指，意为“另外的、其他的”
常与复数名词。如果前面有
the,
some,
any,
each,
every,
no,
one
以及形容词性物主代词时，其后就可接单数名词。如：
I
have
no
other
place
to
go.
我再也没有别的地方可去。
2.
another
常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”，泛指单数。可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接复数名词，则表示“又、再、还”。如：
①This
cap
is
too
small
for
me.
Show
me
another
(one).
这顶帽子对我来说太小了。再给我拿一顶。
②We
need
another
three
assistants
in
our
shop.
我们店里还需要三位助手。
3．others：相当于复数名词，是“other＋复数名词”
的一种变式，意为“别的人或物”，但不指全部。特指时在其前加定冠词；前面可加任何限定词以及数量词。如：
He
has
more
concern
for
others
than
for
himself.
比起自己来说，他更关心他人。
4.
any
other表示一个之外的其他任何一个，而不是两个之中的另一个。如：
China
is
far
larger
than
any
other
country
in
Asia.
中国比亚洲的任何一个国家都要大得多。
5．the
other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用，也可接单数名词。如：
No
agreement
was
reached
in
the
discussion
as
neither
side
would
give
way
to
the
other.
因为双方都不向另一方让步，所以讨论没有达成任何协议。
考点四
all
,both,
either,
neither,
one的区别
1．all
与
both均表示“都”，但
all
表示三者以上的人或物，
both
则表示两个人或物。二者都表示肯定意义，如果与
not
连用时，则表示部分否定。
2．neither
与
either
都可用于表示两个人或物。
neither
表否定意义，意为“(两者中的每一个)都不”；而
either
表肯定意义，意为“(两者中的每一个)都”。都可单独使用，也可同介词
of
连用。如：
①Both
teams
were
in
hard
training;
neither
is
willing
to
lose
the
game.
这两支球队都在刻苦训练。哪一方都不愿意输掉这次比赛。
②—Do
you
want
tea
or
coffee?
你想喝茶还是喝咖非？
—Either.
I
really
don’t
mind.
啥也行，我其实不介意。
3．none表示三者以上的人或物都不，经常与of短语连用。有时none也可表示不可数名词。如：
None
of
them
has
seen
me
before.
以前他们没有一个人见过我。
None
of
the
money
belongs
to
me.
这些钱都不属于我。
考点五
it
用法
1．
it
用作形式主语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，通常在句首使用形式主语it，而把真正的主语放在句子末尾。it用作形式主语的三类特殊句式：
(1)
用作动词look,
seem,
appear,
happen,
occur,
follow等的主语(后接that从句或as
if从句)。如：
It
(so)
happened
that
I
had
no
money
with
me.
碰巧我没带钱。
(2)
当系表结构后接有if
或when引导的状语从句时，通常在系表结构前使用形式主语表示说话人对某情况的看法。如：
It
was
a
great
surprise
to
me
when
he
did
a
thing
like
that.
他那样做使我很吃惊。
(3)
用于if
it
were
not
for…/
if
it
hadn't
been
for…(若不是因为)结构中。如：
If
it
hadn't
been
for
the
freezing
wind
they
could
have
reached
the
injured
man
in
time.
要不是有刺骨的寒风，他们就能及时赶到伤员身边了。
2．
it
用作形式宾语的用法
当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，常在宾语补足语前使用形式宾语，而将真正的宾语移至句末。
it用作形式宾语的两类特殊句式：
(1)
动词＋it＋if
/
when从句。
当enjoy,
like,
dislike,
love,
hate,
prefer,
appreciate等动词后需要接一个if或when引导的从句时，此时需要先在动词后接it作形式宾语。如：
I
would
appreciate
it
very
much
if
you
would
help
me
with
it.
如果你能帮助我做这事，我会十分感激。
(2)
动词＋介词＋it＋that从句。
能用于此句型的主要动词短语有depend
on,
rely
on,
count
on,
answer
for,
see
to等。如：
I'll
see
to
it
that
all
these
letters
will
be
sent
to
the
post
office
before
twelve.
我将注意让所有的信件在12点以前送到邮局。
3．
it
在强调句中的用法。如：
It
was
lack
of
money,
not
of
efforts,
that
defeated
their
plan.
他们的计划受挫，原因是缺少钱而不是没有尽力。
Who
was
it
that
won
the
World
Cup
in
1982?
谁赢得了1982年的世界杯？
4．
it
在习语中的用法。
包括it的习语很多，如：
make
it
成功，到达
take
it
easy
别着急，放心好了
believe
it
or
not信不信由你
forget
it没关系；别在意；算了吧
That's
it.
(口语)完了；没有了(表示某个情况已经结束)；做得对。
when
it
comes
to
sth.说到，涉及
5．
与it
有关的几个时间状语从句。
It＋is/has
been＋一段时间＋since?从句
It's
ages
since
we
last
met.
自从我们上次见面到现在有很多年了。
It＋was/will
be＋一段时间＋before?从句(从句用一般过去时或一般现在时)
It
was
not
long
before
he
left
Nanjing.
It＋was＋时间点＋when?从句(从句谓语用一般过去时)
It
was
eight
o'clock
when
we
arrived.
我们到达时是八点。
1．
The
information
on
the
Internet
gets
around
much
more
rapidly
than
________
in
the
newspaper.
A．it
B．those
C．one
D．that
【误】
只注意information是不可数名词而选择A；误把information看作是复数概念而选择B；把information理解为是单数可数名词而误选C。
【正】
D　句意为：因特网信息比报纸信息传播更迅速。it指代前面提到的事物，代替可数名词单数；that代替“the
＋
可数名词单数或不可数名词”，表示特指；此处that等于“the
＋
information”，特指报纸上的信息。
2．
To
save
class
time,
our
teacher
has
_____
students
do
half
of
the
exercise
in
class
and
complete
the
other
half
for
our
homework.
A．us
B．we
C．our
D．ours
【误】
认为students是名词，应该用形容词修饰，而误选C；对词性把握不够而误选B、D。
【正】
A　根据our
teacher可知说话人是学生，us与students是同位语。has是动词，后需要跟宾语，选A。
3．
The
protection
of
our
environment
is
not
__________
to
be
left
to
the
environment.
Everyone
should
be
concerned.
A．nothing
B．anything
C．something
D．everything
【误】
受not的影响，容易误选anything，但anything与not连用多用来表示没有东西，与所给语境不符。
【正】
C　something在此处表示“某事、某物”，即环境保护的事情不能留给环境本身。
4．
【误】
I
like
if
you
help
me
do
the
work.
【正】
I
like
it
if
you
help
me
do
the
work.
【解析】
like,
hate,
appreciate后加it才能跟从句。
5．
你没有必要惊慌。
【误】
It
is
no
need
for
you
to
panic.
【正】
It
is
not
necessary
for
you
to
panic.
【正】
There
is
no
need
for
you
to
panic.
【解析】
要注意区分it作形式主语的句型和there
be
引出的句型。it作形式主语时可以很容易地找到它所代替的真正的主语，而there
be句型里是没有这个替代关系的。
课堂练习
1．
—Do
you
want
milk
or
coffee?
—_______.
I
really
don't
mind.
A．None
B．Neither
C．Either
D．All
【解析】
C　此题考查代词none,
neither,
either,
all
的用法。根据问句知道是两者之间进行选择，而且从答句中后一句的“我真的不介意”可知第二个人的意思是“两者中任何一个都可以”，所以用either。
2．
Jane
was
asked
a
lot
of
questions,
but
she
didn't
answer
______
of
them.
A．other
B．any
C．none
D．some
【解析】
B　考查代词辨析。所填词与not构成全部否定，四个选项中只有any与not构成not…any，等于none，表示全部否定，选B。
3．
Will
you
see
to
________
that
my
birds
are
well
looked
after
while
I
am
away?
A．them
B．yourself
C．it
D．me
【解析】
C　考查代词。所填词构成固定句型see
to
it
that，意为“注意，务必，一定要做到”。选C。
4．
When
you
introduce
me
to
Mr.
Johnson，could
you
please
say
_______
for
me?
A．Everything
B．anything
C．something
D．nothing
【解析】
C　考查代词。句意为：当你把我介绍给约翰逊先生时，能为我说说话吗？something
用在问句中是表示建议或请求，期望得到肯定回答。
5．
He
had
lost
his
temper
and
his
health
in
the
war
and
never
found
_______
of
them
again.
A．neither
B．either
C．each
D．all
【解析】
B　考查代词词义辨析。这里用never…either表示“两者都不”，相当于…and
found
neither
of
them
again。
6．
—How
do
you
find
your
new
classmates?
—Most
of
them
are
kind,
but
__________
is
so
good
to
me
as
Bruce.
A．none
B．no
one
C．every
one
D．some
one
【解析】
A　考查代词的用法。根据but一词确定应该从A、B中挑选。有一定范围的用none，相当于none
of
my
new
classmates。no
one不必有这种范围。
7．
Make
sure
you've
got
the
passports
and
tickets
and__________
before
you
leave.
A．something
B．anything
C．everything
D．nothing
【解析】
C　考查不定代词的用法。理解句意是关键。句意为：在你们离开前，确保你们已有了护照、票等一切东西。everything所有，一切东西；something某种东西；anything任何东西；nothing没有什么。
8．
Helping
others
is
a
habit,
_____
you
can
learn
even
at
an
early
age.
A．it
B．that
C．what
D．one
【解析】
D　句意为：帮助他人是一种习惯，一种你可以从小学习的习惯。one在此指a
habit。
9．
Isn't
it
amazing
how
the
human
body
heals
_____
after
an
injury?
A．himself
B．him
C．itself
D．it
【答案】
C
10．
You
are
a
team
star！Working
with
_____　
is
really
your
cup
of
tea.
A．both
B．either
C．others
D．the
other
【解析】
C　考查代词的用法。sb.'s
cup
of
tea
合乎某人的口味，使某人感兴趣的东西。others表示泛指“其他人”。
11．The
cost
of
renting
a
house
in
central
Xi'an
is
higher
than
_____
in
any
other
area
of
the
city.
A．that
B．this
C．It
D．one
【解析】
A　本题考查代词。that
被用来替代
the
cost
of
renting
a
house。在英语中，that被用来替代同一类事物。
12．On
my
desk
is
a
photo
that
my
father
took
of
_____
when
I
was
a
baby.
A．him
B．his
C．me
D．mine
【解析】
C　考查代词词义辨析。作介词宾语用人称代词的宾格。句意为：我的桌子上放着我小时候父亲给我拍的一张照片。
13．—We
should
save
some
food
for
_______
who
arrives
late.
—There's
no
need.
__________
is
here.
A．anyone;
Everyone
B．everyone;
Anyone
C．anyone;
Anyone
D．everyone;
Everyone
【解析】
A　考查代词辨析。句意为：“我们应该留着些吃的给来晚的人。”“没有必要。大家都到齐了。”第一个空anyone(任何人)是先行词，后面跟who引导的定语从句；第二个空的everyone指“大家；每个人”，选A。
14．I
agree
with
most
of
what
you
said,
but
I
don't
agree
with
_______________.
A．everything
B．anything
C．nothing
D．none
【解析】
A　not…everything
部分否定，不是所有的都。
15．How
can
I
help
_____
if
people
don't
read
the
instructions?
A．that
B．it
C．what
D．them
【解析】
B　考查代词。句意为：如果人们不看说明，我有什么办法呢？此处it用于谈论某种情况。
新高考命题探究
1.代词
(1)
My
father
asked
Tom
and
I
to
help.
答案：I改为me．作宾语用宾格。
(2)If
you
meet
Jack
or
Tom,tell
them
to
call
me.
答案：them改为him．him与前面Jack
or
Tom一致。
(3)h
was
me
who
cleaned
the
classroom
this
morning.
答案：me改为l被强调部分为主语I.
(4)
I
heard
that
Mr.
Wu
would
teach
our
English
this
term.
答案：our改为us．teachsbsth．
(5)I
found
that
difficult
to
speak
in
front
of
so
many
people.
答案：that改为it
,
it作形式宾语，that不能。
(6)If
anyone
happened
to
call
while
I
am
out
of
the
offlee,
please
have
them
leave
a
message
for
me.
答案：them改为him或her；与前面的anyone一致。
(7)
This
isn't
your
book.
Your
is
on
the
desk.
答案：Your改为Yours．名词性的物主代词作主语。
(8)
This
book
is
my
sister's,but
that
one
is
not
her.
答案：her改为hers．hers名词性物主代词，相当于herbook
(9)
I
have
a
black
bike
and
a
red.
答案：red后加one．one代替bike．
(10)
Nobody
of
the
girls
came
on
the
trip.
答案：Nobody改为None．nobody后不接Of短语；可以说"none
of．．”．
(11)
My
parents
were
all
at
home
yesterday
evening.
答案：a11改为both．both，两个都。
(12)
The
wounded
soldier
lived
for
other
five
days.
答案：other改为another．另外五天，再有五天：another
five
days或five
more／other
days．
(13)
There
is
so
little
left
that
I
can't
spare
you
one.
答案：one改为any．any指代不可数名词。
(14)
I
invited
Bill
and
Tom
to
my
birthday
party,
but
none
of
them
came.
答案：none改为neither．none指三者或三者以上都不；neither
两个都不。
(15)
Some
people
like
to
stay
watching
TV
at
home,
while
other
like
to
go
to
the
cinema.
答案：other改为others．others另外一些；some
people．．．，others．．．“一些人……，另一些人……”。
(16)
Please
help
you
to
some
fish.
答案：you改为yourself．help
oneself
to．．．自己拿／取／吃……。
(17)
Open
the
door,please.
This
is
me.
答案：This改为It．It's
me．是我。h指双方心目中所指的那个人。
(18)
Neighbours
ought
to
respect
each
another.
答案：another改为other．each
other相互；或each改为one，one
another＝each
other．
(19)
Every
a
few
weeks
he
pays
a
visit
to
his
aunt.
答案：去掉第一个a.
every
few
weeks每几周。
(20)
That
was
not
until
eleven
o'clock
that
I
finished
my
work
last
night.
答案：That改为II强调句式用“his／was．．．that．．．”．
2.定语从句
(1)The
book
I
need
it
is
not
in
the
library.
答案：去掉I(that／which)I
need是一个定语从句，need后it多余。
(2)
This
was
all
which
Oxford
had
to
offer.
答案：which改为that先行词是不定代词时，其后用that引导定语从句。
(3)
Is
this
the
restaurant
in
where
you
work?
答案：去掉介词in或将where改为which．where＝inwhich引导定语从句。
(4)
It
is
known
to
all,Taiwan
belongs
to
China.
答案：It改为As．As
is
known
to
a11是一个非限制性的定语从句，as指代Taiwan．．．整句的内容。
(5)
That
is
one
of
those
books
that
is
worth
reading.
答案：第二个is改为are．that指先行词those
books．
(6)
Paris
is
the
place
where
I'd
better
visit
first.
答案：
where改为which／that或将where去掉。which或that在定语从句中作visit的宾语。
(7)
Do
you
work
near
the
building
which
color
is
white?
答案：which改为whose．whose引导定语从句，指某人的或某物的。
(8)
Last
night
I
took
a
taxi,and
which
took
me
straight
home.
答案：去掉and．定语从句与主句之间不用and连接。
(9)
China
has
hundreds
of
islands,
the
largest
of
them
is
Taiwan.
答案：them改为which．后面是一个非限制性的定语从句；或在the前加and，后面是一个并列分句。
(10)
He
is
the
only
one
of
those
students
who
are
able
to
read
in
English.
答案：are改为is．who引导的定语从句修饰one，因为one前有theonly修饰。
①If
you
can’t
decide
which
of
the
two
books
to
borrow,
why
don’t
you
take
______?
I
won’t
read
them
this
week.
A.
all
??
B.
any
????
C.
either
?
D.
both
?【解析】答案为D。由前后语境来看，应是建议对方将两本书都拿去看。
②You
may
drop
in
or
just
give
me
a
call.
______
will
do.
?
A.
Either
B.
Each
?
C.
Neither??????
?????
D.
All
【解析】答案为A。由前句可知是指两者中的“任何一个”，用either。
③Of
all
the
books
on
the
desk,??______
is
of
any
use
for
our
study.?
A.
nothing????????
B.
no
one??????
???
C.
neither
D.
none
【解析】答案为D。由all可知，是指三者或三者以上，排除C选项。nothing(没一样东西)与这里谈到的“书”毫无联系，排除A；
no
one
=nobody(没有一个人)只能指人，也不符合题意；指多者中“一个也没有，没有一个”用none。句中of
any
use=useful，在句中作表语。句意：在桌上的所有这些书中，没有一本书对我们的学习是有用的。
④It
was
hard
for
him
to
learn
English
in
a
family,
in
which
____
of
the
parents
spoke
the
language.
A.
none
B.
neither
C.
both
D.
each
【解析】答案为B。neither
表示“两者都不”，句意：在父母都不懂
英语的家庭里学习英语，对于他来讲是很困难的。
⑤The
mayor
has
offered
a
reward
of
$
5000
to
______
who
can
capture
the
tiger
alive
or
dead.
A.
both
B.
others
C.
anyone
D.
another
【解析】答案为C。根据句意“谁能捕获那只老虎，无论死活，市长将给赏金5000美元”应选C项。其它三个选项均与题意不符。
考点2some,any的用法辨析
①There’s
_____
cooking
oil
left
in
the
house.
Would
you
go
to
the
corner
store
and
get
_____?
???A.
little;
some????????
B.
little;
any?????????
C.
a
little;
some?????
D.
a
little;
any
???【解析】答案为A。因为在Would
you…?
等表示请求、劝请或建议之类的问句中，一般用some；又由后文“买些油”可知，家里“没有油”了，所以用little。句意：家里没有油了，请你到附近的店子里买些回来好吗？
②―Would
you
like
_____,
sir?
―No,
thanks.
I
have
had
much.
some
more
oranges????????
?B.
any
more
oranges??????
C.
some
more
orange?????
D.
any
more
orange
【解析】答案为A。由答语中的much可知，对话中的orange是指“桔子汁”而非“桔子”，是不可数名词，没有复数形式，排除选项A和B；在劝请的疑问名中用some不用any，排除选项D。
考点3
替代it,
that,
(the)
one(s),
those的用法辨析
①I’m
moving
to
the
countryside
because
the
air
there
is
much
fresher
than
_____
in
the
city.
A.
ones???????????
B.
one
?
C.
that
?
D.
those
【解析】答案为C。选项中只有that能替代不可数名词the
air。one替代“a＋单数可数名词”，表示泛指。特指的the
one相当于that；the
one复数形式the
ones，在口语中也常用those代替；当后面有of短语时，一般用that或those，当有前置修饰语时，只能用one(s)，如the
red
one。one(s),
the
one(s),
those,
that都是替代“同类”事物，其中只有that可替代不可数名词。
②We’ve
been
looking
at
houses
but
haven’t
found
_____we
like
yet.
A.
one
??
B.
ones
???
C.
it
?????
D.
them
【解析】答案为A。one
=a
house,
指我们喜欢的那一类房子。
③Cars
do
cause
us
some
health
problems
—in
fact
far
more
serious
_____
than
mobile
phones
do.
A.
one????????????
B.
ones???????????
C.
it
D.
those
【解析】答案为B。
替代泛指的名词复数problems，用ones。those是替代特的“the
+复数名词”的。
④My
most
famous
relative
of
all,
__________
who
really
left
his
mark
on
America,
was
Rob
Sussel,
my
great-grandfather.
A.
one
???
B.
the
one????
???????
C.
he
?????
D.
someone
【解析】答案为B。由语境可判断是特指，且作My
most
famous
relative
of
all的同位语，用the
one。
⑤—There
is
still
a
copy
of
the
book
in
the
library.
Will
you
go
and
borrow
?
—No,
I’d
rather
buy
in
the
bookstore.
A.
it;
one
B.
one;
one
C.
one;
it
D.
it;
it
【解析】答案为A。it指代前面的a
copy
of
the
book,后面的意思是：我要到书店去买一本（不是特指哪一本）。
考点4
another,
(the)
other(s)的用法辨析、
①I
think
he’s
just
going
to
deal
with
this
problem
______
day.
A.
next??????????
B.
other??????????
C.
following???????
D.
another
【解析】答案为D。表示“改天”用another
day。但表示相对于过去或将来某天来说的“第二天”时，用the
next
day
或the
following
day都可以。
②No
progress
was
made
in
the
trade
talk
as
neither
side
would
accept
the
conditions
of
_____.
?
A.
others
B.
the
other???????????
C.
either
D.
another
【解析】答案为B。由neither可知，谈话双方都不同意对方的条件，这个“对方”是特指的另一方，所以用the
other。
③The
manager
believes
prices
will
not
rise
by
more
than
_____
four
percent.
A.
any
other
B.
the
other
C.
another
D.
other
【解析】答案为C。题干上的意思应该是“价格不会再增长超过4%”。any
other
“其他另外的”。The
other“两者中第二者”。another“另外，又”，放在数词前面。other表示“另外”，和more一样，要放在数字的后面。
考点5
every-,
some-,
any-,
no-与thing,
-one,
-body构成的复合不定代词
①—One
week’s
time
has
been
wasted.
—I
can’t
believe
we
did
all
that
work
for
_____.
A.
something????????
B.
nothing
C.
everything?????
???
D.
anything
【解析】答案为B。因为for
nothing是习语，意为“徒劳、没有好结果”、“免费”，句意是：我简直不敢相信我们所做的一切都是徒劳的。
②She
doesn’t
know
anyone
here.
She
has
got
______to
talk
to.
A.
anyone????????
B.
someone???????????
C.
everyone???????
D.
no
one
【解析】答案为D。因为“在这里，她谁都不认识”，所以“她没有人可以交谈”。no
one
=
nobody
=
not…any
one没有一个人。
③I
made
so
many
changes
in
my
composition
that
only
I
could
read
it.
To
_____
else,
it
was
hard
to
make
out.
A.
none????
B.
everyone?
?
C.
someone???
D.
anyone
【解析】答案为D。意为除了我以外，“其他任何人(anyone
else)”都很难懂。
④—I’d
like
some
more
cheese.
—Sorry,
there’s
______
left.
A.
some
B.
none
C.
a
little
D.
few
【解析】答案为B。none既可以修饰可数名词，表示“一个也不，
一个也没有”；也可以修饰不可数名词，表示“一点也不，一点也没有”。在本题中指代不可数名词cheese。本题的意思是：—我想再来点奶酪。—抱歉，一点都没有了。A项some表示“一些”，C项a
little表示“有一点”，修饰不可数名词D项few表示“几乎没有”，修饰可数名词。
考点6,
it的特殊用法：引导强调句型，作形式主语、宾语，用在固定习语中。
①If
I
can
help_______,
I
don't
like
working
late
into
the
night.
A.
so
B.
that
C.
it
D.
them
【解析】答案为C。if
I
can
help
it意为“如果我有办法”，表示有办法做某事，或有办法控制某个局面。所提供的情景I
don’t
like
working
late
into
the
night说明如果有办法，不喜欢工作到深夜。so意为“这样”，常用于省略句中，代替上文中的动作。that用于代替上文的内容。
②I’d
appreciate
____
if
you
would
like
to
teach
me
how
to
use
the
computer.
A.
that
B.
it
C.
this
D.
you
【解析】答案为B。it指代用来泛泛地指某事，可用于如I
like/hate
it,
I
appreciate
it等类似的句子。表示喜欢/憎恨和赞赏某事。
考点7
反身代词的用法
①—Who
called
me
this
morning
when
I
was
out?
—A
man
calling
______
Robert.
A.
him
B.
himself
?????
C.
his
??
D.不填
【解析】答案为B。
因为“call
sb./oneself+某名”就是“叫某人/自称某名字”；句意是“一个自称罗伯特的人”，用himself。
②Isn’t
it
amazing
how
the
human
body
heals
____
after
an
injury?
A.
himself
B.
him
C.
itself
D.
it
【解析】答案为C。itself
指代前面的the
human
body。
考点8
指示代词的用法
①—He
got
his
first
book
published.
It
turned
out
to
be
a
bestseller.
—When
was
_____?
—_____
was
in
2000
when
he
was
still
in
college.
A.
that;
This
B.
this;
It
C.
it;
This
D.
that;
It
【解析】答案为D。that可以指代过去的情况,下句是强调句型的省略形式=it
was
in
2000
when
he
was
still
in
college
he
got
his
first
book
published.
②—Could
you
tell
me
how
to
get
to
Victoria
Street?
—Victoria
Street?
______
is
where
the
Grand
Theatre
is.
A.
Such
B.
There
C.
That
D.
This
【解析】答案为C。that代替上下文提到的地方。
③The
English
spoken
in
the
United
States
is
only
slightly
different
from
____
spoken
in
England.
A.
which
B.
what
C.
that
D.
the
one
【解析】答案为C。that用来指代前面的名词The
English,以避免重复。题意是“美国英语现和英国英语只有很微小的差别了。”在英语中，that还常可以用来指代人口、天气、金钱等。如：
The
weather
here
is
hotter
than
that
in
the
north
of
the
country.
④Little
joy
can
equal
________
of
a
surprising
ending
when
you
read
stories.
A.
that
B.
those
C.
any
D.
some
【解析】答案为A。因为替代前面的不可数名词（little）joy，所以用that,而不是those。
此外指示代词“this和that”还可以用作副词修饰形容词，相当于“so”。
⑤Sometimes
it
was
a
bit
boring
to
work
there
because
there
wasn’t
always
______
much
to
do.
A.
such
?
B.
that
C.
more
D.
very
【解析】答案为B。much前用so,
不用such。口语中，常用that来代替so。高考英语语法核心考点专项复习
名词性从句知识点整理总结
从句是学生们很头疼的一个难题，也是高考的必考点。其中包括名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句，名词性从句考察比较多。名词性从句内容多、考点多。
本专题主要讲解主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句以及同位语从句，并配以习题练习。
?
概述：　名词性从句的功能相当于名词。根据其在句中充当的成分，可分为：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
目的：掌握从句的连接词和用法，能够识别出从句，学会分析从句的结构。
例句：
What
he
wants
to
tell
us
is
not
clear.
The
question
is
whether
we
can
get
in
touch
with
her.
It
was
my
father
who
did
the
experiment
in
the
lab
yesterday
evening.
She
always
thinks
of
how
she
can
work
well.
That
is
why
he
didn't
come
to
the
meeting.
I
have
no
idea
when
he
will
come
back
home.
一、主语从句
?
在复合句中做主语的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether?（是否），if?（是否）（通常只能用于it作形式主语的主语从句），连结代词：?who?（谁）（主格）,
whom?（谁）（宾格）,
whose（谁的）（所有格）,
what?（什么，所……的（东西或事情））,
which?（那个，那些），whoever?（无论谁）（主格）,
whomever?（无论谁）（宾格）,
whatever（无论什么）,
whichever?（无论那个，无论那些），连接副词：?when（何时）,
where?（何地）,
how?（怎样，如何）,
why?（为什么）等。如：
That
the
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games
will
be
held
in
Chengde
is
known
to
us
all.?
=It
is
known
to
us
all
that
the
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games
will
be
held
in
Chengde.
=What
is
known
to
us
all
is
that
the
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games
will
be
held
in
Chengde.
=As
is
known
to
us
all,
the
2022
Winter
Olympic
Games
will
be
held
in
Chengde.
众所周知，２０22年冬季奥运会将在承德举行。
That
you
don’t
like
him
is
none
of
my
business.??
你不喜欢他与我有什么关系呢。
What
he
said
at
the
meeting
astonished
everybody
present.
他在会上的发言是到会的人都感到惊讶。
What
are
to
be
decided
at
the
meeting
will
be
announced
tomorrow.
在会议上即将做出的决定明天就会公布。
What
is
known
to
us
all
is
that
China
is
a
developing
country.
=
that
China
is
a
developing
country
is
known
to
us
all.
＝It
is
known
to
us
all
that
China
is
a
developing
country.
=As
is
known
to
us
all,
China
is
a
developing
country.
众所周知，中国是一个发展中国家。
?
注：　由于主语从句一般都较长，所以常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句末。如：　
It
worried
her
a
bit
that
her
hair
was
turning
gray.?
=Her
hair
was
turning
gray,
which
worried
her
a
bit.
=Her
hair
was
turning
gray,
and
it
worried
her
a
bit.
=Her
hair
was
turning
gray.
It
worried
her
a
bit.
头发日渐灰白使他有些担忧。
It
is
a
fact
that
Chinese?is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language.
汉语正逐渐被人们承认为一门国际语言是一个事实。
It
happened
that
she
married
a
man
whose
father
had
killed
her
father.
碰巧她嫁给了一个他的父亲杀害她的父亲的男人。
?
二、宾语从句
?
在句中做宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句可以作谓语动词、介词、非谓语动词和一些形容词的宾语。引导宾语从句的连词：that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether?（是否），?if?（是否）（通常只能用于宾语从句，但不能与or
not连用）,?连结代词：?who?（谁）（主格）,
whom?（谁）（宾格）,
whose?（谁的）（所有格）,
what?（什么，所……的（东西或事情））,
which?（那个，那些），whoever?（无论谁）（主格）,
whomever?（无论谁）（宾格）,
whatever（无论什么）,
whichever?（无论那个，无论那些），连接副词：?when（何时）,
where?（何地）,
how?（怎样，如何）,
why?（为什么）等。如：
I
remember
when
this
used
to
be
a
quiet
village.
我还记得这村庄以前那宁静的时光
No
one
can
be
sure
what
man
will
look
like
in
a
million
years.
没有人确知人类在一百万年后会是什么样子。
I
really
don’t
know
how
he
solved
the
problem.
我真地不知道她是怎样解决这个问题的。
?
注：　a.?用that引导的宾语从句，that通常可以省略，如果有两个及以上的that引导的宾语从句，最后一个that?不能省略。如：　
He
denied
(that)
he
had
entered
the
room
and
that
he
had
stolen
the
money.
他否认了他曾进入房间偷钱。
b.?注意宾语从句中“否定前移”的现象。　如果主句中有表示“认为”之意的动词：　think,
suppose,
believe,
expect,
imagine等，则宾语从句中的否定应在主句中表达出来。如：　
I
don’t
suppose
she
is
likely
to
come.
我认为她不可能来。
I
don’t
think
he
can
pass
the
exam.
我认为他不可能通过考试。
?
c.?在疑问句中，表示“认为”之意的动词：　think,
suppose,
believe,
expect,imagine等后接带疑问词类的连接词的宾语从句时，该疑问词类的连接词应该置于句首。如：
Who
do
you
suppose
will
go
to
Beijing?????
你认为谁会去北京？
Where
do
you
think
we
will
have
the
meeting?
你认为我们在那儿开会？
--
We
haven’t
heard
from
her
for
a
long
time.
--
What
do
you
think
has
happened
to
her?
－我们很久没有收到她的来信了。
－你认为她出了什么事吗？　
d.?如果宾语从句从句后带有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，而把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后。如：
We
all
consider
it
a
pity
that
he
was
not
able
to
join
us
in
going
camping.
我们都认为他不能跟我们一起去野营是一件遗憾的事。
I
think
it
very
necessary
that
primary
school
pupils
should
learn
English.
我认为小学生学英语是非常必要的。
?
e.?注意介宾从句的使用。如：
The
dictionary
is
good
except
that
the
price
is
too
high.
这本词典不错，只是价格太高了。
Nobody
showed
any
interest
in
what
he
was
saying.
没有人对他所说的感兴趣。
?
f.?注意宾语从句的省略形式。在上下文已经表达了宾语从句的内容的情况下，宾语从句通常只保留连接词，而省略句子的其余内容。如：
Dr.
Black
comes
from
either
Oxford
or
Cambridge,
I
can’t
remember
which.
布莱克博士不是来自牛津就是来自剑桥，我记不起从哪里来的了。
??
三、表语从句
?????在复合句中做主句表语的从句叫表语从句.引导表语从句的连词：?that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether?（是否），连结代词：?who?（谁）（主格）,
whom?（谁）（宾格）,
whose?（谁的）（所有格）,
what?（什么，所……的（东西或事情））,
which?（那个，那些），whoever?（无论谁）（主格）,
whomever?（无论谁）（宾格）,
whatever?（无论什么）,
whichever?（无论那个，无论那些），连接副词：?when（何时）,
where?（何地）,
how?（怎样，如何）,
why?（为什么）,
as
if/though（好像）,
because（因为，由于）等。
The
problem
is
that
we
are
short
of
tools.
问题是我们缺少工具。
What
interests
me
most
is
what
I
have
bought
myself.
使我非常感兴趣的是我自己买的东西。
Go
and
get
your
coat.
It’s
where
you
left
it.??????
去把你的上衣拿回来，它还在你放的地方。
That
is
why
there
appears
a
rainbow
in
the
sky.
那就是为什么天空中会出现彩虹。
I
think
it
is
because
you’re
eating
too
much.
我认为那是因为你吃的太多了。
Is
it
because
we
are
closer
to
the
sun
in
summer
than
we
are
in
winter?
这是原因我们在夏天比冬天离太阳更近吗？　
The
reason
why
he
was
ill
is
that
he
was
caught
in
the
heavy
rain
last
night.
他生病的原因是他昨天晚上淋雨了。
It
looks
as
if
it
is
going
to
snow.
看起来要下雪了。
His
white
hair
was
so
hard
that
it
looked
as
if
it
had
been
electrified.
他的白头发如此硬的以致看起来象触了电似的。
The
boy
looked
about
as
if
he
were
searching
for
something.
=
The
boy
looked
about
as
if
in
search
of
something.
这个男孩好像在寻找什么东西。
He
raised
his
hand
as
if
he
would
take
off
his
hat.
=
He
raised
his
hand
as
if
to
take
off
his
hat.
他举起手好像要取下帽子。
?
四、同位语从句
?
??用作同位語的从句叫同位語从句，一般跟在一些名词如：?idea（观点，看法）,
news（消息）,
word（消息），?fact（事实）?,
promise（诺言）,
truth（事实）,
hope（愿望）,
information（消息，信息）,
knowledge（知识）,
problem（问题）,
thought（思想，想法）belief?（相信，看法）等后面，用以说明名词表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连词有：?that（无意义，所引导的主语从句是完整的），whether?（是否），连接副词：?when（何时）,
where?（何地）,
how?（怎样，如何）,
why?（为什么）等。如：　
You
would
have
no
idea
how
excited
I
was
at
that
moment.
你不会知道我当时是多么的激动。
There
is
a
popular
among
parents
that
schools
are
no
longer
interested
in
handwriting.
在家长中间有一个流行的看法，学校不再对书法感兴趣了。
?
注：?
that?引导的同位语从句和?that?引导的定语从句的区别：同位语从句中的that?不作任何句子成分只起引导作用，定语从句中的that?既起引导作用又在定语从句中作一个句子成分。如：
The
news?that
he
won
the
English
Competition
surprised
us
most.
他赢得英语竞赛这个消息使我们感到非常惊讶。
（该句中的that引导同位语从句，?that?不作任何句子成分只起引导作用。）
The
news?that
surprised
us
most?was
that
he
won
the
English
Competition.
使我们感到非常惊讶的这个消息是他赢得了英语竞赛。
（该句中的that引导定语从句，?that?既起引导作用又在定语从句中作句子的主语。）
?
注：?a.?注意如何使用不同的连接词。一般来说，如果名词性从句的句意是完整的，通常用?that引导；如果主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句缺句子成分主语、宾语或表语，指物时用what引导；指人时作主语用who，作宾语或表语用whom或who（不能用作介词的宾语）；　表示两个或多个中选择一个或一部分时用which；如果主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句缺句子成分定语时用whose；　如果名词性从句缺状语，时间状语用when，地点状语用where，方式状语用how，原因状语用why。如：
The
reason
why
he
was
absent
from
the
lecture
is
that
he
was
seriously
ill.
他没有来上课的原因是他病得很严重。
What
we
can’t
get
seems
better
than
what
we
have.
我们不能得到的好像总是要比我们拥有的更美好。
I
didn’t
quite
follow
you.
What
was
that
you
just
said
about
the
place?
（此句变为陈述句：?That
was
what
you
just
said
about
the
place.）
我不明白你的意思，那就是你谈到的这个地点的情况吗？　
What
I
want
to
say
is
that
you’d
better
have
a
rest.
我想说的就是你最好休息一下。
?
b.?注意?whether?与if?在名词性从句中的运用。Whether和?if表示“是否”之意时可以引导名词性从句，whether可以用于任何名词性从句，而if通常只能用于宾语从句，但不能与or
not连用；或用于it作形式主语的主语从句。如：　
I
don’t
know
whether
(if)
you
like
flowers,
sir.
先生，我不知道你是否喜欢花。
He
hesitated
whether
(if)
he
should
make
one
last
attempt
to
save
the
man.
他犹豫了一下，不知是否该作最后的努力去救那个男子。
It
all
depends
on
whether
we
can
get
their
co-operation.
这就要看我们能否得到他们的合作。
Whether
it
will
do
us
harm
or
good
remains
to
be
seen.
这件事到底是好是坏还有待证实。
His
first
question
was
whether
she
had
arrived
yet.
他问的第一个问题就是她是否到了。
I
was
wondering
whether
I
would
go
upstairs
or
follow
him
to
the
library.
我不知道我是上楼还是跟他去图书馆。
I
had
no
idea
whether
I
ought
to
offer
her
any
help.
我不知道我是否应该给她提供任何帮助。
?
c.?????注意名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序，尤其是注意在宾语从句中。如：　
I
know
when
the
city
used
to
be
a
small
village.
我知道这个城市曾经是一个小村庄。
Can
you
tell
me
how
China
has
joined
in
the
WTO
(the
World
Trade
Organization)?
你能告诉我中国为什么加入世界贸易组织吗？
?
d.?注意如何使用下列连接词：whoever?（无论谁）（主格）,
whomever?（无论谁）（宾格）,
whatever?（无论什么）,
whichever?（无论那个，无论那些）。这些连接代词引导名词性从句时，具有双重身份。也就是说，它既在主句中作一个句子成分，同时它又引导名词性从句，并在名词性从句中作一个句子成分。而其它的连接词只是引导名词性从句，连接代词或连接副词要在从句中作一个句子成分，但它本身不在主句中作一个句子成分，而是引导整个名词性从句在主句中作一个句子成分。试对比：　
Whoever
has
saved
the
drowning
girl
is
worth
praising.
谁救了那个落水女孩,谁就应该受到表扬。
Whoever
comes
will
be
welcomed.
无论是谁来了都会受到欢迎的。
Whoever
wants
the
book
may
have
it.
谁想要这本书就拿去吧。
Whoever
gets
the
job
will
have
a
lot
of
work
to
do.
无论是谁得到这份工作都有很多事要做。
He
knew
the
files
could
be
of
help
to
whoever
took
over
the
job.
他知道这些文件对任何一个接手这项工作的人都有用。
They
should
enjoy
complete
freedom
to
marry
whomever
they
might
desire.
她们应该享有完成自由，嫁给她们可能愿意嫁的人。
Talk
to
me
about
whatever
is
troubling
you.
请跟我谈一下正在给你带来麻烦的事。
You
must
do
whatever
is
best
for
you.
你必须做对你好处最大的事。
She
would
tell
him
whatever
news
she
got.
她会告诉他她所得到的任何消息。
The
prize
will
go
to
whichever
of
you
writes
the
best
essay.
此奖将奖给你们中论文写得最好的人。
I
will
take
whichever
books
you
don’t
want.
我要你不要的所有的书。
Take
whichever
seat
you
like.
你想坐那个座位就坐那个座位。
?
课堂练习：（1）
1.
___
is
a
fact
that
English
is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language.
A.
There
B.
This
C.
That
D.
It
答案D。当名词从句在句中作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语置于句首，而将真正的主语从句放在句尾。此时it只起先行引导作用，本身无实义。此句也可以改写为:That
English
is
being
accepted
as
an
international
language
is
a
fact.
2.A
computer
can
only
do
____
you
have
instructed
it
to
do.
A.how
B.after
C.what
D.when
答案C。从句子结构可知，句子的空白处应该填引导宾语从句的连词，做主句谓语动词do的宾语，同时该连接词还是从句中的do的宾语，因此，此处的连接词应该用what。
3.
He
asked
____
for
a
violin.
A.
did
I
pay
how
much
B.
I
paid
how
much
C.
how
much
did
I
pay
D.
how
much
I
paid
答案:D。宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，句子语序要用陈述语序。
4.
What
the
doctors
really
doubt
is
____
my
mother
will
recover
from
the
serious
disease
soon.
A.
When
B.
how
C.
whether
D.
why
答案C。这是一个表语从句。根据
doubt一词可知，所怀疑的应是是否能治好病，所以要填whether。这句话的意思是"医生真的怀疑我妈妈是否能很快从重病中恢复过来。"
5.It
is
generally
considered
unwise
to
give
a
child
_____he
or
she
wants.
A.
However
B.
whatever
C.
whichever
D.
whenever
答案B。根据句意"一般认为孩子要什么就给什么是不好的。"可以看出后面的从句应是一个宾语从句，而从句中wants缺少宾语，A.
however
和D.
whenever是不能作宾语的;排除A和D，whichever表示"无论哪一个，无论哪些"，应表示一定范围内的人或物，此处没有涉及事物的范围，所以应选
B.whatever，表示"无论什么"。
6.
______leaves
the
room
last
ought
to
turn
off
the
lights.
A.
Anyone
B.
The
person
C.
Whoever
D.
Who
答案C。本题句子的意思是:无论谁最后离开房间一定要把灯关掉。本题考查连接代词whoever引导的名词性从句，连接代词whoever可以引导名词性从句，并在从句中作主语，相当于any
person
who或The
person
who,
意为"一切……的人"。而anyone和the
person均非连词，不能引导从句，况who
leaves
the
room
last意为"某个最后离开房间的人"，与题意不符，如果要选A.
Anyone或B.
The
person，都必须在它们后面再加上引导定语从句的关系代词who。如果要选D.
Who就体现不出"无论谁"的含义了。
7.
Sarah
hopes
to
become
a
friend
of
______shares
her
interests.
A.
Anyone
B.
whomever
C.
whoever
D.
no
matter
who
答案为C。本题句子的意思是:Sarah希望跟自己有共同爱好的人交朋友。疑问词+ever引导的名词性从句与no
matter+疑问词引导的从句的区别是:前者既可以引导名词性从句也可以引导让步状语从句;后者只能引导让步状语从句。首先排除A和D，从句中需要的是主语，所以whomever也不行。
8.
----
I
drove
to
Zhuhai
for
the
air
show
last
week.
----
Is
that
______
you
had
a
few
days
off
?
A.
why
B.
what
C.
when
D.
where
答案A。根据语境，甲说上周驱车去珠海观看航模展览。乙据此来询问甲这是否是请几天假的原因，故答案是A。答案B,C,
D均与该题语境不符。根据上句提供的语境，下句应该问"那就是你为什么离开几天的原因吗?"
9.
I
still
remember
______
this
used
to
be
a
quiet
village.
A.
when
B.
how
C.
where
D.
what
答案A。根据从句中缺少的句子成分是状语，排除D.what，而答案C,
D均与题意不符，所以应选A.when。used
to
be表示一种过去存在的状态，本句的意思是"我仍然记得这里在什么时候是个宁静的地方。"
10.I
read
about
it
in
some
book
or
other，does
it
matter
____
it
was
?
A.where
B.what
C.how
D.which
答案D。这是一个主语从句。主语从句中缺少表语。从上句的意思分析，应是哪本书，所以要填which，这句话的意思是"我在某本书中读到过有关这方面的内容，是哪一本书重要吗?"。
11.
Information
has
been
put
forward
____
more
middle
school
graduates
will
be
admitted
into
universities.
A.
While
B.
that
C.
when
D.
as
答案B。该题考查that引导的同位语从句。同位语从句通常由that引导，接在fact,
news,
promise,
possibility,
information,
doubt,
message名词后，用来解释或说明名词的内容。
12.
-I
think
it
is
going
to
be
a
big
problem.
-Yes,
it
could
be.
-I
wonder
______
we
can
do
about
it.
A.
if
B.
how
C.
what
D.
that
答案C。本题考察名词性从句的连接词的用法。wonder后面应跟宾语从句，而从句中的谓语动词do是及物动词，可见从句缺少一个代替宾语的成分，我们可以用排除法排除不作成分的if和that，再排除引导方式状语的how，答案是C，句子的意思是"我们能就此做些什么"。
课堂练习：（2）
1.
_________makes
the
book
so
extraordinary
is
the
creative
imagination
of
the
writer.
A.
That
B.
What
C.
Who
D.
Which
考点：主语从句
解析：由于从句_________makes
the
book
so
extraordinary中缺少主语，排除A选项。根据句意“使这本书与众不同的是作者有创造性的想象力”可知，缺少的成分指物，所以排除C选项，又因为从句没有选择性，所以排除D选项。故答案为B。
2.
The
newcomer
went
to
the
library
the
other
day
and
searched
for
_________
he
could
find
about
Mark
Twain.
A.
wherever
B.
however
C.
whatever
D.
whichever
考点：介词宾语从句
解析：由于从句_________
he
could
find
about
Mark
Twain缺少宾语，排除AB选项。根据句意“前几天新来的人去了图书馆，去寻找他所能找到的有关马克吐温的任何东西”可知，没有选择范围，排除D选项。故答案为C。
3.
Choosing
the
right
dictionary
depends
on
__________
you
want
to
use
it
for.
A.
what
B.
why
C.
how
D.
whether
考点：介词宾语从句
解析：由于从句__________
you
want
to
use
it
for缺少宾语，排除BCD选项。故答案为A。
4.
As
a
new
graduate,
he
doesn’t
know
________it
takes
to
start
a
business
here.
A.
how
B.
what
C.
when
D.
which
考点：宾语从句
解析：由于从句________it
takes
to
start
a
business
here中缺少宾语，排除AC选项。根据句意“作为一名新的毕业生，他不知道在这儿开办一家公司需要具备什么”可知没有选择范围，故排除D。答案为B
5.
Before
a
problem
can
be
solved,
it
must
be
obvious
___________the
problem
itself
is.
A.
what
B.
that
C.
which
D.
why
考点：主语从句之it作形式主语
解析：由于从句___________the
problem
itself
is缺少表语，排除BD。根据句意“问题本身是什么一定是很明显的”可知没有选择范围，排除C。故答案为A
6.
Parents
are
taught
to
understand
______
important
education
is
to
their
children’s
future.
A.
that?????????
B.
how?
C.
such?
D.
So
考点：宾语从句与感叹句综合
解析：整个从句______
important
education
is
to
their
children’s
future为宾语从句，根据句意“教育对于他们孩子的未来多么的重要”可知，这个主语从句恰好是一个感叹句，所以把ACD排除，可知答案为B.
7.
The
companies
are
working
together
to
create
__________they
hope
will
be
the
best
means
of
transport
in
the
21st
century.
A.
which
B.
that
C.
what
D.
who
考点：宾语从句与插入语综合
解析：由于从句__________they
hope
will
be
the
best
means
of
transport
in
the
21st
century缺少主语，排除B选项。根据句意“这些公司一起合作是为了创造出21世纪最好的交通方式”可知从句缺的成分指物，排除D,
又由于没有选择范围，排除A，故答案为C。
这道题的难度是从句中有插入语they
hope,
分析时，我把插入语去掉，主语更容易分析。
8.
We
promise
________attends
the
party
a
chance
to
have
a
photo
taken
with
the
movie
star
A.
who
B.
whom
C.
whoever
D.
whomever
考点：宾语从句
解析：由于从句________attends
the
party缺少主语，排除BD。根据句意“我们承诺，参加派对的任何人都有一次与这位电影明星合影的机会。”可知，表示泛指任何人，故选择C。
9.
__________one
of
you
breaks
the
window
will
have
to
pay
for
it.
A.
Whoever
B.
Whatever
C.
Whichever
D.
Wherever
考点：主语从句
解析：根据句意“你们当中无论哪个打破窗户都必须赔偿”可知，此处有选择范围you，故选择C。
10.
It
is
obvious
to
the
students
________
they
should
get
well
prepared
for
their
future.
A.
as
B.
which
C.
whether
D.
that
考点：主语从句之it作形式主语
解析：由于从句________
they
should
get
well
prepared
for
their
future完整，故排除AB。根据句意“很明显学生应该为他们的未来做好准备”可知，答案为D.
折叠练习
1.
________that
they
found
an
unusual
plant
in
the
forest.
A.
It
is
said
B.
They
are
said
C.
It
said
D.
It
says
答案A:句型It
is
said
that+主语从句。类似的还有It
is
believed
that……etc
2.
_____
caused
the
accident
is
still
a
complete
mystery.
A.
What
B.
That
C.
How
D.
Where
答案A:观察此从句中缺少主语，而能在主语从句中即充当主语成分又引导的就只有what了
3.
It
worried
Mary
a
lot
_____
she
would
pass
the
college
entrance
examination.
A.
whether
B.
if
C.
that
D.
how
4.
Shanghai
has
taken
on
a
new
look.
It
isn't
like
_____
it
used
to
be
.
A
.what
B.
how
C.
that
D.
which
5.
____
is
no
possibility
______
Bob
will
win
the
first
prize
in
the
match.
A.
There,
that
B.
It,
that
C.
There,
whether
D.
It,
whether
6.
Little
Tommy
was
reluctant
to
tell
the
schoolmaster
____
he
had
done
the
day
before.
A
.that
B.
how
C
.what
D.
where
7.
The
old
man
smiled
when
he
saw
how
pretty
_____
up
to
be
during
the
past
few
years.
A.
had
his
daughter
grown
B.
would
his
daughter
grow
C.
his
daughter
would
grow
D.
his
daughter
had
grown
8.
Have
you
seen
Mary
lately?
My
boss
wants
to
know
_____.
A.
how
she
is
getting
along
B.
how
is
she
getting
along
C.
what
she
is
getting
along
D.
what
is
she
getting
along
9.
____surprised
me
most
was
_____such
a
little
girl
of
seven
could
play
the
violin
so
well.
A.
That;
what
B.
What;
that
C.
That;
that
D.
What;
what
10.
These
wild
flowers
are
so
special
I
would
do
______
I
can
to
save
them.
A.
Whatever
B.
which
C.
that
D.
whichever
11.
_____
helped
to
save
the
drowning
girl
is
worth
praising.
A.
Who
B.
Anyone
C.
Whoever
D.
The
person
12.
Eat
_____
you
like
and
leave
the
others
for
_____
comes
in
late.
A.
any;
who
B.
every;
whoever
C.
whichever;
whoever
D.
either;
whoever
13.
___
she
couldn't
understand
was
_____
fewer
and
fewer
students
showed
interest
in
her
lessons.
A.
What;
why
B.
That;
why
C.
What;
because
D.
Why;
that
14.
It
was
___
he
said
___
disappointed
me.
A.
What;
that
B.
That;
that
C.
What;
what
D.
That;what
15.
It
was
ordered
that
all
the
soldiers
_______to
the
front.
A.
should
send
B.
must
be
sent
C.
should
be
sent
D.
must
go
16.
The
true
value
of
life
is
not
in
______,
but
_______.
A.
which
we
get;
what
give
we
B.
what
we
get;
what
we
give
C.
which
do
we
get;
what
do
we
give
D.
how
we
get;
that
we
give
17.
We
are
all
for
your
proposal
that
the
discussion
_______.
A.
be
put
off
B.
was
put
off
C.
should
put
off
D.
is
to
be
put
off
18.
Go
and
get
your
coat.It's
____
you
left
it.
A.
where
B.
there
C.
here
where
D.
where
there
19.
Sarah
hopes
to
become
a
friend
of
______
shares
her
interests.
A.
anyone
B.
whomever
C.
whoever
D.
no
matter
who
20.
You
can't
imagine
______
when
they
received
these
nice
Christmas
presents.
A.
how
they
were
excited
B.
how
excited
they
were
C.
how
excited
were
they
D.
they
were
how
excited
Keys:
1---5
A
A
A
A
A
6---10
C
D
A
B
A
11----15
C
C
A
A
C
16---20
B
A
A
C
B高考英语语法核心考点专项复习
被动语态知识点整理总结
被动语态属于动词的知识点，考察谓语动词的结构，也是高考的必考点。
本专题主要是从被动语态的意义、结构、怎样变被动语态、做题结构、难点和考点来进行讲解，并配以习题练习。
动词的语态反映主语与谓语动词之间的一种关系。动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者时，谓语动词用主动语态；当句子的主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者时，谓语动词用被动语态。在主动语态中，句子通过谓语动词的不同形式体现出不同的时态形式；被动语态由“助动词be
＋
过去分词”构成，不同的时态通过
be
的不同形式体现。其被动语态构成方法与普通的及物动词的被动语态的构成方法相同。
一、被动语态的基本结构为：be+done
二、被动语态结构
各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are+done
一般过去时
did
was/were+done
现在进行时
am/is/are+doing
am/is/are+beingdone
现在完成时
have/has+done
have/has+been
done
一般将来时
will/shall/be
going
to
+
do
will/shall/be
going
to+be
done
过去进行时
was/were+doing
was/were+being
done
过去将来时
would/should/be
going
to+do
would/should/be
going
to+be
done
含有情态动词
can/may/must+do
can/may/must+be
done
三、被动语态的用法
?
英语中，大多数情况下用主动语态比较简练、有力。但是，被动语态也有其特殊的用途，它也是表达思想、描述事物的需要。人们通常在下列情况下使用被动语态：
?
A.
不知道或不必说出动作的执行者
?
How
is
this
word
pronounced
这个单词怎么发音？
?
Scientists
say
that
work
is
done
whenever
a
force
moves.
科学家们说，力移动时就做了功。
?
A
greater
number
of
magic
English
books
will
be
published
next
year.
明年将有更多的魔法英语书出版。
?
After
war,
everything
had
been
destroyed.
战争结束后，一切都被毁坏了。
?
B.
强调动作的承受者
?
If
you
break
the
school
rules,
you
will
be
punished.
如果你违反校规，你将受到惩罚。（强调you）
?
A
new
Hope
School
will
be
opened
in
our
village.
我们家乡将开办一所新的希望学校。（强调a
new
Hope
School）
?
She
is
liked
by
everybody.
大家都喜欢她。
?
Xiao
Li
was
elected
monitor
of
the
class.
小李被选为班长。
?
C.
动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物
?
The
bridge
was
washed
away
by
the
flood.
桥被洪水冲走了。
?
We
were
shocked
by
the
news
of
his
death.
我们听到他的死讯极为震惊。
?
Many
accidents
were
caused
by
careless
driving.
许多事故都是开车不小心造成的。
?
D.
修辞的需要，为了使句子更加简练、匀称
?
He
appeared
on
the
stage
and
was
warmly
applauded
by
the
audience.
他出现在舞台上，受到了观众的热烈鼓掌。
?
The
old
professor
gave
a
lecture
on
American
history
and
was
well
received.
这位老教授作了一个有关美国历史的讲座，受到大家的热烈欢迎。
?
I
was
shown
round
the
school
campus
by
Sean,
who
had
entered
the
school
just
a
year
before.
肖恩带我参观了校园，他去年刚进这所学校。
?
E.
为了表示委婉或礼貌，避免提及动作执行者或说话者自己
?
You've
been
told
many
times
not
to
make
the
same
mistake.
你已被多次告知不要犯同样的错误。
?
Everybody
is
expected
to
obey
the
following
rules.
希望大家遵守以下规定。
?
The
control
room
may
not
be
entered
without
permission.
非经许可，勿入控制室。
?
F.
科技文献中为了客观地描述事情及其过程
?
The
film
is
coated
with
light-sensitive
chemicals,
which
are
changed
by
the
different
shades
and
colours
of
light.
胶卷上涂了一层感光的化学物质，这些物质因光的不同色度与颜色而改变。
?
G.
新闻报道中为了体现新闻的客观性
?
The
west-east
gas
pipeline
project
was
kicked
off
on
July
4,
a
big
event
in
the
nation's
west
development
campaign.
西气东输工程7月4日全线开工，这是国家西部大开发战略的一件大事。
?
H．有些动词习惯上常用被动语态
?
He
was
born
in
this
city.??
他出生在这个城市。
?
The
school
is
situated
in
the
suburbs.
这所学校位于郊外。
?
注意：
?
被动语态中的by短语通常可以省去。但如果by短语是句子的重点所在，或者没有by短语全句的意思不完整时，则要保留by短语。
?
The
vegetables
didn't
taste
very
good.
They
had
been
cooked
too
long.
蔬菜的味道不好，烧的时间太长了。（不需要动作的执行者）
?
He
arrived
at
the
airport,
where
he
was
met
by
his
friend.
他到达了机场并受到朋友的迎接。（没有by
his
friend，句子的意思不完整）
?
Everybody
was
cast
down
by
such
news
as
that.
大家都被那种消息搞得很沮丧。（需要by短语）
四、主动语态和被动语态的转换
1．主动语态变为被动语态
（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾语变成主格。
（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并用by引导。
（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。
主动语态：
动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者
被动语态：
动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者
如：We
asked
him
to
sing
an
English
song．(变为被动语态)
→He
was
asked
to
sing
an
English
song
by
us．
A.
主语
+
谓语
+
宾语
?
“主语
+
谓语
+
宾语”结构中只有一个宾语，变为被动语态时，将宾语变为主语：
?
They
will
discuss
the
plan
at
the
meeting.
他们将在会议上讨论这个问题。
?
--
The
plan
will
be
discussed
at
the
meeting.
这个问题将在会议上讨论。?
?
In
the
past
the
king
possessed
great
wealth.
过去国王拥有巨大的财富。
?In
the
past
great
wealth
was
possessed
by
the
king.
过去，巨大的财富为国王所拥有。
B.
主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
?
在这个句型中，谓语动词跟有两个宾语。变成被动语态时，一般将通常指人的间接宾语转化成主语，但有时也可将指物的间接宾语转化成主语：
?
We
gave
the
student
some
books.
我们给了这个学生几本书。
?
--
The
student
was
given
some
books.
这个学生被给了几本书。
?
--
Some
books
were
given
to
the
student.
几本书被给了这个学生。
?
His
father
bought
him
a
computer
last
week.
上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
?
--
He
was
bought
a
computer
by
his
father
last
week.
上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
?
--
A
computer
was
bought
for
him
by
his
father
last
week.
上周他父亲给他买了一台电脑。
?
注意：用直接宾语作被动语态的主语时，通常要在间接宾语前加上适当的介词(如to,
for,
of等)，以加强间接宾语的语气。
?
They
awarded
him
the
Nobel
Prize.
他们授予他诺贝尔奖。
?
--
The
Nobel
Prize
was
awarded（to）him.
诺贝尔奖被授予给他。
?
The
host
had
caught
us
some
fish.
主人给我们捉了一些鱼。
?Some
fish
had
been
caught
for
us
by
the
host.
主人给我们捉了一些鱼。（for不可省）
?
C.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
?
在这个句型中，谓语动词后有一个宾语和一个宾语补足语，变成被动语态时，宾语转化成主语，宾语补足语也随之变为主语补足语：
?
All
the
villagers
painted
the
houses
white.
所有村民都把房子涂成了白色。
?
--
The
houses
were
painted
white
by
all
the
villagers.
房子都被所有的村民都涂成了白色。
?
They
kept
us
waiting
for
a
long
time.
他们让我们等了很长时间。
?
--
We
were
kept
waiting
for
a
long
time.
我们等了很长时间。
?
We
regarded
him
as
the
best
doctor
in
town.
我们认为他是城里最好的医生。
?
--
He
was
regarded
as
the
best
doctor
in
town.
他被认为是城里最好的医生。
?
注意：
?
有些使役动词和感官动词,如make,
see,
hear,
watch,
notice,
observe,
listen
to等，在主动结构中跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，在变为被动结构时，不定式应加上to。
?
We
heard
him
say
good-bye
to
his
friends.
我们听见他向朋友们道别。
?He
was
heard
to
say
good-bye
to
his
friends.
他被听到向朋友们道别。
?
D.
含有情态动词的主动句变被动句
?
含有情态动词的谓语变成被动语态时，用“情态动词+
be
done”构成。
?
情态动词
?
Can
could?
?
May
might
?
must
?
Have
had
to
?
Will
would
?
Shall
should
?
ought
to
?
主动形式
?
Can
could
do
?
May
might
do
?
must
do
?
Have
had
to
do
?
Will
would
do
?
Shall
should
do
?
ought
to
do
?
被动形式
?
Can
could
be
done
?
May
might
be
done
?
must
be
done
?
Have
had
to
be
done
?
Will
would
be
done
?
Shall
should
be
done
?
ought
to
be
done
?
The
machine
must
be
operated
with
care.
这机器必须小心操作。
?
Such
a
sentence
ought
not
to
be
used
here.
这个句子不应该用在这里。
?
What's
done
cannot
be
undone.?
覆水难收。
?
People
had
to
be
reminded
of
the
danger
that
night.
那天晚上必须提醒人们当心危险。
E.
含有“be
going
to
do”和“be
to
do”等结构的主动句变被动句
?
含有“be
going
to
do和
be
to
do
等结构的谓语动词，变成被动语态时，分别用“be
going
to
+
be
done”和“be
to
+
be
done”。在这两种结构中，be只有一般现在时和一般过去时两种形式。
?
The
problem
is
going
to
be
discussed
at
the
meeting.
这个问题将在会上讨论。
?
This
new
film
is
to
be
shown
on
TV
next
week.
这部新片下周将在电视上放映。
F．含有宾语从句的主动句变被动句
?
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，通常用it来作为被动句的形式主语，宾语从句保留不变。
?
They
said
that
he
had
gone
abroad
to
study
English.
他们说他出国学英语去了。
?
--
It
was
said
that
he
had
gone
abroad
to
study
English.
据说他出国学英语去了。
?
We
haven't
decided
when
we
should
go
camping.
我们还未决定什么时候去野营。
?
--
It
hasn't
been
decided
when
we
should
go
camping.
什么时候去野营尚未决定。
?
提示：
?
带有宾语从句的句子变成被动语态时，为了简练，还可把从句的主语变为被动句的主语，从句的谓语部分还可以变为不定式短语。
?
We
believed
that
he
would
succeed.
我们相信他会成功。
?
--
He
was
believed
to
succeed.
人们相信他会成功。
?
Father
expected
that
I
should
become
an
engineer.
父亲希望我成为工程师。
?
--
I
was
expected
(by
my
father)
to
become
an
engineer.
（父亲）希望我成为工程师。
?
G．祈使句的被动语态
?
肯定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Let
+
宾语
+
be
+
过去分词；否定的祈使句的被动语态结构是：Don't
+
let
+
宾语
+
be
+
过去分词（或Let
+
宾语
+
not
+
be
+
过去分词）。
?
Move
the
desks
into
the
corridor.
?
--
Let
the
desks
be
moved
into
the
corridor.
把课桌搬到走廊去。
?
Don't
trust
her.
?
--
Don't
let
her
be
trusted.
?
--
Let
her
not
be
trusted.
不要相信她。
?
H.
动词短语构成的被动语态
?
一般情况下，只有及物动词才能跟宾语，而不及物动词不能跟宾语，所以只有及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词则没有被动语态。但有些不及物动词后面跟上介词或副词后，变成一个动词短语，相当于一个及物动词，因此就可以有被动语态。
?
The
nurses
in
this
hospital
look
after
the
patients
very
well.
?
--
The
patients
are
well
looked
after
by
the
nurses
in
this
hospital.
病人在这所医院里被护士们照料得很周到。
?
They
have
put
off
the
meeting
till
next
Saturday.
?
--
The
meeting
has
been
put
off
till
next
Saturday.
会议已推迟到下周六了。
?
注意：
?
在使用被动语态时，千万不要遗漏句末的介词或副词。
?
Such
a
bad
habit
should
be
got
rid
of.
这样的坏习惯应该改掉。
?
All
the
important
matters
have
now
been
attended
to.
所有重要的事情都得到了处理。
?
I.
双重被动结构
?
双重被动结构指的是句中谓语动词和其后的不定式均为被动结构，句子的主语既是谓语动词的承受者，同时又是不定式动作的承受者。
?
They
asked
us
to
discuss
the
problem
at
once.
?
--
We
were
asked
to
discuss
the
problem
at
once.
?
--
The
problem
was
asked
to
be
discussed
at
once.
这个问题被要求立刻讨论。（双重被动）
?
She
offered
to
buy
a
recorder
for
me.
?
--
A
recorder
was
offered
to
be
bought
for
me.
有人提出要帮我买一台录音机。（双重被动）
?
The
teacher
ordered
that
we
should
take
the
desk
away.
?
--
The
desk
was
ordered
to
be
taken
away.
课桌被要求搬走。（双重被动）
?
J．下列句子变成被动语态时，要用with，不用by
?
Smoke
filled
the
meeting
room.
烟充满了会议室。
?
The
meeting
room
was
filled
with
smoke.
会议室里充满了烟。
?
A
cloth
covered
the
table.
一块布把桌子罩了起来。
?
The
table
was
covered
with
a
cloth.
桌子上铺着一块布。
?
K．不能变为被动语态的结构
?
1．受动词的限制
?
①表示状态的及物动词，只能用于主动语态。
?
某些表示状态的及物动词，如have,
own,
cost,
lack,
want
(缺乏),
become
(适合),
fit,
resemble,
fail,
last,
flee,
benefit,
hold等作谓语时，不能变为被动句。
?
She
resembles
her
mother.
她像她妈妈。
?
He
lacks
self-confidence.
他缺乏自信。
?
This
hall
can
hold
2,000
people.
这个大厅能容纳两千人。
?
②当及物动词have表示“吃饭”、“患病”、“明白”、“知道”等意思时，没有被动语态形式。
?
Would
you
have
a
cup
of
tea?
你要喝杯茶吗？
?
She
had
a
bad
cold
yesterday,
and
now
she
is
feeling
much
better.
昨天她得了重感冒，现在好多了。
?
③当动词get，take表示“懂得”、“知道”，owe表示“欠”，cost表示“使失去(生命、健康等)”的意思时，动词没有相应的被动语态。
?
Do
you
get
me???
你明白我的意思吗？
?
How
do
you
take
this
passage?
这段话你怎么理解？
?
I
owe
50
pounds
to
you.
我欠你五十英镑。
?
His
careless
driving
cost
his
life.?
他粗心的驾驶使他丧了命。
?
2．受宾语的限制
?
①当宾语是相互代词、反身代词或具有类似相互代词的关系时，动词不能用于被动语态形式。
?
They
simply
cannot
contain
themselves
for
joy.?
他们简直无法抑制内心的喜悦。
?
He
absented
himself
from
a
meeting
yesterday.?
他昨天缺席会议了。
?
For
years
the
two
sisters
looked
after
one
another.
多年来两姐妹互相照顾。
?
②当宾语前带有主语的形容词性物主代词时，谓语动词通常不能转换为被动语态。
?
I
could
not
believe
my
eyes
when
I
saw
him
still
alive.
看到他还活着，我简直不相信自己的眼睛。
?
The
doctor
shook
his
head
and
then
went
out
without
any
words.
医生摇了摇头，一句话也没说就出去了。
?
注意：
?
动词的宾语是身体的一部分，一般不可变为被动语态，但也有例外。
?
He
fixed
his
eyes
on
the
oil
painting.
他注视着这幅油画。
?
--
His
eyes
were
fixed
on
the
oil
painting.
他的两眼注视着这幅油画。
?
③当宾语起状语作用，表示数量、重量、大小或程度时，不能用被动语态。
?
This
kind
of
dictionary
costs
ten
dollars.?
这种字典价值十美元。
?
The
case
weighs
twenty
kilos.
这箱子重二十公斤。
?
④当宾语是同源宾语时，通常不能转换成被动语态。
?
He
laughed
a
hearty
laugh.?
他由衷地笑了笑。
?
She
dreamt
a
sweet
dream.
她做了一个美梦。
?
⑤如果宾语是动词不定式或动词的-ing形式时，谓语动词一般不能变换成被动语态。
?
He
admitted
having
done
wrong.?
他承认做错了。
?
He
has
decided
to
go
and
study
abroad.?
他已决定出国留学。
?
⑥如果enter,
leave,
reach的宾语是地点、国家机关等，不能改为被动语态
?
He
left
the
army
in
1998.
他1998年退伍。
?
She
entered
the
hall
at
once.
她立刻就进入了大厅。
?
⑦另外，不可拆开的短语动词，如take
place,
lose
heart,
belong
to,
consist
of,
change
colour等，也不能改为被动语态。
?
The
book
belongs
to
me.
这本书是我的。
?
She
caught
a
very
bad
cold.
她患了重感冒。
?
必背：一些常见的不能变为被动语态的动宾词组
?
catch
a
cold?感冒
?
eat
one's
words?
食言
?
lose
heart?丧失信心
?
lose
patience?失去耐心
?
make
a
face?做鬼脸
?
make
up
one's
mind???
决心
?
make
bed????
铺床
?
make
room
for????
为……腾出地方
?
keep
watch???
守望
?
keep
silence????
保持安静?
?
speak
one's
mind??
表明见解
?
take
place?
发生
?
take
one's
time?从容不迫，别着急
?
take
office?
就职
?
take
one's
leave??
请假
?
take
notes???
作笔记?
?
take
up
arms???
拿起武器
?
take
one's
place?
就位
?
⑧含有would
rather或情态动词dare的句子，不能改为被动语态。
?
I
would
rather
do
it
now.
我宁可现在就干这件事。
?
He
dare
not
do
it.
他不敢干那件事。
五、被动语态中常用的介词
?
1．by表示动作的执行者或施加者
?
By
whom
is
the
book
written
这本书是谁写的？
?
The
children
were
driven
indoors
by
the
rain.
孩子们被雨赶进了室内。
?
2．with表示用某种工具
?
The
wolf
was
killed
with
a
gun.
狼被枪打死了。
?
The
field
was
spread
with
wild
flowers.
田野里野花遍地。
?
3．from表示源于某种物质（看不出原材料）
?
Good
wine
is
made
from
grain.
好酒是粮食制成的。?
?
4．of表示用某种材料制成（看得出原材料）
?
The
table
is
made
of
wood.
这张桌子是用木头做的。
?
5．其他介词
?
You
are
wanted
on
the
phone.
有电话找你。
?
He
is
known
to
everybody.
大家都认识他。
?
She
was
caught
in
the
rain.
她遭雨淋了。
?
注意：
?
动作执行者可以由介词by引出的短语表示，但被动语态句子中的by短语并不总是表示动作执行者。
?
A
policeman
is
known
by
the
clothes
he
wears.
警察可以通过他的服装辨认出来。（by表示方式）
?
He
was
much
flattered
by
her
asking
him
to
dinner.
她邀请他吃晚饭，他受宠若惊了。（by表示原因）
?
The
snow
was
piled
high
by
the
gate.
门口雪堆积得很高。（by表示地点）
六、主动形式表示被动意义
?
英语中有些结构形式上是主动的，而表达的意义却是被动的。
?
A．某些不及物动词的被动意义
?
英语中一般只有及物动词才用于被动语态，不及物动词不用于这种结构。但有些时候，某些不及物动词，其主动形式含有被动的意义。
?
When
did
the
accident
occur??
事故是什么时候发生的？
?
Ice-cream
always
goes
well
in
hot
weather.??
冰淇淋在暑天销路好。
?
Does
life
exist
on
the
moon
月球上存在着生命吗？
?
B．一些表示“开始”、“结束”意思的动词
?
Class
begins
at
eight.?
八点钟开始上课。
?
The
meeting
ended
up
with
warm
applause.?
会议在热烈的掌声中结束了。
?
C．一些表示“运转”意义的动词
?
The
machine
runs
well.?
机器运转良好。
?
His
voice
records
well.??
他的音录下来很好。
?
D．当read,
write,
translate等动词与表示行为方式的状语连用时
?
动词read,
write,
translate,
act,
add,
wash,
wear,
cook,
lock,
sell,
tear,
cut,
keep,
feel,
burn,
strike,
last等常和表示行为方式的状语连用，表示被动意义。这些动词既是及物动词又是不及物动词。当主语是人时，是及物动词；当主语是物时，是不及物动词，即
用主动形式表示被动意义。
?
The
book
sells
well.
这书的销路很好。
?
My
pen
writes
smoothly.
我的笔很好写。
?
The
play
reads
more
easily
than
acts.?
这剧本易读不易演。
?
提示：
?
这些动词常和情态动词（多半是否定式）连用，表示被动。
?
His
car
can't
move.?
他的车不能开了。
?
E．表示状态特征的连系动词的被动意义
?
有些表示状态特征的连系动词，如look,
smell,
taste,
sound,
prove,
appear,
turn
out等主动形式表示被动意义。
?
Good
medicine
tastes
bitter.?
良药苦口。
?
What
he
said
proved
to
be
correct.??
他的话证明是正确的。
?
The
flowers
smell
sweet.?
这些花闻起来很香。
?
Your
sentence
doesn't
sound
right.
你这话听起来不大对头。
?
F．一些动词的进行时态可以表示一个被动的动作
?
The
meat
is
cooking.
肉正在烧。
?
The
book
is
printing.?这本书正在印刷之中。
?
G．有些作表语的不定式，在结构上是主动的，但在意义上却是被动的
?
She
is
to
blame.
她应该受到责备。
?
The
house
is
to
let.
此房出租。
七、被动形式表示主动意义
?
英语的被动形式表示主动的意义，主要见于状态被动语态句中。一般说来有以下几种情况。
?
A．反身动词的被动形式表示主动意义
?
反身动词（及物动词+反身代词）作谓语时，其宾语反身代词，表示动作返回到执行者本身，主语既是动作的执行者，又是动作的承受者。由于反身动词具有这一特点，在被动结构中动作的承受者，也就是动作的执行者，在句中表现出主动的意义。
?
He
seats
himself
at
the
back
of
the
classroom.
他坐在教室的后面。
?
--
He
is
seated
at
the
back
of
the
classroom.
他坐在教室的后面。
?
He
lost
himself
in
the
forest.
?
--
He
was
lost
in
the
forest.
他在森林中迷了路。
?
He
dressed
himself
in
a
dark
blue
suit.
?
--
He
was
dressed
in
a
dark
blue
suit.
他穿着一套深蓝色的衣服。
?
注意：
?
有些介词短语作定语或表语时，也有被动的含义。
?
The
tall
building
under
repair
is
an
office
building.
?
正在修建的那座高楼是一座办公楼。
?
The
result
is
nnow
under
consideration.
?
结果现在正在考虑中。
?
个别介词短语用冠词时表示被动的意义，不用冠词表示主动意义。
?
The
children
are
in
the
charge
of?
this
nurse.
?
孩子们由这位护士照管。
?
This
nurse
is
in
charge
og
the
children.
?
这位护士负责照看孩子们。
?
B．“引起……感情”等动词的被动形式表主动意义
?
The
teacher
is
satisfied
with
what
he
said.?
老师对他所说的感到满意。
?
We
are
opposed
to
unjust
wars.?
我们反对非正义的战争。
?
We
are
prepared
to
accept
his
proposal.?
我们准备采纳他的建议。
?
He
was
tired
with
playing
all
day.??
玩了一整天他感到很疲倦了。
?
C．某些表示定位、移位的动词
?
The
earth
is
tilted
a
little.
地球有点儿倾斜。
?
Hundreds
of
soldiers
were
stationed
around
the
prison.
数百个士兵驻扎在监狱周围。
?
The
village
is
located
at
the
foot
of
a
hill.
这个村庄坐落在山脚下。
?
D．不及物动词的-ed形式与be连用表示主动意义
?
Spring
is
come.?
春天来了。
?
The
moon
was
set
and
it
was
very
dark.??
月亮落了，天很黑。
?
He
is
advanced
in
years.?
他年纪很大了。
?
E．表示终止动词的-ed形式
?
He
is
done
with
it.??
他做完了这件事。
?
My
fever
is
gone,
but
I
still
have
a
cough.?
我的烧已经退了，但还有点儿咳嗽。
?
F．一些习惯用法
?
He
was
graduated
from
Beijing
University.?
他毕业于北大。
?
You
are
mistaken.?
你弄错了。
?
He
is
retired.?
他退休了。
?
G．被动的祈使句
?
Do
be
seated.
请坐！
?
Be
prepared,
please.
请准备好。
?
Get
washed.
洗吧。
?
Be
concerned
more
about
the
well-being
of
the
masses.
多关心群众的生活。
巩固练习
Ⅰ.
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1.
___________
(ask)
to
give
a
performance,
she
felt
embarrassed,
but
people
kept
on.
2.
He
disliked
_________________
(interrupt)
in
his
experiment.
3.
_________________
(give)
such
a
good
chance,
you
should
catch
it.
4.
I
didn’t
mind
__________
(leave)
at
home,
for
I
could
read
the
novel
in
bed.
5.
The
house
we’re
going
to
move
in
wants
_______
(clean).
6.
He
came
in
without
___________
(ask),
which
made
his
boss
angry.
7.
There
was
a
terrible
noise
_______
(follow)
the
sudden
burst
of
light.
8.
I
heard
of
his
______________
(choose)
to
be
the
coach
of
the
team.
9.
I
saw
the
boy
_________
(question)
by
a
policeman
in
the
teachers’
office
now.
10.
This
problem
requires
_______
(study)
with
great
care.
Ⅱ.
根据汉语提示用非谓语动词完成下列句子。
1.
我真的无法忍受他的指责。
I
really
can’t
stand
___________
by
him.
2.
很久没见到她，我很想念她。
___________
her
for
ages,
I
miss
her
very
much.
3.
他们正在讨论的是什么话题？
What’s
the
subject
_______________?
4.
他们中有些人因为生长在乡村，从未看过轮船。
Some
of
them,
_____________
in
rural
villages,
had
never
seen
a
ship.
5.
医生提醒病人手术后不要吃油腻的食物。
The
patient
was
warned
__________
oily
food
after
operation.
6.
下班后别忘记关灯。
Don’t
forget
_________　the
lights
after
work.
7.
我后悔没听老师的忠告。
I
regret
＿＿＿＿＿＿
the
teacher’s
advice.
8.
很抱歉我犯了一个愚蠢的错误。
I’m
sorry
___________
a
silly
mistake.
9.
挨了老师的批评后，他感到很郁闷。
________________,
he
felt
very
depressed.
10.
他走出房间，身后跟着他忠实的小狗。
He
went
out
of
the
room,
________
his
honest
little
dog.
Ⅲ.
单项选择。
1．________the
programme，they
have
to
stay
there
for
another
two
weeks．
　　A.
Not
completing
　　　　　　B．Not
completed
　　C.
Not
having
completed
　　　D．Having
not
completed
2．Tony
was
very
unhappy
for
________to
the
party．
　　A．having
not
been
invited
　　　　　B．not
having
invited
　　C．having
not
invited　　　　　　　　D．not
having
been
invited
3.
“We
can’t
go
out
in
this
weather，”said
Bob，________out
of
the
window．
　　A．1ooking
　　　B．to
look　　　
C．looked　　　
D．having
looked
4.
The
country
has
already
sent
up
three
unmanned
spacecraft,
the
most
recent
__________
at
the
end
of
last
March.
　A．has
been
launched　　　　B．having
been
launched
　C．being
launched
　　　　　D．to
be
launched
5.
________the
meeting
himself
gave
them
a
great
deal
of
encouragement．
　A．The
president
will
attend
　　　　　B．The
president
to
attend
　C．The
president
attended　　　　　　D．The
president’s
attending
6.
Having
been
attacked
by
terrorists，________．
　A．doctors
came
to
their
rescue
　　　　B．the
tall
building
collapsed
　C．an
emergency
measure
was
taken
　　D．warnings
were
given
to
tourists
7.
The
discovery
of
new
evidence
led
to
________．
　A．the
thief
having
caught
　　　B．catch
the
thief
　C．the
thief
being
caught　　　　D．the
thief
to
be
caught
8.
Though
________money，his
parents
managed
to
send
him
to
university．
　A．lacked　　　
B．lacking
of　　　
C．lacking　　　
D．lacked
in
9．In
some
parts
of
London，missing
a
bus
means
________for
another
hour．
　A．waiting
　　　B．to
wait
　　　C．wait　　　
D．to
be
waiting
10.
Mr.
Reed
made
up
his
mind
to
devote
all
he
had
to
_____some
schools
for
poor
children．
　A.
set
up
　　　B．setting
up
　　　C．have
set
up
　　　D．having
set
up
11.
---How
do
you
deal
with
the
disagreement
between
the
company
and
the
customers?
　
---The
key________
the
problem
is
to
meet
the
demand
_______by
the
customers．
　A．to
solving；making　　　　
B．to
solving；made
　C．to
solve；making
　　　　　D．to
solve；made
12.
The
flowers
_________sweet
in
the
botanic
garden
attract
the
visitors
to
the
beauty
of
nature．
　A．to
smell　　　　
B．smelling　　　　
C．smelt
　　　　D．to
be
smelt
13.
Dina,
________
for
months
to
find
a
job
as
a
waitress,
finally
took
a
position
at
a
local
advertising
agency.
　A.
struggling
　　　B.
struggled　　
C.
having
struggled
　　　D.
to
struggle
14.
Recently
a
survey
_______
prices
of
the
same
goods
in
two
different
supermarkets
has
caused
heated
debate
among
citizens.
　
A．compared
　
　B．comparing
　
　C．compares
　
　D．being
compared
15.
___
many
times,
the
boy
still
didn’t
know
how
to
do
the
exercises.
A.
Having
taught
B.
Having
been
taught
C.
taught
D.
Teaching
16.
The
government
forbids
______
such
bad
books.
　　A.
published
　　　B.
to
publish
　　　C.
publish
　　　D.
publishing
17．______
the
railway
station,
we
had
a
break,
only
______
the
train
had
left.
　　A.
Arriving
at;
to
find
　　　　　B.
Coming
to;
discovering
that
　　C.
On
arriving
at;
finding
out　　D.
Hurrying
to;
to
have
found
out
18.
With
the
boy
______
the
way,
we
had
no
trouble
______
the
way
______
to
Zhongshan
Park.
　　A.
leading;
finding;
leading
　
　B.
to
lead;
found;
to
lead
　　C.
led;
finding;
led
　　　　　　D.
leading;
found;
led
19．______
these
pictures,
I
couldn’t
help
thinking
of
those
days
when
I
was
in
Beijing
and
______
from
the
top
of
a
thirty-storeyed
building,
Beijing
looks
more
beautiful.
　　A.
Seeing;
seen
　　B.
Seen;
seeing
　　C.
Seeing;
seeing
　　D.
Seen;
seen
20.
I
can
hardly
imagine
Peter
______
across
the
Atlantic
Ocean
in
five
days.
　　A.
to
have
sailed　　　
B.
to
sail
　　　C.
sailing
　　　D.
sail
21.
If
you
wave
your
book
in
front
of
your
face,
you
can
feel
the
air
______
against
your
face.
　　A.
moved　　　
B.
moving
　　　C.
moves
　　　D.
to
move
22.
---
What
made
Bill
so
angry?
---
________.
His
girlfriend
promised
to
come
at
8:30,
but
she
hasn’t
come
yet.
A.
Having
kept
waiting
B.
Being
kept
waiting
C.
To
have
been
kept
waiting
D.
Being
kept
waited
23.
While
shopping,
people
sometimes
can’t
help
______
into
buying
something
they
don’t
really
need.
A.
to
persuaded
B.
persuading
C.
being
persuaded
D.
be
persuaded
24.
He
has
always
insisted
on
his
______
Dr
Turner
instead
of
Mr
Turner.
A.
been
called
B.
called
C.
having
called
D.
being
called
25.
Do
you
mind
______
alone
at
home?
A.
Jane
leaving
B.
Jane
having
left
C.
Jane’s
being
left
D.
Jane
to
be
left
答案与解析：
Ⅰ.
用所给动词的正确形式填空：
1.
Being
asked
2.
being
interrupted
3.
Having
been
given
4.
being
left
5.
cleaning
6.
being
asked
7.
following
8.
having
been
chosen
9.
being
questioned
10.
studying
疑难解析：
1.
因为人们不停地请她演个节目，她感到很尴尬。“被邀请”的动作是与“感觉尴尬”同时发生的，而且从下文可知，动作还没有完成，所以可以用现在分词的被动态的一般式表示正在进行。
Ⅱ.
根据汉语提示用非谓语动词完成下列句子。
being
blamed。stand
表示“忍受”，只接动词-ing形式作宾语。
Not
having
seen。see的动作是主语I做的，是主动关系，而且强调在谓语miss以前已
经完成，用动词-ing形式的完成式。
being
discussed
by
them。
born
and
brought
up。“出生、长大”两个动作与句子主语Some
of
them是被动关系（be
born,
被养大），且已经完成，所以用过去分词作非限制性定语。因为不强调已经完成，不需要用having
been
done。
not
to
eat。warn后必须用不定式作宾语补足语。
to
turn
off。表示“忘记要做某事”用forget
to
do。
not
having
followed/
not
following。regret
doing/
having
done表示后悔做过某事
to
have
made。sorry后接不定式，且make在谓语动作前已经完成，所以用不定式的完成式。
（Having
been）Criticized
by
the
teacher。criticize（批评）与主语he是被动关系，且已经完成，所以可以用过去分词。如果强调已经完成，也可以用动词-ing形式的完成式。
followed
by。follow与He是被动关系，但是与谓语动作went同时进行，因为不强调正在进行，用过去分词表示模糊时间。
Ⅲ.
单项选择。
1.
C。此题考查-ing形式的否定形式的构成，排除选项D；根据-ing形式与句子主语的主动关系，排除B；根据句子的意思，没有完成计划的动作应发生在have
to
stay动作之前，故答案选C。
2.
D。invite与Tony构成动宾关系，所以要用动词-ing形式的被动结构
(not
having
been
invited)。not要放在-ing形式的前面，排除选项A和C。
3．A。动词-ing形式一般式表伴随，Bob说话的同时往窗口外望；B表示未发生的动作；C表示完成；D表示动作发生在said之前，都不符题意，故答案选A。
4.
B。从at
the
end
of
last
March看出launch（发射）的动作已经完成，而且与逻辑主语the
most
recent（指最近发射的那艘不载人飞船）是被动关系，所以用B。
5.
D。从句子结构来看，句子中已经有谓语，故选项A排除；选项B为即将亲自参加会议的总统给他们鼓舞，讲不通；选项C中的attended若作谓语，则与句子结构矛盾，若作过去分词，又与前面的“总统”的主动关系矛盾；因此D正确。句意：总统亲自出席这次会议这件事给了他们莫大的鼓舞，The
president’s是attending的逻辑主语。
6.
B。过去分词和动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语应与句子的主语一致。由前面动词-ing形式的语态可知，句子的主语应该是the
tall
building，因此选B。
7.
C。
lead
to中to是介词，后面跟名词或动词-ing形式，B、D被排除；the
thief是动词-ing形式逻辑上的主语，构成动词-ing形式的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。
8.
C。lack是及物动词，后接宾语money。his
parents与lack是主动关系，要用动词-ing形式作状语。句意：虽然缺钱，他的父母亲还是想法让他上了大学。
9.
A。mean
doing
sth．的意思是“意味着做某事”。mean
to
do
sth．的意思是“打算做什么”。句意：在英国的某些地方，赶不上公共汽车意味着要再等一小时。
10.
B。devote
sth．to后接动词-ing形式作宾语，即devote
sth.
to
doing
sth．。all是devoted的宾语，he
had是定语从句，修饰all。句意：利德先生决定用自己所有的一切为贫困儿童建造几所学校。
11.
B。key后的to是介词，后接动词-ing形式；过去分词短语
made
by
the
customers作demand的定语。make与demand是动宾关系，用过去分词。句意：解决问题的关键是满足顾客的要求。
12.
B。动词-ing形式作定语，说明smell的动作和谓语动作attract同时进行。此处的smell是不及物动词，意为“闻起来”，不能用于被动形式或过去分词。
13.
C。句子已有谓语took了，所以要用非谓语动词作时间状语；不定式一般作目的状语或在某些结构中作结果、原因状语；struggle这一动作在谓语动作之前发生，且与逻辑主语Dina是主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式的完成式。过去分词一般表示完成和被动。
14.
B。句中已经有谓语has
caused，所以compare要用非谓语形式，其逻辑主语a
survey与compare是主动关系，注意compare有自己的宾语“prices...”，用动词-ing形式的一般式作定语。
15.
B。the
boy和动词teach是被动关系，而且teach在谓语动词前完成，所以用动词-ing形式的完成时的被动语态作让步状语。
16.
D。forbid
后接动词-ing形式作宾语。
17.
A。only接to
do
作结果状语，表示出乎预料的结果，且find是在谓语动作“had
a
break”之后完成，用不定式的一般式；动词arrive要作时间状语，与主语we是主动关系，用-ing形式，所以第一空用四个选项中的形式都不错。on+doing
表示“一......就......”。
18.
A。第一空：lead要作介词with的宾语的补足语，和宾语是主动关系，所以用leading；
第二空：have
(no)
trouble
doing
sth.
做某事（没）有麻烦；第三空：lead（通向）是不及物动词，此处不表示已经完成，表示一般时间，所以用-ing形式作定语。
19.
A。see在第一空中，与逻辑主语I是主动关系，用seeing；see在第二空与逻辑主语Beijing是被动关系，用seen。
20.
C。imagine
要接动词-ing形式作宾语，句中Peter是sailing的逻辑主语，因为不在句首，可省略
’s。
21.
B。move是feel的宾语the
air的补足语，与宾语是主动关系，用moving。
22.
B。keep
doing
表示“保持做某事的状态”；keep
him
waiting是Bill的女朋友做的，所以与Bill是被动关系，而且从下文可知此动词还在进行，所以用动词-ing形式的一般式的被动语态，作第一句答语的主语，后面省略了“made
Bill
so
angry”。
23.
C。can’t
help
doing
sth.
表示“禁不住做某事”，而动词persuade与“购物的人们”是被动关系，且与谓语动词同时发生，所以用动词-ing形式的一般式的被动语态。
24.
D。insist
on
要接动词-ing形式作宾语；call与其逻辑主语his（他）是被动关系，且表示一般状况，所以用动词-ing形式的一般式的被动语态。句意：他坚持大家叫他特纳医生，而不是特纳先生。
25.
C。mind后接动词-ing形式作宾语，排除D；leave与其逻辑主语Jane是被动关系，且在谓语动词mind之后发生，所以用一般式的被动语态。排除A、B；名词Jane要作逻辑主语，且不是状语，要用所有格或宾格（名词的主格、宾格一般是一样的）。

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