资源简介

主谓一致
语法一致原则
主语和谓语通常在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：He
does
well
in
maths.
谓语用单数时的情况
1)单数名词(代词）或不可数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用单数。例如：
Lucy
is
a
good
girl,
she
likes
helping
others.
There
is
a
lot
of
water
in
the
bottle.
No
news
is
good
news.
特别提醒：不可数名词前若有表示数量的物量词，则谓语动词与物量词本身的形式一致。例如：One
million
tons
of
oil
were
produced
last
year.
2）不定式短语、动名词短语和从句做主语时，其谓语动词用单数。例如：
To
learn
English
well
isn’t
easy.
What
you
said
seems
impolite.
但是What从句做主语，表语是复数，谓语动词用复数
如：
What?the?students?need
B
good?books.??A.?is??B.?are????C.?have??D.?has?
3)主语是
either，neither或主语被
either，neither
修饰时。例如：
Either
of
the
answers
is
correct.
Neither
answer
proves
to
be
correct.
every/some/any/no＋body/one/thing
构成的复合不定代词做主语时。例如：
Nobody
is
absent.
主语是
each
或单数主语被
each，every
修饰时,
Each
of
the
boys
has
a
pencil
box.
Here
every
student
is
good
at
drawing
当“one
of/the
number
of
+名词复数”作主语时
The
number
of
teachers
in
my
school
is
138.
One
of
his
uncles
is
an
engineer.
但定语从句中关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如one前有the
（only）则用单数形式。
One
of
the
teachers
who
work
in
No.4
High
School
is
his
uncle.
She
was
the
only
one
of
the
girls
who
was
late
for
class
today.
2.谓语用复数时的情况
1）“a
number
of＋名词复数”做主语时，其谓语动词用复数
A
number
of
trees
were
planted
in
our
city
last
year.
and
或both...and...连接主语时，其谓语动词用复数,但如果并列主语指的是同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词,前面有each,
every,
many
a,
no等修饰时，
谓语动词通常仍要用单数形式。例如：
Each
boy
and
each
girl
was
congratulated.
每个男孩和女孩都受到了祝贺。
Both
you
and
I
are
right.
Tea
and
milk
are
good
for
our
health.
Truth
and
honesty
is
the
best
policy.
To
love
and
to
be
loved
is
the
great
happiness.
Going
to
bed
early
and
getting
up
early
is
a
good
habit.
A
knife
and
fork
is
on
the
table.
Every
hour
and
every
minute
is
important.
每时每刻都是重要的。
Many
a
boy
and
many
a
girl
has
seen
this
painting.
许多男孩和女孩都看了这幅油画。
No
man
and
no
animal
is
to
be
found
on
the
moon.
在月球上没发现人和动物。
No
teacher
and
no
student
is
admitted.
师生一律不得入内。
3.取决于主语的情况
主语后有with,along
with,
like,
except,
besides,
including,
as
well
as,
together
with,
rather
than,
except,
but,
besides,
in
addition
to,
added
to,
rather
than,
more
than,
no
less
than等连接的名词或代词时
Tom
with
his
parents
is
watching
TV
now.
a
lot
of/lots
of/plenty
of/all/
most
of/分数/百分数
+
名词时，
Lots
of
people
have
been
there.
Two
thirds
of
the
work
has
been
done.
意义一致原则
意义一致原则就是概念一致，谓语动词的形式要和主语所表达的概念一致。
集合名词people,police作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。
The
people
in
the
park
are
having
a
good
time
now.
“the
+姓氏名词复数”作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。
The
Blacks
enjoy
working
in
China.
“the
+形容词”作主语时，其谓语动词用复数。
The
young
are
very
energetic.
表示时间、距离、金额、度量/数学运算等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。Two
months
is
a
long
holiday.
Twenty
years
is
not
a
long
time.
(二十年光阴，
弹指一挥间。)
但在该主语被视为“若干单位”的情况下谓语动词用复数形式。
Twenty
years
have
passed
since
he
left.（
他离开已二十个年头了。）
and
连接的并列主语表示同一个人或物（即and后无冠词），谓语动词用单数。
6.集体名词（family,class,group等）作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。用复数形式时，意为这个集体中的各个成员，用单数时表示该个集体。
His?family?isn’t?large.??他家的人不多。??
My?family?all?like?watching?TV.?我们一家人都喜欢看电视。
7.单、复数同形的名词作主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。?A?sheep?is?over?there.?Some?sheep?are?over?there.
8..名词性物主代词做主语时，谓语动词的单复数决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。?
Your?classroom?is?small.Ours?(=our?classroom)?is?big.?
Your?shoes?are?blue,?Mine?(=?my?shoes)?are?black.?
9.定语从句中关系代词who、that、which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。?
Ｉlike?the?music?that?is?interesting.I?like?the?people?who?are?friendly.
成双成对出现的复数名词(glasses，
scissors，
shoes，
trousers，pants，gloves，stockings等)作主语时，通常谓语动词用复数，但如果前面有a/the
pair
of；a/the
suit
of等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数。
Those
trousers
are
Lucy’s.
A
pair
of
scissors
is
a
useful
tool
for
a
dressmaker.
11.有些以-s?结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news,?maths,?physics，works等。??
??No?news?is?good?news.??没有消息就是好消息。???
??Maths?is?very?popular?in?our?class??在我们班数学很受欢迎。?
就近一致原则
当主语为多个名词或代词时，谓语动词的形式和靠近它的名词或代词保持一致。
either...or...;
neither...nor...;
not...but..;not
only...but
also...或or
连接的两个主语，谓语v.遵循“就近原则”;
Tom?
or?Jack?is?wrong.??不是汤姆就是杰克错了。?
Neither
she
nor
I
am
from
Canada.我和她都不是加拿大人。
Not
only
you
but
also
your
brother
says
right.
There
be,Here
be
结构中
There?is?a?book?and?three?pens?on?the?desk.??桌子上有一本书，三只钢笔?
Here?are?some?books?and?paper?for?you.??这是给你的书和纸。
一、选择最佳答案
It
___
for
this
season
___
her
uncle
moved
out
of
New
York.
A
is,which
B
was,why
C
was,that
D
were,how
The
professor
and
author
___
come
to
our
school.
A
has
B
have
C
are
D
were
Neither
Lucy
nor
I
___
at
school
on
Sundays.
A
are
B
am
C
is
D
were
The
spy
was
being
searched
for
by
the
police
who
___
running
after
him.
A
has
been
B
were
C
are
D
was
My
family
all
___
in
for
pop
music.
A
goes
B
go
C
going
D
gone
More
than
2
million
people
___
visited
the
Pyramids
of
Egypt.
A
has
B
have
been
C
have
D
had
to
Serving
the
people
and
motherland
___
my
great
happiness.
A
is
B
am
C
were
D
are
I’m
afraid
that
he
or
you
___
taken
my
umbrella
away
by
mistake.
A
has
B
have
C
is
D
are
Each
of
the
students
working
hard
at
his
or
her
lessons
___
to
go
to
university.
A
hopes
B
hope
C
hoping
D
hoped
Every
means
___
tried
at
least
three
times.
A
have
been
B
has
been
C
are
D
were
He
together
with
his
parents,
___
to
Beijing.
A
go
B
have
gone
C
goes
D
has
gone
12.________was
wrong.
A.Not
the
teacher
but
the
students
??
B.Both
the
students
and
the
teacher
C.Neither
the
teacher
not
the
students
D.Not
the
students
but
the
teacher
13.Since
all
___
here,
let’s
begin
the
meeting.
A
is
B
was
C
were
D
are
14.Two
weeks
___
enough
for
us
to
have
a
trip
to
Tibet.
A
is
B
are
C
have
D
were
15.Tom
is
one
of
the
cowboys
who
___
that
farm
on
time.
A
reaches
B
got
C
reach
D
gets
to
16.This
is
the
one
of
the
articles
on
the
subject
___
written
in
French.
A
that
has
ever
been
B
which
have
ever
been
C
that
have
ever
been
D
which
has
ever
17.More
than
one
worker________dismissed.
A.have
been　　　　B.are　　　　C.has
been　　　　D.has
A
is
B
are
C
did
D
has
Neither
of
them
___
to
climb
the
high
tower.
A
dare
not
B
dares
C
did
not
dare
D
daring
Eighty-five
percent
of
the
students
in
our
class
___
passed
the
examination.
A
have
B
has
C
was
D
were
20.Three-fourths
of
the
surface
of
the
Earth
___
covered
with
water.
A
are
B
is
C
had
D
has
had
21.
More
than
seventy
percent
of
the
population
of
this
country
___
living
in
rural
areas.
A
is
B
has
C
are
D
have
Every
desk
and
every
chair
in
the
classroom
___
to
be
cleaned
today.
A
are
B
is
C
have
D
were
As
is
known
to
us,
the
English
___
to
talk
about
weather.
A
likes
B
like
C
loves
D
liked
Between
the
two
tall
buildings
___
a
monument.
A
stand
B
standing
C
stands
D
is
standing
Your
school
clothes
fit
you
well,
but
mine
___
me.
A
don’t
fit
B
doesn’t
fit
C
don’t
fit
for
D
aren’t
fit
Nobody
but
Jane
___
the
secret.
A
know
B
knows
C
have
known
D
is
known
27.All
but
one
___
here
just
now.
A
is
B
was
C
has
been
D
were
28.
Not
only
Mary
but
also
her
parents
___
invited
to
attend
the
meeting
last
Friday.
A
was
B
were
C
had
been
D
are
A
library
with
five
thousand
books
___
to
the
nation
as
a
gift.
A
is
offered
B
has
offered
C
are
offered
D
had
offered
When
and
where
to
build
the
new
factory
___.
A
is
not
decided
B
are
not
decided
C
has
not
decided
D
have
not
decided
31.The
test
on
spelling
___
as
your
homework.
A
is
to
be
done
B
are
to
do
C
are
to
be
done
D
will
do
32.The
rest
of
the
food
___
in
the
refrigerator.
A
is
to
keep
B
are
to
keep
C
are
to
be
kept
D
is
to
be
kept
Quite
a
number
of
the
young
___
for
the
job.
A
has
applied
B
have
applied
C
have
been
applied
D
has
been
applied
The
number
of
the
magazines
in
our
school
___.
A
is
increasing
B
are
increasing
C
being
increasing
D
have
increased
Large
quantities
of
fish
___
in
the
lake.
A
is
caught
B
have
caught
C
has
been
caught
D
have
been
caught
She
was
the
only
one
of
the
girls
who
_____late
for
class
today.
was
B.were
C.
does
D.
has
37.Every
hour
and
every
minute
______important.
are
B.
is
C.
were
D
was
38.
Many
a
boy
and
many
a
girl
_________
this
painting
yet.
haven’t
seen
B.
see
C.
hasn’t
seen
D.
doesn’t
see
Twenty
years
_________
since
he
died.
was
passed
B.
pass
C.passes
D.
have
passed
Whose
______
these
pencils
on
the
desk?
are
B.
is
C.
was
D.
have
二、单句语法填空（用括号里所给词的正确形式填空）
(2019江苏,33)They
are
trying
to
make
sure
that
5G
terminals　　???
??(install)
by
2022
for
the
Beijing
Winter
Olympics.
(2019·全国卷III)On
the
last
day
of
our
week-long
stay,we
___69___(invite)to
attend
a
private
concert
on
a
beautiful
farm
on
the
North
Shore
under
the
stars
(2018北京,9)A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
　　??
?
?(trap)
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
(2018天津,13)My
washing
machine
　　??
?
(repair)this
week,
so
I
have
to
wash
my
clothes
by
hand.
(2018江苏,30)I
was
sent
to
the
village
last
month
to
see
how
the
development
plan
　　??
?
?(carry)
out
in
the
past
two
years.
（2017·江苏）The
publication
of
Great
Expectations,
which
____
(be)
both
widely
reviewed
and
highly
praised,
strengthened
Dickens’
status
as
a
leading
novelist.
（2016?全国Ⅱ））If
you
feel
stressed
by
responsibilities
at
work,
you
should
take
a
step
back...Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
____
(be)
often
acceptable.
（2016?(全国Ⅲ)）Confucius
believed
knives
would
remind
people
of
killings
and
(be)
too
violent
for
use
at
the
table.
（2015?湖南）It
is
important
to
remember
that
success
____（be）
a
sum
of
small
efforts
made
each
day
and
often
____
(take)
years
to
achieve.
（2014?新课标全国Ⅰ）...for
most
of
us
the
____
(change)
are
gradual
and
require
a
lot
of
effort
and
work,
like
cleaning
up
a
polluted
river...
（2014?湖南）All
we
need
____
(be)
a
small
piece
of
land
where
we
can
plant
various
kinds
of
fruit
trees
throughout
the
growing
seasons
of
the
year.
（2013?湖南）The
university
estimates
that
living
expenses
for
international
students
____(be)
around
＄8,450
a
year,
which
____
(be)
a
burden
for
some
of
them.
（2013?江苏）Generally,
students'
inner
motivation
with
high
expectations
from
others
____
(be)
essential
to
their
development.
（2013?福建）The
famous
musician,
as
well
as
his
students,
____
(invite)
to
perform
at
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
2012
Taipei
Flower
Expo.
（2012?湖南）All
the
scientific
evidence
____
(show)that
increasing
use
of
chemicals
in
farming
____
(be)damaging
our
health.
（2012?陕西）The
basketball
coach,
as
well
as
his
team,
____
(be)interviewed
shortly
after
the
match
for
their
outstanding
performance.
17.（2020年浙江7月）And,
as
more
children
were
born,
more
food
_______________
(need).
18.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Then,
handle
the
most
important
tasks
first
so
you'll
feel
a
real
sense
of
achievement.
Leaving
the
less
important
things
until
tomorrow
________
(be)
often
acceptable.
19.(广东高考)He
made
cheese
and
butter
for
the
family
with
what
________
(leave)．
20.（2020年全国Ⅱ）This
is
why
decorating
with
plants,
fruits
and
flowers
__________
(carry)
special
significance.
三、短文语法填空：
Honeybee
populations
in
the
United
States
　1　(decrease)
dramatically
over
the
decades.
And
a
new
study
suggests
that
a
certain
kind
of
pesticide（杀虫剂）
could
be
making
things
　2　
(bad).?
The
number
of
honeybees
hasn’t
changed
much
over
the
past
few
years,
but
the
overall
picture
doesn’t
look
good
for
an
insect
that
plays
　3　
important
role
in
our
food
supply.
Scientists
don’t
know
for
sure
　4　
this
is
happening.
Pesticides
and
parasites
(寄生虫)are
the
most
suspected
reasons,
according
to
a
study
recently
published
in
a
scientific
journal.
One
suggests
that
neonicotinoids（类尼古丁）,
types
of
pesticides
that
　5　
(use)
around
the
world,
are
incredibly
poisonous
to
honeybees
and
other
insects.
Part
of
the
reason
for
that
is
that
these
pesticides
appear
　6　
(stick)
around
in
the
environment
and
stay
dangerous
for
a
long
period
of
time.?
Though
they’re
deadly
to
insects,
neonicotinoids
are
not
considered
dangerous
to
humans.
An
ongoing
challenge
　7　
farmers
is
finding
ways
to
keep
other
insects
away
while
　8　
(protect)bees.
Pesticides
may
not
discriminate
the
insects
they
kill,
though
neonicotinoid
makers
say
the
risk
to
bees
is
lower
when
they
are
used
properly.
The
U.S.
Department
of
Agriculture
says
it’s
　9　
(likely)
that
there’s
one
magic
　10　
(solve)
to
the
problem,
but
there
are
a
number
of
organizations
trying
to
help
honeybees.?
Since
July
2019,
China’s
online
food-delivery
platform
Eleme
11
(carry)
out
a
new
service
of
picking
up
garbage
from
its
users
in
Shanghai.
The
service
comes
after
12
recently-released
regulation
on
waste
management
in
Shanghai.
Individuals
13
throw
away
their
garbage
without
being
sorted
out
can
be
fined
up
to
200
yuan,
while
companies
and
14
(organize)
can
face
fines
up
to
50,000
yuan.
The
trash
takeaway
service
requires
residents
to
sort
15
(they)
own
garbage
before
it
16
(pick)
up
by
workers
from
Eleme,
who
will
ensure
the
waste
is
disposed
of
in
the
correct
garbage
bins.
It’s
obvious
that
this
service
is
17
(convenience)
to
the
old,
especially
to
the
disabled
customers.
18
,
many
netizens
（网民）on
Sina
Weibo
don’t
think
Eleme
is
providing
a
wonderful
service,
saying
it
just
wants
19
(make)
money.
They
think
12
yuan
for
an
order
is
too
much.
Besides,
many
more
people
doubt
if
these
collectors
will
wash
their
hands
after
dealing
20
the
trash.
选择最佳答案：
1∽5
CABBB
6∽10
CABAB
11∽15
DDDAC
16∽20
ACBAB
21∽25
CBBCA
26∽30
BDBAA
31∽35
ADBAD
36∽40
ABCDA
单句语法填空:
will
have
been
installed
2.
were
invited
had
been
trapped
4.
is
being
repaired
5.
had
been
carried
6.
was
7.
is
8.
were
9.
is;
takes
10.
changes
11.is
12.
are;is
13.
is
14.
was
invited
15.shows;is
16.
was
17.
were
needed
18.
is
19.
was
left
20.
carries
三、短文语法填空：
1.
have
decreased
2.
worse
3.
an
4.
why
5.
are
used
6.
stick
7.
for
8.
protecting
9.
unlikely
10.
solution
11.
has
carried
12.
a
13.
who/that
14.
organization
15.
their
16.
is
picked
17.
convenient
18.
However
19.
to
make
20.
with

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