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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Unit
8
How
do
you
make
a
banana
milk
shake?
Section
A
(Grammar
Focus-3c)导学案
【学习目标】
1.掌握新单词:sugar.cheese.corn.popcorn.machine.dig.hole.
2.能正确使用表示序列的副词（Adverbs
of
sequence）
3.能够掌握并使用祈使句（Imperatives）Eg.Cut
up
the
bananas.
4.能正确区分可数名词与不可数名词（Countable/uncountable
nouns）
5.能熟练运用How
much/How
many提问（How
much/How
many
questions）
【学习重点难点】
1.
The
differences
between
countable
nouns
and
uncountable
nouns.
2.
学会使用how
many和how
much分别对可数名词和不可数名词的量提问。
3.
Describe
a
process
of
making
something
using
“first，next，then，finally/at
last…”．
【学法指导】
主动读记单词、自觉背诵grammar
focus的对话、读用重点句型
【课前预习】
一、请认真预习P129中P59的单词，写出下列单词。
1.食糖n.___________
2.干酪；奶酪n.
_____________
3.爆米花n.___________
4.玉米；谷物n.
____________
5.机器n.______________6.挖；掘；凿；____________
7.洞；孔；坑n.______________
二、请根据P59的3c部分，完成以下短语的翻译。
植树
洗衣服
做牛肉面
从图书馆借书
三、熟读课本P59的Grammar
Focus,完成下列句子。
1.
你怎样制作香蕉奶昔？______do
you
______
a
banana
milk
shake?
2.
首先，剥开香蕉。________,
________
the
banana.
3.
接下来，把香蕉放进搅拌器。________,
_______
the
bananas
________the
blender.
4.
然后，把牛奶倒进搅拌器。_________
,
________
the
milk
_________
the
blender.
5.
最后，打开搅拌器。
_________,
________
_________
the
blender.
6.
我们需要多少香蕉？
_________
_________
________
do
we
need?
7.
我们需要三根香蕉。We
need
________
_________.
8.
我们需要多少酸奶？________
_________
________
do
we
need?
9.
我们需要一杯酸奶。We
need
________
________
_______
__________.
【合作探究
】
探究一：根据Grammar
Focus完成填空，我们可以总结出表示先后关系的连词。
How
do
you
make
a
banana
milk
shake?
①First,
_____
the
bananas
and
___
them
up.
②Next,
_____
the
bananas
in
the
blender.
③Then,
_____
the
milk
____
the
blender.
④Finally,
______
____
the
blender.
观察以上句子可以总结出：表示顺序的副词_____（首先......）,
______（接下来......）,
_______（然后......）,
______（最后......），可用来表达制作步骤的先后顺序。
探究二：祈使句
1.观察以下句子，我们可以总结祈使句的定义。
①Please
peel
three
bananas.
②Be
quiet,please!
③Let’s
make
fruit
salad.
④Don’t
laugh
at
others.
⑤Please
don’t
pour
any
milk
into
the
blender.
观察以上例句可知:祈使句可以表达叮嘱、劝告、禁止、请求、建议或命令等。
一般以动词_____开头,
没有时态和数的变化。否定形式是在动词原形前加______.
2.观察以下表格，我们可以总结出祈使句的肯定形式。
类型
例句
结构
Do型
Put
the
book
on
the
desk.
V_____+宾语.
Be型
Be
careful!
____+形容词.
Let型
Let
me
read
the
letter
for
you.
____+宾语+______.
[注意](1)①Please
sit
down.②Stand
up,
please.
有时为了表委婉，可在句首或句尾加________。
(2)①Do
tell
me
when
he
comes
back!②You
turn
off
the
light,
Tom!
有时为了表强调，可在句首加____或者把省略的主语_____表示出来。
3.观察以下表格，我们可以总结出祈使句的否定形式。
类型
例句
结构
Do型
Don’t
go
out
at
night.
_____+V___+宾语.
Be型
Don’t
be
late.
_____+
___+形容词.
Let型
Don’t
let
them
go.Let
us
not
talk
about
it.
_____+
___+宾+V___.____+宾语
+
___
+V原.
[注意]Never
give
up!
可以总结：祈使句有时也可加______表否定。
【即学活用】（1）_________
on
the
TV,
Jim.
I’d
like
to
watch
the
evening
news.
A.Turn
B.
Turns
C.
Turning
D.
To
turn
Jack,_______play
around
here.Your
sister
is
asleep
now.
A.doesn’t
B.not
C.no
D.don’t
探究三：可数名词和不可数名词的量的表达。
1.观察句子，我们可以总结出可数名词的用法。
①This
is
a
car./There
is
an
apple.
②Those
are
two
buses.
观察以上例句:由例句①可知，可数名词可与不定冠词______连用，____（有/无）复数形式.如：一个鸡蛋________三根香蕉________
2.观察句子，我们可以总结出不可数名词的用法。
①Do
you
like
lettuce
in
a
sandwich?
②We
can’t
see
air.
③There
are
three
pieces
of
paper
on
the
table.
④There
is
one
cup
of
tea
on
the
table.
⑤There
are
two
cups
of
coffee
on
the
table.
观察以上例句可知：不可数名词______(能/不能）用a或an修饰，不能直接和数词连用，但观察例句③④⑤可知，可以和“数词十_____＋of”结构连用，并且There
be结构中谓语动词的单复数与主语中的________
保持一致。
[注意]：不可数名词除了与“数词十量词十of”结构连用表示数量以外，还可用还可用a
lot
of/some/much/any/a
little/little来修饰，如：
There______(is/are)
some
water
in
the
bottle.
探究四.how
many与how
much的区别
①How
many
pictures
can
you
see
on
the
wall?
②How
much
water
is
there
in
the
bottle？
③How
many
cups
of
tea
are
there
on
the
table?
观察以上例句可知:对可数名词的数量提问时用__________;对不可数名词的数量提问时用___________,但对不可数名词前表示数量的名词的修饰语提问时要用__________.
【即时演练】
1.
Finish
3a
2.
Finish
3b
三分钟时间完善自己的答案；
How
to
make
popcorn
First,
_________________________.[
Next,
__________________________.
Then,
__________________________.
Finally,
_________________________.
3.
Group
work
谈论一下从事一项活动的步骤及过程。
Plant
a
tree
Make
beef
noodles
Wash
clothes
take
out
a
book
from
the
library
Model:
A:
Do
you
know
how
to
plant
a
tree?
B:
First,
dig
a
hole.
Then…
【课时小结】
1.
本课我学会了什么？
___________________________________________________________
2.
通过本课的学习，我还有哪些疑问？
___________________________________________________________
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八年级上册英语
Unit8
How
do
you
make
a
banana
milk
shake?
Section
A
Grammar
Focus-3c优质课件
Let's
cook
delicious
food!
Revison:
fruit
salad
milk
shake
Russian
soup
First,
peel
the
bananas.
Next,
cut
up
the
bananas.
Then,
put
the
bananas
and
ice
cream
into
the
blender.
Next,
pour
the
milk
into
the
blender.
Then,
turn
on
the
blender.
Finally,
drink
the
milk
shake.
How
do
you
make
a
banana
milk
shake?
How
to
make
fruit
salad?
First,
wash
all
the
fruits
.
Then,
cut
the
fruit
into
small
pieces
and
put
all
in
a
bowl.
After
that,
pour
the
yogurt
into
the
bowl
.
Next,
add
some
honey
and
mix
them
all
up
.
Finally,
enjoy
the
fruit
salad.
Next,
peel
the
fruit.
2.
Then,
cut
up
the
vegetables.
1.
First,
buy
some
beef,
one
cabbage,
four
carrots,
three
potatoes,
five
tomatoes
and
one
onion.
3.
Next,
put
the
beef,
carrots
and
potatoes
into
a
pot
and
add
some
water.
4.
After
that,
cook
them
for
30
minutes.
5.
Then
add
the
cabbage,
tomatoes
and
onion
and
cook
for
another
10
minutes.
6.
Finally,
don’t
forget
to
add
some
salt.
How
to
make
Russian
soup?
小组派代表到讲台上，讲解如何制作......，本组组员可以给这两位同学提供帮助。看哪一组用时最少，做的最美味。可能用的语言结构：
Hello,
everyone!
Now
let
me
tell
you
how
to
make….
First,
Next,
Then,
After
that,
Finally
(At
last),
Group
Using
Time
Delicious
Group1(...
team)
Group2(...
team)
Groupwork:
How
do
you
make
a
banana
milk
shake?
First,
peel
the
bananas.
Next,
put
the
bananas
in
the
blender.
Then,
pour
the
milk
into
the
blender.
Finally,
turn
on
the
blender.
Pay
attention
to
the
words
below.
表示顺序的副词First...（首先......）,
next...（接下来......）,
then...（然后......）,
finally...（最后......）.，可用来表达制作步骤的先后顺序。
Do
you
know
other
words
to
show
sequences
(顺序)?
1.
首先:
first,
at
first,
first
of
all,
firstly
2.
然后:
next,
after
that,
then,
afterwards
3.
最后:
finally,
at
last,
in
the
end
祈使句
祈使句的结构及用法：
祈使句可以表达叮嘱、劝告、禁止、请求、建议或命令等。
特点：常以动词原形开头,
没有时态和数的变化；暗含的主语是you,
但通常省略。
句末用感叹号或句号，读降调。
e.g.
Drink
the
milk…
Cup
up
the
watermelon…
Pour
some
water…
Put
some
water
in/into…
Peel
the
apple…
Cook
the
meat
for
…
Don’t
bring
food
to
the
museum.??
肯定的祈使句
(1)
动词原形+其他
e.g.
Stand
up,
please.
=Please
stand
up.
请起立。
(2)
Be+adj.
e.g.
Be
careful!=Look
out!
=Take
care!
小心
/
当心！
(3)
Let’s+动词原形
e.g.
Let’s
go
to
school
together.
咱们一起上学去吧。
否定的祈使句
(1)
Don’t
+
动词原形
Don’t
stand
up.
别站起来。
Don’t
be
careless.
别粗心。
Don’t
let
them
play
with
fire.
别让他们玩火。
(2)
Let’s
(let
sb.)+not+动词原形
Let’s
not
say
anything
about
it.
对于这件事，咱们什么也别说。
Let
them
not
play
with
fire.
别让他们玩火。
注意：
(1)为了表示委婉的语气可在句首或句尾加上please，但please加在句尾时，前面要用逗号隔开。
eg：Please
sit
down.
请坐。
Stand
up，please.
请起立。
(2)在意思较为明显的情况下，可把谓语动词省去。
eg：This
way，please.请这边走。
(3)“No
+
名词或动名词”也是祈使句的一种，表示“禁止”，含否定含义，经常用于公共场合。
No
photos.禁止拍照。
No
smoking.禁止吸烟。
(4)某些名词、形容词或副词等后面加感叹号，也可作为祈使句。
Hands
up!
举起手！　
Taxi!
出租车！
Countable
nouns
Uncountable
nouns
How
many
bananas
do
we
need?
How
much
yogurt
do
we
need?
We
need
three
bananas.
We
need
one
cup
of
yogurt.
How
do
we
ask
and
answer
about
quantities?
Pay
attention
to
the
words
below.
how
many
&
how
much
how
many
提问可数名词的数量
How
many
flowers
do
you
want?
how
much
提问不可数名词的数量
How
much
milk
did
she
drink?
提问价格，主语既可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词
How
much
are
the
flowers?
How
much
is
the
milk?
可数名词
不可数名词
单复数形式
有单复数之分
没有复数形式
修饰词
a/an，具体数词以及many,
few,
a
few,
some,
any,
a
lot
of,
lots
of等
much,
little,
a
little,
some,
any,
a
lot
of,
lots
of等以及表示量的短语（a
cup/
glass
of）
提问（数）量
用how
many
用how
much
作主语
单数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；复数形式作主语，谓语动词用复数形式
谓语动词用单数形式
可数名词和不可数名词的辨析
(1)一般的名词变复数,
直接在词尾加-s。
如：book------books
，cup-----cups
(2)以辅音字母+y结尾的，先变y为i再加es
如：city-------cities
，family-----families
(3)以s、x、sh、ch结尾的加es
如：bus-----buses
，wish------wishes
，watch------watches
注意：元音字母+y
结尾的名词，直接在词尾加-s。
如：monkey----monkeys
boy----boys
可数名词复数的变化规则规则变化：
(4)以o
结尾的名词,
有生命的物质的名词,
加-es
如：tomato-----tomatoes，potato------potatoes
，
hero-----heroes
以o
结尾的名词，无生命的物质的名词,
加-s
如：zoo-----zoos，video------videos
，
radio-----radios
口诀：英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和土豆（potato）
(5)以f或fe
结尾的，先把f、fe变成v再加es
如：leaf----leaves，self---selves，life----lives，thief---thieves
口诀：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄，妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去杀牛（calf）；架（shelf）后窜出一只狼（wolf），就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）忙））
(1)
元音或词尾发生变化：
如：child--_________,
mouse--
_________，
man--________,
woman--_________,
foot--_________,
tooth--_________,
goose--_________
policeman--___________,
Frenchman--_________
Englishman--_________
口诀：男士(man)、女士(woman)a变e;鹅(goose)牙(tooth)脚(foot)双o双e;孩子们(child)想去天安门，原形后面r、e、n）
children
mice
men
women
feet
teeth
geese
policemen
Frenchmen
Englishmen
可数名词复数的变化规则不规则变化：
(2)
单复数同形：
如：deer---deer
fish----fish
sheep----sheep
Chinese
----Chinese
Japanese---Japanese
yuan---yuan
口诀：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）警察（police）好友（people）来聚会，鹿（deep）、羊（sheep）、鱼（fish）、牛（cattle）齐齐把家回
注意：(1)
glasses,
shoes,
socks,
trousers,
gloves等名词往往用复数形式，故谓语用复数。如：The
trousers
are
very
cheap
and
I
want
to
take
them.
(2)
maths,
news等虽然有s结尾，但不是复数，因此谓语仍用单数，如：The
news
is
very
exciting.
(3)
“某国人”的复数形式
“中日不变英法变，其余s加后边”
国家名
国籍
单数
复数
China
中国人
a
Chinese
two
Chinese
Japan
日本人
a
Japanese
two
Japanese
England
英国人
an
Englishman
two
Englishmen
France
法国人
a
Frenchman
two
Frenchmen
Australia
澳大利亚人
an
Australian
two
Australians
Russia
俄国人
a
Russian
two
Russians
Italy
意大利人
an
Italian
two
Italians
America
美国人
an
American
two
Americans
India
印度人
an
Indian
two
Indians
Canada
加拿大人
a
Canadian
two
Canadians
Germany
德国人
a
German
two
Germans
可数名词复数的变化规则
通常情况下，当一个名词作定语修饰另一个名词时，变复数时只把后一个名词变为复数。
但当man
或woman修饰另一个名词时，
变复数时要把man或woman和另一个名词一起变为复数。
an
apple
tree---apple
trees
苹果树
a
woman
leader
----women
leaders
女领导
a
man
doctor---men
doctors
男医生
中考链接
1.（湖南怀化)There
are
many
old_____
and
______in
the
park.
A.
man,
children
B.
men,
child
C.
men,
children
2.（四川凉山）Many
foreigners
came
to
our
school
last
week,
including
three
_________
and
four_________
.
A.
German,
American
B.
Germans,
American
C.
Germans,
Americans
D.
German,
Americans
3.（甘肃武威)?根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
Too
much
sugar
is
bad
for
your
__________(
tooth).
4.（湖南常德)语法填空
John
likes
______________
(strawberry)
very
much.
5.（江苏宿迁)根据句意或句子的语法要求，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
—
Can
I
help
you,
sir?
—
A
box
of
__________
(tomato),
please.
teeth
strawberries
tomatoes
不可数名词
物质名词一般是不可数名词，它们所表示的事物不能用数来计数。如：rice,
milk,
yogurt,
beef,
…
1.不可数名词可以用much,
a
little
,
a
bit
of
,
some,
any,
a
lot
of/lots
of等表示多少
如：some
tea一些茶,a
little
bread一点儿面包,
much
meat许多肉，a
lot
of
water大量的水
2.不可数名词的具体数量可以用适当的量词（由普通名词充当）作单位来表示，结构为“数词
+
量词（普通名词）+?of?+?不可数名词”。
常用的词有cup(杯),glass(玻璃杯),bottle(瓶),piece(片)，bag（袋）等。
其单复数变化就体现在量词上。
a
bottle
of
orange一瓶橙汁,
two
pieces
of
meat
两块肉
three
bags
of
rice三袋米
a
bottle
of
a
can/tin
of
a
spoon
of
a
cup/glass
of
a
bar
of
a
loaf
of
a
bag
of
a
drop
of
For
countable
nouns,
you
may
need:
中考链接
1.（天水)There
are
many
websites
on
the
Internet
and
there
________
a
lot
of
useful
________
on
the
websites.
A.are;
informations
B.
are;
information
C.
is;
information
D.
is;
informations
2.语法填空
A
pair
of
shoes
_______(be)
under
the
bed
.
Two
pieces
of
paper
_______(be)
on
the
desk.
is?
are?
定义：在某些情况下能计数，在某些情况下不能计数的名词。
e.g.
（1）a
chicken
一只鸡
chicken
鸡肉
（2）an
ice
cream
一个冰淇淋
ice
cream
冰淇淋（指成份）
（3）a
salad
一碟沙拉
salad
沙拉（指成份）
既可数又不可数的名词
【活学活用】
根据句意，用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.
The
________(apple)
on
the
tree
are
red.
2.
He
likes
___________(vegetable),
but
I
don’t
like
them.
3.
Here’s
some
________(rice).
4.
How
about
________(fish)?
Do
you
like
them?
5.
Look!
There
are
five
________(egg)
on
the
table.
6.
Cindy
doesn’t
like
eating
________(chicken),
because
she
likes
________
(chicken).
apples?
vegetables
rice?
fish
eggs?
chicken?
chickens?
1.
How
(
much
/many)
bananas
do
we
need?
2.
How
(much
/
many)
sugar
do
we
need?
3.
How
(
much
/
many)
bread
do
we
need?
4.
How
(
much
/
many)
tomatoes
do
we
need?
5.
How
(
much
/many)
cheese
do
we
need?
3a:Circle
the
correct
word
in
each
question.
糖
奶酪
Let's
make
popcorn.
popcorn
salt
popcorn
popper
bowl
corn
We
need
___________.
1._____do
you
make
popcorn?
2.__________corn
do
we
need?
3.______
do
we
do
next?
4.___________salt
do
we
need?
5.Now
can
we
eat
it?
How
much
How
How
much
What
3b:Complete
the
questions
and
answers.
Then
match
them.
b.
First,
put
the
corn
into
the
popcorn
machine.
___
1.
How
do
you
make
popcorn?
___
2.
How
much
corn
do
we
need?
___
3.
What
do
we
do
next?
___
4.
How
much
salt
do
we
need?
___
5.
Now
can
we
eat
it?
c.
Yes,
we
can!
a.
Half
a
cup.
d.
Next,
turn
on
the
machine.
Finally,
add
the
salt.
e.
Just
one
spoon.
a
d
e
c
b
First,
...
Next,
…
Finally,
…
And
you
can
eat
it
now.
Do
you
know
how
to
make
popcorn?
3c:Write
how
to
do
one
of
the
following
things.
Then
tell
your
partner
how
to
do
it.
指导：
1.
根据生活经验，将如何做这些事情的过程写出来。
2.
恰当运用first,
next,
then,
finally等表示事情顺序的词汇,
让你的描述更加清晰。
plant
a
tree
make
beef
noodles
wash
clothes
take
out
a
book
from
the
library
Boil
the
noodles.
Put
the
ingredients
into
the
noodles.
Add
salt
to
the
noodles.
Eat
the
noodles.
Cut
up
the
tomatoes
and
beef.
Example
Dig
a
hole.
Put
the
tree
in
the
hole.
Put
the
soil
back
into
the
hole.
Example
Water
the
tree.
It’s
OK
now.
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