资源简介

Unit
24
Society
花更少的钱办更多的事，省钱才是硬道理。
5
Things
You
Must
Buy
Only
during
Sales
and
Save
Money
We
assume
that
most
of
our
readers
are
really
smart
shoppers，but
there
may
be
some
of
you
who
might
be
missing
the
mark
of
getting
great
deals
only
because
of
bad
timing.Yes，we're
talking
about
the
top
5
items
you
should
buy
only
when
there's
a
sale
going
on.
1．Winter
clothes
Are
you
making
the
mistake
of
buying
those
expensive
fur
coats，windglasses，snow
boots，hand
gloves
and
all
other
winter
accessories
during
winter
time?
That's
a
terrible
mistake
to
make，folks.This
is
a
top
item
that
should
be
bought
only
during
sales
because
its
original
price
is
really
very
high.If
you
plan
your
shopping
just
a
little
bit
in
advance
of
winter，you
can
save
lots
of
money.
2．Books
With
the
e?book
becoming
more
and
more
popular，buying
and
reading
books
are
becoming
extinct.The
reason
why
this
item
should
be
bought
only
during
sales
is
that
it
will
give
you
the
best
value
for
money.Also，with
books
causing
storage
problems
and
magazines
being
good
only
for
one
time
reading，buying
these
items
during
sales
is
the
best
way
to
go.
3.Cosmetics
All
the
women
out
there
will
be
flabbergasted
when
they
see
the
kind
of
variety
and
the
rates
at
which
otherwise
expensive
cosmetics
from
brands
like
Dior，Maybelline，Revlon，M.A.C
and
the
likes
are
available
during
sales
time.Quit
throwing
off
all
your
hard
earned
money
on
such
expensive
cosmetics
and
insist
on
buying
these
items
only
during
sales
to
get
great
prices
and
bargains.
4．Refurbished
electronic
appliances
and
gadgets
Electronic
appliances
and
gadgets
are
items
you
must
buy
only
during
sales
time
from
the
refurbished
division
because
paying
a
large
price
tag
for
its
original
cost
is
just
a
waste
of
money.After
holiday
season
when
a
lot
of
people
return
unwanted
gifts，they
all
hit
the
refurbished
section
and
the
prices
are
greatly
cut
down.Now，that's
a
good
enough
reason
for
you
to
buy
these
items
only
during
the
sales，isn't
it?
5．Alcohol
Of
course，we
don't
expect
you
to
buy
your
regular
supplies
of
affordable
wine
and
beer
during
sales.But
friends，for
those
occasional
parties，we're
sure
you'd
need
to
stock
up
with
some
good
champagne，fine
wine
and
heavily
priced
alcohol，right?
We
suggest
you
buy
a
stock
of
expensive
alcohol
only
during
sales
time，especially
in
and
around
holiday
season
to
get
great
rates.
[阅读障碍词]
1．accessory
n．
附件
2．cosmetic
n.
化妆品
3．insist
on
坚持
4．refurbish
vt.
翻新；刷新；擦亮；使清洁；整修
5．cut
down
削减；降价
[诱思导读]
1．In
what
time
is
better
to
buy
expensive
fur
coats?
In
advance
of
winter.
2．Why
are
buying
and
reading
books
becoming
extinct?
Because
the
e?book
is
becoming
popular.
Section
Ⅰ　Reading(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
(　　)1.homelessness
A．adj.未住人的；空置的
(　　)2.deposit
B．n.所有权
(　　)3.signature
C．v.辞职
(　　)4.govern
D．n.重担，负担
(　　)5.ownership
E．vi.(使)收缩，缩小
(　　)6.burden
F．vi.窒息，噎住
(　　)7.vacant
G．n.签名
(　　)8.resign
H．n.无家可归
(　　)9.choke
I．v.存储，储蓄
(　　)10.shrink
J．vt.统治，管理
[答案]　1－5　HIGJB　6－10　DACFE
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
(　　)1.The
room
looked
in
a
mess,
as
if
a
bomb
had
fallen
on
it.
(　　)2.The
average
person
is
a
lot
better
off
than
they
were
forty
years
age.
(　　)3.Many
people
were
trapped
in
buildings
before
they
could
be
rescued.
(　　)4.The
Kingdom
of
Italy
formally
came
into
being
on
17
March
1861.
(　　)5.We
came
to
this
small
town
in
the
hope
of
living
a
simple
life.
(　　)6.The
number
of
violent
crime
is
on
the
decrease.
[答案]　1－6　CFEBAD
Spend,
Spend,
Spend
Many
of
us
in
developed
societies
are
trapped
in①
a
spending
circle.We
work
hard
so
that
we
can
earn
more
money.When
we
have
more
money,
we
spend
more
and
because
we
spend
more,
we
have
to
work
even
harder.Sometimes
we
try
to
deposit
a
little
or
change
our
money
into
different
countries'
currencies(货币)
in
the
hope
that②
we
can
make
even
more
money.But
strangely
enough,
the
more
money
we
earn,
the
less
often
we
see
it.Instead,
we
start
putting
our
signatures
on
credit
cards
and
spending
money
we
don't
even
have.Besides,
we're
all
taxpayers(纳税人)
so
the
more
we
earn
the
more
tax
we
have
to
pay
to
those
who
govern
us.Thus,
the
circle
goes
round
and
round
and
gets
more
and
more
complicated.
花钱，花钱，花钱
在发达社会，我们中的很多人陷入了一种消费的怪圈中。我们努力工作挣更多的钱，我们钱挣得越多，花的就越多。由于花钱更多，我们又要加倍努力工作。有时，我们试着储蓄一些钱或者将钱兑换成不同国家的货币，希望能够赚更多的钱。但是很奇怪，我们挣得钱越多，见到钱的次数越少。相反，我们开始在信用卡上签名，花我们甚至还不曾拥有的钱。除此以外，我们都是纳税人，因此我们挣的钱越多，就要向政府交更多的税。就这样，这个怪圈不断地循环着，变得越来越复杂。
[助读讲解]①be
trapped
in被困在……中，陷入……的困境。②in
the
hope
that...怀着……的希望。
In
this
spending
circle,
on
the
one
hand,
we
accumulate(积累)
possessions
but
never
feel
like
we
have
enough.On
the
other
hand,
we
work
towards
the
ownership
of
bigger
and
better
houses
and
cars
and
never
have
time
to
enjoy
them.Instead,
they
feel
like
a
burden(负担)
because
every
month
we
have
to
hand
over
most
of
the
money
we
earn
to
pay
for
them③.And
the
result
of
all
this?
Not
increased
happiness,
but
stress
and
less
free
time
to
be
ourselves
and
enjoy
being
with
our
friends
and
families.
在这个消费怪圈里，我们一方面积累财产但是永远感觉不到满足。另一方面，我们努力工作想拥有更大更好的房子、汽车，但是却没有时间去享用它们，相反，感觉它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分钱支付它们。而这一切的结果呢？我们不是更幸福了，而是压力增加了，留给自己和朋友、家人相处的时间更少了。
[助读讲解]　③because引导原因状语从句；we
earn是定语从句修饰the
money。
Surely
we're
still
better
off④
than
those
who
wear
rags(破旧衣服)
and
sleep
on
the
streets
or
in
vacant
buildings,
but
there
is
a
growing
resistance(抵制)
to
this
consumer
society
which
is
especially
affecting
the
youth
of
today
with
their
computers,
i?pods,
designer
clothes
and
mobile
phones.Protest
groups
are
insisting
that
some
of
our
money
be
given
to
the
third
world⑤.Trade
unions
demand
that
the
government
shorten
the
working
week.They
are
also
suggesting
that
people
should
share
work
and
thus
reduce
unemployment.If
laws
such
as
these
came
into
being,
a
huge
adjustment(调整)
would
be
required
and
there
would
certainly
be
diverse(各种各样的)
reactions.But
many
feel
it
would
be
worth
it.
当然我们仍旧比那些穿着破衣烂衫，睡在街道上或者空置的大楼里的人生活得要好得多。但是现在，尤其是年轻人特别容易受到电脑、i?pod、名牌服饰和移动电话等的影响，所以越来越多的人开始抵制这种消费社会。反对团体坚持我们的一些钱应该支援第三世界(国家)。工会要求政府缩短每周工作时间，他们还建议人民应该分享工作来减少失业。如果产生了类似这样的法律，那么生活就要做很多调整，反响肯定是各种各样的。但是很多人觉得这是值得的。
[助读讲解]　④be
better
off比较宽裕。⑤insist后面跟宾语从句，从句省略了should。
As
a
society，it's
high
time
that
we
took⑥
these
issues
more
seriously.We
should
insist
that
advertising
is
more
controlled,
especially
advertising
aimed
at
children⑦.We
should
also
make
sure
that
there
are
better
ways
for
young
people
to
use
their
free
time
apart
from
spending
money.On
a
personal
level,
we
ought
to
visit
the
shops
less
and
worry
less
about
image.Above
all,
we
should
remember
that
“being”
and
“doing”
are
much
more
important
than
“having”．
作为一个社会，现在正是我们应该认真考虑这些问题的时候了。我们应该坚持对广告采取更多的控制，尤其控制那些针对儿童的广告。我们还应该确保，除了花钱以外，年轻人有更好的方式来打发他们的业余时间。从个人角度来说，我们应该少逛商店，不要那么在意自己的形象。最重要的是，我们应该记住“做人”和“做事”比“拥有”更重要的多。
[助读讲解]　⑥It's
time
that
sb.did
sth.句型，表示“正是某人做某事的时候了”，从句用过去式或should＋动词原形。⑦此处是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰advertising。
第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P34教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1　
A．It's
time
that
we
took
the
issues
more
seriously.
2．Para.2
B．What
is
a
spending
circle.
3．Para.3　
C．Growing
resistance
to
this
consumer
society.
4．Para.4　
D．The
result
of
a
spending
circle.
[答案]　1－4　BDCA
第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P34教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Why
do
people
change
their
money
into
different
countries'
currencies?
A．They
hope
to
make
even
more
money.
B．They
hope
to
buy
goods
in
lower
prices.
C．They
hope
to
live
easily
and
happily.
D．They
hope
to
go
abroad
in
a
simple
way.
2．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
right?
A．In
order
to
earn
more
money，we
work
hard.
B．The
more
money
we
have，the
less
we
spend.
C．When
we
spend
more，we
have
to
work
even
harder.
D．The
more
money
we
earn，the
more
tax
we
have
to
pay.
3．Why
do
they
consider
the
bigger
and
better
cars
as
a
burden?
A．They
must
pay
more
money
for
them.
B．The
cars
use
too
much
water.
C．There
is
no
place
to
park
them.
D．They
had
no
time
to
drive
them.
4．What
do
the
protest
groups
insist?
A．Some
of
our
money
should
be
given
to
the
children.
B．Some
of
our
money
should
be
given
to
the
students.
C．Some
of
our
money
should
be
given
to
the
third
world.
D．Some
of
our
money
should
be
given
to
the
consumers.
5．Which
is
right
according
to
the
last
paragraph?
A．To
visit
the
shops
more
and
more
often.
B．To
support
the
people
to
spend
more
money.
C．To
encourage
people
to
earn
less
money.
D．To
control
advertisements，especially
the
ones
aimed
at
children.
[答案]　1－5　ABACD
第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考
根据P34教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Many
of
us
in
developed
societies
1.are
trapped(trap)
in
a
spending
circle.
The
more
money
we
earn,
the
more
we
spend.
So
we
have
to
work
2.harder(hard).
We
even
use
the
money
we
don't
have
through
credit
cards.
And
we
have
to
pay
more
tax
when
we
earn
more
money.
In
this
spending
circle,
we
accumulate
3.possessions(possess)
but
never
feel
like
we
have
enough.
And
the
better
houses
and
cars
turn
into
a
burden
to
us.
4.So
in
the
end,
not
increased
happiness,
but
stress
and
less
free
time
to
be
ourselves
and
enjoy
5.being(be)
with
our
friends
and
families.
There
is
a
growing
6.resistance(resist)
to
this
consumer
society
7.which
is
especially
affecting
the
youth
of
today.
Some
protest
groups
think
we
should
give
part
of
our
money
to
the
third
world.
And
the
government
should
8.shorten(short)
the
working
week.
People
should
share
work
to
reduce
unemployment.
It's
high
time
that
we
9.should
take/took(take)
these
issues
more
seriously.
We
should
remember
that
“being”
and
“doing”
are
much
more
important
10.than
“having”．
PAGEUnit
24
Society
Section
Ⅱ　Language
Points
(Ⅰ)
(Warm?up
&
Lesson
1)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．Having
lost
his
job，he'd
begun
to
interest
himself
in
local
voluntary(自愿的)
work.
2．How
much
cash
do
you
plan
to
deposit(储蓄)
in
your
account?
3．The
country
is
governed(统治)
by
elected
representa?tives
of
people.
4．In
sharing
this
secret，you
lighten
your
burden(负担)．
5．There
used
to
be
inequality(不平等)
between
men
and
women.
6．Not
having
been
cleaned
for
a
long
time,
lots
of
dust
accumulated
on
the
table.
7．There
are
many
people
in
the
bus
and
no
vacant
seats.
8．Because
a
lot
of
people
were
against
his
plan，he
decided
to
resign．
9．I
have
much
sympathy
with
those
homeless
people.
10．The
building
houses
a
wide
and
diverse
variety
of
antiques.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．equal
adj.平等的；胜任的→equality
n．平等→inequality
n．不平等
2．voluntary
adj.自愿的→voluntarily
adv.自愿地→volunteer
v．自愿做
n．志愿者
3．abundant
adj.大量的，充裕的，丰富的→abundantly
adv.大量地→abundance
n．充裕；丰富
4．accumulate
v．积累→accumulative
adj.累积的，逐渐增加的→accumulation
n．积累
5．adjust
vi.调整；调节→adjustment
n．调整，调节→adjustable
adj.可调整的，可调节的
6．diverse
adj.各种各样的→diversity
n．多样性，多元体
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．on
the
decrease
在减少
2．come
into
being
产生，形成
3．be
trapped
in
陷入，被困在……
4．on
the
one
hand...on
the
other
hand
一方面……；另一方面……
5．wind
sb.up
故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)
6．better
off
境况良好；富裕
7．in
the
hope
that
抱着……的希望
8．in
a
mess
杂乱无章；脏乱不堪
Ⅳ.选词填空
用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．Don't
worry
about
what
Colin
says;
he's
only
trying
to
wind
you
up．
2．When
did
the
Roman
Empire
come
into
being?
3．A
local
newspaper
remarked
that
crime
was
on
the
decrease．
4．Families
will
be
better
off
under
the
new
law.
5．When
the
accident
happened，they
were
trapped
in
the
lift.
in?＋n.→vt.
be＋过去分词＋in→复合短语
inability
无能，无力inaction
无行动，不采取措施inadequacy
不充足，不足，不够
be
absorbed
in
沉溺于be
buried
in
专心于be
dressed
in
穿着……
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.Not
increased
happiness，but
stress
and
less
free
time
to
be
ourselves
and
enjoy
being
with
our
friends
and
families.我们不是更幸福了，而是压力增加了，留给自己和与朋友、家人相处的时间更少了。
not...
but...不是……而是……，用于连接平行结构。
(2019·全国卷Ⅲ·短文改错)What
I
want
is
not
just
an
ordinary
cafe
but
a
very
special/one.我想要的不仅是一个普通的咖啡馆，而是一个非常特殊的。
2.As
a
society，it's
high
time
that
we
took
these
issues
more
seriously.作为一个社会，现在正是我们应该认真考虑这些问题的时候了。
It's
high
time
that
sb.
did
sth.到了某人做某事的时候了，that从句用一般过去式虚拟语气(或should
do)。
It's
high
time
that
they
came
home
for
dinner.到了他回家吃饭的时候了。
3.Jim
should
see
a
doctor
before
it
gets
any
worse.在情况变得更糟糕之前吉姆应该去看医生。
before为连词，意为“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句。
He
left
before
I
could
explain
it
to
him.我还未来得及向他解释他就离开了。
abundant
adj.大量的；丰富的；充裕的
(教材P137)There
have
also
sadly
been
abundant
cases
of
violence
at
home.
不幸的是，也存在着大量的家庭暴力案件。
(1)be
abundant
in/with
富有……
(2)abundance
n.
丰富；充裕
in
abundance
大量；丰富
an
abundance
of
丰富的……
①China
is
abundant
in
natural
resources.
中国有丰富的自然资源。
②At
the
party
there
was
food
and
drink
in
abundance.
宴会上有大量的食物和饮料。
③Hawaii's
natural
beauty,
pleasant
climate,
abundance(abundant)
of
public
beaches,
oceanic
surroundings
make
it
a
popular
destination
for
tourists.
夏威夷的自然风光、宜人的气候、大量的公共海滩、海洋环境使其成为游客的热门之选。
deposit
vt.&
vi.存储；储蓄；寄存；使沉淀
n．寄存物；存款；押金；沉积物
(教材P34)Sometimes
we
try
to
deposit
a
little
or
change
our
money
into
different
countries'
currencies
in
the
hope
that
we
can
make
even
more
money.
有时，我们试着储蓄一些钱或者将钱兑换成不同国家的货币，希望能够赚更多的钱。
(1)deposit...in/into/on
将……存入；把……放在
(2)make
a
deposit(of)
办理(多少)存款
put
down
a
deposit(on)
付(……)定金
on
deposit
(被)储存着
①I
put
down
a
deposit
on
a
car
last
week.
上周我付了汽车的定金。
②They
have
a
lot
of
money
on
deposit
at
the
bank.
他们在银行里存了许多钱。
accumulate
v.
积累；堆积
(教材P34)In
this
spending
circle，on
the
one
hand，we
accumulate
possessions
but
never
feel
like
we
have
enough.
在这个消费怪圈里，我们一方面积累财产但是永远感觉不到满足。
accumulation
n．
积累
accumulative
adj.
渐增的，累积的
①The
accumulation(accumulate)
of
data
for
his
paper
cost
him
many
sleepless
nights.
他用了许多个不眠之夜来为他的论文搜集资料。
[明辨异同]　accumulate/collect/gather
accumulate
着重强调量的“堆积、积累”。
collect
指有计划的、有条理的“搜集”。
gather
通常指把分散的人或物聚集在一起。
　accumulate，collect，gather
②People
gathered
round，curious
to
know
what
was
happening.
③In
the
past
years，the
professor
has
collected
a
lot
of
facts
about
this
disease.
④By
investing
wisely
she
accumulated
a
fortune.
burden
n.
重担；负担
(教材P34)Instead，they
feel
like
a
burden
because
every
month
we
have
to
hand
over
most
of
the
money
we
earn
to
pay
for
them.
相反，感觉它们就像一种负担，因为我们每月都要将挣来的大部分钱支付它们。
(1)be
a
burden
to
sb.
成为某人的负担
(2)burden
vt.
负担；背负
burden
sb./oneself
with
sth.
使某人负担某事
(3)be
burdened
by
被……所困扰；承受……的负担
be
burdened
with
背负着；负载着
①Her
sick
grandfather
is
becoming
a
burden
to
her.
她生病的爷爷渐渐成了她的负担。
②The
government
burdened
the
nation
with
heavy
taxes.
政府使国民负担重税。
③He
was
burdened(burden)
with
a
heavy
box
on
his
back.
他背上背着一个很重的箱子。
vacant
adj.
(座位或职位)空着的，无人占用的
(教材P34)Surely
we're
still
better
off
than
those
who
wear
rags
and
sleep
on
the
streets
or
in
vacant
buildings，but...
当然我们仍旧比那些穿着破衣烂衫、睡在街道上或者空置的大楼里的人生活得要好很多，但是……
a
vacant
seat
　空位
a
vacant
position/post
空缺职位
a
vacant
expression/look
茫然的表情
vacancy
n.
[C]
(职位的)空缺，空职
①The
number
of
vacant
posts
has
largely
increased
compared
to
the
same
period
of
last
year.
空缺职位的数量与去年同期相比大幅增加。
②He
stared
into
space
with
a
vacant
expression.
他茫然地凝视着天空。
[明辨异同]　vacant/empty
vacant
作“空着的”解时，多指房屋、设备等未被使用、无人占用。
empty
作“空的”解时，则表示空无一人、空无一物等，即with
nothing
in
it。
　empty，vacant
③The
house
has
been
vacant
for
about
a
year.
④The
house
was
empty；we
had
to
buy
some
furniture.
come
into
being
形成；存在；生存
(教材P34)If
laws
such
as
these
came
into
being，a
huge
adjustment
would
be
required
and
there
would
certainly
be
diverse
reactions.
如果产生了类似这样的法律，那么生活就要做很多调整，反响肯定是各种各样的。
come
into
force/effect
生效；实施
come
into
existence
形成；存在
come
into
operation
开始实行
come
into
sight/view
看到
come
into
fashion
流行
come
into
power
执政
①The
new
tax
rates
will
come
into
effect
from
April.
新税率将从4月开始生效。
②The
new
type
of
cellphone
comes
into
fashion
this
year.
今年流行这款新型手机。
wind
sb.up
故意惹恼(某人，尤指开玩笑)
(教材P138)You're
just
trying
to
wind
me
up，aren't
you?
你只是在故意惹我生气，不是吗？
wind
sth.up
结束(会议、活动等)
wind
up
(doing...)
以……告终；落得……的下场
wind
down
使逐步结束；摇下；平静下来，放松
①The
government
is
winding
down
its
nuclear
programme.
政府正逐步取消核计划。
②We
eventually
wound
up
staying(stay)
in
a
little
hotel
a
few
miles
from
town.
我们最后在离城几英里的一家小旅馆里落脚。
resign
vt.&
vi.辞职；使听从；委托
(教材P35)His
boss
insisted
that
he
work
longer
hours
so
he
resigned.
他的老板坚持要求他工作更长时间，所以他辞职了。
resign
from/as
辞职；辞去(某职务)
resign
oneself
to
(doing)
sth.
听从……；顺从……(to为介词)
resign...to...
把……托付给……
①Five
prime
ministers
have
resigned
from
their
positions
in
Japan
in
the
past
six
years.
在过去的六年中，有五位日本首相辞职。
②We
had
to
resign
ourselves
to
making(make)
a
loss
on
the
sale.
我们只好接受销售造成的亏损。
)
(教材P34)As
a
society，it's
high
time
that
we
took
these
issues
more
seriously．作为一个社会，现在正是我们应该认真考虑这些问题的时候了。
【要点提炼】　It's
time(that)...“现在该……”，句式中time前可加high，about等修饰词，用法不变。其后接that从句时要用虚拟语气，从句中的谓语用过去式或“should＋动词原形”，注意should不能省略。
It's
time
for
sth.　　　
是……的时候了
It's
time
(for
sb.)to
do
sth.
该是(某人)做某事的时候了
It/This
is＋序数词＋time＋that...从句中用现在完成时
It/That
was＋序数词＋time＋that...从句中用过去完成时
①It's
time
for
lunch.
该吃午饭了。
②It's
time
for
us
to
go(go)
to
school.
我们该上学了。
③This
is
the
first
time
that
I
have
visited(visit)
Weihai.
这是我第一次游览威海。
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
①We
should
insist
that
advertising
is
more
controlled,
especially
advertising
aimed
at
children.②On
a
personal
level,
we
ought
to
visit
the
shops
less
and
worry
less
about
image.③As
a
society,
it's
high
time
that
we
took/should
take
these
issues
more
seriously.④Protest
groups
are
insisting
that
some
of
our
money
be
given
to
the
third
world.⑤If
laws
such
as
these
came
into
being,
a
huge
adjustment
would
be
required...
后自主感悟
1.句①、句②用情态动词should/ought
to表示“建议”。2.句③用It
is/was(high/about)time
that...句型表示“建议”。其中的that从句谓语动词用一般过去式或“should＋动词”，should不可省略。3.句④用insist表示“建议”，其宾语从句用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词”，should可以省略。4.句⑤用虚拟条件句表示“建议”。
在正式的英语书面语及非正式的英语口语中，常用不同方式来告知人们我们认为他们该做什么，归纳起来，有以下几种表达说服的方式：
一、英语书面语
在正式书面表达中，下列表达方式可以强化“建议”。
1．should/ought
to＋do...
You
should/ought
to
brush
your
teeth
before
you
go
to
bed.
你在睡前应该刷牙。
We
ought
to
go
and
see
Mary
tomorrow，but
I
don't
think
we
will.
我们应该明天去看玛丽，可我认为我们去不了。
2．当人们想要表达建议、命令或要求时，从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气，其形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。这些从句可以是宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句或表语从句。
Our
teacher
demanded
that
Mary(should)finish
her
homework
within
a
week.
我们老师要求玛丽在一周内完成家庭作业。
His
suggestion
is
that
we(should)do
our
homework
more
carefully.
他的建议就是我们做家庭作业时要更细心一些。
[名师点津]　
“一、二、三、四”记虚拟：一个“坚持”(insist)；两个“命令”(order，command)；三条“建议”(advise，suggest，propose)；四项“要求”(demand，require，request，ask)。
(1)suggest作“建议”讲，宾语从句用虚拟语气；若作“暗示，表明”讲，则用陈述语气。
(2)insist作“坚持认为、坚持说”讲时，宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作“坚持(要求)”“坚持(主张)”讲时宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
The
Arab
insisted
that
he
had
never
seen
the
camel
and
that
he(should)not
be
punished
for
its
lost.
那个阿拉伯人坚持说他从未见过那头骆驼，并且坚持主张自己不能因为骆驼的丢失而受到惩罚。
Jane's
pale
face
suggested
that
she
was
ill，and
her
father
suggested
that
she(should)
have
a
medical
examination.
简苍白的脸色表明她生病了，她父亲建议她做一下医学检查。
3．It's(high/about)time
that句式中，that从句中的谓语动词常用过去式或should
do且should不能省略。
It's
high
time
that
I
went/should
go
to
pick
up
my
daughter
at
school.
我该去学校接我的女儿了。
二、英语口语
1．跟熟人交谈时用下列表达方式可以使“建议”听上去不生硬，具有试探性。
(1)虚拟语气表示委婉、客气的语气，常用句型“If
I
were
you，I'd＋do...”
If
I
were
you，I
would
accept
his
advice.
如果我是你，我会接受他的忠告。
(2)句型I
think
you
should/ought
to
do...，表示“我认为你应该做……”语气稍强。
I
think
you
ought
to
tell
your
husband
you're
pregnant.
我想你应该告诉你丈夫你怀孕了。
2.用下列方式可以强硬地对某人批评、责怪或提出建议，使用这种方式常具有权威性。
(1)I'd
rather(that)＋一般过去时/过去完成时...
I'd
rather
she
set
out
to
do
the
work
now.
我宁愿她现在就着手做这项工作。
(2)You'd
better＋do...
You'd
better
give
up
smoking
or
you'll
end
in
hospital.
你最好戒烟，否则你的结局就是住院。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．He
insisted
that
I
(should)
take(take)
a
taxi.
2．If
I
were(be)
you,
I
would
accept
the
job
at
once.
3．I'd
rather
you
posted(post)
the
letter
right
away.
4．It's
high
time
that
we
went/should
go(go)
to
the
library.
5．You'd
better
spend(spend)
your
time
on
some
books
worth
reading.
6．The
doctor
strongly
recommended
that
he
(should)
take
(take)
a
holiday.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It
is
desired
that
the
building
of
the
house
is
completed
next
month.
第二个is→be
2．The
student
insisted
that
what
he
said
be
right.
be→was
3．If
I
am
you
I
would
plant
some
trees
round
the
house.
am→were
4．I'd
rather
you
go
tomorrow.
go→went
5．You'd
better
to
put
the
dressing
table
on
the
left.
去掉to
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．I
guess
they
will
make
adjustments(adjust)
to
my
salary
this
month.
2．Several
staff
members
volunteered(voluntary)
for
early
retirement.
3．There
is
a
need
for
greater
diversity(diverse)
and
choice
in
education.
4．Not
Jack
but
his
parents
are
to
blame
for
the
home
accident.
5．He
was
trapped
in
a
burning
house.
6．It's
quite
hot
today.
Do
you
feel
like
going(go)
for
a
swim?
7．We
are
happy
that
the
tree
yields
an
abundance(abundant)
of
fruit.
8．The
meaning
of
the
word
“nice”
changed
a
few
times
before
it
finally
came
to
include
the
sense
“pleasant”．
9．I
believed
that
if
we
tried
our
best
we
could
be
better(well)
off
than
them.
10．—Shall
we
go
on
watching
the
HDTV
programme?
It
is
too
wonderful.
—No.
It's
time
we
went/should
go(go)
to
bed.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I
went
there
on
hope
that
I
might
see
her.on→in
2．How
long
will
it
before
we
know
the
result
of
examination？it
before→it
be
before
3．Dinosaurs
lived
on
the
earth
tens
of
millions
of
years
ago,
long
before
humans
came
into
beings.beings→being
4．Wild
flowers
grow
in
abundant
on
the
hillside.abundant→abundance
5．You
must
resign
yourselves
to
wait
a
bit
longer.wait→waiting
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．I
think
it
is
high
time
that
the
headmaster
made
up
his
mind．
我想现在该是校长下决心的时候了。
2．After
his
wife
died
he
resigned
himself
to
a
lonely
old
age.
他妻子死后，他顺应天命安于孤独的晚年。
3．He
can't
adjust
himself
to
the
modern
life
in
this
big
city.
他无法适应这个大都市的现代生活。
4．Fruit
and
vegetables
grow
in
abundance
on
the
island.
该岛盛产水果和蔬菜。
5．No
one
knows
how
this
custom
came
into
being．
没人知道这种习俗是如何形成的。
PAGEUnit
24
Society
Section
Ⅲ　Reading(Ⅱ)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
(　　)1.virtue
A．vt.转达；传送
(　　)2.feast
B．vt.挤
(　　)3.collision
C．n.结构，构架
(　　)4.skip
D．n.盛宴，宴会
(　　)5.fragrant
E．vt.着手做，从事
(　　)6.cast
F．n.优点，长处
(　　)7.undertake
G．n.相撞
(　　)8.squeeze
H．adj.有香味的
(　　)9.relay
I．vt.跳过
(　　)10.framework
J．vt.投下
[答案]　1－5　FDGIH　6－10　JEBAC
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
(　　)1.It
is
bad
manners
to
show
off
your
knowledge
of
cleverness.
(　　)2.This
old
custom
dates
back
to
the
1849
war
with
Austria.
(　　)3.Lost
in
thought,
John
knocked
into
a
person
on
the
street.
(　　)4.I
think
it's
very
unkind
of
you
to
make
up
stories
about
him.
(　　)5.A
double
bed
took
up
the
greater
part
of
the
room.
(　　)6.It's
fine
day
today,
well,
I
have
not
kept
an
eye
on
the
weather
for
a
very
long.
[答案]　1－6　ECBFDA
A　Every
year
thousands
of
tourists
flock
to
China
with
the
latest
edition(版本)
of
China's
“Lonely
Planet”
guidebook
in
their
hands.They
come
to
see
the
grand
sights
of
the
Great
Wall
and
the
Forbidden
City
but
often
it
is
the
hutongs
that
leave
the
strongest
impression①，
as
they
offer
travellers
a
rare
view
into
China's
past.Hutongs
－
the
many
little
alleys(小巷)
that
connect
the
rectangular(长方形的)
courtyards
of
traditional
houses
－
are
a
feature
of
ancient
Chinese
architecture
and
are
still
found
in
the
old
quarters
of
a
few
Chinese
cities.Beijing's
hutongs
are
particularly
famous,
however,
as
there
are
thousands
of
them.Nowadays,
the
word
“hutong”
has
come
to②
mean
more
than③
just
the
alleys
that
connect
the
courtyards.It
also
refers
to
the
courtyards
themselves
and
even
to
the
communities
that
live
there.
A　每年成千上万的游客带着最新版的《孤独星球》中国旅游指南涌向中国。他们来看长城和故宫的壮丽景色，但常常是那些胡同给他们留下最深的印象，因为透过难得一见的胡同，游客能看到中国的过去。胡同——很多条连接四合院的小巷子——是中国古代建筑的一大特色，今天仍然能在中国少数几个城市的老城角落里见到。但是北京的胡同格外著名，因为它有数千条。现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子，它还指四合院本身，甚至包括住在四合院里的人们。
[助读讲解]　①本句是强调句型，强调主语the
hutongs。②come
do
达到(认识、理解或相信的程度)。③more
than不仅仅。
B　The
majority
of
Beijing's
hutongs
were
built
between
the
13th
and
19th
centuries
during
the
Yuan,
Ming
and
Qing
Dynasties.To
help
them
keep
control
over
the
city,
the
Emperors
during
these
periods
arranged
different
areas
of
Beijing
in
neat
blocks
of
houses
built
around
courtyards.They
were
then
able
to
place
guards
at
the
entrances
of
the
various
hutongs,
which
made
it
easier
to
keep
an
eye
on
people's
movements④.The
Emperor's
home,
the
Forbidden
City,
was
in
the
centre
of
Beijing
and
the
homes
of
the
nobles
and
wealthy
citizens
were
in
the
hutongs
closest
to
the
royal
palace.Ordinary
citizens
lived
in
the
hutongs
further
away
from
the
palace.
B　北京的胡同大部分建于13至19世纪的元、明、清三个朝代。为了维持对整个城市的统治，那些朝代的皇帝们把北京城的不同地区划分成整整齐齐的四合院院落。他们派卫兵把守着胡同的入口，这样做使他们容易监视人们的举动。皇家官邸，即紫禁城，在北京城的正中央，贵族和富豪的府邸位于距离皇宫最近的胡同，普通百姓住在离皇宫较远的胡同。
[助读讲解]　④which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子。从句中it是形式宾语，easier作宾补，不定式短语是真正的宾语。
C　By
connecting
people's
homes,
the
hutongs
in
fact
connected
people's
lives,
whether
the
lives
of
the
rich⑤
or
the
lives
of
the
ordinary
citizens.Because
the
houses
were
built
facing
each
other
around
courtyards,
the
families
who
lived
there
were
an
important
part
of
each
other's
lives.They
supported
each
other
when
help
was
needed
and
shared
the
joy
and
sadness
of
everyday
life,
no
doubt
sharing
recipes,
borrowing
mops(拖把),
and
burning
fragrant
incense
together.The
children
played
in
the
courtyards
and
because
of
the
hutongs,
courtyards
were
joined
together
for
miles
around
creating
a
network
of
people
working,
playing
and
living
together⑥—a
real
community.
C　胡同不仅使家家户户相通，实际上不管是富人还是普通人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。因为四合院的房子门对门围绕院子四面建成，所以生活在那里的人都成为彼此生活中重要的一部分。他们相互扶持，同甘共苦，更不用说分享菜谱、借用拖把和一起点香了。孩子们在院子里一起玩耍，也正因为有了胡同，方圆好几里的四合院被连接起来，构成了人们一起工作、一起娱乐、一起生活的网络——一个真正的社区。
[助读讲解]　⑤the
rich富人；the＋形容词表示一类人。⑥此处是现在分词短语作结果状语，其中working,
playing
and
living
together作people的后置定语。
D　Towards
the
end
of
the
Qing
Dynasty,
the
conditions
in
Beijing's
hutongs
went
down
as
the
political
situation
cast
a
dark
cloud
on
China's
economy⑦.Many
new
hutongs
were
quickly
built
to
house
the
increasing
population
but
these
were
poorly
made.The
turning
point
came
when
the
People's
Republic
of
China
was
set
up.Conditions
improved
a
great
deal
and
the
government
undertook
the
preservation(维护)
of
many
of
the
oldest
hutongs.
D　到了清朝末年，因为中国的经济手段政治局势的不良影响，北京胡同的状况也每况愈下。为了容纳新增的人口，很多新胡同都是草草建成，质量欠佳。中华人民共和国成立以后情况有了转机，胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。
E　　Hutongs
are
still
an
important
part
of
Beijing
life
and
it
is
not
surprising
that
tourists
love
the
hutongs.They
can
walk
up
Sanmiao
Street,
which
dates
back
900
years,
wander
down
Rongxian
－
the
longest
hutong
at
2
km
or
squeeze
through
Qianshi
－
the
narrowest
at
only
40
cm
wide!
They
can
also
stop
under
a
stone
arch(拱顶)
and
watch
the
hutong
world
go
by
while
enjoying
a
plate
of
Beijing's
best
“Peking
Duck”
or
satisfying
their
thirst(口渴)
with
a
cold
Tsingtao
beer⑧.The
hutongs
not
only
link
Beijing's
streets
and
communities
after
all,
but
also
its
past
and
present，showing
that
Beijing
is
truly
an
ancient
yet
modern
city.
E　胡同仍然是北京生活的一个重要部分，难怪游客们喜爱胡同。他们可以在九百年前修建的三庙街散步，或徜徉在最长达两千米的绒线胡同，或侧身挤过只有40厘米的钱市胡同！他们还可以在石拱门下停留，享受一盘最好的北京烤鸭或一杯解渴的冰镇青岛啤酒的同时，望着这胡同世界缓缓而过。胡同不仅联通了北京的街道和社区，它还联系着北京的过去和现在，它证明了北京的确是一座古老而现代的城市。
[助读讲解]　⑧while
enjoying...是状语从句的省略。省略了they
were。
第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P38教材课文，匹配段落大意
1．Para.1　
A．Bad
times
for
hutongs.
2．Para.2
B．When
and
why
hutongs
were
built
3．Para.3　
C．Beijing's
hutongs
today.
4．Para.4　
D．What's
a
hutong?
5．Para.5　
E．Connecting
lives.
[答案]　1－5　DBEAC
第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P38教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．Every
year
thousands
of
tourists
come
to
Beijing
to
．
A．taste
Beijing's
best
“Peking
Duck”
B．walk
through
Beijing's
hutongs
C．visit
the
Great
Wall
and
the
Forbidden
City
D．play
and
live
in
the
courtyards
2．We
can
see
that
the
population
rose
quickly
．
A．in
the
Yuan
Dynasty
B．in
the
Ming
Dynasty
C．at
the
end
of
the
Qing
Dynasty
D．in
1949
3．Which
of
the
following
is
NOT
true?
A．The
Beijing's
hutongs
always
make
a
strong
impression
on
tourists.
B．The
Emperors
in
the
past
paid
no
attention
to
the
ordinary
citizens'
movements.
C．People
living
in
the
hutongs
could
share
a
lot
of
things.
D．We
can
know
Beijing's
past
and
present
through
the
hutongs.
4．The
place
where
people
lived
was
like
a
real
community
because
of
．
A．the
hutongs
B．the
rectangular
courtyards
C．the
neat
blocks
of
houses
D．the
preservation
of
the
hutongs
5．The
conditions
in
Beijing's
hutongs
once
went
down
because
．
A．the
Emperor
stopped
repairing
them
B．the
political
situation
affected
China's
economy
C．the
population
increased
quickly
D．no
one
was
interested
in
them
[答案]　1－5　CCBAB
第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考
根据P38教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every
year
thousands
of
tourists
flock
to
China
with
the
1.latest(late)
edition
of
China's
“Lonely
Planet”
guidebook
in
their
hands.But
often
it
is
the
hutongs
that
leave
the
2.strongest(strong)
impression.Hutongs
—
the
many
little
alleys
3.that
connect
the
rectangular
courtyards
of
4.traditional(tradition)
houses—are
a
feature
of
ancient
Chinese
architecture.
By
5.connecting(connect)
people's
homes,
the
hutongs
in
fact
connected
people's
lives.They
supported
each
other
and
shared
the
joy
and
6.sadness(sad)
of
everyday
life,
no
doubt
sharing
recipes,
borrowing
mops，and
burning
fragrant
incense
together.
Towards
the
end
of
the
Qing
Dynasty,
the
conditions
in
Beijing's
hutongs
went
down
as
the
7.political(politics)
situation
cast
a
dark
cloud
on
China's
economy.The
turning
point
came
when
the
People's
Republic
of
China
8.was
set
up(set
up)．Conditions
improved
a
great
deal
and
the
government
undertook
the
9.preservation(preserve)
of
many
of
the
oldest
hutongs.Hutongs
are
still
an
important
part
of
Beijing
life
and
it
is
not
10.surprising(surprise)
that
tourists
love
the
hutongs.
PAGEUnit
24
Society
Section
Ⅳ　Language
Points(Ⅱ)(Lesson
2
&
Lesson
3)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．My
daughter
skipped(跳)
happily
along
beside
me.
2．He
was
injured
in
collision(相撞)
with
another
player.
3．His
grandmother
was
merciful(仁慈的)
to
the
disabled.
4．Rose
immediately
relayed(传达)
the
news
of
the
accident
to
her
boss.
5．They
undertook(着手做)
a
new
experiment
last
week.
6．It's
no
virtue
to
desert
old
people.
7．I'll
never
forget
being
elected
to
the
student
council.
8．Juice
squeezed
from
the
orange
was
given
to
the
baby.
9．I
need
a
spoonful
of
sugar
in
my
milk,
not
too
much.
10．I
bought
a
dictionary
which
is
the
latest
edition．
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．elect
vt.选举，推选→election
n．选举，推选
2．mercy
n．仁慈，宽恕→merciful
adj.宽大的，仁慈的→merciless
adj.冷酷无情的，残忍的
3．rot
vt.&vi.腐烂→rotten
adj.腐烂的
4．edit
v．编辑→edition
n．版本→editor
n．编辑
5．thirst
n．口渴→thristy
adj.口渴的；渴望的
6．contain
v．容纳；容忍→container
n．容器
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．show
off
炫耀，夸耀
2．knock
into
sb.
撞上某人
3．turning
point
转折点
4．set
up
建立
5．take
up
占据
6．make
up
编造
7．pick
up
捡起；接人
8．keep
an
eye
on
留意
9．no
doubt
无疑
10．date
back
to
上溯到，追溯到
11．more
than
不只是，不仅仅
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．This
kind
of
building
dates
back
to
the
Ming
Dynasty.
2．He
was
in
such
a
hurry
that
he
almost
knocked
into
the
headmaster.
3．Women
officers
make
up
13
percent
of
the
police
force.
4．Stephanie
took
up
making
jewellery
after
leaving
art
college
this
summer.
5．Those
boys
always
show
off
their
sports
skills
to
the
girls.
6．I
picked
up
a
piece
of
wood
and
started
carving.
7．Modern
science
is
more
than
a
large
amount
of
information.
v.＋?al→n.
n.＋?less→复合短语
refusal
拒绝arrival
到达proposal
提议
endless
无尽的hopeless
没有希望的homeless
无家可归的
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.What
if
some
married
people
have
affairs？如果有些已婚的人有婚外情怎么办呢？
What
if
...
？要是……怎么样？what引导的主句为省略形式。
What
if
Jeremy
Lin
is
absent
from
the
basketball
game？要是林书豪缺席这场篮球赛会怎么样呢？
2.Nowadays,
the
word
“hutong”
has
come
to
mean
more
than
just
the
alleys
that
connect
the
courtyards.现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子。
①come
to
do
sth.表示“开始做某事，逐渐做某事”。
②more
than不仅仅。
①Someday，you'll
come
to
know
your
mistakes.总有一天，你会认识到你的错误的。②Kate
was
more
than
a
teacher．She
also
did
what
she
could
to
take
care
of
her
pupils.凯特不仅仅是位教师，她还尽其所能地照顾她的学生。
3.By
connecting
people's
homes,
the
hutongs
in
fact
connected
people's
lives,
whether
the
lives
of
the
rich
or
the
lives
of
the
ordinary
citizens.胡同不仅使家家户户相通，实际上不管是富人还是普通人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。
whether...or...连接两个并列部分，表示“是……还是……；不论……还……”。
Whether
he
wins
or
loses，this
is
her
last
chance.不管她是赢还是输，这是她最后的机会了。
4.They
can
also
stop
under
a
stone
arch
and
watch
the
hutong
world
go
by
while
enjoying
a
plate
of
Beijing's
best
“Peking
Duck”
or
satisfying
their
thirst
with
a
cold
Tsingtao
beer.他们还可以在石拱门下停留，享受一盘最好的北京烤鸭或一杯解渴的冰镇青岛啤酒的同时，望着这胡同世界缓缓而过。
状语从句的省略。
I
witnessed
a
terrible
car
accident
while
walking
in
the
street.在街上行走时，我目睹了一次可怕的事故。
show
off
炫耀；夸耀
(教材P138)Nobody
has
any
desire
to
show
off...
没有人有炫耀的欲望……
show
in/into
领进(客人等)
show
out
送出(客人)
show
sb.round/around
领某人(到处)参观
show
up
露面；出现
①Part
of
the
nurse's
job
is
to
show
people
into
the
doctor's
office.
把人们领进医生的诊室是护士工作的一部分。
②The
quiz
showed
up
Cane's
weak
points
in
physics.
这次测验显示出凯恩在物理学方面的弱点。
[语境助记]　
After
the
manager
showed
us
around
the
factory
to
see
the
products
on
show,
Tom
didn't
show
up.
It
is
typical
of
him
to
show
off.
So
we
didn't
wait
for
him
and
the
manager
showed
us
out.
经理带领我们参观工厂看展出的产品后，汤姆还没出现。他一贯喜欢炫耀。因此我们没有等他，经理带我们出去了。
elect
vt.
选举；推选
(教材P138)There
is
a
leader
in
each
area
of
the
town
and
each
town
has
an
elected
leader.
城镇的每一片区域都有一个领导者，每座城镇都有一个推举出来的领袖。
elect
sb.(to
be)sth./as
sth.
选举某人为……
elect
sb.to
do
sth.
选择某人做某事
elect
to
do
sth.
选择/决定做某事
①We
elected
him(to
be)
monitor.我们选他当班长。
②They
elected
him
to
speak(speak)
at
the
meeting.
他们推举他在会上发言。
③They
elected
to
die(die)
fighting
rather
than
surrender.
他们宁愿战死也不愿投降。
[名师点津]　
elect表示“选举”，主要指选举某人担任某职位。若所涉及的职位名词在句中作宾语、表语、补语，则通常不用冠词。
merciful
adj.仁慈的，宽大的
(教材P138)The
government
is
merciful...
政府是仁慈的……
mercy
n．
仁慈；宽恕；怜悯
show
mercy
to
对……仁慈
without
mercy
残忍地；毫不留情地
at
the
mercy
of
任凭……的摆布；完全受……的支配
have
mercy
on/upon
对……有怜悯心
①They
killed
the
injured
animals
without
mercy.
他们残忍地杀死了受伤的动物。
②They
were
lost，at
the
mercy
of
the
wind
and
waves.
他们迷了路，任凭风和海浪的摆布。
③Please
show
mercy
to
the
child.
请对这孩子仁慈一点吧。
knock
into
sb.撞上某人；偶然遇上
(教材P138)...I
nearly
knocked
into
somebody
crossing
the
road!
……在横过马路的时候我差点撞到别人！
knock
over
把……打翻；把……撞倒
knock
down
撞倒；击倒；推倒；拆除
knock
off
停止；中断
knock
about/around
漫游；闲逛
knock
at/on
敲(门、窗等)
①The
child
knocked
down/over
the
glass.
那孩子打翻了杯子。
②France
knocked
Belgium
down
in
the
football
match.
在这次足球赛中，法国队击败了比利时队。
③What
time
do
you
knock
off
this
afternoon?
你今天下午什么时候下班？
[名师点津]　
我们学过的表示“偶然遇到”的短语，除knock
into外还有：
①run
into　②run
across　③come
across　④meet
with
⑤meet...by
chance
make
up编造；弥补；整理；和解；化妆；制定；形成；构成；占
(教材P37)But
the
teacher
thought
I
was
making
up
an
excuse.
但是老师认为我正在编造理由。
　写出下列句子中make
up的含义
①Non?Han
people
make
up
nearly
30%
of
Yunnan's
population.占
②They
made
him
up
as
an
old
man
for
the
last
out
of
the
play.化妆；打扮
③I
have
to
make
up
the
lessons
I
missed.弥补
④At
your
first
meeting
you
should
make
up
a
rule
book.编写
make
from/out
of...
用……制成
make...into
制成；做成；使转变为
make
it
及时赶到；成功；达到目的
make
out
填写；应付；理解
make
sure
确认；确保
⑤She
made
the
cloth
into
a
dress.
她把这块布料做成一件衣服。
⑥Maybe
one
day
he
will
make
it
to
the
Olympics!
或许有一天，他会成功进入奥运会！
⑦I
can't
make
out
what
the
article
says.
我无法理解这篇文章讲的是什么。
more
than不只是；不仅仅；非常；多于，超过
(教材P38)Nowadays，the
word
“hutong”
has
come
to
mean
more
than
just
the
alleys
that
connect
the
courtyards.
现在，“胡同”这个词不仅仅指连接四合院的小巷子。
no
more
than
意为“仅仅，只有”，有强烈表示
少的意思，相当于only。
more...than
意为“与其……倒不如”，中间
接形容词原级/n./v.等。
not
more
than
意为“不超过，不多于，顶多，
至多”，用在数字前面。
no
more＋adj.＋than
意为“同……一样不”，是对
比较双方的否定。
more
than
one...
意为“不止一个……”，作主语
时谓语动词用单数形式。
①After
the
long
march，we
were
all
more
than
tired.
长途行军后，我们都很累。
②The
boy
is
more
reserved
than
quiet.
与其说这个男孩文静，不如说他矜持。
③I'm
no
more
nervous
than
you
are.
我和你一样不紧张。
undertake
vt.着手做，从事；承担；许诺
(教材P38)Conditions
improved
a
great
deal
and
the
government
undertook
the
preservation
of
many
of
the
oldest
hutongs.
胡同的条件得到了很大的改善，政府对很多早期的胡同进行了修缮和保护。
undertake
sth.
承接/承担/承办某事
undertake
to
do
sth./that从句
承办某事，答应做某事
undertake
for
sth.
保证，担保
undertake
that...
保证……
①He
undertook
to
pay(pay)
the
money
back
within
six
months.
他保证六个月之内还钱。
②The
government
undertook
that
the
buildings
would
not
be
redeveloped.
政府承诺不会改造这些大楼。
(教材P38)They
can
walk
up
Sanmiao
Street，which
dates
back
900
years，wander
down
Rongxian－the
longest
hutong
at
2
km
or
squeeze
through
Qianshi—the
narrowest
at
only
40
cm
wide！他们可以在九百年前修建的三庙街散步，或徜徉在最长达两千米的绒线胡同，或侧身挤过只有40厘米的钱市胡同！
(1)
squeeze
vt.&
vi.(使)挤入；挤过
vt.榨出；挤出；拧出
squeeze
in/into
挤进去
squeeze
out(of)
榨取
squeeze
one's
way
推开别人挤过
squeeze
through
挤过，勉强通过
squeeze
up
(使)挤紧；(使)挤拢
①We
squeezed
into
the
crowded
room.
我们挤进了拥挤的房间。
②He
took
off
his
wet
clothes
and
squeezed
the
water
out.
他脱下湿衣服，把水拧出来。
(2)date
back
追溯到(后接时间段)
date
back
to＝date
from
始于；追溯到
to
date
＝up
to
now/so
far
到目前为止
作表语
作定语
③The
information
is
out
of
date.
这资料已经过时了。
④We
haven't
got
further
information
to
date.
到目前为止，我们尚未获得进一步的消息。
[名师点津]　
date
from/date
back
to常指“以现在为起点”向前推，故在句中作谓语时，常用一般现在时；没有进行时态，也没有被动语态。
(教材P38)By
connecting
people's
homes，the
hutongs
in
fact
connected
people's
lives，whether
the
lives
of
the
rich
or
the
lives
of
the
ordinary
citizens.
胡同不仅使家家户户相通，实际上不管是富人还是普通人，他们的生活都被胡同联系起来了。
【要点提炼】　句中whether...or...是固定句型，表示“无论是……还是……；不管是……还是……”。
①She
made
the
mistake
whether
by
accident
or
by
design.
不知是偶然还是故意，她犯了这个错误。
②Whether
they
consider
this
opinion
or
not
is
not
clear.(＝It
is
not
clear
whether
they
consider
this
opinion
or
not.)
他们是否考虑这个意见还不清楚。
③
Whether
you
can
see
the
moon
or
not，it
is
always
round.
不论你能否看得见月亮，它总是圆的。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．While
walking(walk)
along
the
river
bank,
she
was
singing
a
pop
song.
2．Ben
showed
off
her
new
car
to
her
friends.
3．She
elected
to
return(return)
to
work
after
her
baby
was
born.
4．They
asked
her
to
be
merciful(mercy)
to
the
prisoners.
5．The
boy
ran
for
the
ball
and
knocked
into
a
man.
6．The
teacher
took
up
the
lesson
where
she
left
off
yesterday.
7．He
asked
us
each
to
make
up
a
dialogue.
8．She
was
picked
out
from
thousands
of
applicants
for
the
job.
9．He
was
cast
down
by
the
sad
news.
10．They
undertook
to
promote(promote)
exchanges
and
trade.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Before
I
started
to
work,
the
secretary
showed
me
in
the
company.
in→around/round
2．There
are
some
difference
between
British
and
American
English.
difference→differences
3．Mr
Zhang
was
elected
the
Chairman
of
the
Students
Union
at
school.
去掉第一个the或第一个the→as
4.
The
train
he
took
was
held
down
for
over
2
hours.down→up
5.
The
scientist
was
thinking
a
problem
when
he
knocked
in
a
tree.in→into
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．Whether
she
wins
or
loses,
this
is
her
last
chance.
不管是赢是输，
这都是她最后的机会。
2．While(I
was)
waiting,
I
was
reading
some
magazines.
我一边看杂志，一边等。
3．Many
break?ins
are
carried
out
by
youngsters
who
can
squeeze
through
windows．
很多入室盗窃案都是年轻人干的，他们可以从窗口钻进去。
4．I
forgot
to
bring
my
umbrella.What
if
it
rains?
我忘带雨伞了，要是下雨怎么办呢？
5．You
should
stay
where
you
are，unless(you
are)
asked
to
leave.
你应待在你现在的地方不动，除非叫你动。
PAGEUnit
24
Society
Section
Ⅴ　Reading
(Ⅲ)
(Communication
Workshop
&
Language
Awareness)
Ⅰ.匹配下列单词的词性及汉语意思
(　　)1.fine　
A．adj.引人注目的；急剧的
(　　)2.sentence
B．adj.杰出的，突出的
(　　)3.abolish
C．n.罚款
(　　)4.moreover
D．vt.废除
(　　)5.swing
E．n.祈祷，祷告
(　　)6.prayer
F．n.商人
(　　)7.merchant
G．n.判决
(　　)8.suck
H．vi.摇动
(　　)9.dramatic
I．vt.含在嘴里吮食
(　　)10.outstanding
J．adv.再者，此外
[答案]　1－5　CGDJH　6－10　EFIAB
Ⅱ.选择下列句中词组的汉语意思
(　　)1.The
policemen
broke
in
and
found
the
old
man
dead
in
his
chair.
(　　)2.He
should
have
met
you
at
the
station
on
principle.
(　　)3.I
will
promise
you
anything
if
only
you
bring
back
my
ball.
(　　)4.We
decided
to
do
away
with
our
old
cooker
and
buy
a
new
one.
(　　)5.To
start
with,
where
and
when
did
it
happen?
(　　)6.The
chaos
may
have
contributed
to
the
deaths
of
up
to
20
people.
[答案]　1－6　DFBEAC
第一步　速读——了解文章主题和段落大意
速读P40教材课文，判断正误
1．RJ
Butcher
should
kill
the
murderer.
(T)
2．Paul
Mason
agrees
with
RJ
Butcher's
opinions.(F)
3．RJ
Butcher
and
Paul
Mason
have
opposite
views
about
the
death
penalty.(T)
4．In
the
USA，the
death
penalty
is
not
likely
if
the
victim
is
black
and
the
murderer
is
white.(T)
第二步　细读——把控文章关键信息
细读P40教材课文，选择最佳答案
1．What
is
the
only
way
of
protecting
society
RJ
Butcher
think?
A．Criminals
should
be
locked
up
for
life.
B．Criminals
should
be
sentenced
to
death.
C．Criminals
should
be
let
out
of
prison.
2．How
does
Paul
Mason
think
of
punishment?
A．Take
a
revenge
on
criminals.
B．Kill
criminals.
C．Help
to
reform
criminals.
3．What
occasion
should
life
sentences
be
given?
A．When
a
criminal
is
let
out
of
prison.
B．When
a
person
is
very
dangerous
to
society
when
he
or
she
is
let
out
of
prison.
C．When
a
criminal
kill
a
person.
[答案]　1－3　ACB
第三步　研读——能力升华　接轨高考
根据P40教材课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Why
people
are
having
no
faith
in
the
British
system
of
justice.Because
it
was
not
long
1.before
drug
dealers
and
robbers
can
be
2.out
on
the
streets
and
some
3.murderers(murder)
are
let
out
of
prison
after
three
or
four
years，4.which
is
more
unbelievable.
Much
5.harder(hard)
sentences
should
be
brought
back.Criminals
6.are
made(make)
to
pay
for
what
they
have
done.After
7.committing(commit)
three
crimes
criminals
are
locked
up
for
life
in
prison.
Prisoners
should
be
made
to
work.8.Because
too
much
money
is
spent
on
prisons，they
have
become
like
hotels.
We
should
bring
the
death
penalty
back.When
a
person
has
killed
somebody
she/he
isn't
worth
9.living(live)．We
also
have
to
take
into
account
the
wishes
of
the
families
and
friends
of
murder
10.victims
victim.
PAGEUnit
24
Society
Section
Ⅵ　Language
Points(Ⅲ)
(Communication
Workshop，Language
Awareness，Culture
Corner
&
Bulletin
Board)
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．I
was
so
thirsty
that
I
sucked(吮吸)
the
orange
dry.
2．He
has
been
to
China
before;
consequently(因此)
he
knows
something
about
it.
3．It's
bad
manners
to
swing(晃动)
your
legs
while
eating.
4.
The
unfair
treaty
should
be
abolished
as
soon
as
possible.
5.
He
was
a
merciful
merchant
in
Venice,
who
was
liked
by
everyone.
6．I
got
a
￡100
fine
for
speeding，which
made
me
unhappy.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性或汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．consequent
adj.必然的，合乎逻辑的→consequently
n．所以，因此→consequence
n．结果
2．tradition
n．传统→traditional
adj.传统的→traditionally
adv.传统上
3．value
v．重视；n.价值，意义→valuable
adj.宝贵的，有价值的→valueless
adj.毫无价值的
4．establish
vt.建立→establishment
n．建立
Ⅲ.补全短语
根据提示补全下列短语
1．break
in
闯入
2．lose
faith
in
对……失去信心
3．bring
back
带回来；使恢复
4．pay
for
因……受罚，为……付出代价
5．be
treated
as
被当作……对待
6．see...as
视……为……，把……看成是……
7．on
principle
原则上
8．take...into
account
把……考虑在内
9．contribute
to
有助于；为……做贡献
10．do
away
with
废除
11．to
start
with
首先；第一
12．be
based
on
以……为基础
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．She
was
still
young,
he
said,
and
that
would
be
taken
into
account
when
deciding
her
sentence.
2．The
policemen
broke
in
and
found
the
old
man
dead
in
his
chair.
3．Please
bring
back
all
library
books
by
the
end
of
the
week.
4．He
made
a
very
positive
contribution
to
the
success
of
the
project.
5．I
would
never
deal
with
that
company
on
principle．
n.＋?able→adj.
v.＋back→复合短语
valuable
有价值的reasonable
有道理的comfortable
舒适的
call
back
叫回来，收回，回电carry
back
v．运回，
拿回，
使回忆起cast
back
回想，追溯
背教材原句
记句式结构
仿写促落实
1.What
is
even
more
unbelievable
is
the
fact
that
some
murderers
are
let
out
of
prison
after
three
or
four
years.更令人难以置信的是一些凶手三、四年后被从监狱释放这一事实。
what引导主语从句；that引导同位语从句。
What
made
him
upset
was
the
news
that
his
mother
was
ill
in
hospital.使他感到不安的是他母亲生病住院的消息。
2.How
come？怎么会呢？
“How
come？”作独立的句子时常用于口语，意为“为什么？/怎么会呢？”
How
come
you're
so
late？你怎么来得这么迟？
3.An
ageing
society
is
one
in
which
the
population
of
people
over
the
age
of
60
is
increasing.老龄化社会是指60岁以上的人口数量持续增长的社会。
one代替单数可数名词。
The
job
is
one
that
many
people
want
to
get.这一份工作是许多人想得到的。
break
in
闯入；打断
break
away
from
离开；脱离
break
down
打破，毁掉；出毛病；(身体)垮了；
恸哭；分解
break
out
突然爆发
break
up
拆散，打碎；分裂；崩溃
break
into
强行闯入；突然开始；顺利打入
break
through
突围；突破
①Our
car
broke
down
on
the
freeway.
我们的汽车在高速公路上抛锚了。
②The
band
broke
up
after
the
performance.
那场演出之后乐队就解散了。
sentence
n．&vt.判决
(教材P40)I
think
we
should
bring
back
much
harder
sentences
in
this
country...
我认为我们应在这个国家内恢复更加严厉的刑罚……
pass
sentence
on/upon
sb.
判某人刑
sentence
sb.to
(do)
sth.
给某人判……刑；宣判某人做某事
sentence
sb.to
death/life
imprisonment
判处某人死刑/终身监禁
serve
a/one's
sentence
服刑
①Former
Cuban
leader
was
sentenced
to
44
years
in
prison
on
charges
including
bribery
and
corruption.
前古巴领导人因被控行贿和贪污被判入狱44年。
②He
has
been
sentenced
(sentence)
to
pay
a
fine
of
￡
1，000.
他被判罚款1
000英镑。
③The
judge
sentenced
this
man
to
death(die)for
murdering.
法官宣判这个人因犯谋杀罪而被判处死刑。
(教材P40)I
am
totally
against
harder
sentences
on
principle
and
really
feel
the
death
penalty
should
be
abolished.
我原则上坚决反对较重的刑罚并且确实感到死刑应该被废除。
(1)on
principle
原则上，按照原则
against
one's
principles
违背某人的行为准则
in
principle
理论上；原则上，大体上，基本上
on
the
principle
of
根据……的原则，以……为原则
①In
principle
you
are
entitled
to
a
financial
grant，but
it
is
difficult
to
claim.
原则上你有资格获得经济补助，但是很难获取。
②We
trade
on
the
principle
of
equality
and
mutual
benefit.
我们按照平等互利的原则进行贸易。
(2)abolish
vt.
废除；废止(法律、制度、习俗等)
abolish
old
rules
取消旧规则
abolish
a
ban
取消禁令
abolish
slavery
废除奴隶制度
abolition
n.
废除
③Their
discussion
centred
around
the
abolition
(abolish)
of
slavery.
他们的讨论是以废除奴隶制度为中心而进行的。
[明辨异同]　abolish/cancel
abolish
为正式用词，指彻底废除某种制度、规章或习俗。
cancel
用法广泛，多指取消债务、合同、证书、比赛、旅行、计划或约会等。
　cancel，abolish
④This
tax
should
be
abolished．
⑤I'm
afraid
I
will
have
to
cancel
our
meeting
tomorrow.
consequently
adv.
因此；结果
(教材P40)Consequently，in
the
USA，the
death
penalty
is
not
as
likely
if
the
victim
is
black
and
the
murderer
white
as
the
other
way
around.
因此，在美国，当被害人是黑人而凶手是白人时，判决死刑的可能性不可能与在相反情况下(即被害人是白人，而凶手是黑人)一样。
(1)consequent
adj.
随之发生的；由……引起的
(2)consequence
n.
结果；后果
as
a
consequence/in
consequence
结果
as
a
consequence
of/in
consequence
of
……的结果
①He
narrowly
lost
his
life
as
a
consequence
of/in
consequence
of
careless
driving.
由于粗心驾驶，他险些丢了性命。
②His
success
was
consequent
(consequently)
on
his
hard
work.他的成功是勤奋工作的结果。
take...into
account把……考虑在内
(教材P41)The
wishes
of
victims'
family
and
friends
possibly
need
to
be
taken
into
account.
受害者的家人和朋友的愿望可能需要被考虑进去。
on
sb.'s
account
为了某人的缘故
on
account
of
由于……
take
account
of
考虑到……
on
no
account
决不，无论如何都不(位于句首时，
句子须倒装)
account
for
解释/说明……
①She
can't
work
on
account
of
her
too
young
children.
她因为孩子太小而不能工作。
②On
no
account
should
the
soldiers
be
blamed
for
what
happened.士兵们绝对不该为所发生的事情而受到责难。
contribute
to是……的原因之一；为……做贡献；捐献；增加；促进；撰稿；讲话，发表意见
(教材P43)Measures
to
slow
population
growth
like
China's
one?child
policy，have
also
contributed
to
lowered
birthrates.
降低人口的政策，如中国的独生子女政策，对减少人口也起了作用。
(1)contribute
sth.to...
向……捐献……
contribute
to
有助于；导致；捐献；投稿
(2)contribution
n.
贡献；捐献；文稿，稿件
make
a
contribution
to...
为……做出贡献/捐款
(3)contributor
n.
捐款人；投稿人；导致某事的人/事；
起作用的人/因素
①He
contributed
half
of
his
savings
to
the
relief
fund.
他将一半积蓄捐给救济基金会。
②Who
made
a
great
contribution(contribute)
to
the
civil?rights
movement
in
the
U．S.?
谁对美国的民权运动贡献最大？
do
away
with废除
(教材P43)Finally，an
important
step
to
ensure
a
bright
future
for
all
is
to
do
away
with
negative
stereotypes
that
see
valuable
members
of
society
only
as
pensioners
or
patients.
最后，确保大家有一个光明的未来的重要步骤是废除把社会有价值成员只看作是领取养老金的人或病人的老一套的消极看法。
“动词＋副词＋介词”短语总结：
put
up
with
容忍，忍受
get
down
to
着手做；开始认真对待
live
up
to
达到；不辜负；遵守
catch
up
with
追上，赶上
keep
up
with
跟上
get
away
with
携……潜逃
①I
can't
put
up
with
corruption
breeding.
我不能忍受腐败滋生。
②Students
should
live
up
to
parents'
expectations.
学生不应该辜负父母的期望。
to
start
with
首先，第一；起初
(教材P44)To
start
with，Athens
could
afford
it.
首先，雅典有这个能力承担。
to
begin
with＝to
start
with
首先，第一；起初，开始时
begin...with...＝start...with...
以……开始……
end...with...
以……结束……
①Knowledge
begins/starts
with
practice.
知识来源于实践。
②The
story
ended
with
the
hero's
death.
故事以主角的死亡为结局。
based
on
以……为基础
(教材P44)Like
the
ancient
Greeks，these
artists
tried
to
create
an
ideal
form
of
beauty
based
on
nature.
像古希腊人一样，这些艺术家努力创造一种理想的基于自然美的形式。
(1)base
vt.
以……为基础；把基地设在……
base...on/upon...
以……为基础，把……建立
在……的基础之上
be
based
on
以……为基础
base...in...
以……为据点；把总部设在……
(2)base
n.
根基，基础，根据地
①They
often
base
their
estimate
on
the
figures
for
the
last
three
years.
他们经常以过去三年的数字为基础进行估算。
②Pilot
free
trade
zones
were
established
in
Guangdong,
Tianjin,
and
Fujian
based(base)
on
the
model
of
the
Shanghai
Pilot
Free
Trade
Zone.
基于上海自贸区的典范，新设广东、天津、福建自贸试验区。
occur
vi.
产生；浮现
(教材P44)The
Renaissance
occurred
in
Florence
because
of
the
city's
long
tradition
of
cultural
achievement...
文艺复兴运动之所以发生在佛罗伦萨，是因为这个城市有着悠久的文化积淀……
occur
to
sb.　
(想法，念头等)想起，浮现
It
occurs
to
sb.that.../to
do
……的念头浮现于(某人)脑海
①It
didn't
occur
to
her
to
ask
for
help.
她没想到请别人帮忙。
②It
occurred
to
me
that
I
would
travel
Europe.
我突然想去欧洲旅游。
[名师点津]　
occur作谓语动词时，不用“人”作主语，而且无被动语态。
(教材P40)What
is
even
more
unbelievable
is
the
fact
that
some
murderers
are
let
out
of
prison
after
three
or
four
years.
更令人难以置信的是一些凶手三、四年后从监狱释放这一事实。
【要点提炼】　What
is
even
more
unbelievable是本句的主语部分，称为主语从句，what又是这个从句的主语。
what还可以引导其他名词性从句，如宾语从句、表语从句等。但是what一般不引导状语从句、定语从句或同位语从句等。
①What
caused
the
accident
was
a
broken
bottle.
事件的发生源于一个摔坏的瓶子。
②The
Earth
of
today
is
not
what
it
was
millions
of
years
ago.
现在的地球与几百万年之前的地球不一样了。
(教材P43)An
ageing
society
is
one
in
which
the
population
of
people
over
the
age
of
60
is
increasing.
老龄化社会是指60岁以上的人口数量持续增长的社会。
【要点提炼】　本句为复合句，表语one后接in
which
引导的定语从句。
(1)one在句中作表语，起替代作用，以避免重复。若替代的名词为复数，则用复数形式的替代词ones。
(2)当句中的名词为单数可数名词，并且名词前是不定冠词时，用one代替该单数可数名词。
①A
promising
student
is
always
one
who
has
great
ambition
and
studies
hard.
有前途的学生总是有远大理想并且学习努力的人。
②I
still
need
a
few
ones
to
complete
my
dragon
year
stamp
album.
我还需要一些邮票才能集齐我的龙年邮票集。
[名师点津]　
the
one不与表示类属的of结构一起使用，此时应改为that；同样地，the
ones改为those。
①There
are
many
causes
of
the
accident—the
first
is
that
of
their
carelessness.
这起事故有多个原因，主要原因是他们的粗心。
②The
days
in
summer
are
longer
than
those
in
winter.
夏天的白天比冬天的白天要长。
语
境
自
主
领
悟
先观察原句
①Without
water，there
would
be
no
life.②You
would
be
much
better
now
if
you
had
taken
my
advice.③I
wish
I
knew
how
to
operate
the
machine.④I'd
rather
you
went
home
now.⑤Almost
all
his
friends
suggested
that
he
visit
Mr.Johnson
at
once.⑥It
is
strange
that
he(should)
have
so
many
friends.⑦His
suggestion
is
that
the
meeting
be
put
off.
后自主感悟
1.句①为含蓄虚拟句中的虚拟语气。2.句②为错综虚拟句。3.句④为would
rather的从句中的虚拟语气。4.句③⑤⑥⑦为名词性从句中的虚拟语气。
1．含蓄条件
(1)有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来，而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有：without，but
for，but
that，otherwise，or，if
only等。
But
for
electricity(＝If
there
were
no
electricity)，there
would
be
no
modern
industry.
要是没有电，就不会有现代工业。
(2)在某些暗含虚拟条件的简单句中，虚拟语气可通过上下文表现出来。谓语用should/would
do形式或should/would
have
done虚拟形式。
Any
man
in
his
position
would
have
done
like
that.
任何人处在他的位置都会那么做的。
You
should/ought
to
have
come
earlier.
你本应来得早点。
2．错综虚拟句
所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境对时态作相应的调整。
If
it
had
rained
last
night，the
ground
would
be
wet
now.要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。
You
would
be
much
better
now
if
you
had
taken
my
advice.假如你(当时)听我的话，你现在就会好多了。
If
I
had
not
got
married，I
would
still
have
been
living
abroad.如果我没结婚，我仍然会一直住在国外。
3．其他从句的虚拟语气
在表示建议、命令、要求以及“重要性”和“紧迫性”等含义的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语常用虚拟语气，由“动词原形”或“should＋动词原形”构成。现在分述如下：
(1)主语从句
①It
be＋形容词＋that...(should)...
用于该句型的形容词是：necessary，good，important，right，wrong，better，natural，proper，funny，strange，surprising。
一些名词也可以用于该结构中，如：a
pity，no
wonder等。
It's
necessary
that
we
(should)
have
a
walk
now.
我们有必要现在出去散步。
It's
natural
that
she
(should)
do
so.
她这样做是很自然的。
It's
important
that
we(should)take
good
care
of
the
patients.我们要照顾好病人是重要的。
②It
be＋过去分词＋that...(should)...
用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等动词的过去分词，如：desired，suggested，requested，ordered等。
It
is
required
that
he
(should)come
to
the
office
as
soon
as
possible.要求他尽快来办公室。
③It
is(about/high)time
that...＋过去式/should＋动词原形……
(2)宾语从句
①wish后的宾语从句
动词wish后接宾语从句时，从句谓语要用虚拟语气。
若要表示与现在事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用一般过去式或过去进行时；若表示与过去事实相反的愿望，从句谓语用过去完成时或would/could＋have＋过去分词；若表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望，用would/could＋动词原形。
I
wish
I
could
be
of
some
use.
我希望我能起到一些作用。
②表“建议、请求、命令、坚持、要求”等动词后的宾语从句。
主要像insist，order，command，suggest，advise，recommend等动词的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should＋动词原形”构成，其中should通常可以省略。
I
insisted
that
he
(should)
stay.我坚持要他留下。
He
ordered
that
it
(should)
be
sent
back.
他命令把它送回去。
He
commanded
that
we
(should)
attack
at
once.
他命令我们立即进攻。
They
recommend
that
this
tax
(should)
be
abolished.
他们建议取消这种税。
He
suggested
that
we
(should)
leave
early.
他建议我们早点动身。
The
doctor
advised
that
he
(should)
change
his
job.
医生劝他换工作。
[名师点津]　
insist表“坚持说；坚持认为”，suggest表“暗示；表明”之意时，从句不用虚拟语气。
(3)同位语从句和表语从句
在下列名词的同位语从句和表语从句中，谓语用虚拟语气：suggestion，order，instruction，advice。
He
gave
the
order
that
the
results
of
the
experiment
(should)be
rechecked.
他命令对那次实验的结果重新核对。
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．If
I
were(be)at
school
again，I
would
study
harder.
2．Without
your
help，we
couldn't
have
finished(not
finish)
the
work.
3．I
wish
that
I
had
met(meet)
that
film
star
yesterday.
4．He
suggested
that
we(should)start
off(start
off)early
the
next
day.
5．We
all
agree
to
his
suggestion
that
we(should)go(go)to
Dalian
for
sightseeing.
6．If
you
had
come(come)earlier，you
would
have
caught
the
bus.
7．The
man
insisted
that
he
had
never
stolen(never
steal)the
money.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．I
will
write
to
her,
but
I
don't
know
her
address.will→would
2．I'd
rather
you
haven't
told
me
about
it.haven't→hadn't
3．I
wish
it
is
spring
in
my
hometown
all
the
year
around.is→were
4．The
doctor
suggested
that
he
tried
to
lose
his
weight.tried→try
5．It
is
desired
that
we
will
get
everything
ready
this
evening.will→should
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．What
makes
the
matter
worse
is
that
it
begins
to
rain.
2．His
exam
results
were
not
very
good,
but
we
must
take
his
long
illness
into
account.
3．Consequently(consequent),
his
long
illness
led
to
his
absence
from
school.
4．The
bus
broke
down
and
all
the
passengers
had
to
get
off
it.
5．Many
people
are
opposed
to
the
sale
of
arms
on
principle.
6．I
wish
that
I
had
seen(see)
her
yesterday.
7．It
occurred
to
me
that
I
could
have
the
book
sent
to
me.
8．I
can't
afford
to
go(go)
to
a
restaurant
every
day.
9．It
contributes
to
accomplishing(accomplish)
trip
goals
safely
and
enjoyably.
10．The
progress
of
the
society
is
based
on
harmony.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．After
that
seemed
like
hours，he
came
out
with
a
bitter
smile.that→what
2．The
teachers
promised
to
take
account
the
wishes
of
the
parents
before
making
any
changes.account后加of
3．Consequent,
it
is
important
that
we
take
three
measures
to
solve
this
problem.Consequent→Consequently
4．Because
of
a
serious
murder,
he
was
sentenced
to
die.die→death
5．I
suppose
you
heard
that
I
broke
up
my
boyfriend.up后加with
Ⅲ.完成句子
1．What
he
said
so
many
years
ago
is
so
true
today
in
this
information
age.
他许多年前说过的话在今天这个信息时代仍是这般地正确。
2．On
no
account
should
we
give
up
this
job.
我们决不能放弃这项工作。
3．In
consequence
of
the
rain,
the
tennis
match
was
delayed.
由于下雨，网球赛延期了。
4．The
new
law
will
abolish
the
old
system．
新法令将废止旧的系统。
5．The
thief
broke
away
from
the
policeman
and
ran
down
the
street.
小偷挣脱了警察，沿着大街跑了。
PAGEUnit
24
Society
Section
Ⅶ　Writing——议论文
本单元的写作项目属于新课标中的议论文写作。这种写作要求我们就有关问题进行分析并针对这些问题提出自己的观点、看法和解决建议。
议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。作者通过摆事实、讲道理、辨是非，以确定其观点的正确或错误，树立或否定某种主张，议论文应该观点明确，论据充分，语言精练，论证合理，有严密的逻辑性。议论文在高考中常以图表、提纲或图画的形式出现。写此类作文时可采用三段式，即：
1．第一段根据图表、提纲或图画提出问题。
2．第二段阐明正、反方观点。
3．第三段阐明个人观点。
1．As
is
known
to
all,
it
is
important
to
be/do
...
2．I
think
there
are
at
least
two
reasons
for...
3．From
what
I
have
mentioned
above,
we
can
see
that
without...we
cannot...
4．Different
people,
however,
have
different
opinions
on
this
matter.
5．Some
people
think
that...
6．Others
argue
that...
7．In
their
opinion,
nobody
can...without...
8．Compared
with...,
...has
a
lot
of
advantages
over...
9．There
is
no
doubt
that...
10．In
short,
I
firmly
support
the
view
that
...
11．People
take/have/adopt
different
views
about...
12．It
is
generally
considered
that...
13．There's
a
widespread
concern
about...
最近，某机构针对2
384名青少年使用手机上网的情况进行了一次调查。结果如下：
调查内容
使用手机上网的情况
59%
偶尔浏览不健康的信息
67.3%
依赖手机或手机网络
90.9%
正在或曾经使用社交软件
请你根据以上素材，为某英语报纸写一篇稿件，陈述这项调查的结果，并对这个现象进行简短的评论。
注意：词数100左右。
体裁
议论文
时态
一般现在时为主
主题
青少年使用手机
人称
第三人称为主
结构
第一段：描述表格内容；第二段：阐述个人看法。
Ⅰ.对接单元词汇
1．glance
through
浏览
2．rely
on
依赖
3．what's
more
而且，并且
4．social
networking
software
社交软件
5．advantages
and
disadvantages
优点和缺点
6．take
measures
采取措施
7．limit
限制
8．focus
one's
attention
on
集中精力
Ⅱ.巧用单元句式、语法
(一)完成句子
1．What's
more,
90.9%
say
they
are
using
or
have
used
social
networking
software．
再者，90.9%的说他们正在用或用过社交软件。
2．Parents
should
limit
the
time
that
their
children
spend
playing
with
mobile
phones
or
surfing
the
Internet.
父母应该限制他们孩子花在玩手机或上网的时间。
(二)句式升级
1．67.3%的人承认他们太依赖手机或网络以致没有手机就不能活。
67.3%
of
them
admit
they
rely
on
their
mobile
phones
or
the
Internet
and
they
couldn't
live
without
them.(用so...that改写上面句子)
67.3%
of
them
admit
they
rely
on
their
mobile
phones
or
the
Internet
so
much
that
they
couldn't
live
without
them.
2．政府应采取措施保证网络安全。
The
government
should
take
measures
to
make
sure
the
Internet
is
safe
for
teenagers.(使用It's
important
that...改写上面句子)
It
is
important
that
the
government
should
take
measures
to
make
sure
the
Internet
is
safe
for
teenagers.
3．只有这样青少年才能集中精力学习。
The
teenagers
can
focus
their
attention
on
their
lessons
in
this
way.(使用only＋状语...的倒装句改写句子)
Only
in
this
way
can
the
teenagers
focus
their
attention
on
their
lessons.
【参考范文】
A
survey
conducted
recently
shows
that
59%
of
the
2，384
teenagers
glance
through
the
unhealthy
information
on
the
Internet
now
and
then.67.3%
of
them
admit
they
rely
on
their
mobile
phones
or
the
Internet
so
much
that
they
couldn't
live
without
them.What's
worse，90.9%
say
they
are
using
or
have
used
social
networking
software.
Every
coin
has
two
sides.Surfing
the
Internet
brings
disadvantages
and
advantages.I
think
the
government
should
take
measures
to
ensure
the
Internet
safe
for
teenagers.Besides,
parents
should
limit
the
time
that
their
children
spend
playing
with
mobile
phones
or
surfing
the
Internet.Only
in
this
way
can
teenagers
focus
their
attention
on
their
lessons.
PAGEUnit
24
Society
【导读】　《红字》讲述了发生在北美殖民时期的恋爱悲剧。女主人公海丝特·白兰嫁给了医生奇灵渥斯，他们之间却没有爱情。在孤独中白兰与牧师丁梅斯代尔相恋并生下女儿珠儿。白兰被当众惩罚，戴上标志“通奸”的红色A字示众。然而白兰坚贞不屈，拒不说出孩子的父亲。小说惯用象征手法，人物、情节和语言都颇具主观想象色彩，在描写中又常把人的心理活动和直觉放在首位。
【节选】
In
this
manner,
the
mysterious
old
Roger
Chillingworth
became
the
medical
adviser
of
the
Reverend
Mr.Dimmesdale.As
not
only
the
disease
interested
the
physician,
but
he
was
strongly
moved
to
look
into
the
character
and
qualities
of
the
patient,
these
two
men,
so
different
in
age,
came
gradually
to
spend
much
time
together.For
the
sake
of
the
minister's
health,
and
to
enable
the
leech
to
gather
plants
with
healing
balm
in
them,
they
took
long
walks
on
the
sea?shore,
or
in
the
forest;
mingling
various
talk
with
the
plash
and
murmur
of
the
waves,
and
the
solemn
wind?anthem
among
the
tree?tops.Often,
likewise,
one
was
the
guest
of
the
other,
in
his
place
of
study
and
retirement.There
was
a
fascination
for
the
minister
in
the
company
of
the
man
of
science,
in
whom
he
recognised
an
intellectual
cultivation
of
no
moderate
depth
or
scope;
together
with
a
range
and
freedom
of
ideas,
that
he
would
have
vainly
looked
for
among
the
members
of
his
own
profession.In
truth,
he
was
startled,
if
not
shocked,
to
find
this
attribute
in
the
physician.Mr.Dimmesdale
was
a
true
priest,
a
true
religionist,
with
the
reverential
sentiment
largely
developed,
and
an
order
of
mind
that
impelled
itself
powerfully
along
the
track
of
a
creed,
and
wore
its
passage
continually
deeper
with
the
lapse
of
time.In
no
state
of
society
would
he
have
been
what
is
called
a
man
of
liberal
views;
it
would
always
be
essential
to
his
peace
to
feel
the
pressure
of
a
faith
about
him,
supporting,
while
it
confined
him
within
its
iron
framework.Not
the
less,
however,
though
with
a
tremulous
enjoyment,
did
he
feel
the
occasional
relief
of
looking
at
the
universe
through
the
medium
of
another
kind
of
intellect
than
those
with
which
he
habitually
held
converse.It
was
as
if
a
window
were
thrown
open,
admitting
a
freer
atmosphere
into
the
close
and
stifled
study,
where
his
life
was
wasting
itself
away,
amid
lamplight,
or
obstructed
day?beams,
and
the
musty
fragrance,
be
it
sensual
or
moral,
that
exhales
from
books.But
the
air
was
too
fresh
and
chill
to
be
long
breathed
with
comfort.So
the
minister,
and
the
physician
with
him,
withdrew
again
within
the
limits
of
what
their
church
defined
as
orthodox.
Thus
Roger
Chillingworth
scrutinised
his
patient
carefully,
both
as
he
saw
him
in
his
ordinary
life,
keeping
an
accustomed
pathway
in
the
range
of
thoughts
familiar
to
him,
and
as
he
appeared
when
thrown
amidst
other
moral
scenery,
the
novelty
of
which
might
call
out
something
new
to
the
surface
of
his
character.He
deemed
it
essential,
it
would
seem,
to
know
the
man,
before
attempting
to
do
him
good.Wherever
there
is
a
heart
and
an
intellect,
the
diseases
of
the
physical
frame
are
tinged
with
the
peculiarities
of
these.In
Arthur
Dimmesdale,
thought
and
imagination
were
so
active,
and
sensibility
so
intense,
that
the
bodily
infirmity
would
be
likely
to
have
its
groundwork
there.So
Roger
Chillingworth?the
man
of
skill,
the
kind
and
friendly
physician?strove
to
go
deep
into
his
patient's
bosom,
delving
among
his
principles,
prying
into
his
recollections,
and
probing
everything
with
a
cautious
touch,
like
a
treasure?seeker
in
a
dark
cavern.Few
secrets
can
escape
an
investigator,
who
has
opportunity
and
license
to
undertake
such
a
quest,
and
skill
to
follow
it
up.A
man
burdened
with
a
secret
should
especially
avoid
the
intimacy
of
his
physician.If
the
latter
possess
native
sagacity,
and
a
nameless
something
more?let
us
call
it
intuition;
if
he
show
no
intrusive
egotism,
nor
disagreeably
prominent
characteristics
of
his
own;
if
he
have
the
power,
which
must
be
born
with
him,
to
bring
his
mind
into
such
affinity
with
his
patient's,
that
this
last
shall
unawares
have
spoken
what
he
imagines
himself
only
to
have
thought;
if
such
revelations
be
received
without
tumult,
and
acknowledged
not
so
often
by
an
uttered
sympathy
as
by
silence,
an
inarticulate
breath,
and
here
and
there
a
word,
to
indicate
that
all
is
understood;
if
to
these
qualifications
of
a
confidant
be
joined
the
advantages
afforded
by
his
recognised
character
as
a
physician?then,
at
some
inevitable
moment,
will
the
soul
of
the
sufferer
be
dissolved,
and
flow
forth
in
a
dark,
but
transparent
stream,
bringing
all
its
mysteries
into
the
daylight.
就这样，神秘的老罗杰·齐灵渥斯成了丁梅斯代尔牧师先生的健康顾问。这位医生不仅对疾病感兴趣，而且还对他的病人的个性和品质严加窥测。这两个人虽然在年纪上相差悬殊，但逐渐共同消磨过更多的时间了。为了牧师的健康，而且也使医生能够收集具有奇效的植物，他俩在海滨、林间长时间散步，聆听海浪的低语与林涛的戾鸣。同样，他俩也时常到彼此的书斋和卧室中去作客。对牧师来说，这位科学家的陪伴中自有一种魅力，因为从他身上可以看出广博精深的知识修养，以及浩渺无际的自由观念——这在自己的同行中是万难找到的。事实上，他在医生身上发现了这些特色，即使没有引起震惊，也足以深感诧异。丁梅斯代尔先生是一个地道的牧师，一个真正的笃信宗教的人，他有高度发展的虔诚的感情和有力地推动着自身沿着信仰的道路前进的心境，而且会随着时间的流逝而日渐深入。无论在何种社会形态中，他都不会是那种所谓有自由见解的人；他总要感到周围有一种信仰的压力，才能心平气和，这信仰既支撑着他，又将他禁闭在其铁笼之中。然而当他放弃惯常采用的认识而换用另一种知识媒介来观察宇宙时，他也确实感到一种偶然的舒畅，尽管这种喜悦之中仍带着几分震颤。犹如打开了一扇窗户，使一种更自由的气息得以进入那闭锁和窒人的书斋，而他通常就在这里的灯光或遮着的阳光之下，伴着从经书中散发出来的霉烂气味——不管是感官上还是道德上的，消耗着他的生命。但这破窗而入的空气又过于清冷，使他无法坦然地长久吸取。于是，牧师和陪伴他的医生只好再龟缩到他们的教会划为正宗的禁区之内。
罗杰·齐灵渥斯就是这样仔细检查他的病人的：一方面，观察他的日常生活，看他在熟悉的思绪上所保持的惯常的途径，另一方面，也观察他被投入另一种道德境界时的表现，因为那种境界的新意可能唤起某些新东西浮出他性格的表面。看来，医生认为首先要了解其人，然后才能对症下药。凡有心智的东西，其躯体上的病痛必然染有心智上的特色。在阿瑟·丁梅斯代尔的身上，他的思维和想象力十分活跃，他的情感又是十分专注，他身体上的病症大概根源于此。于是，罗杰·齐灵渥斯，那位和善友好又技艺精湛的医生，就竭力深入他病人的心扉，挖掘于他的准则之中，探询着他的记忆，而且如同一个在黑暗的洞穴中寻找宝藏的人一样，小心翼翼地触摸每一件东西。象他这样一个得到机会和特许来从事这种探索，而且又有熟巧将其进行下去的调查人，很少有秘密能逃过他的眼睛。一个荷有秘密的人应该特别避免与医生亲密相处。假如那医生有天生的洞察力，还有难以名状的某种能力——我们姑且称之为直觉吧，假如他没有流露出颐指气使的唯我独尊，他自己又没有鲜明的难以相处的个性，假如他生来就有一种与病人脉脉相通的能力，借此使病人丧失警觉，以致自言自语地说出心中所想的事，假如他平静地听到这些表白，只是偶尔用沉默无声的同情，用自然而然的喘息，以及间或的一两个字眼，表示充分的理解，假如在一个可信赖的人的这些品格上加上他那医生身分所提供的有利条件——那么，在某些难以避免的时刻，患者的灵魂便会融解，在一个黑暗而透明的小溪中涓涓向前，把全部隐私带到光天化日之下。
[知识积累]
1．for
the
sake
of
为了……
2．in
the
company
of
在……陪伴下
3．in
truth
事实上
4．undertake
vt.从事；承担
[文化链接]
《红字》作者简介
霍桑(1804－1864)，美国19世纪后期浪漫主义文学的重要作家。他的代表作《红字》一经问世，便引起了巨大轰动。小说以深邃的主题，象征、隐喻等艺术手法的运用而形成了独特的风格，其中象征手法影响了《白鲸》的作者麦尔维尔、法国的波德莱尔以及现代派文学的象征主义。此外，霍桑对美国文学史上一批卓有成就的作家诸如海明威、菲兹杰拉德、福克纳等都产生过影响。
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