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句子成分-基础句型（一）
通用版
小升初
句子成分/
基本句型
课程引入
课程讲解
课堂总结
目录
课程引入
这两句话的翻译正确吗？
How
are
you？
怎么是你?
How
old
are
you?
怎么老是你?
不可以完全按照中文的表达习惯学习英语哦！
我们需要了解中英文表达习惯的差异。
How
are
you？
你好吗?
How
old
are
you?
你几岁啦?
中文句子偏线形
英文句子偏树形
我
爱
学
英语。
主语+谓语
宾语
补语
e.g.
I
go
to
school
by
bike
every
day.
状语
定语
课程讲解
什么是句子呢？
我，是句子吗？
你，是句子吗？
我爱你，是句子吗？
请思考：
我，是句子吗？
你，是句子吗？
我爱你，是句子吗？
句子是指由词和词组通过句法构成的、
能够表达完整意思的语言单位。
那么，句子成分又是什么呢？
I
love
you.
我爱你。
I
love
you.
主语：
谓语：
宾语：
I
love
you.
主语：I
谓语：love
宾语：you
I
love
you.
主语：动作的发出者。
谓语：动作本身。
宾语：动作的承受者。
主语(S)：动作的发出者,主要叙述对象或主要内容,多在句首
1.名词作主语：
English
is
my
favourite
subject.
2.代词作主语：
That's
OK.
3.数词作主语：
Two
will
be
enough.
……
谓语(V)：简单动词/动词短语
（助动词/情态动词+主要动词）构成
Lisa
teaches
us
English.
Lisa教我们英语。
谓语
动词
系动词
I
am
a
student.
情态动词(不可单独作谓语)
He
can
speak
English.
实义动词
She
runs
fast.
主+系+表
主+谓+宾
主+谓/
主+谓+宾
实义
动词
主+谓+宾
主+谓
及物动词(必须跟宾语意义才完整)
I
buy
a
book.
不及物动词(本身意义完整，不必跟宾语)
I
work.
01
02
05
03
1.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词)
I
swim.
我游泳。
01
02
05
03
1.主语(S)+谓语(Vi不及物动词)
e.g.
Time
flies.
The
car
stopped.
You
will
see.
I
am
dancing.
时态的改变都体现在动词上哦！
掌握主语和谓语动词，距离掌握句型就成功了一半哦！
01
02
05
03
2.主语(S)+谓语(Vt及物动词)+宾语(O)
I
watch
TV.
我看电视。
宾语(O)：动作行为的对象或承受者，
放在及物动词或介词之后。
We
study
English.
我们学习英语。
01
02
05
03
2.主语(S)+谓语(Vt及物动词)+宾语(O)
e.g.
I
can
speak
English.
He
will
go
to
school.
Lily
lost
her
bag.
The
children
are
playing
football.
连词成句
1.basketball,
he,
play,
can
(.)
____________________________
步骤：1.找主语
2.找谓语动词
3.找宾语
连词成句
1.basketball,
he,
play,
can
(.)
____________________________
步骤：1.找主语
2.找谓语动词
3.找宾语
主语
动词
宾语
连词成句
1.basketball,
he,
play,
can
(.)
____________________________
步骤：1.找主语
2.找谓语动词
3.找宾语
He
can
play
basketball.
01
02
05
03
3.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)
I
am
a
student。
我是一名学生。
位于系动词之后
系动词：1.状态系动词：be动词(am/is/are/was.were)
e.g.
Five
plus
two
is
seven.
2.持续系动词：keep,stay,seem等
e.g.
I
stay
quiet.
3.感官系动词：look,sound,smell,taste,feel等
e.g.
It
tastes
good.
4.变成系动词：get,grow,turn,become等
e.g.
He
became
mad
after
that.
My
hobby
is
reading.
表语：也叫主语补语，用来说明主语的特征、状态等,补充说明主语的意义,一般用在系动词后面
请选出下列句子中的表语
1.The
old
man
is
feeling
very
tired.
A.the
old
man
B.is
C.feeling
D.tired
2.His
job
was
to
paint
the
wall.
A.his
job
B.was
C.paint
the
wall
D.paint
(
)
(
)
请选出下列句子中的表语
1.The
old
man
is
feeling
very
tired.
A.the
old
man
B.is
C.feeling
D.tired
2.His
job
was
to
paint
the
wall.
A.his
job
B.was
C.paint
the
wall
D.paint
(D)
(C)
01
02
05
03
3.主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)
e.g.
That
sounds
good.
Your
dream
will
come
ture.
The
weather
became
windy.
We
grows
older
and
older.
连词成句
1.These,
good,
are,
carrots
(.)
____________________________
2.not,
am,
thirsty,
I
(.)
_____________________________
步骤：1.找主语
2.找系动词
连词成句
1.These,
good,
are,
carrots
(.)
______________________________________
2.not,
am,
thirsty,
I
(.)
______________________________________
系动词
系
动词
主语
主语
连词成句
1.These,
good,
are,
carrots
(.)
____________________________
2.not,
am,
thirsty,
I
(.)
_____________________________
There
are
good
carrots.
I
am
not
thirsty.
01
02
05
03
4.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)
I
send
you
a
gift.
我给你一个礼物。
01
02
05
03
4.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)
I
send
you
a
gift.
我给你一个礼物。
人间物直
01
02
05
03
4.主语(S)+谓语(V)+间接宾语(O)+直接宾语(O)
I
will
give
the
book
to
you.
She
teaches
us
English.
Please
lend
me
some
money,will
you?
My
father
bought
me
a
new
dress
yesterday.
e.g.
请划出句子中的直接宾语,圈出间接宾语。
1.Please
tell
us
a
story.
2.My
brother
bought
a
new
bike
for
me
last
week.
3.Mr.Li
is
going
to
teach
us
Maths
next
term.
4.Here
is
a
pen,give
it
to
Tom.
5.Did
he
leave
anything
for
me?
请划出句子中的直接宾语,圈出间接宾语。
1.Please
tell
us
a
story.
2.My
brother
bought
a
new
bike
for
me
last
week.
3.Mr.Li
is
going
to
teach
us
Maths
next
term.
4.Here
is
a
pen,give
it
to
Tom.
5.Did
he
leave
anything
for
me?
01
02
05
03
5.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)
Reading
makes
me
happy.
阅读使我快乐。
01
02
05
03
5.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)
Reading
makes
me
happy.
阅读使我快乐。
01
02
05
03
5.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)
Reading
makes
me
happy.
阅读使我快乐。
dad
mom
baby
babysitter
I
found
English
easy.
我发现英语不难。
补语：起补充说明的作用。有主语补足语和宾语补足语
01
02
05
03
5.主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)+补语(C)
Keep
your
room
clean.
I
found
English
easy.
Smoke
from
cars
makes
the
air
dirty.
Lee
left
his
mobile
phone
at
home
just
now.
e.g.
5种基本句型
句子类型又有什么用呢？
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、
定语、状语和补语。
概念须知：
I
met
my
best
friend
Tom
at
the
station
yesterday.
我昨天在这个车站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom.
组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表语、
定语、状语和补语。
概念须知：
I
met
my
best
friend
Tom
at
the
station
yesterday.
主语
谓语
定语
宾语
状语
我昨天在这个车站遇到了我最好的朋友Tom。
We
often
play
basketball
on
the
playground
after
school.
状语：说明地点、时间、程度、频率、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、方式和伴随状况等。
请选出下列句子中的状语。
(
)1.I
will
go
there
tomorrow.
A.I
B.will
go
C.there
D.tomorrow
(
)2.He
studies
hard
to
pass
the
exam.
A.he
B.studies
C.hard
D.pass
请选出下列句子中的状语。
(
D
)1.I
will
go
there
tomorrow.
A.I
B.will
go
C.there
D.tomorrow
(
C
)2.He
studies
hard
to
pass
the
exam.
A.he
B.studies
C.hard
D.pass
I
saw
a
girl.
I
saw
a
beautiful
girl.
定语：修饰主语或宾语的成分
1.The
bike
in
the
room
is
mine.
2.Do
you
know
the
number
of
the
guests?
3.The
girl
in
red
dress
is
my
sister.
定语：修饰名词/代词品质或特征的成分,
汉语中常用”……的“表示
e.g.
请选出下列句子中的定语。
(
)1.She
was
a
small
lovely
girl.
A.She
B.was
C.small
lovely
D.girl
(
)2.There
are
two
boys
in
the
room.
A.There
are
B.two
C.two
boys
D.in
the
room
请选出下列句子中的定语。
(C
)1.She
was
a
small
lovely
girl.
A.She
B.was
C.small
lovely
D.girl
(
B
)2.There
are
two
boys
in
the
room.
A.There
are
B.two
C.two
boys
D.in
the
room
主谓宾、定状补，主干枝叶分清楚。
主干成分主谓宾，枝叶成分定状补。
定语必居主宾前，谓前为状谓后补。
状语有时位主前，逗号分开心有数。
句子成分划分口诀
主语(S)+谓语(V)
主语(S)+谓语(V)+宾语(O)
主语(S)+系动词(Link.V)+表语(P)
主语(S)+谓语(V)
+间接宾语(O)
+直接宾语(O)
主语(S)+谓语(V)
+宾语(O)+补语(C)
5种基本句型
来练习吧！
填一填
Homework:
请分析下列划线单词的成分。
1.Our
school
is
not
far
from
my
home.
2.My
father
bought
me
a
pair
of
shoes.
3.I
can
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
4.The
naughty
monkey
is
sleeping
now.
5.At
last
he
got
home,tired
and
hungry.
请分析下列划线单词的成分。
1.Our
school
is
not
far
from
my
home.
2.My
father
bought
me
a
pair
of
shoes.
3.I
can
be
a
doctor
in
the
future.
4.The
naughty
monkey
is
sleeping
now.
5.At
last
he
got
home,tired
and
hungry.
（表语）
（直接宾语）
（状语）
（定语）
（表语）
My
mother
____
busy
last
weekend.She
____my
grandma
on
Saturday
morning.
They
____
noodles
together.
___
the
evening,she
___
the
clothes.She
often
____
to
the
park,but
she
____
my
bedroom
last
Sunday.
In
the
afternoon,
she
went
shopping.
She
watched
TV
____
me
in
the
evening.
She
was
very
tired
last
weekend.So
I
will
help
my
mother
do
housework
____
weekend.
cooked
was
in
on
goes
visited
washed
cleaned
with
选词填空
My
mother
____
busy
last
weekend.She
_______my
grandma
on
Saturday
morning.
They
________
noodles
together.
___
the
evening,she
_______
the
clothes.She
often
____
to
the
park,but
she
_______
my
bedroom
last
Sunday.
In
the
afternoon,
she
went
shopping.
She
watched
TV
____
me
in
the
evening.
She
was
very
tired
last
weekend.So
I
will
help
my
mother
do
housework
____
weekend.
cooked
was
in
on
goes
visited
washed
cleaned
with
选词填空
was
visited
cooked
In
washed
goes
cleaned
with
on
课堂总结
5种基本句型
7大句子成分表
Thank
you
for
listening!
谢谢
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