资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
中考英语·完型填空复习指导
（一）完型填空概述和解题技巧
1．各小题有四项答案的完型填空中，只有一项最佳，其余均是干扰性的或迷惑性的。做完型填空时，要注意下列几个步骤：
第一步，要快速通读全文，了解文章大意，正确分析、归纳文章主旨。
第二步，在理解文章大意基础上，对每道题所给的词语进行剖析，考虑语境，上下呼应，运用逻辑思维进行推理，再根据自己最有把握的、最熟悉的短语、习惯用语、动词形式和句子结构等，先完成简单的，把难的留在后面。
第三步，再细读全文，集中精力解决难点，填补空缺。
第四步，答题完毕，遵循由整体到局部、由局部到整体的规律，再耐心通读全文，认真复查所选答案是否得当，语法是否正确，逻辑推理是否合理。
2．首字母已给的完型填空比“四选一”的完型填空还要难些。除了掌握上述四步的答题技巧外，还要了解空格所缺词的词性，确保语法的正确性，注意数的变化。在填名词时，应联系文章的主题，注意它的单复数；在填动词时，要注意它的时态、语态；在填连词时，注意分析文章中前后句和上下文的逻辑关系；在填形容词和副词时，注意比较级和最高级的用法；在填代词时，要注意它的性、数、格是否准确；在填介词时，注意它的固定搭配和常用语法特点。
（二）经典例题解析
1．根据上下文的情景确定“意义”上正确的词
利用上下文信息，选择或填写正确的词是完型填空解题时最常用的方法之一。在做四选一的完型填空时，我们有时会发现每一个选项从语法角度来讲都可以说得通，遇到这种情况，我们应细读上下文，正确答案会在上下文中得到提示。试看以下例题：
[例1]
What
do
I
remember
about
my
childhood?
There
were
good
things
and
bad
things.
We
used
to
live______
,
and
my
parents
always
got
up
early
in
the
morning
to
feed
the
cows
and
sheep.
A.
in
a
town
B.
on
a
farm
C.
on
a
busy
street
D.
in
a
city
【解析】本段主要讲作者回忆儿童时代所居住的地点。从四个选项来看都是可能的，语法上都说得通。但通过下文my
parents
always
got
up
early
in
the
morning
to
feed
the
cows
and
sheep.提示我们可以知道作者生活在农村，正确答案选B。
[例2]
1
was
making
a
trip
from
Paris
to
London.
At
a
small
town
near
London,
I
stopped
to
do
some
s
.As
l
was
going
into
a
very
crowded
shop.
I
saw
a
few
young
people
talk
in
about
something
they
had
just
b
【解析】本段主要讲作者在伦敦的一个小镇的经历。在第一空格上，由下文a
very
crowded
shop这个词组可以推断应填shopping，这样也就很容易判断第二空格内应填bought了。
[例3]
I
always
remember
waking
up
to
the
smell
of
the
breakfast
my
mother
was
cooking.
What
a
wonderful
smell!
I
used
to
_______
,wash
quickly
and
run
downstairs.
My
breakfast
would
be
waiting
for
me
on
the
table.
A.
leave
the
bed
B.lie
in
bed
C.
jump
out
of
bed
D.
get
up
【解析】本段讲每天早上妈妈煮的早餐发出诱人的香味，使得躺在床上的我立即起床。根据题干，A、C、D均和床有关联，但是按上下文情景的提示，此处还要表达作者的一种迫不及待的心情。因此只能选C。
[例4]
This
is
a
special
class.
The
students
come
from
different
c
l
.
Some
come
from
America,
others
from
Germany,
France,
Japan.
Their
parents
are
w
2
in
Shanghai.
【解析】这是一个特殊的班级，学生们来自于不同的地方。根据下文提到的America，Germany，France，Japan，可以判断第一格指的是国家country，由此也推断出学生的父母亲目前在上海工作。第二格由于谓语动词是be动词，所以这里的时态为进行时，表示目前状态。故应填现在分词working。
2．根据词汇的辨析和词组的搭配来解题
在选项中设置四个词性一致、意义相近的词是完型填空命题时常用的手段之一。在做此类题目时，必须要在特定的语境中选择最佳，或者也可以推敲一些固定的词组搭配来进行选项。在做首字母完型填空时，尤其应注意空格所缺单词的词性及词组搭配。
[例1]
On
the
train,
Tom
was
looking
l
for
his
ticket
because
the
conductor
was
coming
__
2
to
his
ticket.
1.
A.
out
B.
forward
C.
anywhere
D.
everywhere
2．A.
down
B.
up
C.
in
D.
on
【解析】第一空格指Tom在火车上到处找车票，因此选D。everywhere为最佳答案，anywhere常用于否定句和疑问句中。第二空格意为列车员上前查票，走到某人面前come
up
to
sb.为固定词组搭配，因此选B。
[例2]
After
going
a
diet,
a
woman
f
l
really
good
about
herself—especially
she
was
a
2
to
fit
into
a
pair
of
jeans.“Look,
Look!"
She
shouted
while
running
downstairs
to
show
her
husband．
【解析】本段落主要讲一位女士经过减肥后可以穿得上一条牛仔裤，并要演示给她丈夫看的情景。第一格表达主人公的感觉很好，因此填felt；第二格表达她能够穿上牛仔裤了，be
able
to为固定搭配。
[例3]
A
Japanese
manager
once
said
he
himself
and
his
workers
would
all
stand
while
they
were
having
meetings.
Do
you
_________what
he
means?
A.
think
B.
guess
C.
know
D.
understand
【解析】本段讲述了一个日本经理和他的员工在开会时将都站着。本题问的是你知道他说话的含义吗。从四个选项看，A和B放人句中意思不通，而C和D两个答案很接近。D选项强调理解他的意思，从上文句子看当然很好理解这句话讲述了什么事。但是其中的含义就不知道了。因此选项C才是最合适的。
[例4]
In
March
1982,
there
was
a
t
drought
in
Australia.
The
summer
rain
didn't
fall,
and
the
grass
didn't
grow.
The
farmers
had
to
sell
all
their
sheep.
Many
sheep
d
of
hungry.
【解析】从下句the
summer...推断这是一场严重的干旱，第一空格填terrible。根据上文提及的严重干旱可以知道由此而导致很多羊死于饥饿，die
of是固定词组，第二空格填died。
3．利用逻辑关系解题
利用逻辑关系是完型填空命题设计过程中用得较多的方法之一。解这类题目时需要我们多注意周围生活常识、行文的脉络及句子之间的转承关系。
[例1]
The
English
language
has
now
become
an
international
language
because
it
is
widely
used
by
most
countries
in
the
world,
____you
want
to
do
business
with
foreigners,
you
have
to
learn
English,
for
most
of
them
speak
and
write
English.
A．As?
?
B．If?
??
?C．So?
??
?D．Since
【解析】本段主要讲述英语语言在世界上被广泛地运用，后面一句是举例说明。假如你想跟外国人做生意，你就必须学英文，因为他们大多数人讲英文。两句句子是论点和论据的关系，论据部分用了假设的条件关系。因此，在理清句子之间的脉络之后，很容易知道应选B。
[例2]
Western
country
music
describes
life.
It
talks
about
love,
jobs,
home
and
money.
It
talks
about
friends
and
enemies,
farms
and
crops.
People
in
many
parts
of
the
world
like
western
country
music
___b____
everyone
knows
something
about
these
ideas.
【解析】我们中国人对于西方乡村音乐还是有所了解的，它描述生活中的一些事情，如爱情，事业，家庭，朋友，农场，庄稼等，人们对乡村音乐耳濡目染。本段的最后一句因与前文存在因果关系，因此填because。
[例3]
Sadly,
it
is
very
difficult
for
pandas
to
live
in
the
world.
Here
are
some
of
the_______
that
pandas
may
have
in
the
future.
If
hunters
catch
a
panda,
they
will
kill
it
for
its
fur.
If
farmers
cut
down
trees
and
forests,
pandas
will
have
no
place
to
live
in.
A.
examples?
??
?
B.
questions?
??
??
?C.
matters?
??
??
?D.
problems
【解析】根据下文people
will
kill
pandas和pandas
will
have
no
place
to
live
in可以判断，这都是说明熊猫在将来可能面临的问题。B选项questions只是表达一般的问题。D项最为恰当。
[例4]
A
month
later,
Mary
hadn't
heard
from
Peter
or
received
any
money,
__s_____
she
phoned
him.
【解析】根据上文Mary
hadn't
heard
from
Peter和下文she
phoned
him可以判断两句之间存在着因果关系。因此填so。
4．利用语法和句型解题
这类题目主要考查学生在一定的语境中运用语法知识和识别句型的能力。由于学生对这类选项把握较大，因此这类题型的数量越来越少。
[例1]
The
earth
is
our
home.
We
must
take
care
of
it.
Life
today
is
easier
than
it
was________
years
ago,
but
it
has
brought
some
new
problems.
A.
hundred
B.
hundreds
of
C.
hundred
of
D.
hundreds
【解析】答案为B。此句主要考查数词的用法。表示具体几百时，应是some
hundred；表示成百上千时，则是hundreds
of。
[例2]
Every
day,
standing
at
my
information
desk,
I
have
to
answer
a
lot
of
questions
of
the
travelers
coming
from
all
___o__
the
world.
【解析】答案为over。all
over
the
world是一个最为常见的固定搭配。
[例3]
Grandma
Yang
lives
alone
in
our
neighborhood.
Her
husband
has
been
dead
for
eight
years.
Her
only
son
lives
and
works
in
Britain.
He
asked
her
mother
to
go
to
Britain
so
that
he
can
look
________her.
But
Grandma
Yang
won't
go.
A.
for
B.
around
C.
after
D.
care
【解析】look
for意为寻找；look
around意为向四周看；look
after意为照顾。根据上文He
asked
her
mother
to
go
to
Britain这一提示我们可以知道儿子为了是照顾妈妈，所以选C。
[例4]
April
Fools'
Day
is
on
April
l.
People
can
play
___j____
on
others
on
this
special
day.
If
you
succeed,
you
usually
laugh
and
say,
“April
Fool!”
【解析】根据文章意思，在4月1日愚人节这天，人们经常相互开玩笑。从语法角度看，play
jokes
on
sb.是固定词组。所以答案是jokes。
[例5]
Around
the
world,
people
have
different
ideas
about
what
good
manners
are.
When
you
go
to
restaurants
in
different
parts
of
the
world,
it's
important
to
know
the
right
and
wrong
things
to
do.
For
example,
in
China
it's
OK
to
____1____
a
lot
of
noise
in
a
restaurant.
In
fact,
if
a
restaurant
isn't
noisy
and
____2____
,you
may
think
there's
something
wrong
with
it.
However,
in
many
western
countries,
restaurants
are
quiet
places.
If
a
table
is
too
loud,
other
people
who
are
eating
there
might
even
____3____
to
the
owner
of
the
restaurant.
Paving
the
bill
is
also
different
from
country
to
country.
In
China,
one
person
usually
pays
for
____4____
．In
western
countries,
one
person
pays
if
he
or
she
is
entertaining
clients（宴请宾客）,
but
____5____
friends
eat
together,
they
usually
share
the
cost.
This
is
called
“going
Dutch”（均摊费用）．Also,
when
westerners
pay
the
bill,
they
usually
leave
some
money
for
the
waiter.
This
is
called
“leaving
a
tip”.
Leaving
a
tip
is
thought
to
be
polite.
In
the
US,
it's
____6____
to
leave
tips
of
10%,
15%,
or
20%
of
the
bill,
which
is
decided
by
how
good
the
service
is,
Good
waiters
can
make
a
lot
of
money!
The
way
people
eat
food
is
different
in
the
world,
but
you
can
____7_____
the
same
kinds
of
food
in
many
countries.
Chinese
and
Italian
food,
for
example,
is
popular
all
over
the
world.
1.
A.
cause
B.
keep
C.
hear
D.
make
2.
A.
lively
B.
friendly
C.
lucky
D.
polite
3.
A.
shout
B.
explain
C.
complain
D.
peak
4.
A.
everybody
B.
nobody
C.
somebody
D.
none
5.
A.
until
B.
when
C.
unless
D.
since
6.
A.
terrible
B.
common
C.
serious
D.
unusual
7.
A.
invent
B.
discover
C.
prefer
D.
find
【解析】第一格选D，在不同国家有不同风俗习惯，根据我国特有的风俗习惯在餐厅都是吵吵闹闹的。make
a
noise是固定搭配。
第二格选A，事实上，如果在中国的餐厅不热闹那就意味着出事情了。lively也是表达活跃的气氛，而BCD三个意思都不对。
第三格选C，根据上文论据in
many
western
countries,
restaurant
are
quiet
places.和下文论点If
a
table
is
too
loud（如果餐厅吵闹），可以推断出客人甚至可以向店主投诉。
第四格选A，按照中国风俗习惯在付费方面与西方人也不一样，中国人常常一个人付所有人的钱。
第五格选B，这里讲述西方人在……情况下一个人付所有人的钱，在……情况下，他们是AA制。这里句子之间存在状语从句关系。因此，选B。
第六格选B，强调西方人付小费是比较常见的风俗习惯。unusual表达特殊的习惯。
第七格选D，虽然吃饭的风俗习惯不同，但是在不同国家却能找到相同的食物。
[例6]
People
often
think
Dimetrodon
is
a
dinosaur(恐龙),but
it
was
in
fact
_n_(1)_____
a
dinosaur
at
all.
It
was
one
of
the
reptiles（爬虫动物）on
Earth
during
the
_l_(2)_____
Permian（二叠纪）period.
It
was
a
large
reptile.
It
lived
in
swampy（沼泽的）
areas
and
had
a
very
funny
_
f_(3)_____
---a
large
sail(脊鳍)on
its
back.
Dimetrodon
was
a
(4)
to
warm
up
in
the
morning
and
cool
off
_q_(5)____
——during
the
day
with
the
help
of
its
sail.
It's
easy
to
distinguish（区分）a
Dimetrodon
_
f_(6)______
a
dinosaur.
Dimetrodon's
legs
were
on
the
side
of
its
body
while
dinosaurs
had
their
legs
under
their
bodies.
It
probably
ran
very
fast
_a_(7)____
it
was
very
heavy.
【解析】
第一格填not。根据前半句人们经常认为是一种恐龙，但事实上它并不是，but表达转折与前句的否定。
第二格填late。表达时间是很清楚的，这种动物在二叠纪时期的后期出现，所给首字母是l，而不是e。如果是早期出现，那么应填early。
第三格填feather。本题所缺词性为名词，讲这种爬行动物的后背有一个大的脊鳍，这是讲它的特征。
第四、第五格分别填able和quickly。表达这种动物的脊鳍的作用：可以早上暖和，白天又很快地冷却。Be
able
to是固定搭配。
第六格填from。从语法角度看，distinguish只能与from搭配。
第七格填although。上句It
probably
ran
very
fast和下句it
was
very
heavy.推断两句为转折承让关系。因此填although。
21世纪教育网
www.21cnjy.com
精品试卷·第
2
页
（共
2
页）
HYPERLINK
"http://21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
"
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)

展开更多......

收起↑