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中考英语专题复习
　阅读填空
1
命题特点
2
解题技巧
命题特点
阅读填空题要求阅读短文，从短文后的六个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，主要考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。命题特点具体如下：
1．体裁：通常为说明文。
2．设题：设空处均匀分布于文中几乎每一段(位于段首、段中和段尾)，通常不连续设空。有如下特点：
段首：通常是段落主题句，可根据段落内容来推断。
段中：是段落间的过渡性的句子，通常与上下文构成并列、转折、因果等关系。
段尾：通常是总结概括性的句子(注意表示结果、结论、总结性的关键词)或能引出下一段内容的句子等。
解题技巧
真题剖析
(2020·自贡)
Exercising
Together
Pets
are
great
for
our
general
health
and
happiness.Dog
owners
especially
benefit
from(得益于)
increased
levels
of
exercise.__1__
Dogs
as
personal
trainers
Dog
owners
generally
exercise
more，and
this
has
positive
effects
on
their
health
over
the
long
term.__2__
Also，they
can
make
their
owners
want
to
get
up
and
go.
Security
Walking
with
a
dog
can
help
people，particularly
women，feel
safer.__3__
Walking
with
a
dog
can
also
improve
social
communication
with
other
people.
Health
benefits
__4__
Simply
taking
your
dog
for
a
daily
half－hour
walk
is
a
great
way
to
burn
kilojoules.It
can
also
let
you
clear
your
head
of
the
worries
of
the
day
and
enjoy
the
company
of
others.
Good
for
dog
Regular
exercise
with
dogs
isn't
just
great
for
owners，and
our
dogs
benefit
as
well.It
helps
keep
them
mentally
and
physically
healthy
just
like
their
owners.
Other
pets
__5__
Cats，birds
and
fish
can
all
help
to
reduce
loneliness
and
stress，meaning
pets
owners
visit
the
doctor
less
often
than
non－pet
owners.Now
that's
a
real
benefit.
A．Walking
is
good
for
our
health.
B．Other
pets
can
get
some
benefits
from
owners.
C．Dr.Katrina
shares
her
advice
about
exercising
with
pets.
D．Other
pets
can
have
a
good
influence
on
owners
besides
dogs.
E．These
findings
suggest
dogs
are
almost
like
personal
trainers.
F．This
in
turn
can
encourage
owners
to
exercise
more
regularly.
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
A
F
E
D
C
【文章大意】
本文主要讲述了和宠物一起出去运动锻炼的好处。
【解析】
1．C　根据各段的小标题“Dogs
as
personal
trainers”；“Security”；“Health
benefits”；“Good
for
dog”；“Other
pets”可知，这些是关于与宠物一起锻炼的建议，C项“Dr.
Katrina
shares
her
advice
about
exercising
with
pets.”符合本文主题并引出下文内容。故选C。
2．E　根据空格后一句“Also，they
can
make
their
owners
want
to
get
up
and
go.”并结合语境可知，空格处讲的是宠物狗帮助主人进行锻炼。结合本段的小标题“Dogs
as
personal
trainers”可知，E项“These
findings
suggest
dogs
are
almost
like
personal
trainers.”符合语境。故选E。
3．F　根据空格前一句可知，和狗一起散步可以帮助人们，特别是女性感到更安全。结合空格后一句“Walking
with
a
dog
can
also
improve
social
communication
with
other
people.”可推知，有了狗的保护，人们会更乐意出门锻炼，而且和狗一起散步也能改善和其他人的社交。F项“This
in
turn
can
encourage
owners
to
exercise
more
re?gularly.”符合语境且为后一句做好铺垫。故选F。
4．A　根据本段的小标题“Health
benefits”及空格后的内容“Simply
taking
your
dog
...
enjoy
the
company
of
others.”可知，本段主要讲的是(和狗一起)散步对我们的健康有好处。A项“Walking
is
good
for
our
health.”符合本段的主旨。故选A。
5．D　根据空格后的“Cats，birds
and
fish
can
all
help
to
reduce
loneliness
and
stress”可知，猫、鸟和鱼都能帮助人们减少孤独和压力，结合本段的小标题“Other
pets”可知，本段主要讲除了狗外，其他宠物也对主人的健康有利。D项“Other
pets
can
have
a
good
influence
on
owners
besides
dogs.”符合本段的主旨。故选D。
1．通读全文，了解文章大意。
2．浏览选项，并细读全文，找出关键词，根据文章结构、逻辑关系试填答案。要重点读设空处前后的句子，里面常含有代词、连接词等有助于解题的关键线索。前面出现过的人或物，为了避免重复，后面会用相应的代词来指代。为使行文连贯、结构清晰，文中会用连接词来表明前后句之间的关系，如because/so表因果关系，but/however表转折关系，what's
more/besides表递进关系。利用这些，弄清段落之间、句子之间的逻辑关系，做题时就能有的放矢，提高准确率。
方法点拨
3．将选好的句子代入文中，重新阅读全文，从语意、语境的角度核查所选句子是否正确。
技巧训练
(一)(2020·南充)
Too
many
people
want
others
to
be
their
friends，but
they
don't
give
friendship
back.That
is
why
some
friendships
don't
last
very
long.__1__
You
must
learn
to
treat
your
friend
the
way
you
want
your
friend
to
treat
you.Learning
to
be
a
good
friend
means
learning
three
rules：be
honest；be
generous(慷慨的)；be
understanding.
Honesty
is
where
a
good
friendship
starts.Friends
must
be
able
to
trust
one
another.If
you
don't
tell
the
truth，people
usually
find
out.If
a
friend
finds
out
that
you
haven't
been
honest，you
may
lose
your
friend's
trust.__2__
Generosity
means
sharing
and
sharing
makes
a
friendship
grow.You
don't
have
to
give
your
lunch
money
or
your
clothes，of
course.Instead
you
have
to
learn
how
to
share
things
you
enjoy，your
hobbies
and
interests.
Naturally
you
will
want
to
share
your
ideas
and
feelings.__3__
They
tell
your
friend
what
is
important
to
you.By
sharing
them
you
help
your
friend
know
you
better.
Sooner
or
later
everyone
needs
understanding
and
help
with
a
problem.Something
may
go
wrong
at
school.Talking
about
the
problem
can
make
it
easier
to
solve.__4__
So
to
be
a
friend
you
must
listen
and
understand.You
must
try
to
put
yourself
in
your
friend's
place
so
you
can
understand
the
problem
better.
__5__
But
all
true
friendships
have
three
things
in
common.If
you
plan
to
keep
your
friendships，you
must
practice
honesty，generosity
and
understanding.
A．To
have
a
friend，you
must
learn
to
be
one.
B．A
friend
in
need
is
a
friend
indeed.
C．No
two
friendships
are
ever
exactly
alike.
D．Turning
to
a
friend
can
be
a
first
step
in
solving
the
problem.
E．These
can
be
valuable
to
a
friend.
F．Good
friends
always
trust
one
another
to
speak
and
act
honestly.
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
A
F
E
D
C
(二)(2020·眉山)
Taking
good
notes
is
a
time－saving
skill
that
will
help
you
to
become
a
better
student
in
several
ways.__1__
Second，your
notes
are
excellent
materials
to
refer
to
when
you
are
studying
for
a
test.Third，note－taking
helps
you
to
hold
your
interest.
You
will
want
to
take
notes
during
classroom
discussions
and
while
reading
a
textbook
or
doing
research
for
a
report.__2__
Whenever
or
however
you
take
notes，keep
in
mind
that
note－taking
is
a
selective(有选择性的)
process.__3__
The
following
methods
may
work
best
for
you.
·Read
the
text
quickly
to
find
the
main
facts
and
ideas
in
it.
·Carefully
read
the
text
and
watch
for
words
that
can
show
main
points
and
supporting
facts.
·Write
your
notes
in
your
own
words.
·__4__
·Note
any
questions
or
ideas
you
may
have
about
what
was
said
or
written.
As
you
take
notes，you
may
want
to
use
your
own
shorthand(速记)．When
you
do，be
sure
that
you
understand
your
symbols
and
that
you
use
them
all
the
time.__5__
A．Use
words，not
complete
sentences.
B．Otherwise，you
may
not
be
able
to
read
your
notes
later.
C．You
will
also
want
to
develop
your
own
method
for
taking
notes.
D．Write
down
what
you
have
learned.
E．That
means
you
must
first
decide
what
is
important
enough
to
include
in
your
notes.
F．First，the
simple
act
of
writing
something
down
makes
it
easier
for
you
to
understand
and
remember
it.
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
F
C
E
A
B
(三)(2020·宜宾)
To
speak
to
people
in
a
foreign
language
requires
courage.Some
people
are
afraid
of
making
mistakes.__1__
And
that's
the
biggest
mistake
of
all.Now
if
you
have
courage
and
are
ready
to
make
a
few
mistakes，what
will
you
say?
__2__
Finding
a
proper
topic
is
half
the
battle.Some
topics，such
as
the
weather
and
news，work
well.But
others，such
as
age，money
or
people's
looks
do
not.The
following
are
some
ways
to
start
a
conversation.
Weather—It
is
cold
today，isn't
it?
News—__3__
A
conversation
in
a
foreign
language
doesn't
always
go
easily.Sometimes
your
partner
talks
too
fast
and
you
find
it
difficult
to
follow.Don't
worry.You
can
always
ask
your
partner
to
repeat
what
he
has
said
or
to
speak
more
slowly.For
example，“Excuse
me，but
could
you
say
that
again？I
didn't
catch
it.\”
or
“__4__\”．
At
the
end
of
a
conversation
you
need
to
find
a
way
to
finish
it
in
a
polite
way.“Well，I
really
need
to
go.\”
and
“__5__\”
are
often
used
by
people
to
end
a
conversation.
A．It
was
nice
talking
to
you.
B．They
never
open
their
mouths.
C．Firstly，be
willing
to
make
mistakes.
D．Could
you
speak
more
slowly，please?
E．Did
you
hear
about
that
terrible
forest
fire?
F．First
of
all，you
have
to
start
a
conversation.
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
B
F
E
D
A
(四)(2020·山西)
“The
only
constant(不变)
in
life
is
change，\”Heraclitus
said
in
about
500
B．C.That
could
be
more
true
today.__1__
Technology
is
out
of
date
almost
by
the
time
you
buy
it.We
get
plenty
of
information
every
day.Francis
Bacon
said，“Know?ledge
is
power.”
In
fact，there
is
more
information
in
a
newspaper
than
he
would
have
experienced
in
his
whole
life.
Why
are
we
afraid
of
change？__2__
After
all，who
knows
what
new
dangers
might
appear？However，change
is
also
the
only
way
of
development.Nobody
can
stop
it
in
life.Luckily，our
brains
become
stronger
when
meeting
the
unknown.__3__
To
be
more
imaginative
and
creative，you
should
look
for
and
find
environments
you
have
no
experience
with.
__4__
For
example，try
a
new
restaurant，or
go
to
a
play
or
a
concert
you
normally
wouldn't
attend.Small
changes
can
help
you
gradually
get
used
to
uncertainty(不确定)．So
when
bigger
things
happen，you'll
be
more
fully
prepared
for
them.
People
who
fear
change
often
stick
to
a
certain
lifestyle.They
believe
they
can
control
the
future
by
doing
so.__5__
If
you
can
move
from
just
accepting
it
to
actively
finding
it
out
and
dealing
with
it，you
will
be
successful.
A．People
are
thirsty
for
knowledge.
B．That's
because
our
brains
want
to
protect
us.
C．But
change
comes
whether
you
ask
for
it
or
not.
D．We
live
in
a
world
that
is
changing
every
minute.
E．You
can
learn
how
to
face
the
changes
in
daily
life.
F．Dealing
with
the
unexpected
needs
imagination
and
creativity.
1.__________
2.__________
3.__________
4.__________
5.__________
D
B
F
E
C

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