资源简介 冀教版八年级英语第二学期全册知识重点UnitOne一、重点词组1.bescaredofsb./sth.恐惧某人/某物2.goup上升,与rise同义,与godown或set相反3.makeanoise发出声响,吵闹4.arrivein到达,表示到达某一城市、国家等大地方时,用介词in;表示到达某一村庄、车站等小地方时,用介词at;到达的地方用副词表示时,可不用介词。5.not…until…直到……才……6.see…doing…停止做某事7.gocycling相当于gotorideabike,意思是去骑车。8.nitsb.onthehead表示“打某人的头”,表示的“打某人的脸”要用hitsb.intheface。9.turnaround转身10.falloff摔下来11.givesb.apush推某人一下12.stopdoing13.getoff从……下来,通常指下火车、巴士、轮船、飞机等。14.thinkabout思考、想起、想到(某人或某事)15.allday一整天16.onebyone一个接一个地,类似的有yearbyyear一年又一年;daybyday一天又一天。17.holdon有两个意思,一个是“(电话)不挂断”;一个是“抓紧”。18.comedown下来19.helpsb.dosth.=helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事二、重点句型1.What’stheweatherliketoday?=Howistheweather?今天天气怎么样?是用来询问天气状况的句子。2.What’sthetemperature?今天气温几度?问温度的句型,注意问温度多少时,不用howmany或howmuch,要用what。3.Ihopenot!我希望不是这样!它的肯定表达为:Ihopeso.类似的表达法有:I’mafraidso.恐怕是这样。I’mafraidnot.恐怕不是这样。Ithinkso.我认为是这样。Idon’tthinkso(=Ithinknot)我认为不是这样。3.What’sthedatetoday?今天是几月几日?是用来询问日期的一个常用句子,口语也可以说Whatistoday’sdate?注意回答几月几日时,月份后的日期可以用基数词也可以用序数词,也可以用英文单词。Eg:4月5日:April5,April5th,April(the)fifth4.Howabout/Whatabout…?……怎么样?后接名词、代词或V-ing形式。5.Shallwe…?……好吗?可以……吗?shall多用于第一人称的疑问句,表示征求对方意见。三、语法合成词合成词,又名复合词,因由两词(或多词)合并成一词(词与词之间也可以有连字符)而得名A.合成名词grandchildren/parent(s),afternoon,volleyball,washroom,policeman/woman,keyboard,goodbye,wardrobe,pencilbox,postman,breakfast,etc. B.合成形容词English-speaking,Chinese-English,etc. C.其它合成词something,everybody,sometimes,twenty-first,yourself,etc.UnitTwo一、重点词组1.growinto长成……2.passsb.sh.=passsth.tosb.递给某人某物3.billionsof数十亿的,hundred,thousand,million,billion等词前面有具体数字时,其本身用单数形式,直接修饰名词;表示一个笼统的概念时,这些词用复数形式,而且常与介词of连用修饰名词。4.lookafter=takecareof照顾,照料。5.befullof满,充满=befilledwith6.bemadeof/from由……制成,bemadeof表示在制成的过程中,原材料没有发生质的变化;bemadefrom表示在制成的过程中,原材料发生质的变化。bemadeby被(某人)制造;bemadein在(某地)制造7.carryaway把……搬(移)走8.onthetree在树上,指的是树上本身的东西,即长在树上;inthetree也表示在树上,但它所指的是外来的东西,不是树本身的东西。9.make…into把……制成……10.halfof……中的一半,当它所指代的是不可数名词时,代表单数,如果halfof后边所接的是可数名词的复数,那么它所代表的也是复数概念。11.looklike看起来像12.use…todosth.用……来做……,其中todosth.表示目的和用途。13.put…outside/on/into…把……放在……的外边/上面/里面14.turninto变成;turn…into…把……变成……二、重点句型Wouldyoulike/love…?Like/love与would,should连用时,表示“希望、想要”,回答时根据实际情况,如果要就回答“Yes,please.”如果不需要就回答“No,thanks/thankyou.”UnitThree一、重点词组1.playwith与……一起玩;拿……来玩2.slowdown慢下来3.comefrom=befrom来自4.allkindsof各种各样的;differentkindsof不同种类的;akindof一种5.protectsb./sth.against/fromsth.保护、保卫某人/某事物不受……的侵害。6.goextinct灭绝7.stopsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事(在主动语态中from可以省略,在被动语态中from不可以省略)8.makefriendswith与……交朋友9.takephotosof…给某人照相10.wakeup醒来11.haveagoodday玩的愉快12.playajokeon…开某人的玩笑,戏弄某人;haveajokewithsb.与某人一起以某事取笑;makeajokeabout/ofsb./sth.拿某人(某事)开玩笑13.standstill一动不动地站着14.getoutof除外走动;getoutofsth./doingsth.逃避(责任或义务),不做份内的事,(使某人)放弃、停止或戒除(习惯等)15.befamous/well-knownfor以……著名,以……闻名;befamousas著名的……16.getmarried结婚二、词语辨析1.through,across穿过through指“从里面(中心)穿过”,其含义与in有关,尤指森林、人群等。across指“从表面通过”,其含义与on有关2.nearly,almost几乎,差不多almost表达的程度比nearly更接近一些。nearly不能用于修饰否定词,但可被not修饰。3.above,over在……上方above是介词,表“在……上方”,“比……还高”,与below相反。over也有“在……上方”的意思,但是它着重指正上方,或盖在上面的意思,而above并不强调在正上方。三、语法ThePastContinuousTense(过去进行时态)一、概念和用法:1)概念:表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。3)常用的时间状语thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while例如: WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnight.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。 ????????????? Itwasrainingwhentheyleftthestation.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。 二、过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如: Whatwasshedoingatnineo?clockyesterday?昨天晚上九点她在做什么?(介词短语表示时间点) WhenIsawhimhewasdecoratinghisroom.当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)三、在复合句中,如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的,那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如: Whilehewaswaitingforthebus,hewasreadinganewspaper.他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的) HewascleaninghiscarwhileIwascooking.他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)四、通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有:agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,have(拥有),hear,know,like,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,suppose,understand,want,wish等。例如: 误:Iwasknowingtheanswer. 正:Iknewtheanswer.我知道答案。 误:Iwasn?tunderstandinghim. 正:Ididn?tunderstandhim.我不明白他的意思。UnitFour一、重点词组1.lookinto研究,调查2.doanexperiment做一个试验3.fill/coverwith用……把……装满/盖住;fillin填上4.upsidedown向下翻转过来5.rightsideup正面朝上6.turnover使……翻转7.infrontof在……前面(在范围外);inthefrontof在……前面(在范围内)8.ontopof在顶端9.takesth.offsth.使某物离开或脱离(一表面或边缘);takeoff(指飞机等)起飞,匆忙离去;takesth.off(从身上)除掉、脱下(衣物等)10.bereadyfor准备11.takeaway取走12.besurprised使惊奇13.aspoonfulof一匙14.dissolvein溶化,溶解15.halffullof…一半16.useup用光,用完17.enoughtodosth.足够……做某事二、辨析1.find,lookfor,hunt找find强调找的结果,意为“找到”lookfor强调动作过程,“寻找”hunt,huntforsb.sth.意思寻找,寻找某人某物,与lookfor同义。2.surprised,surprisingsurprised感到惊奇,表示震惊.besurprisedsurprising使人惊讶的,出人意料的,惊人的3.interesting,interestedinteresting形容词,有趣的interested形容词,对……感兴趣,beinterestedin三、语法1.分数的表达分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示,当分子大于1时,要在分母的序数词后加“s”。概括为口诀:分子基,分母序,分子>1,分母加s。2.TheSimpleFutureTense(一般将来时态)概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。 时间状语:tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year…),soon,inafewminutes,by…,thedayaftertomorrow,etc. 基本结构:①am/is/are/goingto+do;②will/shall+do. 否定形式:①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句:①be放于句首;②will/shall提到句首。??????一.shall/will+动词原形???1.will可用于所有人称,但shall仅表示单纯将来时,用于第一人称I和we,作为will的一种替代形式。以YouandI为主语时通常避免用shall。例如:???Hewillbebacksoon.?他很快就会回来。???Ishall/willbefreeonSunday.?星期天我有空。???YouandIwillworkinthesamefactory.?你和我将在同一工厂工作。???2.will,shall可用来预言将来发生的事。如说出我们设想会发生的事,或者请对方预言将要发生什么事。例如:???Itwillraintomorrow.明天将要下雨。???3.will,shall除可表示单纯的将来时以外,还可以带有意愿的色彩,仍指的是将来。例如:???I’llbuyyouabicycleforyourbirthday.你过生日时,我给你买一辆自行车。(表示允诺)???Willyouopenthedoorformeplease?请你帮我开门好吗?(表示请求)???ShallIgetyourcoatforyou??我可以为你拿外套吗?(表示提议)???二.begoingto+动词原形???1.表示说话人根据现在已有的迹象,判断将要或即将发生某种情况。这类句子的主语可以是人,也可是物。例如:???Thereisgoingtobeafootballmatchinourschooltomorrowafternoon.明天下午我们学校将有一场足球赛。(已有告示)??????Lookatthoseblackclouds!It’sgoingtorain.看看那些乌云!天快要下雨了。???2.表示主语现在的意图或现已作出的决定,即打算在最近或将来进行某事。这种意图或决定往往是事先经过考虑的。例如:???Maryisgoingtobeateacherwhenshegrowsup.玛丽决定长大了当一名教师。???3.只是单纯地预测未来的事,此时可与will互换。例如:???Ithinkitisgoingto/willrainthisevening.我认为今晚要下雨。???注意:???(1)begoingto和will在含义和用法上略有不同。begoingto往往表示事先经过考虑的打算;will多表示意愿、决心。两者有时不能互换。例如:???Heisstudyinghardandisgoingtotryfortheexams.他正努力学习,准备参加考试。(不能用will替换)???—Cansomebodyhelpme?——谁能帮我一下吗????—Iwill.——我来。(不能用begoingto替换)???(2)在if之后,通常不用will表示预言,但可以用begoingto表示意图。例如:???Ifyouaregoingtogotothecinemathisevening,you’dbettertakeyourcoatwithyou.你若今晚去看电影,最好带着外套。???begoingto也常可以用于主句之中。例如:???IfyouinviteJack,there’sgoingtobetrouble.如果你邀请杰克,那就要惹麻烦了。???如果表示将来的意愿,will可用于条件从句。此时will为情态动词。例如:Ifyouwilllearntoplayfootball,I’llhelpyou.如果你想学踢足球,我可以帮你Unit5一.重点词组1.?go?to...on?foot=walk?to...:步行去...?2.?Of?course.=Sure.=Certainly:当然!3.?take?a?ship:坐轮船?4.?a?new?type?of?:一种新型的...?5.?high-speed?trains:高速列车?6.?in?large?numbers:大量的?7.?had?better+动词原形:最好...否定:had?better?not+动原?8.?in?a?hurry:匆忙?9.?make?presentation:发言;演讲?10.?glue?sth?onto...:把某物粘到...上?11.?at?the?front?of:在...前面(强调平面空间)???in?the?front?of强调立体空间。?12.?get+形容词=be+形容词:变得...?13.?in?the?future:在将来?14.?send?sb?from?one?place?to?another?place:把某人从一个地方送到另一个地方?15.?learn?about:学习关于...??think?about:思考考虑?、16.?present?sth?to:向...展示某物?二.辨析1.anywhere在否定句中表示什么地方,某地.相当于由somewhere变化而来.如?Did?you?go?anywhere?yesterday??anywhere在肯定句中表示任何地方.如?You?can?go?any?where?you?like.?如?I?would?take?a?train.?Shall?I?take?a?plane?to?the?bakery?2.take表示?花费,常用于句型:It?takes/took?sb.+时间或钱+to?do?sth.如?It?takes?us?three?hours?to?fly?to?Guangzhou.?Take还可以表示乘坐……如?I?would?take?a?train.?Shall?I?take?a?plane?to?the?bakery3.get?on/off...意思是上下(公共汽车,火车,轮船,飞机等);?get?in(to)/out?of...意思是上/下小汽车,电梯等?三.语法1.In?1900,planes?hadn't?been?invented.?had?been?invented是过去完成时的被动语态,意思是?在...时以前,已经被发明.否定形式在had后加not,可缩写为hadn't.过去完成时的被动语态的结构是:had+been+v过分。The?classroom?had?been?cleaned?before?we?got?to?the?school./the?meal?had?been?cooked?when?we?reached?home.?2.How?will?people?travel?100?years?from?now??100?years?from?now=in?100?years意思是?在100年后,用于一般将来时.如?How?many?people?will?there?be?on?the?earth?50years?from?now?=How?many?people?will?there?be?on?the?earth?in?50?years??3.In?these?shows,people?use?transporters?all?the?time.?all?the?time意思是?总是,一直.?关于time的短语还有:at?the?time在那时;at?the?same?time同时;at?times=sometimes有时;in?time及时;on?time按时;in?no?time=at?once立刻;It's?time?for?sth./to?do?sth.是(做)某事的时间了.?Unit61.?connect?to:连接到...?2.?hear?from?sb:收到某人的来信?3.?in?small?groups:在小群体中?4.?in?a?short?time:在短时间内?5.?thousands?of数以千计的??hundreds?of数以百计的?、6.?answer?the?phone:接电话?7.?right?now=at?once:立刻;马上;现在?8.?take?a?message?for?sb:给某人留口信?9.?wait?a?moment:等一下?10.?chat?on?the?Internet:网上聊天?11.?millions?of:成千上万的?12.?get/buy?sth?for?sb:为某人买某物?13.?fail?to?do?sth:做某事失败?14.?feel?like?doing?sth=want?to?do?sth:想要做某事15.alive是形容词,意思的?活着的.不能放在名词前作定语.二.辨析1.connect?to...意思是?连接到如?It's?easy?to?connect?to?the?two?islands.?be?connected?with...和...有关??如?Are?you?connected?with?the?matter??connect...to/with...意思是?把...和...连接起来.相当于join...to...如?Connect?the?fridge?to?the?electricity?supply.接通冰箱的电源.The?bridge?connects?the?city?to?the?town.2.The?computer?makes?a?noise.make?a?noise意思是?吵闹,发出噪声.如?Don't?make?a?noise.The?baby?is?sleeping.?noise,sound,voice的区别:noise指巨大的声音,噪声.sound可以指任何声音.voice指人的嗓音.??3.fail意思是?失败,不及格.fail?(in)?sth.某事失败了.如He?failed?(in)?his?driving?test.?fail?to?do?sth.=fail?in?doing?sth.表示做某事失败,没能做成某事.如?He?failed?in?passing/to?pass?the?exam.?fail的名词形式是failure,它们对应的反义词分别是succeed和success.如?Failure?is?the?mother?of?success.4.Information?began?to?travel?much?faster?and?much?farther.?1)much可用来修饰比较级.这样的词还有a?little;a?bit;a?lot;even;far等.注意so,very,quite,too不能修饰比较级.如?It's?a?little?hotter?today.?2)begin?to?do?sth.和begin?doing?sth.都表示?开始做某事.如?I?began?to?pack?my?things?three?hours?before?I?left.?下列情况下必须用不定式作宾语:?a.当状语是物时.如?The?ice?begins?to?melt.?b.当begin在句中是beginning形式时.如?He?was?beginning?to?set?off.?c.当begin后面的动词是表示心理活动的词时,如realize,know,think,understand等时.如?He?began?to?realize?how?his?parents?loved?him.三.语法。1.Open?your?e-mail?program.?这句为祈使句,以动词原形开头,表示?请求,建议,命令等口气.其否定形式在动词原形前面加don't.如??Stop?talking,please!Don't?smoke?here.2.Your?message?will?be?sent?to?the?person?you?address.?这句话包含定语从句,而且引导词who/that在从句中作宾语,所以省去了.?3.When?you?have?finished?reading?a?message,click?on"close".?finish?doing?sth.意思是完成做某事.像finish这样,只能跟v+ing作宾语的动词和短语有:enjoy;keep;practice;mind;be?busy;can't/couldn't?help;have?fun等.4.The?printing?press?is?a?machine?that?can?make?lots?of?books?in?a?short?time.?that?can?make?lots?of?books?in?a?short?time是定语从句,先行词machine在定语从句中作状语,所以引导词that不能省去.如?He?is?the?person?who?can?give?us?great?help.Everyone?likes?things?that?are?good?and?cheap.5.She?asked?the?president?of?the?United?States?to?make?it?a?special?day.?make后可跟复合宾语结构,即,make+宾语+宾补.宾补可以是形容词,略to不定式,名词等.如?His?words?make?everybody?in?the?room?happy.The?teacher?made?us?memorize?a?lot?of?English?words?every?day.?注意make?sb?do?sth.如果变成被动语态时,应该在do前加上to.如上面的句子若改成被动句则应为:We?are?made?to?memorize?a?lot?of?English?words?every?day?(by?the?teacher).?另外,make+宾语+n做宾补,而n是表示?职位或官衔的词时,其前不加任何冠词.如?We?made?him?monitor?of?our?class.Unit71.be?abroad:在国外????go?abroad:出国?2.pen?pal:笔友?3.travel?around?the?world:环游世界?4.four?main?oceans:四大洋?5.give?a?report:作报告?6.at?the?end=finally:最后?7.keep?doing?sth:一直做某事?8.look?up:查找?二.辨析。1.have?been?to意思是?去过...(已经回来了)have?goneto意思是去了...(还没回来).如?Jim?has?been?to?France.His?father?isn't?at?home.He?has?gone?to?Australia.2.increase意思是?增加;增大;增长;增强;繁殖.?increase?by...意思是?增加了...;increase?to意思是增加到……如?The?population?has?increased?by?300,000?to?70,000,000.?by+时间,表示?到...为止3.be?good?for...意思是?对...有好处.如?Reading?is?good?for?children.?be?good?at...意思是?擅长...如?Are?you?good?at?English??be?good?to...意思是?对...友好The?teacher?is?good?to?his?students.4.on是介词,意思是?关于.表示的内容比较专业或深奥.?about也可以表示?关于?的意思,它表示内容是不专业或浅显的.三.语法。1.population的用法有以下几点:?1)表示某国,某城市有多少人口时,一般说has?a?population?of...或the?population?of...is...Eg:?Our?city?has?a?population?of?two?million.The?population?of?Australia?is?19,500,000.?2)指人口?多?或?少时,一般要用large或small来表示.不用many或few.eg:?China?is?a?country?with?a?large?population.The?population?of?China?is?much?larger?than?that?of?Japan.?3)提问?有多少人口,用what,不用how?many或how?much.Eg:?What's?the?population?of?Beijing??2.Have?you?ever?been?abroad,Danny?2.how经常和不同的词构成特殊疑问词组提问不同的内容.?how?many/much/long/far/tall/deep/wide/heavy/often/soon等.如?How?long?is?your?classroom?Unit81.?pick?up:捡起?;搭便车,顺便来接。2.?clean?up:清理?3.?finish?doing?sth:做完某事?4.?throw?away:扔掉;乱丢?5.?reusable?bags:可重复使用的袋子?6.?give?prizes:颁奖?7.?leaking?toilet:卫生间渗漏?8.?make?into:制作成?9.?worry?about:担心?10.?try?not?to?do:试着不要做?11.?make?the?most?pollution:造成最大的污染?12.?make?less?pollution:减少污染13.?the?next?day:第二天?14.?take?a?walk:散步?15.?sort?into:分类成;sort还可以用作名词,表示?种类,类型,相当于type,kind16.?make?out?of:用...制造17.have/takeashower二.辨析。1.a?bit?of意思是?一点儿,一些.传声筒不可数名词.a?bit修饰形容词或副词,表示程度很低,意思是?有点儿.如?It's?a?bit?cold?today.Could?you?pass?me?a?bit?of?salt?2..Did?you?know?that?a?leaking?toilet?can?waste?twenty?to?forty?Liters?of?water?an?hour??leaking是现在分词,作定语,修饰名词toilet,表示动作正在进行。leaky是形容词,修饰名词表示状态,如?leaky?toilet表示?漏水的马桶。3.mend,fix,repair都有?修理?的意思.fix具有mend和repair这两个动词的一般含义,但fix是个非正式用语.mend可以表示对衣服等进行修理或修补.如?She?often?helps?me?mend?my?clothes4.forget?to?do?sth.意思是?忘记去做某事.forget?doing?sth.意思是?忘了做过某事.?三.语法。1.My?backpack?doesn't?fit.Or?I?might?have?a?fit.?第一句中fit是动词,意思是?适合,合身.如?This?dress?doesn't?fit?(me).第二句中fit是名词,have?a?fit相当于be?very?surprised或be?very?angry.意思是大惊,大怒.常用于口语中.eg:?Father?will?have?a?fit?when?he?hears?what?you?have?done.When?I?saw?him?again,I?had?a?great?fit.?此外,fit还可以用作形容词,意思是健康的,合适的.如?Doing?exercise?can?make?you?fit.2.2.People?throw?too?much?away!?too?much后省去了名词rubbish.它有两点作用:1)用来修饰不可数名词,意思是?太多.如?There?was?too?much?rain?last?year.2)用来修饰形容词或副词的比较级,意思是?过分,难以接受.如?This?one?is?too?much?bigger?than?that?one.?too?many意思是?太多,用来修饰可数名词复数.如?There?are?too?many?cars?in?the?street.?much?too太...,用来修饰形容词,副词的原级.如?The?radio?is?much?too?noisy.Please?turn?it?off!4.Danny?found?a?toy?car?with?one?broken?wheel.?with?one?broken?wheel是介词短语作后置定语,修饰car.相当于从句that/which?has?one?broken?wheel如?Please?pass?me?the?bottle?with?some?oil.5.Our?teacher?also?taught?us?about?how?garbage?is?recycled.?在宾语从句中,若主句是一般过去时,从句要用过去的某种时态,但本句宾语从句说的是客观事实,所以用一般现在时.PAGE1 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