广东省龙川一中2011-2012学年高二3月月考试题【全科】

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广东省龙川一中2011-2012学年高二3月月考试题【全科】

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第一部分 听力理解(共15题,每题1分,满分15分)
第二部分 语言知识及应用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1~15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
We have known for a long time that flowers of different plants open and close at different times of day. This is so 16 that there seems to be no need to ask the reason for it. Yet no one 17 understands why flowers open and close like this at particular times. The process is not as 18 as we might think, as recent experiments have shown. In one study, flowers were kept in constant 19 . We might expect that the flowers, without any information about the time of day, did not open as they 20 do. As a matter of fact, they 21 to open at their usual time. This suggests that they have some mysterious(神秘的) way of knowing the 22 . Their sense of time does not 23 information from the outside world; it is, so to speak, inside them, a kind of “inner clock”.
This 24 may not seem to be very important. However, it was later found that not just plants but also 25 , including man, have this “inner clock” which 26 the working of their bodies and influences their activities. Men, then, are also influenced by this mysterious 27 . Whether we wish it or not, it affects such things in our life as our need for sleep, our need for food.
In the past, this did not really 28 because people lived in natural condition. In the 29 world, things are different; now there are spacemen, airplane pilots and, in ordinary life, a lot of people who have to work at night. It would be very 30 , then, to know more about the “inner clock”. Such things as flowers might help us understand more about ourselves.
16. A. familiar B. strange C. similar D. special
17. A. partly B. personally C. really D. willingly
18. A. complex B. simple C. mature D. meaningful
19. A. quietness B. darkness C. loneliness D. sadness
20. A. finally B. completely C. physically D. normally
21. A. refused B. decided C. continued D. failed
22. A. time B. secret C. process D. study
23. A. deal with B. add to C. give away D. depend on
24. A. discovery B. activity C. invention D. method
25. A. beasts B. animals C. strangers D. humans
26. A. controls B. studies C. measures D. destroys
27. A. world B. flower C. power D. experiment
28. A. happen B. exist C. matter D. work
29. A. ancient B. modern C. wonderful D. peaceful
30. A. hard B. expensive C. convenient D. important
第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分.满分15分)
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31—40的相应位置上。
Many people are wondering if it is safe to talk on the cell phones while driving. Most of people think that the use of cell phones should 31 (ban) while they are driving, 32 in that case accidents can easily happen.
A growing number of states are making rules to keep young drivers 33 using cell phones while they are driving. When there is 34 car accident, police officers will find out 35 any of the drivers is using a cell phone. There have been some very bad car accidents 36 (cause) by drivers being distracted by cell phones.
Drivers sometimes forget to watch the road 37 (careful) when they are using their phones. Not paying attention to the road can be dangerous, even deadly.
38 is important for drivers to focus 39 the road. They need to pay attention to 40 is going on around them. So, stop using your cell phones while driving.
第三部分 阅读理解(共25题,每题2分,满分40分)
A
To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor; you must be able to hold the attention and interest of your audience; you must be a clear speaker, with a good, strong, pleasing voice which is fully under your control; and you must be able to act what you are teaching, in order to make its meaning clear.
Watch a good teacher, and you will see that he does not sit still before his class: he stands the whole time he is teaching; he walks about, using his arms, hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will hear the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always changing according to what he is talking about.
The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn’t mean that he will indeed be able to act well on the stage, for there are very important differences between the teacher’s work and the actor’s. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart; he has to repeat exactly the same words each time he plays a certain part, even his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually fixed beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem natural on the stage.
A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience takes an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don’t understand something, they say so. The teacher therefore has to meet the needs of his audience, which is his class. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must invent it as he goes along.
I have known many teachers who were fine actors in class but were unable to take part in a stage-play because they could not keep strictly to what another had written.
41. What is the text about
A. How to become a good teacher.
B. What a good teacher should do outside the classroom.
C. What teachers and actors could learn from each other
D. The similarities and differences between a teacher’s work and an actor’s.
42. The word “audience” in the fourth paragraph means ____.
A. students B. people who watch a play
C. people who not on the stage D. people who listen to something
43. A good teacher ____.
A. knows how to hold the interest of his students
B. must have a good voice
C. knows how to act on the stage
D. stands or sits still while teaching
44. In what way is a teacher’s work different from an actor’s
A. The teacher must learn everything by heart.
B. He knows how to control his voice better than an actor.
C. He has to deal with unexpected situations.
D. He has to use more facial expressions.
45. The main difference between students in class and a theatre audience is that ____.
A. students can move around in the classroom
B. students must keep silent while theatre audience needn’t
C. no memory work is needed for the students
D. the students must take part in their teachers’ plays
B
The flying fox is not a fox at all. It is an extra large bat that has got a fox’s head, and that feeds on fruit instead of insects Like all bats, flying foxes hang themselves by their toes when at rest, and travel in great crowds when out flying. A group will live in one spot for years. Sometimes several hundred of them occupy a single tree. As they return to the tree toward sunrise, they quarrel among themselves and fight for the best places until long after daylight.
Flying foxes have babies once a year, giving birth to only one at a time. At first the mother has to carry the baby on her breast wherever she goes. Later she leaves it hanging up, and brings back food for it to eat. Sometimes a baby bat falls down to the ground and squeaks for help. Then the older ones swoop down and try to pick it up. If they fail to do so, it will die. Often hundreds of dead baby bats can be found lying on the ground at the foot of a tree.
46. The passage tells us that there is no difference between the flying fox and the ordinary bat in______.
A. their size. B. their appearance.
C. the kind of food they eat. D. the way they rest.
47. Flying foxes tend to ______.
A. double their number every year. B. fight and kill a lot of themselves.
C. move from place to place constantly. D. lose a lot of their young.
48. At daybreak every day flying foxes begin to______.
A. fly out toward the sun. B. look for a new resting place.
C. come back to their home. D. go out and look for food.
49. Flying foxes have fights ______.
A. to occupy the best resting places. B. only when it is dark.
C. to protect their homes from outsiders D. when there is not enough food.
50. How do flying foxes care for their young
A. They only care for their own babies.
B. They share the feeding of their young.
C. They help when a baby bat is in danger.
D. They often leave home and forget their young.
C
TODAY, Friday, November 12
JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158.
SATURDAY, November 13
JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p.
MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price.
Tel: 789—6749.
FAMILY night out Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond.
JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手风琴).
Tel: 789—4536
SUNDAY, November 14
DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m.
FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio.
Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626.
HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen.
THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion.
51. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio
A. At the Bull’s Head on Sunday. B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.
C. At the Bull on Saturday. D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.
52. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band
A. At the Derby Arms on Friday. B. At the Black Horse on Friday.
C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday. D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.
53. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts
A. 789—6749. B. 789—4536. C. 682—1158. D. 688—4626.
54. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go
A. Disco at The Lord Napier.
B. The sing-along at The Black Horse.
C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms.
D. Jazz at The Bull’s Head.
55. You want to spend the same day at two different places and don’t want to cross any street. Which of the following is your best choice
A. The sing-along at the Black Horse and Jazz at The Bull’s Head.
B. The sing-along at The Black Horse and Folk Music at The Derby Arms.
C. Folk Music at The Derby Arms and Heavy Music with Tony Simon at The Bull.
D. Musical Hal lat The Star &Garter and Disco at The Lord Napier.
D
The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues that flesh receives. The most widespread fallacy of all is that colds caused by cold. They are not. They are caused by viruses passing on from person to person. You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one. If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever. But they do not. And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes. During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches, cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds. In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp, naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds. At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in Experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time. After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room. Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion. Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose. If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter?Despite the most pains-taking research, no one has yet found the answer. One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on. No one has yet found a cure for the cold. There are drugs and pain suppressors such as aspirin, but all they do is relieve the symptoms.
56. The writer offered _______ examples to support his argument.
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 3
57. Which of the following does not agree with the chosen passage?
A. The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time.
B. Colds are not caused by cold.
C. People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors.
D. A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already has one.
58. Arctic explorers may catch colds when ______.
A. they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B. they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C. they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D. they are coming into touch again with the outside world
59. Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit _______.
A. suffered a lot B. never caught colds
C. often caught colds D. became very strong
60. The passage mainly discusses _______.
A. the experiments on the common cold
B. the fallacy about the common cold
C. the reason and the way people catch colds
D. the continued spread of common colds
【信息匹配】请阅读下列应用文和相关信息,并按照要求匹配信息。
首先, 请阅读下列六则卡通人物的性格介绍:
Why do you remember Hello Kitty, Snoopy and all the other cartoon characters What makes you love them Well, maybe because they're like the people around you. Think about it! You may find a friend or classmate who is like them.
A. As sweet as Hello Kitty: She likes to eat cake. She loves to make new friends. She likes to ask friends to her parties. Her smile is so lovely.
B. As clever as Snoopy: He went to school when he was nine. He learned to use a typewriter in two years! He thinks a lot. He is so clever that you like to be with him.
C. As sarcastic (讽刺的) as Garfield: He sits happily in the seat and says sharp words to you. Sometimes he is not nice. He doesn't really like you He thinks you're a fool No, in his heart, he loves you. He is a friend with hard words but a warm heart.
D. As naughty as MashiMaro: He doesn't look like a good boy. He has sleepy eyes and looks naughty. He always plays tricks. So you may get angry with him and don't like him very much. His mind is active and full of ideas. He tries to be big and catch your eyes. But, he' s still a child.
E. As confident as Prince of Tennis: He has faith in himself and always wants to win.
F. As friendly as Mickey: He is clever and kind. He has a good heart and is glad to help others. Everyone likes to turn to him for help whenever they are in trouble.
请阅读Susan, Tom, John, Bob, George的个性描述,然后匹配与他们个性相当的卡通人物。
61. Tom is a warm-hearted boy, and he cares for others very much. If you meet with any difficulty, you can tell him, and he will surely help you.
62. Susan has many friends and she likes to stay with them in many kinds of parties. On her face there is always a smile.
63. John likes thinking and can always find ways to solve any difficult problems.
64. Bob seems to be very rude and impolite and his words are unpleasant to hear, but his inner heart is full of concerns for others.
65. George believes in himself, and he always wants to win the first place in almost everything.
第三部分 写作 (共两节,满分40分)
第一节:基础写作 (共1小题,满分15分)
【写作情景】
假如你是李明,你跟你的朋友Paul聊天,他表示学习压力很大,请你给他写封信,给他提一些建议。
【写作内容】
将自己的问题告诉老师和同学,请求得到他们的帮助。
不要总想着考试成绩,要多想想自己在哪些方面进步了,这样就会给自己自信。
多做运动,运动可以帮助自己缓解压力,并且有助于睡眠。
你对他的祝福。
【写作要求】
用五句话表达全部的内容,并组成一篇连贯的短文。(信的开头和结尾已给出,不计入句数。)
【评分标准】
句子结构准确,信息内容完整,篇章结构连贯。
Dear Paul,
I quite sympathize with you and understand the great trouble you are suffering from. …
……
Best wishes!
Yours sincerely,
第二节:读写任务 (共1小题,满分25分)
阅读下面的短文,然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。
BINZHOU,Shandong, Nov.28 (Xinhuanet)—— It was an ordinary college reunion as graduates gathered to drink wine, take photos, and chat about student life after having been out of school for about 20years.
But the gathering this week in Binzhou, a city south of the more modern Beijing, was meant to be significant, as the four scores of graduates were China’s first group of disabled young people allowed to receive higher education.
Though Chinese laws protect the educational rights of all people, universities usually rejected students with even slightest disabilities. In 1985, Binzhou Medical College in east China Shandong Province set up the country’s first department to enroll(登记) physically-disabled students.
After two decades, the disabled students returned as doctors, researchers, and medical experts to celebrate the department’s 20th anniversary to prove to the world they can do as well as anyone else.
According to the China Disabled Person’s Federation (CDPF,残疾人联合会), over 30,000 disabled young people in China have received a college education in majors ranging from medicine and computers to massage and folk music in the past two decades.
[写作内容]
用约30个词概括以上的报道内容。
然后以约120个词就有关残疾人的话题发表意见,内容包括:
看了这个报道后你有什么感想?
你觉得残疾人应该接受高等教育吗?为什么?
你认为我们可以如何帮助残疾人。
[写作要求]
可以使用实例或者其他方法说明你的观点,也可以参照阅读材料中的内容,但是不得直接引用原文中的句子。
高二3月月考答案
第一部分
第二部分
第三部分 阅读理解(
41-45 DAACD 46-50 DDCAC 51-55 BABBC 56-60 BCDAC
信息匹配 61-65 FABCE
第四部分 写作
第一节:基础写作:(15分)
Dear Paul,本试卷共8页。满分150分。考试用时150分钟。
一、本大题4小题,每小题3分,共12分。
1.下列各组词语中加点字的读音,完全正确的一组是(  )
A.矫(jiǎo )翼 青皋( hāo ) 麦陇(lǒng ) 山僧(sēng )
B.夙(sù )愿 涿(zhuó)鹿之原 轩裳(cháng) 珪(guī)组
C.贬谪(zhé) 洗濯(zhuó) 飒(sà)然 睥(pì)睨
D.逾(yú)越 无垠(yín) 疏数(cù) 径(jìn)直
2.下面语段中画线的词语,使用不恰当的一项是( )
两艘中国商船在湄公河金三角水域遭遇袭击,两艘商船上的13人全部遇难。枪杀事件牵动了国人的心。但正如向来都以变幻莫测面貌示人的金三角一样,案件同样扑朔迷离。一个月来,大家众说纷纭,莫衷一是。10月28日,9名泰国陆军现役军人慑于压力主动向泰国警方投案自首,至此,震惊东南亚的“10.5湄公河惨案”真相呼之欲出。
A.变幻莫测 B.扑朔迷离 C.莫衷一是 D.呼之欲出
3.下列句子中,没有语病的一项是( )
A.“神舟八号”飞船与“天宫一号”目标飞行器成功对接,实现了属于中国的“太空之吻”,标志着中国建立载人空间站的宏伟目标迈出了关键性的一步。
B.今年恰逢党的九十华诞以及辛亥革命百年之庆,由此呈现出的一种独特的文化语境,再度激发了红色电影创作的灵感和优秀作品的大量涌现。
C.张炜的《你在高原》故事框架宏大,情节铺展既纷繁复杂又遥相呼应,语言融华美与朴拙为一体,提供了汉语写作走向浩大、诗性的无限可能性。
D.事实证明,中美新能源战爆发的原因是由新能源产业发展逻辑、政府政策、公众态度和投资环境等多个层面的差异共同所导致的。
4.把下列句子组成语意连贯的语段,排序最恰当的一项是( )
①正如人是由动物进化而来的一样,动物和人都是有情绪与情感的
②在论述人类的艺术时,人们常说艺术是发展、继承和创新的
③而人类的艺术就起源于人类对情绪与情感作用的认识与需要
④艺术是用来表现人的情绪与对某种事物的情感
⑤然而,如果我们把人类的艺术看作一个整体,人类的艺术不是上帝的作品,而是从动物的“艺术”进化而来
⑥这是艺术的一般功能,同时这也是艺术具有其他各种功能的基础
A.④①⑤③⑥② B.①⑤④⑥②③
C.④⑥②⑤①③ D.①④③⑤②⑥
二、本大题7小题,共35分。
阅读下面的文言文,完成5-9题
朱衣道人者,阳曲傅山先生也。初字青竹,寻改字青主。家世以学行师表晋中。见天下且丧乱,诸号为缙绅先生者,多腐恶不足道,愤之,乃坚苦持气节,不肯少与时媕婀①。
甲申②,梦天帝赐之黄冠③,乃衣朱衣,居土穴,以养母。天下大定,自是始以黄冠自放。其子曰眉。每日樵于山中,置书担上,休担则取书读之。中州有吏部郎者,故名士,访先生。既见,问曰:“郎君安往?”先生答曰:“少需之,且至矣。”俄而有负薪而归者,先生呼曰:“孺子,来前肃客!”吏部颇惊。抵暮,先生令伴客寝,则与叙中州之文献,滔滔不置,吏部或不能尽答也。诘朝④,谢先生曰:“吾甚惭于郎君。”或出游,眉与先生共挽车,暮宿逆旅,仍篝灯课读经、史、骚、选诸书。诘旦,必成诵始行,否则予杖。
戊午,天子有大科⑤之命,给事中李宗孔、刘沛先以先生荐。时先生年七十有四,而眉以病先卒,固辞,有司不可。先生称疾,有司乃令役夫舁⑥其床以行,二孙侍。既至京师三十里,以死拒,不入城。于是益都冯公首过之,公卿毕至。先生卧床,不具迎送礼,蔚州魏公乃以其老病上闻,诏免试,许放还山。时征士⑦中报罢⑧而年老者,恩赐以官。于是特加中书舍人以宠之。益都乃诣先生曰恩命出自格外虽病其为我强入一谢先生不可益都令其宾客百辈说之遂称疾笃乃使人舁以入望见午门泪涔涔下。益都强掖之使谢,则仆于地。蔚州进曰:“止,止,是即谢矣。”次日遽归,众皆出城送之。及卒,以朱衣黄冠殓。著述之仅传者,曰《霜红龛集》。
(选自全祖望《阳曲傅先生事略》,有删节)
【注释】①媕婀(ān’ē):曲意顺从,圆通处世。②甲申:崇祯十七年(1644)。是年李自成破北京,清兵入关。③黄冠:道士的冠。后文的“朱衣”指道士服装。④诘朝:明晨。⑤大科:取士之科,其科目由皇帝到场临时决定。⑥舁(yú):抬。⑦征士:旧称被皇帝征招过的隐士。⑧报罢:没有录取。
5.对下列句中加点词的解释,不正确的一项是( )
A.孺子,来前肃客       揖拜
B.吾甚惭于郎君        羞愧
C.固辞,有司不可       推辞、拒绝
D.于是益都冯公首过之     指责
6.下列各组句子中,加点词的意义和用法都相同的一组是( )
A.愤之,乃坚苦持气节      益都乃诣先生曰
B.休担则取书读之        著述之仅传者
C.蔚州魏公乃以其老病上闻    家世以学行师表晋中
D.俄而有负薪而归者       时征士中报罢而年老者
7.下列句子中,都能表现傅山先生“有气节”的一组是( )
①不肯少与时媕婀     ②天下大定,自是始以黄冠自放
③抵暮,先生令伴客寝   ④必成诵始行,否则予杖
⑤而眉以病先卒,固辞   ⑥先生卧床,不具迎送礼
⑦诏免试,许放还山    ⑧益都强掖之使谢,则仆于地
A.①③⑤⑦ B.②④⑥⑧
C.①②⑥⑧ D.③④⑤⑦
8.下列对原文有关内容的分析和概括,正确的一项是( )
A.看到明朝末年那些达官贵人多贪腐作恶,傅山先生非常气愤。清朝入主中原后,傅山先生做了道士。
B.傅山先生的儿子傅眉非常勤奋,每天利用上山砍柴的间隙博览群书,但是他的学问还是被中州的名士轻视。
C.经名士举荐,傅山先生参加了清朝的科举考试,朝廷赐给他中书舍人的官职。
D.傅山先生死后,是按照道士的丧葬仪式安葬的。他一生只写过一部著作,叫《霜红龛集》。
9.断句和翻译。(10分)
(1)用“/”给下面文段断句。(4分)
益都乃诣先生曰恩命出自格外虽病其为我强入一谢先生不可益都令其宾客百辈说之遂称疾笃乃使人舁以入望见午门泪涔涔下
(2)翻译下面的句子。(6分)
①与叙中州之文献,滔滔不置,吏部或不能尽答也。
②益都强掖之使谢,则仆于地。
10.阅读下面这首词,然后回答问题。(7分)
定风波①
黄庭坚
万里黔中一漏天,屋居终日似乘船。及至重阳天也霁,催醉,鬼门关②外蜀江前。
莫笑老翁犹气岸,君看,几人黄菊上华颠?戏马台南追两谢③,驰射,风流犹拍古人肩。
【注释】①作者被贬黔中所作。②鬼门关:即石门关,今四川奉节县 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )东,两山相夹如蜀门户。③两谢:谢瞻、谢灵运 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank ),二人曾在戏马台前赋诗为乐。
(1)上片前两句描写了怎样的气候特点?这样的描写在全词中有什么作用?(3分)
(2)这首词塑造了一个怎样的抒情主人公形象?抒发了怎样的思想感情?(4分)
11.补写下列名句名篇中的空缺部分。(任选3题,多选只按前3题计分)(6分)
(1)外无期功强近之亲,________________,________________,形影相吊。
(李密《陈情表》)
(2)而世之奇伟、瑰怪、非常之观,________________,而人之所罕至焉,________________。(王安石《游褒禅山记》)
(3)千呼万唤始出来, 。转轴拨弦三两声, 。(白居易《琵琶行》)
(4)且夫天地之间,物各有主, , 。(苏轼《赤壁赋》)
三、本大题4小题,共16分。
阅读下面的文字,完成12~15题。
中国历史上一场最大的是非
垓下一战,项羽的人生之路走到了尽头,而他的命运的悲剧性的显露也就达到了顶点。在整部《史记》中,司马迁写得最为动情的,大概就是这一段。从四面楚歌,到乌江渡口,中间经过了霸王别姬的柔肠百转,误入大泽的挣扎不前,斩将夺旗的叱咤生风,而终归于无面目见江东父老的羞容惭颜。英雄一死,千秋改容。
在秦汉之交的风云变幻中,历史真正的主角,其实只是嬴政和项羽。一个要将中国归于中央集权下的专制一统,一个要恢复天下到六国时代诸侯联盟的松散政制。这看上去好像只是一个是否认同统一的历史趋势的问题,现代人常常站在统一的立场上去批判项羽,仿佛只有用铁骑扫平了六国的秦王才算是一个民族英雄,其实问题并不这么简单。从历史的长时段看,统一的趋势是无法阻遏的。从根本上说,它是中华文明发展到一定阶段,文明内部各部分长期交往整合的必然结果。问题只在以何种方式统一。可以设想,即便没有秦的武力,天下也终将归于一体,这也为汉以后的历史实际所一次次证明。无可否认的是,秦王的铁骑确实使这一过程大大简化了。看上去历史似乎少走了许多弯路,细想来却又未必。先不说铁骑下呻吟的民众,是否也有追求自己那一点卑微的生活自由的权力,就是从文明的发展来说,统一的后果也有许多地方值得怀疑。中央集权确实加强了国家的权力,使秦汉帝国成为当时世界上少有匹敌的强大力量。但是作为代价,从原始社会时代开始积累起来的那一种有限民主(哪怕是统治阶级内部民主)也彻底丧失了。春秋战国时期纵横捭阖的士,逐渐变成了可以“倡优畜之”的文人。当秦军焚烧着六国的宫殿,将天下一切珍奇全都劫掠汇聚向咸阳时,中华文明也就从多元变成了一元,从多中心变成了一个或最多两三个中心(所谓“两都”或“三都”)。项羽的恢复六国,常被看作是历史的倒退,但从另一面看,或许也可以从孔子所谓“兴灭国,继绝世,举遗民”的意义上去理解,说得更清楚一点,也就是从维护民族生存权和文化生态多样性的意义上去理解。
虽然在细节上、性质上,存在着许多重要的差异,但从为文明一体化所选择的道路来说,嬴政与项羽的分别,或许可以拿欧洲近代的拿破仑和今日欧盟的推动者们作比(虽然项羽所行仍是“霸道”)。后世为项羽感到惋惜的人,大半都没有看到历史在这里所隐藏的深刻机微。司马迁写《史记》时,正感受着秦汉专制主义的压力,因而止不住要从感情上偏向项羽。李清照慨言“生当作人杰,死亦为鬼雄。至今思项羽,不肯过江东”,则只是借楚汉旧事,表达对南渡君臣的轻蔑。杜牧从“兵家”立场出发,不轻言失败。虽然所论只是一时的成败,但也于无意中表达出一种对所谓“历史必然”的怀疑。统一的趋势是必然,但这并不意味着路径选择中就不存在某种偶然。乌江渡口的一幕,其实是一个意义十分重大的历史时刻。项羽之死,事实上也就宣告了历史发展中另一种可能性的彻底丧失。
(节选自《读者欣赏》)
12.文中说“后世为项羽感到惋惜的人,大半都没有看到历史在这里所隐藏的深刻机微”,又说“项羽之死,事实上也就宣告了历史发展中另一种可能性的彻底丧失”,此处,对①“深刻机微”②“另一种可能性”的含义的理解正确的是(3分)(  )
A.①嬴政与项羽的分别,并不在于是否认同统一的历史趋势,而在于所选择的实现文明一体化的路径。②与嬴政用铁骑扫平六国实现中央集权一统天下的方法不同,在维护民族生存权和文化多样性的前提下走向中华文明一体化的可能。
B.①嬴政与项羽的分别,在于是否认同统一的历史趋势。②用铁骑扫平六国实现中央集权一统天下。
C.①用铁骑扫平六国实现中央集权一统天下。②维护民族生存权和文化多样性的前提下走向中华文明一体化的可能。
D.①嬴政与项羽的分别,并不在于是否认同统一的历史趋势。②维护民族生存权和文化多样性的前提下走向中华文明一体化的可能。
13.下列对这篇文章的理解,不正确的两项是(5分)(  ) (  )
A.秦王用铁骑扫平六国,天下归于一体。秦王的铁骑使统一的过程大大地简化了,历史少走了许多弯路。
B.统一的趋势是无法阻遏的,它是中华民族发展到一定阶段、文明内部各部分长期交往整合的必然结果。
C.中央集权加强了国家的权力,使秦汉帝国成为当时世界上少有匹敌的强大力量。中华文明也从多元变成了一元,从多中心变成一个或最多两三个中心。
D.从为文明一体化所选择的道路来说,以嬴政与项羽的分别,与欧洲近代的拿破仑和今日欧盟的推动者们的区别完全相同。
E.司马迁感受到了秦汉专制主义的压力,因而在写作《史记》时禁不住从感情上偏向项羽,使“垓下之战”大概成为整部《史记》中写得最为动情的一段。
14.文中说“现代人常常站在统一的立场上去批判项羽,仿佛只有用铁骑扫平了六国的秦王才算是一个民族英雄,其实问题并不这么简单。”这句话的含意是什么?(4分)
15.文中第二段开头说:“在秦汉之交的风云变幻中,历史的真正的主角,其实只是嬴政和项羽。”作者为什么这么说?(4分)
文学类文本阅读
阅读下面的文字,完成16—18题。
陌上花开缓缓归
忍冬
阳春三月,风和日暖;信步城外,看阡陌之上杨柳依依,野花绚烂,身心不由得轻爽而浪漫。“三月风情陌上花”,古远的诗句似乎随风从天边飘来,从历史的深处飘来,拂过阡陌,袭上心头。诗是属于清乾嘉诗人赵翼的,可昂首远望,眼前的陌上风情却是不折不扣的现代,由眼帘入心扉。
漫步陌上,心情是诗意的那种,优雅而散淡,不忍匆促,只因陌上花开;花是自然的那种,朴素而恬淡,不落尘俗。“三月风情陌上花”,是花在其中生命得以璀璨,人在其中心情得以畅然的一种意境。三月陌上花,让人爱让人痴,恍惚人的骨子里头都沉淀了花的影子,花的风韵。
陌上花开,如果没有了从俗累的生活中走出来,悄然伫立阡陌并为陌上风情所陶醉的人,那么花开也寂寞,风情也苍白。于是,一句“陌上花开,可缓缓归矣”,不知被多少人吟诵了多少遍。人归缓缓,那花便有了灵性,便开得执著,陌上风情也被撩拨得浓郁而热烈。
那是春天里一幅最美妙的图画:在粉黛佳丽的簇拥下,一位美若天仙、仪态雍容的贵夫人款摆腰肢,走在一千多年前的江南临安的阡陌上,其时陌上花团锦簇,杨柳轻摇,蝶飞蜂舞,三月风情旖旎之至。这时,一骑快马打陌头杨柳的绿阴中飘然而来,骑者翻身下马,气喘吁吁中把一封书信递给夫人。夫人展开一看,不禁满面春色。原来,吴越王钱镠身在王宫大殿却惦记着远在临安陌上的爱妃,嘱她只管怜花惜柳,消受春色,不必急着回宫,“陌上花开,可缓缓归矣。”钱镠,这位在五代十国的夹缝中占了十二州江山的吴越国王,不提他江山坐得如何,只是这一番对爱妃的体贴、对春色的倾心之情就足以让后人击掌了。缓缓归,缓缓归,多么柔情的一句话游移在古籍史册中,艳称千古。
只是再柔情、再体贴的话,也难以使国家逃脱倾覆的厄运。怜美惜春的柔情敌不了剑戟弓弩的无情。从此,陌上花开依旧,只是钱镠烟逝,爱妃云去,只有“陌上花开,可缓缓归矣”这一句话化作一个美丽的故事,游荡在临安的陌上,等待后人的凭吊。终于在吴越国“国除”的百十来年后的一个秋天,诗人东坡来到了临安。历史似乎特意安排东坡在秋天踏上临安的陌上。陌上春天花开,秋天亦花开,只是春天的骨子里透出的是柔情,而秋天的骨子里透出的却是萧瑟。于是在秋天的陌上花开中,东坡怅对古人,一番凭吊,三首《陌上花》于胸中郁结,一吐而快。“陌上花开蝴蝶飞,江山犹是昔人非”,“若为留得堂堂去,且更从教缓缓归”……诗人一唱三叹中,浸染着人事盛衰的感慨。陌上花,就这样开在历史的车辙中,栉风沐雨,浸透艳丽与沧桑①,令人唏嘘不已。
漫步陌上,尽管不能如吴越王妃那样一路招摇地走在陌上花丛中,也不能像东坡那样怀一颗忧伤之心吟出千古不泯的诗句,不过,并不妨碍我把钱镠与王妃的“缓缓归”当作人类面对大自然所共有的心境去感怀,当然,东坡透过陌上花开而生发的历史感悟更以一种强劲的力量震撼着我的心灵。
我几乎要拜倒在陌上花的面前了。我突然觉得这一束束、一丛丛开了又落、落了又开的陌上花,一直伴随着人类的历史与文化而开而落。我不敢说我可以触摸历史与文化,但我可以深情地抚摸陌上这些娇嫩而又顽强的花朵。“陌上花开缓缓归”,这不仅仅意味着悠闲、诗意,而更大的意义在于,让我们的心灵在恬静的陌上花中,回归人类历史与文化。
缓缓归,缓缓归。披一袭“三月风情”,再采一束“陌上花”,缓缓归。
缓缓归矣,我心已是陌上花开②。
16、对文中画线部分①中的“艳丽与沧桑”,你怎么解读?请简要说明。(4分)
17、文中引用了吴越王钱镠、宋代诗人苏轼和清朝诗人赵翼有关“陌上花”的书信和诗句,三个人表达的感情一样吗?请作简要分析。(5分)
18、根据文意,简要说说你对画线② “我心已是陌上花开”一句话的理解。(6分)
五、本大题2小题,每小题6分,共12分
19.以题目中要求的文字为开头,把下面的一段话改写成一个单句。(6分)
在中国传统中,用以提高人的精神素养、改变经济对人的支配性影响的"读书"是一种
具有特定涵义的学习行为,是除直观意义上的阅读书籍或学习技能之外,更在于淡化功利性
和超越技能学习的一种学习行为。
在中国传统中,"读书"是
20.今年世界“地球一小时”活动中,百度引擎公司与该活动的发起者WWF(世界自然基金会)联合策划“标注你的位置,参与地球一小时”网络活动。网友进入百度“地球一小时”专题页面或世界自然基金会地球一小时官方网站,填写姓名和电子邮件承诺熄灯一小时,就能在百度地图上标注自己参与活动熄灯一小时的位置,并能留下一个绿色的“碳印”。(6分)
下面是学校团委会号召全体学生参与这一活动的倡议书,请你补出空缺的部分,要求包含活动的目的、方式等内容,并倡议全校同学积极参与这一活动。
各位同学:
本次“标注你的位置,参与地球一小时”网络活动,目的是A__________________,从而唤起更多人的低碳环保意识与责任心。希望大家进入积极参与这一活动,B ___________________________________________,以此表达表达支持熄灯活动,用切身行动倡导低碳生活。
为此,校团委会向每一个同学倡议:C ____________________。
六、本大题1小题,60分。
21.阅读下面的文字,根据要求作文。
有这样一个故事:一年冬天,爸爸需要一些柴禾,孩子找到一棵死树,把它砍掉了。到了第二年春天,令人惊愕的是,树干周围生出了新芽。爸爸看了看说:“孩子,别在冬天里砍树。”
是啊,大自然有四季,烂漫的春、绚丽的夏、丰硕的秋、萧索的冬……人又何尝不是呢 有时心情好,诸事顺,春风得意;有时坎坷、挫折接踵而至,让你仿佛置身寒冬。朋友,当你突遇寒流,请记住:不要在冬天里砍树,更不要忧郁地哭泣。等待,耐心地等待,把心望向太阳升起的地方!你看,暴风雪已经过去,春天正翩然走来……
请以“等待春天”为题,写一篇不少于800字的文章,要求立意自定,文体自选,不得抄袭。本试卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分,全卷满分150分,考试时间120分钟.
参考公式:独立性检验
统计量,其中.
概率表
0.005
7.879
一、选择题:本大题共10个小题;每小题5分,共50分.
1.已知茎叶图列举了集合U的所有元素,设A={3,6,9},则=( )
A.{5} B.{5,12} C.{12,13} D.{5,12,13}
2.函数的定义域是( )
A.(1,) B. C.(-1,1) D.
3.已知复数是z的共轭复数,则= ( )
A. B. C. D.
4.( )
A. B.     C. D.
5.有一段“三段论”推理是这样的:对于可导函数,如果,那么是函数的极值点,因为函数在处的导数值,所以,是函数
的极值点.以上推理中( )
A.大前提错误 B. 小前提错误 C.推理形式错误 D.结论正确
6.执行如图的程序框图,则输出的是( )
A. B. C. D.-3
7.已知,则“为的等差中项”是
“是的等比中项”的( )
A.充要条件 B.必要不充分条件
C.充分不必要条件 D.既不充分也不必要条件
8.若实数满足,则的
最大值是( )
A.0 B.3 C.1 D.2
9、在等比数列中, 则a4= ( )
A B C D ( http: / / wxc. / )
10、已知F是双曲线的左焦点,是双曲线右支上的动点,则的最小值为( )
A.6 B.9 C.4 D.5
二、填空题:本大题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分。
11.在△ABC中,若,,,则
12.设,则的最小值是
13.若曲w ww.k s5u.c om线在点(1,0)处的切线的斜率为
14.图1是一个水平摆放的小正方体木块,图2,图3是由这样的小正方体木块叠放而成的,按照这样的规律放下去,至第七个叠放的图形中,小正方体木块总数是
三、解答题:本题有6小题,共80分。解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.
15、(本小题满分12分)
设函数的图象经过点.
(1)求的解析式,并求函数的最小正周期;
(2)若,其中是面积为的锐角的内角,且,
求边和的长
16、(本小题满分12分)
如图是某直三棱柱被削去上底后所得几何体的直观图、左视图、俯视图,在直观图中,M是BD的中点,左视图是直角梯形,俯视图是等腰直角三角形,有关数据如图所示。
(1)求该几何体的体积;
(2)求证:EM∥平面ABC;
17、(本小题满分14分)
通过随机询问某校110名高中学生在购买食物时是否看营养说明,得到如下的列联表:
(1)从这50名女生中按是否看营养说明采取分层抽样,抽取一个容量为的样本,问样本中看与不看营养说明的女生各抽取多少名
(2) 从(1)中的5名女生样本中随机选取两名作深度访谈, 求选到看与不看营养说明的女生各一名的概率;
(3)根据列联表,能否在犯错误的概率不超过0.010的前提下认为“性别与在购买食物时看营养说明”有关?
性别与看营养说明列联表 单位: 名
男 女 总计
看营养说明 50 30 80
不看营养说明 10 20 30
总计 60 50 110
18、(本小题满分14分)
设函数,其中常数a>1
(1)若a=2时,求f(x)的单调递增区间;
(2)若当x≥0时,f(x)>0恒成立,求a的取值范围。
19 、(本小题满分14分)
已知数列中,
(1)求数列的通项公式;
(2)设 求T n
(3)
20、(本小题满分14分)
平面直角坐标系中,为坐标原点,给定两点A(1,0)、B(0,-2),点C满足 、.
(1)求点C的轨迹方程;
(2)设点C的轨迹与双曲线交于M、N两点,且以MN为直径的圆过原点,求证;
(3)在(Ⅱ)的条件下,若双曲线的离心率不大于,求双曲线实轴长的取值范围.
高二文科数学3月月考参考答案
三、解答题:(本大题共6小题,共80分)
15(本题满分12分)
解:(1)函数的图象过点
(2)因为 即
∴ ∵是面积为的锐角的内角,
【说明】 本小题主要考查了三角函数的基本性质,以及余弦定理,考查了简单的数学运算能力.
16(本题满分12分)
所以四边形AGME为平行四边形,∴EM∥AG, ∴EM∥平面ABC.………12分
【说明】本题主要考察空间点、线、面位置关系,三视图、棱锥的体积等基础知识,考查空间想象能力、运算能力和推理论证能力.
17、(本题满分14分)
解:(1)根据分层抽样可得:样本中看营养说明的女生有名,样本中不看营养说明的女生有名;
(3) 根据题中的列联表的数据可知
由表可知 ,
7.486 > 6.635
在犯错误的概率不超过0.010的前提下认为“性别与在购买食物时看营养说明”有关。
【说明】本题主要考察读图表、抽样方法、随机事件的概率、独立性检验等基础知识,考查运用概率统计知识解决简单实际问题的能力,数据处理能力和应用意识.
18、(本题满分14分)
由假设知
即 解得 1故的取值范围是(1,6)
【说明】本题考查导数与函数的综合运用能力,涉及利用导数讨论函数的单调性,第一问关键是通过分析导函数,从而确定函数的单调性,第二问是利用导数及函数的最值,由恒成立条件得出不等式条件从而求出的范围。
19、(本题满分14分).
【说明】考察构造数列的思想,求前n数列的通项与前n项和之间的关系,裂项相消法等知识,考查化归与转化的思想以及创新意识
20、(本题满分14分)
解:(Ⅰ)设,则
,
. …………6分
.
,
. …………………………………9分
(Ⅲ)..
.
∴双曲线实轴长的取值范围是. ……………………………………………14分(考试时间60分钟,满分100分)
一、单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题2分,共50分。在每小题给出的四个选项中只有一项是符合题目要求的)
1.读下图,下面四幅图中,表示实际范围最大的是( )
A.a图 B.b图 C.c图 D. d图
读北半球某陆地局部图,图中X、Y为等高线(等高距为100米),L为河流,对角线为经线。据此回答2~3题。
2.图中河流L的流向为( )
A.从东流向西
B.从西南流向东北
C.从西流向东
D.从东北流向西南
3.若X数值为500米,沿图中经线的地形剖面图是
地形等高线的弯曲与疏密蕴含着许多关于地形的信息,下图是某地区等高线地形示意图。回答4~5题
4.图中所示地区山脊的基本走向为( )
A.东北一西南向 B.东西向
C.西北一东南向 D.南北向
5.图示山体主峰的西北坡地形特征是 ( )
A.上、下部均陡峭
B. 上部较陡,下部较缓
C. 上、下部均平缓
D. 上部较缓,下部较陡
读下面四幅等高线图,回答6~7题:
6.图中的数字表示地形的部位,下列选项中,地形部位名称排列与图序相符的是( )
A.①山峰②山谷③山脊④盆地 B.①山峰②山脊③鞍部④山谷
C.①盆地②山脊③鞍部④山峰 D.①盆地②山脊③山谷④山峰
7.上图四幅地图中的虚线,可能发育成河流的是( )
A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②④
读某地区等高线地形图,图中有一河流,该地一年中正午太阳的位置始终在北。据此回答8~9题。
8.图中P地的地形是 ( )
A.凹地 B.凸地 C.鞍部 D.可能是凹地也可能是凸地
9.图中河流的两岸六地中,在自然状态下侵蚀较重的是 ( )
A.2、3、5 B.1、4、6 C.1、3、5 D.2、4、6
读等高线示意图,已知a>b。读图回答10~11题
10.有关P、Q两处地形的正确叙述( )
A.P为山坡上的洼地,Q为山坡上的洼地
B.Q为山坡上的洼地,P为山坡上的小丘
C.P、Q均为山坡上的小丘
D.P、Q均为山坡上的洼地
11.若b的海拔高度为200米,a的海拔高度为300米,则P、Q处的海拔高度为( )
A.200<P<300,300<Q<400 B.300<P<400,100<Q<200 C. 100<Q<200, 200<P<300 D.200<Q<300, 300<P<400
下图为某假想陆地的一部分,读图回答12~14题。
12.甲地的气候类型是 (  )
A.热带季风气候 B.亚热带季风气候
C.地中海气候 D.热带草原气候
13.下列地区,河流有冰期的是 (  )
A.甲 B.乙 C.丙 D.丁
14.F为一小岛,1月份小岛西侧 (  )
A.月平均气温大于0℃,降水量较大 B.月平均气温小于0℃,降水量较大
C.月平均气温大于0℃,降水量较小 D.月平均气温小于0℃,降水量较小
读某地年气温和降水量分布图,回答15~16题。
15.对该地气候特点叙述不正确的是 (  )
A.气温年较差小 B.最冷月气温大于18℃
C.降水季节分布均匀 D.夏季降水丰富
16.根据图中气温和降水数据,判断该地的气候类型是 (  )
A.温带海洋性气候 B.温带大陆性气候
C.热带季风气候 D.地中海气候
读下图a、b、c三种气候类型的气温和降水的示意图(abc代表单元格),回答17~19题。
17.有关a气候的叙述,正确的是( )
A.我国特有 B.雨热同期 C.盛夏伏旱 D.冬雨夏干
18.b气候类型肯定位于( )
A.北半球大陆东岸 B.北半球大陆西岸
C.南半球大陆东岸 D.南半球大陆西岸
19.a、b、c三种气候类型分布的纬度从低到高依次为( )
A.a—b—c B.b—c—a C.c—a—b D.c—b—a
20.某海港位于54°N,当北京时间为7月7日6点时,海港为7月6日22点,它的气候类型是 ( )
A.温带季风气候 B.地中海气候
C.温带海洋性气候 D.温带大陆性气候
下图为某沿海岛屿20°纬线的地形剖面及两地气候统计图,据图完成21~22题。
21.该岛甲、乙两地 (  )
A.1月降水最大 B.2月~6月的降水逐月增加
C.7月气温最低 D.8月~12月气温逐月递减
22.甲地比乙地降水量小的主要原因是 (  )
A.地处背风地带 B.海拔较高
C.受沿岸寒流影响 D.距海较远
读下图,回答下面23~24题。
23.A国的主要气候类型是 ( )
A.温带季风气候
B.热带季风气候
C.亚热带季风气候
D.温带大陆性气候
24.有关B国的描述正确的是( )
A.世界上面积最大的国家
B.以温带海洋性气候为主
C.附近海域有墨西哥湾暖流经过
D.第29届夏季奥运会的举办国
读右图完成第25题。
25.右图气候条件下的典型水果有( )
A.苹果、犁
B.猕猴桃、柠檬
C.葡萄、柑橘
D.哈密瓜、荔枝
二、综合题(共2大题,共50分)
26.读世界略图,回答下列问题。(共26分)
(1)比较②④两地气候。
②地 ④地
气候类型
特点
分布规律
(2)在①②③④⑤五地气候中受洋流影响最明显的是 地。影响①地和⑤地气候差异的主要因素是 。
(3)②地常年盛行 风,该地的盛行风是( )(填字母)。
A.由副热带高气压带吹向赤道低气压带
B.由副极地低气压带吹向副热带高气压带
C.由副极地高气压带吹向副极地低气压带
D.由副热带高气压带吹向副极地低气压带
(4)与 ③地比较,①地水循环活跃,表现在 等主要环节上。
(5)④地被称为回归荒漠带上的“绿洲”,其形成原因是:(4分)
27.下图为气候类型分布模式图,图中左侧是某季节影响气候形成的气压带风带位置示意图。据此回答问题。(每空2分,共24分)
(1)图中甲气压带的名称是 ;根据图中气压带、风带的位置,可以判断上图所示是北半球的 (季节)。
(2)据图分析,气候类型④成因是 ;分布的一般规律是 (要说明纬度位置和海陆位置)。
(3)气候类型③的成因是 。
(4)气候类型①所示地区植被类型是 ,由气候①→②→③→④→⑤变化所产生的自然带变化反映了 的地域分异规律,这说明 因素对该差异的影响明显。
(5)图中⑥所示地区发展农业生产的有利条件是 ;图中⑤所示地区的主要农业地域类型是 。
(6)除了亚洲东部外,其他地区有没有⑥气候分布?(2分)为什么?(2分)
龙川一中2011-2012学年第二学期3月月考
高二地理答案
选择题(共40分)
二、综合题(共50分)
26.【答案】(1)
(2) ② 地形
(3) 西南(西) D
(4)降水陆地径流(写“地表径流”也可)
(5)④地位于亚欧大陆东岸;介于世界最大的大洋和世界最大的大陆之间,海陆热力差异显著,形成季风环流;夏季风来自太平洋,带来丰沛降水。(必须以大气运动来回答)
27. 答案:(1)副热带高气压带  夏季  

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