浙江省嵊泗中学2011-2012学年高一第一次月考(10份)

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浙江省嵊泗中学2011-2012学年高一第一次月考(10份)

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高一化学试题
可能用到的相对原子质量:H:1 C:12 O:16
第I卷
一、选择题(每小题只有一个正确答案,1-10题每题2分,11-20题每题3分,共50分。)
1..是重要的核工业原料,在自然界的含量很低,它的浓缩一直为国际社会所关注。下
列有关说法正确的是 ( )
A.含有92个中子 B.核外有143个电子
C.与为U的两种核素 D.中有143个质子
2.元素性质呈周期性变化的决定因素是 ( )
A.元素的原子半径大小呈周期性变化 B.元素相对原子质量依次递增
C.元素原子的核外电子排布呈周期性变化 D.元素的主要化合价呈周期性变化
3. 下列化学用语正确的是 ( )
A.氮气分子的电子式: B.硫原子的结构示意图:
C.溴化钠的电子式: D.水分子的结构式:
4. 根据原子序数推断,下列各组元素化合时能以离子键结合的是 ( )
A. 10与19 B. 6与16 C. 11与17 D. 14与8
5.下列变化中,不需要破坏化学键的是 ( )www.
A.加热氯化铵 B.干冰气化 C.食盐熔化 D.氯化氢溶于水
6. 下列属于同素异形体的一组物质是 ( )
A.和 B.氯气和液氯 C.和 D.N2和N4
7.下列反应既属于氧化还原反应,又是吸热反应的是 (   )
A.铝片与稀盐酸的反应 B.Ba(OH)2 8H2O与NH4Cl的反应
C.灼热的炭与CO2的反应 D.单质硫在氧气中的燃烧反应
8.在2A+B 3C+4D中,表示该反应速率最快的是 ( )
A.υ(A) = 0.5 B.υ(B) = 0.3
C.υ(C) = 0.8 D.υ(D)= 1
9.某元素最高价氧化物对应水化物的分子式是H4RO4,则其氢化物的分子式是 ( )
A. RH4 B. RH3 C. H2R D. HR
10 25℃、101kPa时,1g甲醇完全燃烧生成CO2和液态H2O,同时放出22.68kJ热量,下列表示该反应的热方程式正确的是 ( )
A CH4O(l)+O2(g)==CO2(g)+2H2O(g);△H=—725.8kJ· mol—1
B 2CH4O(l)+3O2(g)==2CO2(g)+4H2O(l);△H=+1451.6kJ· mol—1
C 2CH4O(l)+3O2(g)==2CO2(g)+4H2O(l);△H=—22.68kJ· mol—1
D CH4O(l)+O2(g)==CO2(g)+2H2O(l);△H=—725.8kJ· mol—1
11.在元素周期表中,第3、4、5、6周期所含元素的数目分别是 ( )
A. 8、18、32、32 B. 8、18、18、32
C.8、18、18、18 D. 8、8、18、18
12.下列微粒中:① ② ③④,其核外电子数相同的是( )
  A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
13.A和B均为短周期元素,它们的离子A-和B2+具有相同的核外电子层结构。下面说法正确的是 ( )
A.原子序数为A > B B.核外电子数为A > B
C. 原子半径A > B D.离子半径 A- > B2+
14、下列各组顺序的排列不正确的是 ( )
A.离子半径:Na+>Mg2+>Al3+>F- B.热稳定性:HCl>H2S>PH3>AsH3
C.酸性强弱: H2SiO3<H2CO3<H3PO4 D.熔点:SiO2>NaCl>I2>CO2
15.下列各组反应(表中物质均为反应物),反应刚开始时,放出H2的速率最大的是 ( )
金属(粉末状)/mol 酸的浓度及体积 反应温度
A Mg 0.1 6mol·L-1硝酸 10mL 60℃
B Mg 0.1 3mol·L-1盐酸 10mL 60℃
C Fe 0.1 3mol·L-1盐酸 10mL 60℃
D Mg 0.1 3mol·L-1硫酸 10mL 60℃
16.一定温度下,可逆反应2NO2 2NO+O2在体积固定的密闭容器中反应,达到平衡状态标志是 ( )
①单位时间内生成n mol O2 ,同时生成2n mol NO2
②单位时间内生成n mol O2 ,同时生成2n mol NO
③用NO2、NO、O2的物质的量浓度变化表示的反应速率的比为2 :2 :1
④混合气体的压强不再改变
⑤混合气体的颜色不再改变
⑥混合气体的平均摩尔质量不再改变
A.①④⑤⑥ B.①②③⑤ C.②③④⑥ D.以上全部
17.在同温同压下,下列各组热化学方程式中,△H2>△H 1的是
A.2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g), △H 1;2H2(g)+ O2(g)=2H2O(l), △H2
B.S(g)+O2(g)=SO2(g), △H 1;S(s)+O2(g)=SO2(g), △H2
C.C(s)+O2(g)=CO(g), △H 1;C(s)+O2(g)=CO2(g), △H2
D.H2(g)+Cl2(g)=HCl(g),△H1 H2(g)+Cl2(g)=2HCl(g), △H 2
18.下列各组物质的晶体中,化学键类型相同、晶体类型也相同的是 ( )
A.SO2和SiO2 B.CO2和H2S C.NaCl和HCl D.CCl4和KCl
19.某元素R的阳离子是Rn+, 核外共有X个电子, 其质量数为A, 则R核内中子数为( )
A、A-X+n B、A+X+n C、A-X-n D、A-n+X
20..a、b、c、d、e是同周期的五种元素,a和b的最高价氧化物对应水化物呈碱性,且碱性b>a;c和d的气态氢化物的稳定性d>c;五种元素的原子得失电子后所形成的简单离子中e的离子半径最小,则它们的原子序数由小到大的顺序是 ( )
A.b、a、d、c、e B.e、b、a、d、c C.b、a、e、c 、d D.c、d、e、a、b
第II卷
二.填空题(50分)
21. 完成下列物质的电子式:(4分)
H2O: KOH: MgCl2: CO2
22..(4分)下列微粒之间,属于同位素的是 ,属于同素异形体的是 ,
属于同分异构体的是 ,固体时属于同种晶体的是 。
A.正丁烷与异丁烷 B.红磷与白磷 C.氕与氚 D.氯化钠与干冰 E.金刚石与水晶
23.(7分)氢气和氧气反应生成1 mol水蒸气放热241.8kJ,写出该反应的热化学方程式:                      。若1g水蒸气转化成液态水放热2.444kJ,则反应H2(g)+O2(g)H2O(1)的△H=        kJ·mol-1。氢气的热值为         kJ·mol-1。
24.(16分)下表是元素周期表的一部分,针对表中的①~⑨种元素,填写下列空白。
ⅠA ⅡA ⅢA ⅣA ⅤA ⅥA ⅦA 0族
2 ① ② ③ ④ ⑤
3 ⑥ ⑦ ⑧ ⑨
(1)在这些元素中化学性质最不活泼的是 (填元素符号)
(2)①②⑥⑦中原子半径最小的是 (填元素符号);
(3)表中氧化性最强的单质的化学式为 ;
(4)如何用实验的方法来比较⑥⑦两种单质的金属性大小
(5)④⑧⑨三种元素的气态氢化物的稳定性强弱顺序 > > (填化学式);
(6)画出⑨的离子结构示意图 。
(7)元素②的氢化物与元素⑨的氢化物反应的化学方程式为 ;该反应的产物属于 (填 “共价”或“离子”)化合物。
25.(10分) 2SO2(g)+O2(g)?? 2SO3(g),反应过程的能量变化如图所示。已知1 mol SO2(g)氧化为1 mol SO3(g)的ΔH=-99 kJ/mol。
请回答下列问题:
(1) E的大小对该反应的反应热有无影响? 。
(2)图中ΔH= kJ/mol;
(3)V2O5的催化循环机理可能为:V2O5氧化SO2时,自身被还原为四价钒化合物;四价钒化合物再被氧气氧化。写出该催化循环机理的化学方程式 ;

(4)如果反应速率v(SO2)为0.05 mol/(L·min),则
v(O2)= mol/(L·min)、v(SO3)= mol/(L·min);
三.计算题
26.(9分)把6 molA气体和5 molB气体混合放入4L密闭容器中,在一定条件下发生反应:
3A(g)+B(g) 2C(g)+xD(g),经5min达到平衡,此时生成2molC,测得D平均反应速率为
0.15 mol·(L·min)-1 ,
求;(1)平衡时A的物质的量浓度为 mol/L
(2)B的转化率为
(3)x的值为



期高一化学试题(7-8班)
可能用到的相对原子质量:H-1 C-12 N-14 O-16
一: 选择题(每小题只有一个选项满足题意,多选或错选均不得分.其中1—10小题,每题2分,11—20小题,每题3分)
1.面对日益恶化的地球生态环境,联合国环境规划署建议“低碳生活方式”降低二氧化碳等温室气体的排放,人人行动来保护我们生存的家园。下列说法正确的是(  )
A.CO2的比例模型为
B.用过氧化钠吸收CO2是目前比较经济的减碳方案
C.16O==C==18O与16O==C==16O互为同位素且化学性质相似
D.从我做起节电、节气等低碳生活方式可减少温室气体排放量
2.铊是超导材料的组成元素之一,铊在元素周期表中位于第6周期,与铝是同主族元素,元素符号是Tl。下列对铊单质及其化合物的性质推断中,错误的是( )
A.铊是易导电的银白色金属 B.铊能生成+3价的阳离子
C.氢氧化铊是两性氢氧化物 D. T13+的得电子能力比A13+弱
3.在下列变化过程中,既有离子键被破坏又有共价键被破坏的是(  )
A.将SO2通入水中     B.烧碱溶于水
C.将HCl通入水中 D.硫酸氢钠溶于水
4. 下列分子式①C2H6O ②C4H10 ③N2 ④C ⑤CH4 ⑥P,表示的物质一定是纯净物的是( )。
A.③⑤⑥ B.③⑤ C.③④⑤⑥ D.②③④⑤⑥
5. 16O和18O是氧元素的两种核素,NA表示阿伏加德罗常数,下列说法正确的是(  )
A.16O2与18O2互为同分异构体 B.16O与18O核外电子排布方式不同
C.通过化学变化可以实现16O与18O间的相互转化
D.标准状况下,1.12 L 16O2和1.12 L 18O2均含0.1NA个氧原子
6.在下列各项叙述中,你认为正确的是(  )
A.构成单质分子的微粒一定含有共价键
B.在NaCl中,除存在Na+和Cl-的静电吸引作用外,还存在电子与电子、原子核与原子核之间的排斥作用
C.HF的稳定性较强,是因为其分子间能形成氢键
D.含有共价键的物质一定是共价化合物
7.下列变化过程,属于放热反应的是(  )
①液态水变成水蒸气 ②酸碱中和反应 ③浓H2SO4稀释 ④固体NaOH溶于水
⑤H2在Cl2中燃烧 ⑥食物腐败
A.②③④⑤⑥ B.②③④
C.②⑤⑥ D.①③⑤
8.在一定条件下,向1 L密闭容器中充入3 mol X 气体和1 mol Y气体,发生反应2X(g)+2Y(g)3Z(g)+2W(g),达到化学平衡时,测出的下列各生成物浓度的数据中肯定错误的是(  )
A.c(Z)=0.75 mol/L     B.c(Z)=1.2 mol/L
C.c(W)=0.8 mol/L D.c(W)=1 mol/L
9.在一体积固定容器内,对于N2(g)+3H2(g)2NH3(g) ΔH<0的反应,达到化学平衡状态的标志为(  )
A.断开1个N≡N键的同时有6个N—H键生成
B.混合气体的密度不变
C.混合气体的平均相对分子质量不变
D.N2、H2、NH3分子数之比1∶3∶2的状态
10.含11.2gKOH的稀溶液与1L0.12mol/L的H2SO4溶液反应放出11.46kJ的热量。该反应的热化学方程式是 ( )
A. KOH(aq)+1/2H2SO4(aq)==1/2K2SO4(aq)+H2O(l); △H=-11.46 kJ/mol
B.2KOH(aq)+ H2SO4(aq)==K2SO4(aq)+2H2O(g); △H=-114.6 kJ/mol
C.2KOH(aq)+ H2SO4(aq)==K2SO4(aq)+2H2O(l); △H=+114.6 kJ/mol
D.KOH(aq)+1/2H2SO4(aq)==1/2K2SO4(aq)+H2O(l);△H=-57.3 kJ/mol
11.在温度不变、恒容的容器中进行反应H22H ΔH>0,若反应物的浓度由0.1 mol·L-1降到0.06 mol·L-1需20 s,那么由0.06 mol·L-1降到0.036 mol·L-1,所需反应时间应(  )
A.等于10 s B.等于12 s
C.大于12 s D.小于12 s
12. 以M原子为中心形成的MX2Y2分子中,X、Y分别只以单键与M结合,下列说法中正确的是()。
A.若MX2Y2分子空间构型为平面四边形,则有两种同分异构体
B.若MX2Y2分子空间构型为平面四边形,则无同分异构体
C.若MX2Y2分子空间构型为正四面体型,则有两种同分异构体
D.若MX2Y2分子空间构型为正四面体型,则四种同分异构体
13.R和Y都是非金属元素,其酸根离子RO与YO的电子数相等,则下列说法正确的是(  )
①R、Y的阴离子具有相同的电子层结构
②RO与YO对应的酸都是强电解质
③RO与YO只可能被还原,不可能被氧化
④R和Y是位于同周期相邻的主族元素
A.①③④           B.①②
C.①④ D.③④
14.已知: 2H2O(l) = 2H2(g) + O2(g);△H =+571.6kJ
CH4(g) + 2O2(g) = 2H2O(l) + CO2(g);△H =-890.3kJ,
1克氢气和1克甲烷分别燃烧后,放出的热量之比约是 ( )
A.1:3.4 B.1:1.7 C.2.6:1 D.4.6:1
15. X、Y、Z和W代表原子序数依次增大的四种短周期元素,X原子核内没有中子,在周期表中,Z与Y、W均相邻;Y、Z和W三种元素的原子最外层电子数之和为17。则下列有关叙述正确的是(  )
A.Y、Z和W三种元素可能位于同一周期
B.上述元素形成的氢化物中,W的氢化物相对分子质量最大,熔、沸点最高
C.Y和W所形成的含氧酸均为强酸
D.X、Y、Z和W可形成X5YZ4W的离子化合物
16.短周期元素A、B、C、D的原子序数依次递增,它们的原子序数之和为32,且原子最外层电子数之和为10;A、C原子的最外层电子数之和等于B原子的次外层电子数;A与C,B与D均为同主族元素。下列叙述正确的是(  )
A.四种元素的原子半径:AB.最高价氧化物对应的水化物的酸性:B>D
C.C元素处于元素周期表中第3周期第ⅡA族
D.B、D的最高价氧化物中,B、D与氧原子之间均为单键
17.白磷与氧可发生如下反应:P4+5O2== P4O10。已知断裂下列化学键需要吸收的能量分别为: P-P a kJ·mol-1?、P—O b kJ·mol-1、P==O c kJ·mol-1、O==O d kJ·mol-1?。 根据图示的分子结构和有关数据估算该反应的ΔH,其中正确的是 ( )
A.(6a+5d-4c-12b) kJ·mol-1
B.(4c +12b -6a-5d) kJ·mol-1
C.(4c +12b -4a-5d) kJ·mol-1
D.(4a+5d-4c -12b) kJ·mol-1
18. SiCl4的分子结构与CCl4类似,对其作出如下推断:①常温常压下SiCl4是分子晶体;②常温常压下SiCl4是液体;③SiCl4是由共价键形成的分子;④SiCl4熔点高于CCl4。其中正确的是()
A 只有①②④ B 只有①②③ C 只有②③④ D ①②③④
19.为了说明影响化学反应快慢的因素,甲、乙、丙、丁四同学分别设计了如下A~D四个实验,你认为结论不正确的是(  )
A.将相同大小、形状的镁条与相同物质的量浓度的盐酸和硝酸反应时两者速率一样大
B.在相同条件下,等质量的大理石块和大理石粉与相同浓度的盐酸反应,大理石粉反应快
C.将浓硝酸分别放在冷暗处和强光照射下,会发现光照可以加快浓硝酸的分解
D.两支试管中分别加入相同质量的氯酸钾,其中一支试管中再加入少量二氧化锰,同时加热,产生氧气的快慢不同
20.元素X、Y和Z可结合形成化合物XYZ3;X、Y和Z的原子序数之和为26;Y和Z在同一周期。下列有关推测正确的是(  )
A.XYZ3是一种可溶于水的酸,且X与Y可形成共价化合物XY
B.XYZ3是一种微溶于水的盐,且X与Z可形成离子化合物XZ
C.XYZ3是一种易溶于水的盐,且Y与Z可形成离子化合物YZ
D.XYZ3是一种离子化合物,且Y与Z可形成离子化合物YZ2
二 填空(共4小题,总共50分)
21.(12分) 2SO2(g)+O2(g)?? 2SO3(g),反应过程的能量变化如图所示。已知1 mol SO2(g)氧化为1 mol SO3(g)的ΔH=-99 kJ/mol。
请回答下列问题:
(1) E的大小对该反应的反应热有无影响? 。该反应通常用V2O5作催化剂,加V2O5会使图中B点升高还是降低? ;
(2)图中ΔH= kJ/mol;
(3)V2O5的催化循环机理可能为:V2O5氧化SO2时,自身被还原为四价钒化合物;四价钒化合物再被氧气氧化。写出该催化循环机理的化学方程式 ;

(4)如果反应速率v(SO2)为0.05 mol/(L·min),则
v(O2)= mol/(L·min)、v(SO3)= mol/(L·min);
(5)已知S (s)+O2(g)?? 2SO2(g) ΔH=-296 kJ/mol,计算由S(s)生成3 mol SO3(g)的ΔH 。
22.(12分)元素X、Y、Z、M、Q均为短周期主族元素,且原子序数依次增大。已知元素Y最高价氧化物对应水化物与它的氢化物反应能生成一种盐;Z原子最外层电子数与核外电子总数之比为3:4;M可与Z形成阴、阳离子个数比为1:2的两种化合物,Q原子的最外层电子数与次外电子数之比为3:4,YX3常温下为气体。
(1)化合物A、B由X、Z、M、Q四种元素中的三种组成的强电解质,且A属于碱,B属于盐,组成元素的原子数目之比均为1:1:1,则化合物A的化学式为 ,B的化学式是 。
(2)Se是人体必备的微量元素,与Q同一主族。该族二至五周期元素单质分别与H2
反应生成1mol 气态氢化物的反应热如下,表示生成1 mol哂化氢反应热(△H)的是
(填字母代号)。
A.+99.7kJ·mol-1 B.+29.7 kJ·mol-1
C.-20.6 kJ·mol-1 D.-241.8 kJ·mol-1
(3)X与Z、X与Q均可形成18电子分子甲和乙,写出甲、乙两种分子在水溶液中反
应生成Q单质的化学方程式 。X和Y也可形成18电子分子丙,它通常是一种液态火箭燃料。25℃、常压下,3.2g丙在氧气中完全燃烧放出热量为62.4kJ,请写出丙完全燃烧的热化学反应方程式 。
(4)X、Y两种元素形成的离子化合物的电子式为 。
23.(13分)下表为元素周期表的一部分,A、B、D、E、G、L、Q为部分元素。其中L的单质在人类的生产和生活中有着十分重要的作用,Q的化合物可以有黑色、红色、蓝色、白色等多种颜色。
(1)请回答下列问题:
①写出G-的结构示意图:________。
②元素L在周期表中的位置:________。
③元素Q的单质为红色,写出单质Q在空气中生锈的化学方程式:_______________。
(2)由A、D、E、G、L五种元素组成的物质[DL(EA)nG6-n]m(其中m、n为正整数,n<5、m<10)广泛应用于日常生活用水和工业污水的处理。某化工厂以工业生产废料(D、L的单质及其氧化物)为原料制取[DL(EA)nG6-n]m,设计的生产流程如下:
[DL(EA)nG6-n]m
①选用的试剂X应为________。
②下列关于[DL(EA)nG6-n]m的说法正确的是________(填序号)。
A.该物质中L元素的化合价为+2
B.该物质在熔融态不导电
C.该物质在强酸和强碱性溶液中均不能稳定存在
D.该物质溶于水能电离出(EA)离子,是一种碱
③写出上述流程的酸性溶液中加入BGE3时,发生反应的离子方程式:_______________。
24.(13分)以钛铁矿(主要成分FeTiO3,钛酸亚铁)为主要原料冶炼金属钛,生产的工艺流程图如下,其中钛铁矿与浓硫酸发生反应的化学方程式为:
FeTiO3+2H2SO4===TiOSO4+FeSO4+2H2O
回答下列问题:
(1)钛铁矿和浓硫酸反应属于________(选填“氧化还原反应”或“非氧化还原反应”)。
(2)上述生产流程中加入物质A的目的是防止Fe2+被氧化,物质A是________,上述制备TiO2的过程中,所得到的副产物和可回收利用的物质分别是_________________________,
(3)反应TiCl4+2Mg2MgCl2+Ti在Ar气氛中进行的理由是__________________
________________________________________________________________________。
(4)由二氧化钛制取四氯化钛所涉及的反应有:
TiO2(s)+2Cl2(g)+2C(s)===TiCl4(g)+2CO(g) ΔH1=-72 kJ·mol-1
TiO2(s)+2Cl2(g)===TiCl4(g)+O2(g) ΔH2=38.8 kJ·mol-1
C(s)+CO2(g)===2CO(g) ΔH3=282.8 kJ·mol-1
反应C(s)+O2(g)===CO2(g)的ΔH=________。高一数学试题
一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题5分,共50分)
1、的值是 ( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
2、己知向量,则 ( )
A、    B、     C、     D、
3、在平行四边形中,等于 ( )
A、     B、   C、    D、
4、设向量,, ( )
A、      B、-      C、     D、-
5、 设向量,,且,则锐角为 ( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
6、已知,,若与的夹角为钝角,则的取值范围是 ( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
7、若、为锐角,且满足,,则的值是 ( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
8、把函数的图象先向右平移,然后把图象上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的,则所得图象的函数是 ( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
9、已知向量、的夹角为,,,若,则的值为( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
10、函数是 ( )
A、偶函数且最大值为 B、奇函数且最大值为
C、奇函数且最大值为 D、偶函数且最大值为
二、填空题(每小题4分,共28分)
11、已知,且是第二象限角,那么的值是___▲_____
12、已知,则_____▲______。
13、已知向量.若向量,则实数的值是 ▲ 。
14、函数的最小值是_____▲________。
15、已知,且,则的值为 _____▲____。
16、已知:一个周期的图象
如右图,
则它的一个表达式为:_______▲_________。
17、已知向量,向量,则的最大值是 ▲ 。
三、解答题:(本大题共5小题,共72分.解答应写出文字说明,证明过程或演算步骤).
18、(本小题满分14分)已知角的终边上的一点P的坐标为且
(1)求的值; (2)求的值。
19、(本小题满分14分)已知非零向量、满足,且.
(1)求; (2)当时,求向量与的夹角的值。
20、(本小题满分14分)
已知函数,.
(1)当函数取得最大值时,求自变量的集合;
(2)用“五点法”作出函数在一个周期上的图象,
(3)求函数图象的单调递增区间。
21、(本小题满分15分)已知向量
(1) 求的取值范围;
(2) 若,求。
22、(本小题满分15分)已知函数,.
(1)当时,求函数的最大值;
(2)如果对于区间上的任意一个,都有成立,求的取值范围。
2011/2012学年第二学期嵊泗中学第一次月考
高一(1~6班)数学答卷
一、选择题(本大题共5*10=50分)
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
答案
二、填空题(本大题共4*7=28分)
11、_____________ 12、_____________13、_____________14、__________
15、______________ 16、____________________ 17、_____________
三、简答题(本大题共72分)
18、(本小题满分14分)已知角的终边上的一点P的坐标为且
(1)求的值; (2)求的值。
19、(本小题满分14分)已知非零向量、满足,且.
(1)求; (2)当时,求向量与的夹角的值。
20、(本小题满分14分)
已知函数,.
(1)当函数取得最大值时,求自变量的集合;
(2)用“五点法”作出函数在一个周期上的图象,
(3)求函数图象的单调递增区间。
21、(本小题满分15分)已知向量
(1) 求的取值范围;
(2) 若,求.
22. (本小题满分15分)已知函数,.
(1)当时,求函数的最大值;
(2)如果对于区间上的任意一个,都有成立,求的取值范围.
20、(本小题满分14分)
已知向量
(1) 求的取值范围;
(2) 若,求.
(2)(普通班)若且,,其中 A、B 是直角的两个锐角,试求的取值范围.
24.(附加题:记入总分但总分不超过150分)(本题满分8分)
已知函数
(1)设>0为常数,若上是增函数,求的取值范围;
(2)设集合若AB恒成立,求实数m的取值范围.
6、设,且,则锐角为 ( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
9、已知向量、的夹角为,,,若,则的值为( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
10、设是任意的非零向量且互相不共线,则下列命题中:
① ②
③不与垂直 ④
真命题有 ( )
(A)①② (B)②③ (C)③④ (D)②④
10、已知函数为偶函数,其图象与直线的交点的横坐标为.若的最小值为,则 ( )
(A) , (B) , (C) , (D) ,
5、平面上有三个点,若,则的值为( )
A、6 B、7 C、8 D、9
12、已知,则的值为________________________
11、是最小正周期为 的 (填“奇”、“偶”、“既奇又偶”或“非奇非偶”)函数
16(实验班)、由四个相同的直角三角形与中间的小正方形拼成的一个大正方形, 若直角三角形中较小的锐角为θ, 大正方形面积是1, 小正方形面积是, 则的值是
14、已知,则=___________
17(普通班)、已知四边形ABCD四边相等,,,则
19.已知非零向量、满足,且.
(1)求;
(2)当时,求向量与的夹角的值.
O
x
y
O
x
y高一语文试题
一、语言文字运用(共19分,1-5小题,每小题3分;第6小题4分)
1、下列词语中加点字的读音全都正确的一项是( )
A、分当(fèn) 庶几 (jǐ) 辟芷 (pì) 潜在(qiǎn)
B、冠冕 (guàn) 羁縻(mí) 庚寅(yín) 羞怯(què)
C、翌日(yì) 攻讦(jié) 拘泥(nì) 趿拉 (tā)
D、鬈曲(quán) 褶皱(zhě) 苗裔(yī) 自刭(jǐn)
2、下列各组词语中有错别字的一项是 ( )
A、愧怍 湮没 慷慨得志 漫不经心 B、滞笨 蹙眉 礼尚往来 号呼靡及
C、赊帐 詈骂 天高地迥 躁而相逐 D、骐骥 扼腕 矫诏纷出 残羹冷炙
3、下列加点词语使用正确的一项是( )
A.如果有人拖欠他几双——比如说——两双以上靴子的价款,竟心平气和地确信自己还是他的主顾,所以走进他的店铺,把自己的脚伸到那蓝色铁架眼镜底下,那就未免有点儿太不应该了。
B.前两天还暖和如春,昨日就急剧降温,今天又冷了起来,这春寒料峭的天气,真让人不知该怎么穿衣服。
C.食堂用餐要节俭,反对铺张浪费,即使是吃剩的残羹冷炙,也不要随便倒掉。
D.随着栖霞湾小城近年来规模不断壮大,产品线日臻丰富,各种优质生活配套设施正在紧锣密鼓规划、建设中,更多社会精英将会加盟栖霞湾优尚生活小城。
4.下列各句中没有语病的一项是( )
A.短期看,金融危机只对我国某些特定产业的负面影响比较明显,如金融行业、银行、证券公司、基金公司等会遭受一定的冲击,进而影响大学生就业。
B.在人类长期的实践中,对生命和自然的认识逐渐有了本质性的进展,发现自然系统之间的各个元素并非独立,而是彼此环环相扣,人类仅是该复杂系统中一个环节而已。
C.据市房地产开发协会在房交会上的统计,约有85%的被调查者在两年内有买房计划,但如何让这些购房者变成买房行动,是开放商们最头疼的问题。
D.据悉,从上世纪80年代初到现在的近30年里,青岛市政府连续出台一系列鼓励扶持企业争创名牌的政策,使青岛实现了从发展名牌产品到发展品牌经济、创建品牌城市的战略的大转移。
5、唐代诗人赵嘏写了一首《江楼感旧 》:“①独上江楼思渺然,②月光如水水如天。③同来望月人何处?④风景依稀似去年。”请你将诗句重新排序(只写序号),使诗作的结尾更具意境和韵味。(3分)
6、据《南方都市报》7月17日文,"被"字句式近日再次扩容。继"被自杀"、"被自愿"等词汇风行网络之后,最近,"被就业"成为新流行词。有刚毕业的网友发帖称,自己在完全不知情的情况下突然就业了,就业协议书上赫然是一个从没听说过的公司名称和该公司的公章。他"太兴奋了",发帖庆祝自己"被就业","感谢"学校的"包办服务",为"毕业包分配(不含岗位、工资等)"而"庆幸"。而"被"字一词还被很多人移用到更多的领域,炮制出了一大批新词,如"被代表"、"被涨工资"、"被增长"、"被小康"等。请结合这些词汇,解读"被"字的深刻内涵。 (4分)
二、现代文阅读(8+16=24分)
(一)当然,能够只是送出去,也不算坏事情,一者见得丰富,二者见得大度。尼采就自诩过他是太阳,光热无穷,只是给与,不想取得。然而尼采究竟不是太阳,他发了疯。中国也不是,虽然有人说,掘起地下的煤来,就足够全世界几百年之用。但是,几百年之后呢 几百年之后,我们当然是化为魂灵,或上天堂,或落了地狱,但我们的子孙是在的,所以还应该给他们留下一点礼品。要不然,则当佳节大典之际,他们拿不出东西来,只好磕头贺喜,讨一点残羹冷炙做奖赏。
这种奖赏,不要误解为“抛来”的东西,这是“抛给”的,说得冠冕些,可以称之为“送来”,我在这里不想举出实例。
我在这里也并不想对于“送去”再说什么,否则太不“摩登”了。我只想鼓吹我们再吝啬一点,“送去”之外,还得“拿来”,是为“拿来主义”。
7、作者举尼采为例的意义是( )(2分)
A、证明中国和尼采不同,尼采自诩过自己是太阳,光热无穷,而中国不是太阳,不能光热无穷。
B、证明中国的执政者也像尼采一样疯,只是给予,不想取得。
C、证明中国和尼采是相同的,尼采不是太阳,中国也不是太阳。
D、证明只是给予不想取得就会自取灭亡,尼采只给不取,最后灭亡——发疯而死,中国如果只是给予不想取得也会灭亡。
8、文章讲到地下的煤是为了说明               (2分)
9、用“只好磕头贺喜,讨一点残羹冷炙做奖赏”是为了说明    (15字以内)(2分)
10、文中“吝啬”一词是有针对性的,它针对的是(用原文回答)       。(2分)
(二)贫困却不潦倒的风度 (天歌)
张罗同学聚会时,我们这些混得不错的同学很自觉很有风格地把费用划为三等:混得一般的交300;混得不好的,一分钱都不用出;混得好的,聚会缺多少,补多少,兜底。大家图的就是个乐儿,不想让自家兄弟姐妹为几两银子犯难。  
尽管这样,班长还是颇为担心地说:九度能来吗?   
是啊,九度是那样好面子的一个人,这些年,先是在有着大好前途的机关里受了牵连下岗,后是爱人查出了淋巴癌,再后来跟人合伙开饭店,饭店没开起来,借来的钱却全让人卷走了。九度这些事都是在校友录上,同学们辗转相传的。九度也来校友录,留言却总是说些好事:姑娘考了第一名(尽管那只是小学二年级的期中考试);妻子终于不用再去化疗了。还有,他给报社提供的新闻线索被采纳了,人家给了50块钱。
有同学提议大家凑些钱帮帮九度,好歹阶级兄弟一场。却不想班长乘兴而去,败兴而归,他说:那家伙说他还想捐点钱出来给谁呢!人家的日子过得好着呢!  
同学说:你看九度,日子都过成那样了,还是绷着,还装,死要面子活受罪。   
是的,九度上学那会儿就是瘦死不倒架的那种人。按照规定,九度是可以申请贫困贷款的,他却硬撑着不肯,同学中一度流传着他的一句名言:把钱留给更困难的同学吧。并把这句话演变成各种版本:把不及格的机会留给渴望人生完美的同学吧!把失恋的痛苦留给没有痛苦过的漂亮女生吧!  
那年冬天,东北那叫嘎嘎冷,连件旧棉衣都没有的九度走路全靠跑。他说:本来在零度边缘,这一跑,温度“噌”地蹿了九度。其实,九度说的是39度,不过冻得嘴一哆嗦,“30”就吞了下去。这话风行了起来,九度就叫了九度,并以迅雷不及掩耳之势淹没了他的本名。  
聚会那天,九度还真来了。不光来了,还穿得特别利索。一身浅灰色的西装配了一条红格子领带,比好些混得不错的同学收拾得还像成功人士。有同学上去就是一拳,说:你个九度,不装能死啊?咱们哥们儿,谁还笑话你不成?  
九度打着哈哈,跑前跑后张罗着。席间,大家喝酒聊天,牢骚怨气差点就把酒店的天花板顶起来:什么股票太没谱了,说套牢就套牢,十几万转眼就打了水漂儿;什么现在的孩子太难管了,钢琴说白买就白买,那玩意儿放家里死占地方,又不能当写字台使;什么现在的官场简直就没法混,大领导之间都别扭着,听谁的话站谁的队,有学问着呢!九度笑着给大家布菜、倒酒,一哥们儿喝得有点大,硬着舌头说:九度,你说你点背的,啥啥没赶上,要不咋也弄个副局干干。  
我们都拦着那哥们儿不让他哪壶不开提哪壶,如果同学聚会整成富人对穷人的颐指气使就没劲了。没想到九度却端起酒杯,对大家说:“我九度这些年是遇到些事,但是,还好,都扛过来了。我正有个好消息要告诉大家呢,今年我闺女以全市第一名的成绩考上了省重点,学费全免。”我的天!我暗叫一声,给儿子找了4个补习老师,结果连市重点的门都没摸着。  九度说:“我也重新上岗了,电视台聘我当特约记者,咱也混进新闻界了。还有,我爱人从得癌症到今天已经8年了,也就是说,我们每一天都在创造着生命的奇迹……”   
九度一口干掉了杯里的酒,不知为什么,刚才那些牢骚满腹或者臭显摆的哥们儿都有点蔫,咋好像自己的日子过得没九度带劲呢?   
聚会结束时,班长拿出了账单。账单上,九度的名字下面没有写交钱的金额,而是写着一行字:物品搬放、保管,接送……班长说:九度不肯白白占大家的便宜,他没交钱,一定要以别的方式补偿回来。  
还有,他的那身西装是他从前在机关时做的,他的妻子最近很不好……   
看着依旧忙忙碌碌送同学的九度,我说:换了我们,谁可以做到像九度那样贫穷却不潦倒,活得生气勃勃的呢?   
是的,我们眼里要面子的九度,其实要的是一种有尊严的生活方式。贫穷不可怕,可怕的是看不到生活里的温暖,失去了对生活的热情。在这一点上,九度表现得相当有风度。
11.下列对小说的分析和概括,不正确的两项是( )(3分)
A.小说第二段班长的担心,为后文故事情节的发展设置了悬念,激起了读者的阅读兴趣。
B.毕业后的九度生活境遇不佳,却在校友录上只报喜不报忧,并且拒绝大家的帮助,都是因为他死要面子,这为他后来的转变作了铺垫。
C.一句“把钱留给更困难的同学吧”被同学们演绎出了各种版本,这虽然是在开九度的玩笑,但玩笑中却包含着大家对九度“瘦死不倒架”的敬佩。
D.小说通过一波三折的故事情节,表现了人生中,重要的不是生活境遇,而是面对生活的态度这一主题,引发了我们对人生的思考。
E.小说运用插叙的叙述方式,肖像描写、动作描写、语言描写等描写手法,塑造了主人公九度的形象。
12.小说的主人公九度是一个什么样的形象,请结合文章内容分条陈述。(4分)
13.“同学们”在小说中有什么作用,请简要分析。(4分)
14.结尾两段,有人说是画蛇添足,有人说其必不可少,你的观点呢?请结合全文进行探究。回答时先表明观点,然后阐述理由,理由要充分,至少两个角度(5分)

三、文言文阅读 (17+15=32)
(一)初至北营,抗辞慷慨,上下颇惊动,北亦未敢遽轻吾国。不幸吕师孟构恶于前,贾余庆献谄于后,予羁縻不得还,国事遂不可收拾。予自度不得脱,则直前诟虏帅失信,数吕师孟叔侄为逆,但欲求死,不复顾利害。北虽貌敬,实则愤怒,二贵酋名曰“馆伴”,夜则以兵围所寓舍,而予不得归矣。
未几,贾余庆等以祈请使诣北。北驱予并往,而不在使者之目。予分当引决,然而隐忍以行。昔人云:“将以有为也”。
15、解释下列加点字词(4分)
构恶于前 自度不得脱 数吕师孟叔侄为逆 不在使者之目
16、下列加点字的意义与用法相同的一项是( )(3分)
A、夜则以兵围所寓舍 亦以明死生之大 B、钩党之捕遍于天下 句读之不知
C、吾其还也 哀斯墓之徒有其石也 D、若不阙秦,将焉取之 吴之民方痛心焉
17、下列各句中词类活用现象相同的一项是( )(3分)
A、去今之墓而葬焉 若亡郑而有益于君 B、北虽貌敬,实则愤怒 缇骑按剑而前
C、不敢复有株治 晋军函陵 D、人皆得以隶使之 既东封郑
18、从句式的角度看,与其他三句不同的一句是( )(3分)
A、予羁縻不得还 B、以其无礼于晋
C、不能容于远近 D、激于义而死焉者也
19、翻译 (4分)
(1)抗辞慷慨,上下颇惊动,北亦未敢遽轻吾国。
(2)予分当引决,然而隐忍以行。
(二) 南阳县君谢氏墓志铭 (欧阳修)
庆历四年秋,予友宛陵梅圣俞来自吴兴,出其哭内之诗而悲曰:“吾妻谢氏亡矣。”丐我以铭而葬焉。予未暇作。
居一岁中,书七八至,未尝不以谢氏铭为言,且曰:“吾妻故太子宾客谢涛之女、希深之妹也。希深父子为时闻人,而世显荣。谢氏生于盛族,年二十以归吾,凡十七年而卒。卒之夕,殓以嫁时之衣,甚矣吾贫可知也。然谢氏怡然处之,治其家,有常法。其饮食器皿,虽不及丰侈,而必精以旨;其衣无故新,而浣濯缝纫必洁以完;所至官舍虽庳陋,而庭宇洒扫必肃以严;其平居语言容止,必怡以和。吾穷于世久矣,其出而幸与贤士大夫游而乐,入则见吾妻之怡怡而忘其忧,使吾不以富贵贫贱累其心者,抑吾妻之助也。吾尝与士大夫语,谢氏多从户屏窃听之,间则尽能商榷其人才能贤否,及时事之得失,皆有条理。吾官吴兴,或自外醉而归,必问曰:‘今日孰与饮而乐乎?’闻其贤者也则悦;否,则叹曰:‘君所交皆一时贤隽,今与是人饮而欢邪?’是岁南方旱,仰见飞蝗而叹曰:‘今西兵未解,天下重困,盗贼暴起于江淮,而天旱且蝗如此。我为妇人,死而得君葬我,幸矣!’其所以能安居贫而不困者,其性识明而知道理多类此。呜呼!其生也迫吾之贫,而殁也又无以厚焉,谓唯文字可以著其不朽。且其平生尤知文章为可贵;殁而得此,庶几以慰其魂,且塞予悲。此吾所以请铭于子之勤也。”若此,予忍不铭? (选自《欧阳修全集》,有删节)
20.对下列句子中加点字的解释,不正确的一项是(  )
A.年二十以归吾  归:出嫁 B.其平居语言容止 容止:形貌
C.谓唯文字可以著其不朽 著:彰显 D.庶几以慰其魂 庶几:希望
21.下列句子中,全部表现梅圣俞夫妇情深的一组是(  )
①出其哭内之诗而悲 ②其衣无故新,而浣濯缝纫必洁以完
③入则见吾妻之怡怡而忘其忧 ④闻其贤者也则悦
⑤我为妇人,死而得君葬我,幸矣 ⑥且其平生尤知文章为可贵
A.①③⑤ B.②③⑥ C.④⑤⑥ D.①②④
22.下列对原文有关内容分析和概括,不正确的一项是(  )
A.梅圣俞在妻子去世以后,请求好友欧阳修为她写墓志铭,后来在给欧阳修的多封信中,又一再提及此事。
B.谢氏出身名门望族,但安贫乐道,治家有方,并且十分关心丈夫与士大夫的交往,是名副其实的贤内助。
C.谢氏秉性明慧,懂得事理,时不时和梅圣俞探讨来访者才能高下,以及世事得失,都能讲得头头是道。
D.西兵进攻江淮地区,随后又相继发生旱灾、蝗灾,谢氏仰天长叹,忧心忡忡,可见她关注百姓疾苦。
23.把文中画线的句子翻译成现代汉语。(6分)
(1) 殓以嫁时之衣,甚矣吾贫可知也。
(2) 君所交皆一时贤隽,今与是人饮而欢邪?
四、古诗词鉴赏 (7分)
城东早春 (杨巨源)
诗家①清景在新春,绿柳才黄半未匀。
若待上林②花似锦,出门俱是看花人。
【注释】①诗家:诗人。②上林:古代皇家园林。
24、本诗中的“才”和“半”用得好。请结合诗歌 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )内容,说说好在哪里。(2分)
25、这首诗主要运用了什么表现手法?请结合诗歌内容简要说明。(3分)
26、这是一首蕴含着丰富而高雅理趣的写景诗。你觉得这首诗蕴涵怎样的哲理?(2分)
五、古诗文填空 (8分)
27、素不闻诗书之训, 激昂大义, , 。
28、列其姓名于大堤之上 , ,斯固百世之遇也。
29、 ,哀民生之多艰。
30、不然, , ,则尽其天年,人皆得以隶使之。
31、亦余心之所善兮, 。
32、非常之谋难于猝发, ,不可谓非五人之力也。
六、作文(60分)
33、阅读下面的材料,根据要求作文。
讲评课上,老师读了几位同学的作文后疑惑不解地问大家:你们为什么都喜欢说自己是“十六岁的花季”?同学们回答说,因为有同名电视剧,而且现在已经约定俗成了。老师听了这个回答,若有所思地说:“你们为什么没想到自己是一棵树呢?一棵有十六道年轮的树已经很壮实了。”同学们默默不语。
你觉得你们是花还是树呢?请以此为话题写一篇文章。立意自定,除诗歌外文体不限,不少于800字。
高一年级语文试卷答案
选择题(每题3分,共3*10=30分)
题号 1 2 3 4 16 17 18 20 21 22
答案 C C D D A/B D B B A D
1、C (庶几jī,潜在qián; 冠冕guān,羞怯qiè;苗裔yì,自刭jǐng)
2、C (改为赊账、噪而相逐)
3、D (A“心平气和”是指心里平和,不急躁,用在这里不合适,应改为“心安理得”;B“春寒料峭”形容初春的寒冷,根据前文应为“乍暖还寒”。C“残羹冷炙”指吃剩下的饭菜,与“吃剩的”语义重复)
4、D (A 分类标准不一致。“金融行业”是“银行、证券公司、基金公司”等的总称;B主语残缺,应为“人类在长期的实践中”;C搭配不当,“购房者”改为“购房需求”)
20、B。容止:仪容举止(根据《汉语大词典》解释)。“止”即有“居住、止息”意,所以此词不单指“形貌”。
21、A。②表现其妻之贤惠,④表现其妻之贤、明事理,⑥表现其妻把文章看的很重。
22、D。“西兵未解”、“盗贼暴起于江淮”指西部边境战争威胁未能解除、江淮地区盗贼作乱,并非指“西兵进攻江淮地区”。
5、①④③②
6、"被":是对一些人或者组织为了某种目的,完全忽视主体的存在,采用各种欺骗手段掩盖事实真相的行为的讽刺。
  "为了某种目的"1分,"忽视主体"1分,"欺骗和掩盖事实真相"1分,"讽刺"1分,共4分。
二、现代文阅读(8+16=24分)
7、(2分)D
8、(2分)强调无休止地往外送的不可能,引出“送去主义”的严重后果——当亡国奴。
9、(2分)沦为亡国奴的悲愤与可怜 (超出规定字数酌情扣分)
10、(2分):只是给与,不想取得(“吝啬”跟“大方”相反,由此可以找出相照应的原句。“吝啬”本是一个贬义词,这里是贬词褒用,具有强烈的讽刺效果。)
11、(3分)B、D (B“都是因为他死要面子,这为他后来的转变作了铺垫”错,死要面子是有的人的看法,而非九度的实际特征,而九度的生活态度始终未变,所以涉及不到“转变”这一说法。D并非“一波三折”。) 
12、(4分)
九度是一个贫困去不潦倒,屡遭不幸却能以一种热情、坚强乐观的心态,一种有尊严的生活方式,去面对人生的生活强者的形象。(2分)
坚强乐观:他人生多舛,上大学时生活贫困,工作后受牵连下岗,做生意被人欺骗,爱人又患淋巴癌,但他丝毫没有消沉之气,而是坚强面对,勇于承担,并且总能看到生活中的温暖,热情地对待生活。(1分)
自尊自立:拒绝接受贫困贷款,在聚会上拿不出钱却不肯白占大家的便宜,一定要以别的方式补偿回来等。(1分)
13、(4分)
(1)与九度形成对比。写同学们缺乏对待生活热情的错误心态,衬托了九度贫困却不潦倒的风度和坚强乐观的精神,突出了九度这一人物形象。(2分)
(2)揭示主旨,深化主题。“同学们”是社会中大部分人的代表(缩影),在他们的身上反映出了当今社会很多人共有的心态,同学们的生活态度引发了我们对于人生的思考,人生都有顺境逆境,重要的是以一种什么样的心态去面对。(2分)
14、(5分)
观点1分,每一个角度2分,酌情给分。
认为必不可少。 (1)主题角度:小说结尾画龙点睛,使读者对作品主题的认识达到一定的深度。 (2) 情节安排角度:与前文九度的表现和题目相照应。(3)人物形象塑造角度:使人物的形象更加完整。
认为画蛇添足:(1)表达效果角度:如果没有这个结尾,小说会给人更大的思考空间。(2)主题角度:限制了主题的深度和广度。
三、文言文阅读:
15、(4分)构恶于前:挑拨,陷害 自度不得脱:揣度,估量
数吕师孟叔侄为逆:列举罪状 不在使者之目:列,名单
19(1)(我)陈词不屈,意气激昂,元军上下都很惊慌震动,他们也没敢立即轻视我国。(2分)
(2)我理当自杀,然而仍然含垢忍辱地前往。(2分)
23、(1)要点:殓、介宾结构后置、主谓倒装句式。
(3分)用出嫁时的衣服(给她)穿上入棺,我的贫穷超乎寻常,就可以知道了。
(2)要点:君、一时、贤隽
(3分)您所交往的都是当今品德高尚、才能杰出的人,现在竟与这种人喝酒取乐了?
参考译文:
庆历四年的秋天,我的朋友宛陵梅圣俞先生从吴兴来看我,拿出他悼念亡妻的诗作,并悲伤地说:“我的妻子谢氏死了。”请我写一篇墓志铭来安葬她。我当时没有空闲写作。
过了一年,他写了七八封书信来,书信中没有不提到给谢氏写墓志铭的,他并且说:“我的妻子是已故太子宾客谢涛的女儿、希深的妹妹。希深父子当时都是举世闻名的人,家世荣耀。谢氏生于一个富盛的家族,她二十岁嫁给了我,过了十七年就去世了。死后,我用出嫁时的衣服(给她)穿上入棺,我的贫穷超乎寻常,就可以知道了。可是谢氏却能愉快地对待这一切。治理家庭,有她自己的办法,家里的饮食、器皿,虽然说不上丰富,但(饭菜)一定做得精细又有味;我们的衣服不论旧的新的,都一定清洗得干干净净,缝补得整整齐齐;所居住的房舍虽然低矮简陋,但一定把庭院洒水清扫得干净整洁;她平时的日常说话形貌举止,都很和悦从容。我一世贫穷由来已久,外出时有幸能与贤士大夫共游而感到快乐,回家则能见到我妻子的淡静怡然从而忘掉烦忧。让我不因为财富多少、地位高低而焦虑,这是妻子对我的帮助吧。我经常与士大夫交谈,谢氏多从屏风后悄悄听我们谈话,过后,她对某人的才能、品德好坏以及时事的得失都能作出评价,都评说得有条有理。我在吴兴做官,有时从外面喝醉了回来,她一定会问:‘今日和谁饮酒这么快乐呢?’听说是与贤能的人饮酒,就高兴;如果不是,就感叹道:‘您所交往的都是当今品德高尚、才能杰出的人,现在竟与这种人喝酒取乐了?’这一年,南方大旱,她仰头看见飞蝗而感叹说:‘如今西夏的战争威胁还没有解除,天下苍生的赋税很重、生活困难,盗贼又在江淮地区突然出来作乱,而且天又大旱、飞蝗灾害又来。我作为妇人,死了还能有夫君埋葬我,已经算是幸运的了!’她之所以能安然面对贫困的生活而不感到困苦,是因为她见识高明而且懂得道理多才能如此。(此处翻译值得商榷,应该是两个方面,一是安居贫而不困,一是性识明而知道理,对上文的总结。可翻译为:她能安然面对贫困的生活而不感到困苦的情形,她见识高明而且懂得道理,大多像这样。“之所以”可不必译出。)哎!她一生受我贫困所累,而去世后也没有得到厚葬,只有文字可以彰显她的不朽。而且她的平生尤其懂得文章的可贵;死后能得到这样的墓志铭,希望能以此安慰她的灵魂,而且能够弥补我的悲痛。这是我经常向您请求为她写墓志铭的原因啊。”像这种情况,我能忍心不写吗?
四、古诗文鉴赏(7分)
24、突出了“新春”或“早春”特点,把早春之柳的风姿写得生动形象(或者“细腻描绘出柳叶新萌,颜色嫩黄的初春之景”)。 (2分)
25、(3分)
①反衬。用芳春(或晚春)的秾丽景色,来反衬早春的“清景”(或以“喧闹”来反衬“清景”)表达作者对早春清新之景的喜爱之情。
②对比(对照)。“看花人”对“上林花似锦”的追求与“诗家”对“绿柳才黄半未匀”的欣赏形成强烈对比(对照),突出强调二者不同的审美情趣。
③虚实结合(以虚写实、以虚衬实)。一二句是实写,描绘出美丽的初春之景;三四句是想象之景:春色秾艳至极;游人如云,喧嚷若市。三四句的虚写突显(反衬)出作者对早春清新之景的喜爱之情。
答出以上三种表现手法的一种即可。答出手法,得1分,结合具体诗句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网" \t "_blank )进行分析,得2分。其它手法(如借景说理、侧面烘托等),言之成理,亦酌情给分。
26、(2分)答出一点即可得2分。其他言之成理的角度,也可酌情给分。
参考: ①感觉要力求敏锐,要努力发现新的东西。
②不要一味从众,人云亦云,要有自己的独到见解。
③要善于在别人不在意的地方发现生活中的美。……
评分标准:
一类作文:50分以上 (切题;结构清晰;能就事说理议论;语言有文采;卷面整洁)
二类作文:
①45—48分 (切题;结构清晰;有事例,但不会点题;语言有文采;卷面整洁)
②40—44分(切题;结构清晰;有事例,但不会点题;语言一般;卷面整洁)
三类作文:36—39分(切题;结构一般;缺少事例,但能自圆其说;语言一般;卷面整洁)
四类作文:
①30—35分(离题,但结构清晰,语言表达好,书写工整或虽然没有离题,但是语言、结构、书写都差)
②25--29分(离题,但没有完全脱离材料,文中有出现花和树)
五类作文:25分以下(完全跑题,就好象写另外一篇文章的)
另:①只写标题给2分;
②只写开头但点题的,给5--8分;
③虽然有开头结尾,切题,结构也完整,但只写一半字数的,最多给25分高一政治试题
一、选择题:(25×2′=50′)
1.十一届全国人大常委会第十二次会议通过的《中华人民共和国侵权责任法》规定,“因同一侵权行为造成多人死亡的,可以以相同数额确定死亡赔偿金”,从而改变了以往因城乡居民收入差异导致死亡赔偿金计算标准不同的状况,这一法律规定的变化:
A.坚持了国家利益至上的原则 B.实现了公民权利与义务的统一
C.消除了公民的身份差异 D.反映了中国特色社会主义民主政治的进步
2.2011全国人民代表大会开会期间,全体会议公开举行,绝大多数人大代表团分组会议也对外开放,许多代表团还在讨论结束后留出时间接受中外媒体集体采访。人大会议对外开放是:
①国家权力机关对人民负责的体现 ②依法行政建设法治国家的需要
③国家自信和民主政治发展的表现 ④公民直接参与民主决策的要求
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④
3. 某高中生的下列行为中,属于参加政治生活的有:
①帮助居委会管理社区卫生 ②为班级患病同学捐款 ③向消费者协会投诉电脑质量问题 ④在互联网上参与交通管理问题讨论
A. ①② B. ①④ C. ②③ D. ③④
4.2009年,广东全省性社会团体有138个承担政府委托、转移职能326项,有184个获得政府购买服务收入9820万元。国家“十二五”规划纲要提出,坚持培育发展和管理监督并重,推动社会组织健康发展,发挥其提供服务、反映诉求、规范行为的作用。这表明:
①政府职能正逐步减少 ②政府职能正逐步市场化 ③社会组织的发展有利于推动公民有序政治参与 ④社会组织在政府和公民之间的桥梁作用将会加强
A.①② B.②③ C.②④ D.③④
5.微博类似于博客与论坛的综合,用不超过140个字在网络上发布信息、即时互动。微博在汇聚民众智慧的同时,也可能成为谣言散布的途径。公民在微博上:
A.可以直接行使管理国家的权力 B. 可以扩大生活中的政治权利与义务
C.有发布自己掌握的一切信息的自由 D.有表达的自由也需承担表达的责任
6.2011年4月,十一届全国人大常委会将《中华人民共和国个人所得税发修正案(草案)》公布在中国人大网上,广泛征求群众意见。人大常委会实施该举措的根本原因是:
A.我国是人民当家作主的国家 B.群众路线是我们党的根本领导方法
C.宪法规定公民享有监督权 D.政府建立了信息公开制度
7. 某县在人大代表的选举中,组织各选区人大代表候选人与选民见面会,让每位候选人“登台亮相”,发表“竞选演说”,与选民进行近距离的交流。可见,该县人大代表的选举:
①是直接选举和差额选举 ②有助于选民了解候选人,提高选举积极性
③是间接选举和等额选举 ④有利于比较充分考虑当选者结构的合理性
A.①④ B.②③ C.①② D.②④
8. 在我国,实行村民自治和城市居民自治是:
①公民直接行使民主权利的重要形式 ②村民和城市居民自我管理、自我教育的基层政权组织 ③社会主义民主最为广泛而深刻的实践 ④发展社会主义民主的基础性工作
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④
9. 我国法律规定,公安机关对犯罪嫌疑人的拘押讯问时间一般不超过24小时,严禁刑讯逼供。监狱服刑人员在进行必要劳动时,安排适当休息,有劳动安全卫生防护用品,不得侮辱、体罚、打骂服刑人员等。这都表明:
①我国对人权的尊重和珍视 ②任何公民的一切合法权利都受到法律保护
③我国公民政治权利和自由是真实、不受限制的 ④我国坚持公民权利和义务统一
A.①② B.③④ C.①③ D.②④
10.2010年9月1日是我国《法律援助条例》颁布实施7周年。国家实施司法救助制度,就是要让那些合法权益受到侵犯但因经济困难无力负担诉讼费的公民打得起官司,让那些确有冤情但正义难以伸张的公民打得赢官司。这样做( )
A.有利于人民群众监督法律的实施 B.有利于行政机关依法执政
C.有利于实现公民在法律面前一律平等 D.有利于人民法院独立行使审判权
2010年7月7日,经高院核准,重庆司法局原局长文强被执行死刑。据此回答11~12题。
11.文强因犯受贿罪,包庇、纵容黑社会性质组织罪,强奸罪,巨额财产来源不明罪,数罪并罚被判处死刑。这表明( )
①国家具有专政职能 ②坚持人民民主专政是正义的事情 
③民主与专制相辅相成、互为前提 ④专制是民主的前提
A.①③ B.②③④ C.①② D.①②④
12.文强作为国家工作人员,没有认真为人民服务,反而罪行累累,引起了人民的公愤,人民群众多次检举揭发其罪行,最终使其受到了严惩。这体现的政治生活道理有( )
①公民在法律面前一律平等  ②公民依法行使监督权
③公民有维护国家利益的义务  ④公民直接行使管理国家的权力
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①②③④
13、近年来,我国基层民主获得较快发展,某市政府就重大决策和建设规划等问题召开恳谈会,征求群众意见。这是公民通过( )参与民主决策。
A.社会听证制度B.人大代表联系群众制度 C.专家咨询制度 D.社情民意反映制度
14、近年来,我国民主政治建设进程加快,如政务公开、开门立法、村民自治、旁听“两会”等。这些改革有利于( )
①保障公众的知情权 ②是公众可以更好地参与社会管理 ③是公众很好的行使监督权④公民直接行使国家权力
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
15. 仔细观察漫画《放心肉》(见图3)该图。所反映的社会问题存在的原因是:
①部分经营者缺乏市场规则意识 ②部分经营者缺乏良好的形象 ③政府相关职能部门行政执法效能差 ④某些政府部门履行社会公共服务职能不到位
A.①② B.①③ C.②③ D.③④
16. 将下面各项内容分别与经济职能中的相应举措对应,正确的是( )
①湖南省对市场环境进行专项治理的“绿色行动” ②国家统计局公布2011年1月份CPI和PPI两个经济数据 ③长沙市采用科学的方法管理小商小贩,给小商小贩留足生存空间 ④2010年中国人民银行连续6次上调存款类金融机构人民币存款准备金率各0.5个百分点
A.①公共服务 ②经济调节 ③市场监管 ④社会管理
B.①市场监管 ②经济调节 ③社会管理 ④公共服务
C.①公共服务 ②社会管理 ③市场监管 ④经济调节
D.①市场监管 ②公共服务③社会管理 ④经济调节
17.近年来,不少政府官员因安全事故、事件而纷纷遭遇“问责”,有问题的官员引咎辞职或被免职,行政问责制:
①体现了政府坚持对人民负责的原则 ②体现了政府权力与责任的统一
③有利于防止权力的滥用和缺失 ④有利于化解阶级矛盾,保障人民群众的权利和自由
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④
18. 2010年9月20日,针对红眼病疫情高发的态势,浙江省教育部门公布第四号预警,要求各学校严格落实晨检制度。浙江省各地教育部门与当地卫生部门正密切协作,建立信息通报制度,防止疫情在学校、托幼机构的蔓延扩散。疫情信息通报制度有利于:
①保障公民的知情权 ②公民监督政府,实行政务公开 ③减少政府权力和决策的范围
④发展社会主义民主政治
A.①②③ B.①②④ C.①③④ D.②③④
19. 北京市某区政府把所辖区域划分为若干网格,为每个网格配备若个工作人员。构建了一个天上有“云”(云计算中心)、地上有“格”(社会管理网络)、中间有“网”(互联网)的新型社会管理体系,提高了收集、处理相关信息的效率,在为群众排忧解难、化解社会矛盾等方面取得显著成效,这一措举有助于:
①增强政府的科学执政意识 ②增强政府为市民服务的能力
③增加公民的民主权力 ④提高政府的社会管理水平
A. ①② B. ①③ C. ②④ D. ③④
20.近期,“染色馒头”、“瘦弱精火腿肠”等食品安全事件屡有发生,引起社会广泛关注。要有效防范此类现象发生,从漫画《交叉地带》中我们得到的启示是:
A.政府要直接参与食品生产和管理
B.要加强法制建设,提高政府权威
C.政府要清正廉洁,防止行政执法腐败
D.要完善权责一致、分工合理的行政管理体制
21. 据报载,广东等地已开始实行政府财政预算的细化和公开化,增加政府开支的透明度,有人称之为“阳光财政”和“玻璃钱柜”。实施“阳光财政”和“玻璃钱柜”:
①有利于进一步树立政府的良好形象 ②便于政府自觉接受人民监督
③体现了政府职能的转变 ④可以进一步推动政府廉政建设 ⑤有利于实行民主监督
A.①②③ B.③④⑤ C.①②④⑤ D.①②③④
22.国家普惠式养老金的出台,是继取消农业税、农业直补、新型农村合作医疗等一系列惠农政策之后的又一项重大的惠农政策,解决了一系列人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题。这表明我国政府是(  )
①公共权力的所有者 ②公共服务的提供者 ③经济活动的参加者 ④人民利益的执行者
A.①② B.①③ C.②④ D.③④
23.近一段时期以来,公共舆论出现了“被就业”“被增长”“被自愿”等“被”现象。所谓“被增长”,就是说实际没有增长,但在统计数据中却增长了,使我们都被统计数字“幸福”地笼罩着。“被”现象的出现对政府的启示是(  )
A.公民要不断增加政治参与度 B.政府要不断提高行政工作效率
C.政府要树立求真务实的工作作风 D.政府要坚持科学执政、民主执政
24.如图所示,“钓鱼执法”给我们的启示是(  )
①执法部门要依法执政 ②公民要坚持权利与义务的统一
③行政部门要依法行政、合理行政 ④政府要审慎用权,加强执法队伍建设
A.①② B.②④ C.①③ D.③④
25.为了防止权力的滥用,我国已初步建立起全面的行政监督体系,它包括行政系统外部的监督和行政系统内部的监督。下列属于行政系统外部监督的是(  )
①国家权力机关的监督 ②司法机关的监督 ③审计部门的监督 ④监察部门的监督
A.②③④ B.①③④ C.①② D.③④
二、非选择题部分:(50分)
26、2010年12月15日,国务院法制办就《国有土地上房屋征收与补偿条例(第二次公开征求意见稿)》立法进行公开并征求公众意见。公众可以在12月30日前登录“中国政府法制信息网”对该意见稿发表意见、提出建议。
上述材料体现了何种民主决策方式,并简要分析民主决策的现实意义?(14分)
27.2011年1月,《人民日报》以“社会好与坏,居民说了算”为题对天津城市基层民主建设经验进行了介绍:一是综合评价社区居委会及其成员。2010年河西区178个社区居委员会接受了9960名居民代表的民主评议。二是建设社区居民参与评议监督机制,将知情、表达、决策、监督权全部交给居民。尖山街辖区一个大院138户居民家暖气不热,居委会在听取居民意见后,约请各方代表共商解决办法,督促有关单位改造了输热管道,是公开与居民利益密切相关的事情,遇到难题充分与群众协商,和平区尚友里有200多辆车,而车位仅130多个,为解决挣抢车位的问题,居委会邀请个方代表召开恳谈会,听证会、促成了问题的解决。
运用公民政治参与的知识,说明上述经验的政治意义。(16分)
28.近年来,东部地区民营企业出现了“用工荒”,一些企业难以找到所需的农民工。“用工荒”成为社会关注的热点。
就“用工荒”问题,三位同学各抒己见,小张认为,“用工荒”是一个严重的社会经济问题,一定程度上“慌”了企业,企业和政府都应高度重视,小王认为。“用工荒’与劳动力价格太低有关,企业只要大大提高工资,“用工荒”就能迎刃而解,企业也没有什么可“慌”的小周则认为,“用工荒”是市场运行过程中的自然现象,不必大惊小怪,只要让“看不见的手”继续发挥作用,“用工荒”问题自然会得到解决。
结合上述材料,运用思想政治的有关知识回答:面对“用工荒”,政府应如何履行其应有的职能?(20分)
2011/2012学年第二学期嵊泗中学3月份月考
高一(1~3班)政治答卷
一、选择题:(25×2′=50′)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25
二、非选择题部分:(50分)
26、上述材料体现了何种民主决策方式,并简要分析民主决策的现实意义?(14分)
27、运用公民政治参与的知识,说明上述经验的政治意义。(16分)
28、结合上述材料,运用思想政治的有关知识回答:面对“用工荒”,政府应如何履行其应有的职能?(20分)
高一政治参考答案
一、选择题:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
D B B D D A C C A C
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
C A D A B D A B C D
21 22 23 24 25
C C C D C
二、非选择题:高一英语(平行班)
注意:1. 本试卷所有题目的答案全部做在答卷纸上。
2. 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。考试时间为120分钟,满分为130分.
第 I 卷
Ⅰ. 单项填空:(共20 小题,每小题1分,满分20分)
1. I don’t think it is______ festival. It’s _____ celebration of Shakespeare and his extraordinary gifts.
A. a; a B. /; a C. a; the D. the; /
2. The great day he looked forward to _______ at last.
A. coming B. come C. came D. having come
3. Mr. Smith, _____ of the _____ speech, started to read a novel.
A. tiring; boring B. tiring; bored C. tired; bored D. tired; boring
4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, ______ New York is an example.
A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which
5. ----Has your father got up
----Sorry, I’m not sure. He _______ got up. Please go and see yourself.
A. must have B. can’t have C. would have D. might have
6. Can you believe that he ____________ marry such a girl much older than him
A. should B. would C. can D. must
7. According to my grandma, it is a good idea to eat chicken soup when you have a cold. _______, scientists agree with her.
A. Believe it or not B. Sooner or later C. To be honest D. Once in a while
8. I apologized ______ him ______ not coming to attend the meeting on time.
A. for; for B. to; for C. of; for D. to; about
9. We don't know the reason why they have ___________ with each other.
A. broken down B. broken up C. broken through D. broken off
10. She spent a happy afternoon_________ her coins and stamps.
A. making out B. finding out C. sorting out D. turning out
11. The audience ____________ to see who would win the gold medal.
A. took a deep breath B. held their breath C. lost their breath D. was out of breath
12. —Your mother becomes more and more forgetful.
—Yes. She searched for her cellphone for a whole day last Sunday but it _____in her coat pocket the next day.
A. turned up B. turned on C. turned over D. turned out
13. -- Would you like some more chicken
-- No, thanks. I am ____ a diet and try to lose_____ weight.
A. on; my B. on; / C. on; the D. in; a
14. When we were young, every evening my brother and I ______ stay at home waiting for our mother.
A. could B. might C. should D. would
15. If you cheat in the exam, you’ll never ____________ it.
A. keep up with B. get away with C. get down to D. look forward to
16. We _____ the old scientist______ his contribution____ the country.
A. respect; on; at B. admire; at; to C. respect; on; for D. admire; for; to
17. In order to ____________ the heart of his former sweetheart, the young man gave up smoking and alcohol, worked extra hard but all his efforts ____________ waste.
A. win back; went to B. get back; came to C. bring back; began to D. take back; left to
18. Though we are not walking slowly, I still think that it won’t be _________ he ________ up with us.
A. long before; catches B. before long; catches C. for long; caught D. long until; will catch
19. —Did you enjoy yourself at the party
—Yes , I’ve never been to _______ one before.
A. a more excited B. the most excited C. a more exciting D. the most exciting
20. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors,_______ are beyond our control.
A. most of them B. most of which C. most of what D. most of that
Ⅱ. 完型填空 (共20小题,每小题1分,满分20分)
阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出最佳选项。
The school was across the street from our home and I would often watch the kids as they played during the break. She seemed so small as she pushed her way 21 the crowd of boys on the playground . She 22 from them all.
  I began to notice her at other times, basketball in hand, playing 23 . She would practice dribbling(运球) and shooting over and over again, sometimes until 24 . One day I asked her 25 she practiced so much. She looked 26 in my eyes and without a moment of hesitation she said, “I want to go to college. The only way I can 27 is that if I get a scholarship(奖学金), I am going to play college basketball. I want to be 28 . My Daddy told me if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.” Well, I had to give it in to her ----she was 29 . One day in her senior year, I saw her sitting in the grass, head 30 in her arms. I walked toward her and quietly asked what was 31 . “Oh, nothing,” came a soft reply. “I’m just too short.” The coach told her that at her height she would probably 32 get to play for a top ranked team, 33 offered a scholarship. So she 34 stop dreaming about college. She was 35 and I sensed her disappointment. I asked her if she had talked to her dad about it yet. She told me that her father said those coaches were wrong. They just didn’t 36 the power of a dream. He told her that 37 she really wanted to play for a good college, if she truly wanted a scholarship, 38 could stop her except one thing---- her own attitude. He told her again, “ if the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.”
The next year, as she and her team went to the Northern California Championship game, she was seen by a college recruiter(招聘人员). She was indeed offered a 39 . She was going to get the college education that she had 40 and worked toward for all those years.
It’s true: If the dream is big enough, the facts don’t count.
21. A. through B. across C. over D. into
22. A. brought out B. found out C. stood out D. worked out
23. A. only B. lonely C. simply D. alone
24. A. dark B. dawn C. midnight D. daybreak
25. A. how B. when C. why D. what
26. A. worriedly B. shyly C. quietly D. directly
27. A. go B. get C. enter D. attend
28. A. worse B. better C. the best D. the worst
29. A. determined B. encouraged C. fixed D. interested
30. A. covered B. closed C. dropped D. buried
31. A. the affair B. the wrong C. matter D. the matter
32. A. ever B. even C. once D. never
33. A. far more B. much less C. much fewer D. many more
34. A. should B. must C. can D. may
35. A. overjoyed B. moved C. concerned D. heartbroken
36. A. understand B. experience C. learn D. believe
37. A. why B. whether C. if D. unless
38. A. anything B. nothing C. something D. everything
39. A. prize B. medal C. scholarship D. position
40. A. dreamed of B. accepted C. thought of D. appreciated
Ⅲ. 阅读理解(共25小题,满分50 分)
第一节:阅读下面文章, 完成各个小题。(共20小题,每小题2分,满分40 分)
A
Is there anything more important than health I don’t think so. “Health is the greatest wealth.” wise people say. You can’t be good at your studies or work well when you are ill. If you have a headache, toothache, backache, earache or bad pain in the stomach, if you complain of a bad cough, if you run a high temperature and have a bad cold, or if you suffer from high or low blood pressure, I think you should go to the doctor. The doctor will examine your throat, feel your pulse, test your blood pressure, take your temperature, sound your heart and lungs, test your eyes, check your teeth or have your chest X-rayed. After that he will advise some treatment, or some medicine. The only thing you have to do is to follow his advice.
Speaking about doctor’s advice, I can’t help telling you a funny story. An old gentleman came to see the doctor. The man was very ill. He told the doctor about his weakness, memory loss and serious problems with his heart and lungs. The doctor examined him and said there was no medicine for his disease. He told his patient to go to a quiet place for a month and have a good rest. He also advised him to eat a lot of meat, drink two glasses of red wine every day and take long walks. In other words, the doctor advised him to follow the rule: “Eat with pleasure, drink with pleasure and enjoy life as it is.” The doctor also said that if the man wanted to be well again, he shouldn’t smoke more than one cigarette a day. A month later the gentleman came into the doctor’s office. He looked cheerful and happy. He thanked the doctor and said that he had never felt a healthier man.“ But you know, doctor,” he said, “it’s not easy to begin smoking at my age.”
41. The writer thinks that_____.
A. health is more important than wealth B. work is as important as studies
C. medicine is more important than pleasure D. nothing is more important than money
42. The doctor usually tells his patient what to do______.
A. without examining the patient B. after he has examined the patient
C. if the patient doesn’t take medicine D. unless the patient feels pain
43. The underlined part means “______”.
A. he was feeling better than ever B. he wasn’t a healthy man
C. he was feeling worse than before D. he will be well again
44. From the last sentence of the passage, we learn the man_______ before the doctor told him not to smoke more than one cigarette a day.
A. was a heavy smoker B. didn’t smoke so much
C. didn’t smoke D. began to learn to smoke
B
Boxing Day is on December 26th, the day after Christmas, and is celebrated in Great Britain and in most areas settled by the British except for the United States of America, including Canada, Australia, and New Zealand.
Despite its name, Boxing Day has nothing to do with competition sports. While the exact origins of the holiday are unclear, it is likely that Boxing Day began in England during the Middle Ages. Some historians say the holiday developed because servants(仆人)were asked to work in Christmas Day, but took the following day off. As servants prepared to leave to visit their families, their employers(雇主)would present them with gift boxes. Another theory is that the Alms boxes in churches were opened and the money was given to the poor on December 26th. Still some believe, centuries ago, on the day after Christmas, members of the merchant(商人)class would give boxes containing food and fruit, clothing, and money to businessmen and servants. The gifts were an expression of thankfulness, much like today when people receive bonuses(奖金)from their employers because of a well-done job. These gifts, given in boxes, gave the holiday its name, “Boxing Day”.
Traditionally, Boxing Day is a day when families get together. It is a day of watching sports games with family. In the past, hunting was one of the favorite activities on this day. People usually went hunting for wrens or foxes. Today, Boxing Day is spent with family and friends with lots of food and sharing of friendship and love. Government buildings and small businesses are closed but the malls are open. Shopping is a popular Boxing Day activity, and the malls are usually filled with bargains. Besides these activities, many businesses, organizations, and families try to keep the traditional spirit of Boxing Day alive by donating their time, services, and money to aid Food Banks, providing gifts for the poor, or helping an individual family that is in need. Boxing Day has mainly become an extension of the Christmas holiday, giving working families one more day at the happy time of a year.
45. On Boxing Day servants probably ________.
A. took part in competition sports B. still had to work for employers
C. were allowed to visit their families D. were given Alms boxes by employers
46. Members of the merchant class gave gift boxes to businessmen and servants to ____.
A. show care and kindness to them B. thank them for doing a good job
C. provide them with enough money D. pass on the traditional love and spirit
47. What does the third paragraph mainly discuss
A. The beginning of Boxing Day B. The hunting on Boxing Day
C. The good spirit of Boxing Day D. The activities on Boxing Day.
48. Why is shopping popular on Boxing Day
A. Because it is a kind of traditional activity.
B. Because only malls are open on that day.
C. Because things can be bought at a low price.
D. Because people buy things to donate to the poor.
C
Perhaps the most famous theory, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistell. He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks--we are not born with them.
A baby has generally informed face features(面部特征). A baby, according to Birdwhistell, learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around--family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some areas of the United States look so much alike.
New Englanders or Southerners have certain common face features that cannot be explained by genetics(遗传学). The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after new teeth are set. For many, this can be well into grown-ups. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look alike. We learn our looks from those around us.
This is perhaps why in a single country area where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western part of New York State still less. Many southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia. People in Atlanta, Georgia. People in largely populated areas also smile and greet each other in public less than people in small towns do.
49. Ray Birdwhistell believes that physical appearance _______.
 A. have been programmed B. has much to do with culture
 C. is ever changing over time D. is different from place to place
50. According to the passage, the final mouth shape is formed _______.
 A. before one set his eyebrows B. when one’s teeth are newly set
 C. sometime after new teeth are set D. around 15 years old---to be grown-ups
51. Ray Birdwhistell can tell what area of the United States a person is from by _______.
 A. how much he or she laughs B. the shape of his mouth
 C. what he or she likes best D. the way he or she talks
52. This passage might have been taken out of a book dealing with ________.
 A. physics B. Geography C. biology D. none of the above
D
Pretoria.South Africa-Hundreds 0f swimmers Play in the water along a South African beach.Suddenly a huge shark appears offshore and heads for the bathers.Before it can get close to the swimmers,the shark,for some mysterious reason,starts swimming parallel to the beach.Then it turns away from shore and heads out to sea,leaving the swimmers untouched.
  Such a scene will soon become common along shark infested(鲨鱼出没)shores.An electrical engineer from the University of Pretoria has developed an electrical system that repels(击退)sharks by controlling their movements.Confused by this action,the sharks end up turning away from the beach.
  In this unusual shark repellent method,an insulated(绝缘)cable is buried on the bottom of the sea around a beach from which people swim.When an electric current is sent though the cable,an electric field is produced in the water above the cable.
  When the shark swims into the electric field,nerve cells just below the shark's skin detect the field.The electricity produces a reflex(反射)action in the shark's muscles,causing the dangerous animal with sharp teeth to swim parallel to the cable.Contused by increasing loss of control of its muscles,the shark suddenly changes its direction and heads seaward,away from the electric field.
  In a test of the invisible new shark-repellent system,a cable was placed around a beach in St.Lucia an island in the tropics.A protective net,which had been installed around the beach a long time ago to keep sharks from swimmers,was left in place during the experiment.
  When the electric field was 1eft on for more than a year and a half,no sharks were found in the nets.However, when the power was turned off,89 sharks ended up in the nets.
  Using the electric wall method instead of nets to protect bathers would avoid the needless death of many sharks,say biologists.Currently,thousands of sharks die each year when they become trapped in protective nets that surround holiday resorts in Africa and Australia.About 10 to 15 humans are killed by sharks annually.
53.In the first passage,why doesn't the shark attack the swimmers?
  A.Because they are many swimmers in the water.
  B.Because the shark doesn't want to eat the swimmers。
  C.Because of some mysterious reason from the God.
  D.Because there is an invisible electric field confusing the shark.
54.An electrical engineer from the University of Pretoria has developed .
  A.A protective net B.A new shark-repellent system
  C.The electric field D.An insulated cable
55.An electric field is produced in the water above the cable .
  A.only when the shark swims into the electric field
  B.only when an insulated cable is buried on the bottom of the sea around a beach from which people
   swim
  C.only when an electric current is sent though the cable
  D.only when the sharks are trapped in protective nets
56.Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage
  A.Protective nets had been installed around the beach earlier than the new shark repellent system.
  B.This new kind of shark repellent system wilt take the place of the protective nets.
  C.Thousands of sharks die and about 10 to 15 humans are killed by sharks each year in Africa
and Australia since this new system was put into use.
  D.Using the electric wall method instead of nets to protect bathers would avoid the needless death
of many sharks.
E
It was New Year’s Night. An aged man was standing at a window. He raised his mournful eyes towards the deep blue sky, where the stars were floating like white lilies on the surface of a clear calm lake. Then he cast them on the earth, where few more hopeless people than himself now moved towards their certain goal --- the tomb. He had already passed sixty of the stages leading to it, and he had brought from his journey nothing but errors and remorse. Now his health was poor, his mind vacant, his heart sorrowful, and his old age short of comforts.
The days of his youth appeared like dreams before him, and he recalled the serious moment when his father placed him at the entrance of the two roads --- one leading to a peaceful, sunny place, covered with flowers, fruits and filled with soft, sweet songs; the other leading to a deep, dark cave, which was endless, where poison flowed instead of water and where devils and poisonous snakes hissed and crawled.
He looked towards the sky and cried painfully, “O youth, return! O my father, place me once more at the entrance to life, and I’ll choose the better way!” But both his father and the days of his youth had passed away.
He saw the lights flowing away in the darkness. These were the days of his wasted life; he saw a star fall down from the sky and disappeared, and this was the symbol of himself. His regret, which was like a sharp arrow, struck deeply into his heart. Then he remembered his friends in his childhood, who entered on life together with him. But they had made their way to success and were now honored and happy on this New Year’s Night.
The clock in the high church tower struck and the sound made him remember his parents’ early love for him. They had taught him and prayed to God for his good. But he chose the wrong way. With shame and grief he dared no longer look towards that heaven where his father lived. His darkened eyes were full of tears, and with a despairing effort, he burst out a cry: “Come back, my early days! Come back!”
And his youth did return, for all this was only a dream which he had on New Year’s Night. He was still young though his faults were real; he had not yet entered the deep, dark cave, and he was still free to walk on the road which leads to the peaceful and sunny land.
Those who still wander on the entrance of life, hesitating to choose the bright road, remember that when years are passed and your feet stumble on the dark mountains, you will cry bitterly, but in vain: “O youth, return! Oh give me back my early days!”
57. We can learn from the passage that ____.
A. the man returned from a long journey and regretted what he had done
B. the man didn’t enter the deep, dark cave when he was young
C. the man was deserted by his parents when he was only a child
D. the man found it no use crying over the spilt milk
58. Why does the author set his story on New Year’s Night
A. He wants to tell people it’s time to recall the past
B. he suggests the aged man will have a bright future
C. He tries to stress the man’s sad feeling
D. He expects people to share the man’s emotion
59. The aged man in the passage can be described as ________.
A. sorrowful, fearful and regretful B. hopeful, cheerful and peaceful
C. regretful, painful and disappointed D. disappointed, regretful and hopeful
60. The author writes the passage mainly to ________.
A. encourage young people to take the right road B. help the old man to pick up his confidence
C. describe the old man’s unsuccessful experience D. show his compassion for the aged man
第二节:(共5小题,每小题2 分,满分10 分)
下面是部分旅游线路介绍及想出游人的兴趣特点介绍,现根据他们各自的信息,从A-F6则内容中找出适合他们的最佳选项,其中有一项是多余的。
61. 8 days mountaineering trip--climb Yunnan's third highest peak, the Haba snow mountain. This is ideal for the truly adventurous. You need to be fit and healthy.
62. 8 days cycling tour from Qiaotou Town--visit the spectacular Tiger Leaping Gorge. It is a leisurely tour suitable for anyone who is reasonably fit and healthy. No previous cycling experience is necessary and all our routes are on flat land!
63. 8 days river rafting--white water adventure on the Yangtze from the old town of Lijiang. This adults-only tour is exclusively for good swimmers and physically fit.
64. 10 days rainforest trek(乘牛车旅行)--spend 5 days in the forest and meet the local people. This is a walking tour and no previous experience is needed, just a curious mind and an interest in traditional cultures.
65. 10 days horse trekking tour--visit authentic Tibetan villages of Shangri-la. The ultimate horse-riding experience in a spectacular mountain environment. This trip is for confirmed riders only. Don't expect three-star hotels on this trip.
A. An 18-year-old student who is interested in traditional lifestyles but only has a week to spare.
B. A family of four, including parents, a sixteen-year-old son and a thirteen-year-old daughter, who are looking for a fun holiday. All four are good riders and strong swimmers.
C. A retired couple who are reasonably fit and who want to find out more about ethnic minorities'(少数民族) cultures.
D. A group of four young adults who are into all extreme sports and are looking for something with plenty of excitement. They are more interested in the scenery than in the life of tile locals.
E. A family of five including a ten-year-old girl. They have many different interests and they are looking for a relaxing holiday.
F. A honeymoon couple who want the holiday of a lifetime. They are both sporty types and love water sports.
第II 卷
Ⅳ.单词拼写(共10 小题,每小题1 分,满分10 分)
The young doctor will p_________ the heart operation for a patient next Monday.
The man seemed f_____________, but I could not remember where I met him.
Nobody knows exactly the_________(起源) of the earth.
It is healthier to keep a b___________ diet every day.
The story of his miseries is beyond my ___________(信任).
On my a_________ at the hotel, he gave me a sweet kiss.
This restaurant was not giving its__________(顾客) energy-giving food.
The winner was_______(授予) a gold medal.
These notes will r_________ you how to present your ideas.
The c___________ boy asked many questions when visiting the Science Museum.
Ⅴ.短文改错(共10 小题,每小题1 分,满分10 分)
文中共有10处语言错误,要求你在错误的地方增加,删除或修改某个单词。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Today is Sunday . I’ve been in Canada for two months . This is the first time that I’ve been away my family for such a long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I’ve soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family. We’re both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, we are planning to have a small party the next Sunday. There, Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times. I just can’t wait.
Ⅵ. 书面表达(满分20分)
4月23日是“世界读书日”(World Reading Day),假如你是班长Tom,请你起草一份倡仪书,号召全班同学以实际行动迎接“世界读书日”的到来,为创建“书香校园”,多读书、读好书,养成读书的好习惯。
倡仪书应包括以下内容:
1.“世界读书日”是全球性的节日; 2.列举一些阅读的好处;
3.简单介绍一些好书及营造读书氛围的方法,如Book Club、Book Corner等;
4.建议每位同学每学期至少读1—2本好书。
Boys and girls,
_____________________________________________________________________________________
2011/2012学年第二学期嵊泗中学第一次月考
高一(平行班)英语答卷
第 I 卷
第一部分 单项选择(共20题,每小题1分,满分20分)
1. [A] [B] [C] [D] 2. [A] [B] [C] [D] 3. [A] [B] [C] [D] 4. [A] [B] [C] [D] 5. [A] [B] [C] [D]
6. [A] [B] [C] [D] 7. [A] [B] [C] [D] 8. [A] [B] [C] [D] 9. [A] [B] [C] [D] 10. [A] [B] [C] [D]
11. [A] [B] [C] [D] 12. [A] [B] [C] [D] 13. [A] [B] [C] [D] 14. [A] [B] [C] [D] 15. [A] [B] [C] [D]
16. [A] [B] [C] [D] 17. [A] [B] [C] [D] 18. [A] [B] [C] [D] 19. [A] [B] [C] [D] 20. [A] [B] [C] [D]
第二部分 完形填空(共20题,每小题1分,满分20分)
21. [A] [B] [C] [D] 22. [A] [B] [C] [D] 23. [A] [B] [C] [D] 24. [A] [B] [C] [D] 25. [A] [B] [C] [D]
26. [A] [B] [C] [D] 27. [A] [B] [C] [D] 28. [A] [B] [C] [D] 29. [A] [B] [C] [D] 30. [A] [B] [C] [D]
31. [A] [B] [C] [D] 32. [A] [B] [C] [D] 33. [A] [B] [C] [D] 34. [A] [B] [C] [D] 35. [A] [B] [C] [D]
36. [A] [B] [C] [D] 37. [A] [B] [C] [D] 38. [A] [B] [C] [D] 39. [A] [B] [C] [D] 40. [A] [B] [C] [D]
第三部分 阅读理解(满分50分)
41. [A] [B] [C] [D] 42. [A] [B] [C] [D] 43. [A] [B] [C] [D] 44. [A] [B] [C] [D] 45. [A] [B] [C] [D]
46. [A] [B] [C] [D] 47. [A] [B] [C] [D] 48. [A] [B] [C] [D] 49. [A] [B] [C] [D] 50. [A] [B] [C] [D]
51. [A] [B] [C] [D] 52. [A] [B] [C] [D] 53. [A] [B] [C] [D] 54. [A] [B] [C] [D] 55. [A] [B] [C] [D]
56. [A] [B] [C] [D] 57. [A] [B] [C] [D] 58. [A] [B] [C] [D] 59. [A] [B] [C] [D] 60. [A] [B] [C] [D]
61. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] 62. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] 63. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F]
64. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F] 65. [A] [B] [C] [D] [E] [F]
第II 卷
第四部分 写作:(共三节,满分40分)
第一节 单词拼写:(写出完整单词。共10小题;每小题1分,共满分10分)
1. ___________2. ____________3. ___________ 4. ___________ 5. ____________
6. ____________7. ____________8. ____________9. __________ 10. ____________
第二节:短文改错(共10题,满分10分)
Today is Sunday . I’ve been in Canada for two months . This is the first time that I’ve been away my family for such a long time. With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, I’ve soon got used to live without my parents around. Katia, like many other Russian girls, are nice and lively. We became friends shortly after we meet each other. Although her English is a little hardly to understand, we enjoy chatting and we usually talk a lot about our own family. We’re both surprised that Chinese culture or Russian culture are so different. Now, we are planning to have a small party the next Sunday. There, Katia will introduce me to some of her friends, one of who has been to China several times. I just can’t wait.
第三节:书面表达(满分20分)
4月23日是“世界读书日”(World Reading Day),假如你是班长Tom,请你起草一份倡仪书,号召全班同学以实际行动迎接“世界读书日”的到来,为创建“书香校园”,多读书、读好书,养成读书的好习惯。
倡仪书应包括以下内容:
1.“世界读书日”是全球性的节日;(a global festival)
2.列举一些阅读的好处;( change the way of thinking, enrich…, open…)
3.简单介绍一些好书及营造读书氛围的方法,如Book Club、Book Corner等;
4.建议每位同学每学期至少读1—2本好书。
Boys and girls,
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________ 高一历史试题
本试卷分第I卷(选择题)和第II卷(非选择题)两部分,考试时间60分钟,满分100分。
第I卷
一、选择题(本大题有25个选择题,每题2分,共50分。每题所列的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求。)
1.七月初七是中国传统的“乞巧节”(学习纺织工艺的节日)。它起源于我国古代“牛郎与织女”的美丽传说。导致这一节日形成的根本原因是( )
A.古代人民对美好爱情的向往 B.人们对神话传说的钟爱
C.自然经济长期占据主导地位 D.人们对牛郎与织女遭遇的同情
2.下图呈现的是我国古代各个时期不同行业的生产工具,其中属于冶金技术的是( )
A.牛耕 B.花楼机(花机) C.翻车 D.水排
3.《史记·货殖列传》记载“(江南)地广人稀,饭稻羹鱼,或火耕而水耨……不待贾而足……无冻饿之人,亦无千金之家。”说明汉代江南的经济状况是( )
①人烟稀少 ②耕作技术落后 ③商品交换不发达 ④贫富分化的程度高
A.①②③④ B.①②③ C.①② D.③④
4.司马迁引《周书》的话说:“农不出则乏其食,工不出则乏其事,商不出则三宝绝,虞不出则财匮少,财匮少而山泽不辟矣。”以上材料表明司马迁的经济主张是( )
A.肯定人们的求利活动 B.对农工商业一视同仁 C.以农为本 D.重农抑商
5.假如你是一位宋代商人,在经商中可能遇到的情况是( )
A.贩卖粉彩瓷器 B.到会馆停宿
C.在开封城中见到整齐划一的东、西二市 D.在四川地区使用纸币
6.据资料统计:在明后期至清前期200余年间,世界白银产量的一半流入中国,拥有一流城市和最为密集、完善的市场网络的中国,成为当时世界经济和贸易的中心区域。然而当时它却没有形成强大的扫荡旧经济基础的革命性变化。其中内在的原因在于( )
A.“重农抑商”和“闭关锁国”政策的压制
B.大河流域的农耕文明不适于工商业发展
C.由于鸦片大量流入导致白银的大量外流
D.英国工业革命后对中国进行的商品输出
7.明万历年间“镇(景德镇)上佣工,皆聚四方无籍游徒,每日不下数万人”。这一记载包含的历史信息主要有 ①流动人口众多 ②制瓷业发达 ③官营手工业占主导地位 ④出现资本主义萌芽( )
A.①② B.②③ C.②③④ D.①②④
8.清代陶煦的《租核 推原》记载:“金宝庐舍,转瞬灰烬,惟有田者,岿然而独无恙。故上自绅富,下至委巷工贾胥吏之俦,赢十百金,即莫不志在良田。”以上现象对中国历史发展产生的最大影响是 ( )
A.有利于社会经济的发展 B.阻碍了中国资本主义萌芽的发展
C.有利于巩固统治 D.有利于农业生产的发展
9.1845年,福州官员奏称“民间之买洋布、洋棉者,十室而九”。因此,“江浙之棉布、不复畅销”,“民产之土布土棉……不能出口”。造成这种现象的原因不包括 ( )
A.洋布、洋棉美观耐用,价格便宜 B.外国人可以在中国各地自由经商
C.中国手工业纺织无法与外国的机器纺织抗衡D.中国关税低有利于外国商品倾销
10.曼彻斯特的工厂主曾浪漫地想着:“如果每个中国人的衬衣下摆长一英寸,我们的工厂得忙上数十年!”然而鸦片战争10年后一个叫米契尔的英国人在中国看到的却是这样的情形:“在收获完毕后,农家所有的人手不分老少,都一起去梳棉、纺纱和织布。这个国家9/l0的人都穿这种手织的衣料,其质地各不相同,从最粗的粗棉布到最细的本色布都有。生产者所用的成本简直只有原料的价值。”上述材料反映了①英国商人想用经济手段打开中国大门 ②传统的小农经济对工业品的顽强抵抗 ③英国商人很难通过正常的贸易打开中国的市场 ④英国由此展开了罪恶的鸦片贸易 ( )
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
11.民国之初,跪拜、作揖等被鞠躬、握手取代,“大人”、“老爷”等被“先生”、“君”取代,造成这种礼仪变化的历史背景包括 ①西方生活习俗的影响 ②教育制度的改革 ③五四运动的洗礼 ④民国政府的大力提倡 ( )
A.①④ B.②③ C.③④ D.①②
12.某中学历史老师在课堂上要求学生就19世纪末李鸿章出访俄国这一历史事件进行探讨。学生发言中出现的下列言论与历史事实较为接近的是 ( )
A.《民报》抢先透露了李鸿章此次的出行计划
B.清政府为李鸿章专门包租俄国远东航空公司的一架客机
C.李鸿章乘火车游历了俄罗斯的主要城市
D.李鸿章参观了纪念十月革命胜利的“阿芙乐尔”号巡洋舰
13.1898年,袁世凯为慈禧贺寿,进贡一辆奔驰轿车。不料,太后仅坐一次便弃之不用了。原来,汽车解决不了“尊卑”问题,司机不跪且坐,还坐在慈禧的前面!这一事例说明的主要问题是 ( )
A.慈禧生活俭朴B.中国不需要汽车C.中国汽车依赖进口D.封建观念阻碍近代化
14.田纪云在《回顾中国农村改革历程》中引用了农民说的一句话:“刚分到的土地屁股还没坐热呢,又被收走了……不仅把土改时分来的土地收归公了,把我们自己原有的土地也充公了,牲畜和农具也都统统归公了。”这段话反映了 ( )
A.农民不支持土地改革
B.人民公社化运动遇到了很大的阻力
C.社会主义改造过程中出现要求过急、工作过粗的现象
D.农民对家庭联产承包责任制的不满
15.下列哪座城市与以下的描述最吻合 ( )
①近代第一批被迫开放的通商口岸 ②出现最早一批民族企业 ③20世纪90年代成为进一步改革开放的重要标志 ④一个新型区域合作组织冠上了它的名字
A.上海 B.广州 C.南京 D.厦门
16.“它扩展了人类活动的范围,海洋在人类文明中的地位迅速上升,世界的人种地理分布、宗教与文化格局开始发生重大变化。”这则材料所反映的史实是 ( )
A.丝绸之路开通 B.郑和下西洋 C.新航路的开辟 D.第一次工业革命
17.2008年当西方庆祝“哥伦布日”时,委内瑞拉总统查韦斯却呼吁取消这个节日。他说,哥伦布,是人类历史上最大的侵略与种族灭绝的先锋。对此理解不正确的是
A、殖民活动给美洲带来灾难 B、加强了世界联系
C、扩展了工业文明 D、冲击了美洲的传统社会
18.单皮尔在《科学史及其与哲学和宗教的关系》中说:“科学过去是躲在经验技术的隐蔽角落里辛勤工作的,当它走到前面传递而且高举火炬的时候,科学时代可以说已经开始了。”这里所说的“科学时代”是指 ( )
A.文艺复兴 B.新航路的开辟 C.第一次工业革命 D.第二次工业革命
19.司马迁在《史记·货殖列传》序中提出了“故善者因之(顺其自然), 其次利导之(因势利导),其次教诲之,其次整齐之,最下者与其争”。下列经济思想或政策,与司马迁观点最相似的是 ( )
A.自由主义 B.垄断 C.罗斯福新政 D.计划经济
20.某欧美剧作家在他的一部最新电影剧本中描写了19世纪中期的伦敦,你认为需要修改的一项是
A.英国有钱人以坐汽船游览伦敦的泰晤士河为时尚
B.岸边工厂一家接着一家,巨大的烟囱冒着浓烟
C.不时有一列列火车呼啸而过
D.汤姆打电话约玛丽周末到工厂观看大机器生产
21.诺贝尔奖获得者道格拉斯·诺斯写道:“假设一位古希腊人能被奇迹般地送到1750年的英国他或她会发现许多熟悉的事物。不过,如果希腊人再晚两个世纪被送来,就会发现,自己宛如置身于一个“幻想的”世界,什么都不认识,甚至什么都不理解。”作者提出后一种假设的主要历史依据是 ( )
A.人口爆炸性增长 B.工业社会形成与发展
C.经济全球化进程加速 D.各国间交往密切
22.美国历史学家斯塔夫里阿诺斯指出:“正如整个世界感受史蒂芬孙的机车、富尔顿的汽船和加特林的机枪的影响一样,它也感受到《独立宣言》、《人权和公民权宣言》和《共产党宣言》的影响,斯塔夫里阿诺斯在这里说明的是 ( )
A.世界各地的横向联系进一步加强 B.工业革命对历史发展有重大影响
C.美国革命和法国大革命影响深远 D.科技革命对社会的影响越来越大
23.我国建设中国特色社会主义的新道路正式开始的标志是 ( )
A.粉碎“四人帮” B.十一届三中全会召开 C.建立经济特区 D.邓小平南方谈话
24.上个世纪20年代开始,列宁在苏维埃俄国提出“新经济政策”,毛泽东在中国提出农民问题,并开创“农村包围城市,最后夺取城市”的道路;30年代罗斯福在美国推行“新政”;90年代邓小平在中国提出“社会主义也有市场”,倡导建立社会主义市场经济。所有这些反映的本质问题是
A.社会主义制度和资本主义制度没有优劣之分 B.这些历史巨人善于化腐朽为神奇
C.实事求是这一人类智慧的意义是世界性的 D.社会主义和资本主义要相互学习借鉴
25.在江苏省常熟白茆乡,时人传唱着一首山歌:“小农经济独木桥,合作社是康庄道,人民公社办起来,天堂哪有人间好!”此首山歌 ( )
A.最早传唱于上个世纪60年代 B.富有地域特色
C.表明集体化完全是农民自觉、自发的行为 D.反映了农村生产资料所有制的变化
第II卷
二、非选择题(本大题有3小题,其中26题16分,27题18分,28题16分,共50分。)
26.(16分)粮食问题引发全球广泛关注,我国高度重视粮食安全。阅读以下材料,回答问题。
材料一 西周时,耒、耜是主要农具,“一人跖(踏)耒而耕,不过十亩”。战国时,李悝说:“今一夫挟五口,治田百亩,岁收亩一石半,为粟百五十石。”
材料二 18至19世纪英国议会通过4763件圈地法案,共圈地269万公顷。1790年前后英国开始使用打谷机,以后使用许多新的农业技术和农业机械。粮食总产量1700年为3.175百万夸特,1845年为18.665百万夸特(夸特。计量单位)。
材料三 我国粮食产量1959年3400亿斤,1961年2950亿斤(人均约 440斤),1978年6000亿斤,1984年8 000亿斤(人均约800斤)。
请回答:
(1)材料一的历史现象说明了什么?(1分)结合所学知识分析其原因。 (3分)
(2)归纳材料二中18至19世纪英国农业发展的状况,并具体分析农业进步与工业发展之间的关系。(4分)
(3)指出材料三中反映的50年代末至60年代初、70年代末至80年代初我国粮食生产的不同状况,并从经济体制角度说明其原因。(6分)
(4)综上,指出古今中外促进农业发展的共性因素。(2分)
27.(18分)阅读以下材料,回答问题。
材料一 如果可以把1492年看作全球化的开始,那么大致可以看出全球化经历了这样几个阶段,首先是葡萄牙和西班牙人开创了现代全球化;然后是大英帝国、法国、比利时等欧洲国家开始大规模向全球殖民,这一阶段大致是以英国击败西班牙无敌舰队开始直到第二次世界大战结束;第三阶段是美国和前苏联在第二次世界大战中全面崛起,取代英国成为主导全球化大趋势的两大核心;第四阶段是从海湾战争开始,前苏联解体.美国开始独自引领全球化潮流,即开始努力构建一个美国模式的全球社会。
——节选自白海军《大预言:2049年的世界》
材料二 19世纪英国海外贸易示意图
材料三 (英国拥有)很大的,不断扩展的……英国还拥有更多的,可作工业革命的资金用的流动资本,源源流入英国的商业利润比流入其他任何国家的都多……由于行会较早瓦解,由于对传统的条块农田的圈占,英国获得了充裕的流动劳动力……贫穷的农民失去了自已的部分甚至全部的土地,被迫当租地人或打散工的人,否则,就不得不去城里找工作。
——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》
材料四 瓦特机发明前,英国工业生产的动力主要是水力……这样的动力缺陷是明显的。煤炭是英国工业革命的主要动力来源……(大不列颠拥有)“供应不会枯竭的优质煤炭”。(引者按:若干代以后真的还是“供应不会枯竭”吗?)英国工业革命……在人类历史上首次创造了烟囱多于教堂尖顶的图景。
——马克垚《世界文明史》
材料五 一些学者已经为工业化对环境的影响感到不安了。1827年,法国数学家富里埃提出二氧化碳的排放会使大气变暧,在他以后,瑞典学者阿伦尼乌斯提出了“温室效应”
——德尼兹·加亚尔《欧洲史》
请回答:
(1)材料一中把1492年看作是全球化的开始,请结合所学知识为作者提供其历史依据。(2分)
(2)材料二中的图1反映的本质问题是什么 反映了世界经济格局的变化是什么?(2分)
(3)根据材料三,概括该学者认为工业革命的爆发首先需要满足的三项因素;(2分)并结合所学知识,分析18世纪的英国是如何满足这三项因素,从而促成了工业革命的首先爆发。(6分)
(4)根据材料四,五,并结合所学知识,分析蒸汽机的创制对历史发展的直接影响(6分)
28.(16分)1997年2月19日,邓小平同志与世长辞,他见证了中国20世纪天翻地覆的历史改革,并亲手参与和创造了中国从贫穷落后向现代化迈进的历史。阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。
材料一 革命是解放生产力,改革也是解放生产力。推翻帝国主义、封建主义、官僚资本主义的反动统治,使中国人民的生产力获得解放,这是革命,所以革命是解放生产力。社会主义基本制度确立以后,还要从根本上改变束缚生产力发展的经济体制,建立起充满生机和活力的社会主义经济体制,促进生产力的发展,这是改革,所以改革也是解放生产力。
——1992年春天邓小平南方谈话
(1)在改革解放生产力过程中,邓小平是怎样引导中国的的经济体制改革逐步深人的?(6分)
材料二 1997年2月19日距香港回归日只剩131天,特区行政长官董建华20日早上悲痛地表示:“一国两制”概念的创造者无法亲眼目睹香港回归,他感到十分难过及悲痛。
(2)“一国两制”伟大构想对中国特色的社会主义建设有何重大历史意义?(4分)
材料三 邓小平敏锐地认识到,顺利完成新老干部交替是从组织上保证改革开放政策的连续性和国家长治久安的重大战略措施,新老交替的关键是要解决老同志占着位子的问题,而相当多的老干部又不愿交班。1989年11月9日,中国共产党十三届五中全会作出了《关于同意邓小平辞去中共中央军事委员会主席职务的决定》。1990年3月,七届全国人大三次会议在北京召开,会议批准邓小平辞去中华人民共和国中央军事委员会主席职务。
在党的第十三次全国代表大会上,在三老“半退”四老“全退”带动下,中央和各省、市、自治区又有一批老干部退出第一线的领导岗位,增选为中顾委委员和各省、市、自治区的顾问委员会委员,一批年轻干部走上了一线领导岗位。
——中共中央顾间委员会的十年途程
(3)邓小平辞职对我国政治民主化进程有何重大促进作用?(4分)
材料四 邓小平家中挂有一幅《双猫图》。一只猫毛色雪白,茸毛轻柔;另一只猫毛色乌黑,黑里透亮。画的上方,是几行遒劲苍老的题词:“不管白猫黑猫,会捉老鼠就是好猫”!
(4)“不管白猫黑猫,会捉老鼠就是好猫”,生动形象地反映了邓小平怎样的思想精髓 (2分)
2011/2012学年第二学期嵊泗中学第一次月考
高一(1~3班)历史答卷
一、选择题(本大题有25个选择题,每题2分,共50分。每题所列的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合题目要求。)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25
二、非选择题(本大题有3小题,其中26题16分,27题18分,28题16分,共50分。)
26.(16分)阅读以下材料,回答问题。
(1)材料一的历史现象说明了什么?(1分)结合所学知识分析其原因。(3分)
(2)归纳材料二中18至19世纪英国农业发展的状况,并具体分析农业进步与工业发展之间的关系。(4分)
(3)指出材料三中反映的50年代末至60年代初、70年代末至80年代初我国粮食生产的不同状况,并从经济体制角度说明其原因。(6分)
(4)综上,指出古今中外促进农业发展的共性因素。(2分)
27.(18分)阅读以下材料,回答问题。
(1)材料一中把1492年看作是全球化的开始,请结合所学知识为作者提供其历史依据。(2分)
(2)材料二中的图1反映的本质问题是什么 反映了世界经济格局的变化是什么?(2分)
(3)根据材料三,概括该学者认为工业革命的爆发首先需要满足的三项因素;(2分)并结合所学知识,分析18世纪的英国是如何满足这三项因素,从而促成了工业革命的首先爆发。(6分)
(4)根据材料四,五,并结合所学知识,分析蒸汽机的创制对历史发展的直接影响(6分)
28.(16分)阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。
(1)在改革解放生产力过程中,邓小平是怎样引导中国的的经济体制改革逐步深人的?(6分)
(2)“一国两制”伟大构想对中国特色的社会主义建设有何重大历史意义?(4分)
(3)邓小平辞职对我国政治民主化进程有何重大促进作用?(4分)
(4)“不管白猫黑猫,会捉老鼠就是好猫”,生动形象地反映了邓小平怎样的思想精髓 (2分)
参考答案
27.18分高一地理试题
选择题(本大题有25小题,每小题2分,共50分。请选出各题中一个最符合题意的正确选项。不选、多选、错选均不得分。)
厂商在选择工厂区位时,运输费用是其考虑的因素之一。回答1~3题。
1、为了减少运费,最需要接近市场的是( )
A.制糖厂 B.造船厂 C.瓶装饮料厂 D.高级时装厂
2、运费构成中对工业区位选择影响最小的是( )
A.原材料重量轻,产品价值低 B.原材料重量大,产品价值高
C.原材料重量大,产品价值低 D.原材料重量轻,产品价值高
3、工业区位受原料产地的制约越来越小,主要是因为( )
A.产品重量和体积增加
B.运输条件和生产工艺的改进
C.产品质量和价格提高
D.劳动力价格和产品需要下降
4、图6- 11表示某些工业部门对区位因素(仅考虑原料、能源、劳动力)的依赖程度。判断图中①、②、③代表的工业部门分别可能是( )
A.炼铝、服装、家具制造 B.炼铝、制糖、服装
C.汽车、造船、水泥 D.炼铜、奶制品、制鞋
宁夏充分发挥资源和区域优势,通过积极扶持龙头企业促进花卉产业快速发展。2009年全区花卉苗木生产基地达5万多亩,其中,大中型花卉生产企业20多家,花卉产业产值超过1亿元人民币。据此回答5~6题。
5.宁夏平原发展农业生产需要改造的自然因素是( )
A.地形 B.热量 C.水源 D.土壤
6.宁夏与云南相比,发展花卉生产的优势是(  )
①较低的生产成本 ②适宜的气候 ③低廉的劳动力价格④先进的保鲜技术⑤便利的交通
A.①⑤ B.②⑤ C.①③ D.③④
读“某地农业生产联系示意图”,完成7~8题。
7.图示农业属于(  )
A.粗放农业与自给农业 B.密集农业与商品农业
C.粗放农业与商品农业 D.密集农业与自给农业
8.图示农业生产地域类型是(  )
A.园艺业 B.游牧业 C.混合农业 D.大牧场放牧业
杭长高速铁路客运专线东起杭州,西至长沙,全长883.25公里,线路横贯浙江、江西、湖南三省。下图为浙江段工程的线路设计,读图回答9~10题。
9.浙江段两方案中,铁道部推荐沿既有线方案,以便节省投资并有更大的客流量,但杭州更倾向考虑中线方案,其原因是中线方案(   )
①有利于与既有浙赣铁路、金温铁路的衔接并发挥整体效益②对提升杭州西部旅游,对富阳、桐庐、建德三县(市)经济及社会发展有较大带动作用 ③可为今后杭州至黄山的铁路建设打下基础 ④沿线地势平坦,工程施工难度低
A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.②④
10.假如选择中线方案,在施工过程中可能会对周围生态环境产生的不良影响有(  )
①水土流失 ②地下水缺乏 ③红色荒漠 ④物种灭绝 ⑤耕地破坏
A.①②⑤ B.③④⑤ C.①③④ D.①③⑤
2009上海国际车展上,展出的新能源车型和清洁能源车型比以往任何一届都多。据此回答11~12题。
11.若新能源车被广泛使用,将产生的积极影响是(  )
A.缓解城市交通压力    B.减轻大气污染
C.促进经济快速发展 D.提高能源利用率
12.若现阶段大量使用清洁能源乙醇作为汽车燃料,将会产生的影响是(  )
A.缓解土地荒漠化 B.加剧粮食供应紧张局面
C.减轻耕地压力 D.增加二氧化碳排放量
荒漠化是指包括气候变异和人类活动在内的种种因素造成的干旱、半干旱甚至半湿润地区的土地退化。我国可能发生荒漠化的总面积为331.7万平方千米,占国土总面积的34.6%。据此回答13~14题。
13.我国土地退化、沙化和碱化面积不断扩大的主要原因是(  )
A.温带地区气温较高,蒸发旺盛
B.人们的过度垦殖、放牧、樵采和水资源利用不当
C.冬季风势力增强,影响的范围扩大
D.扬尘和沙尘暴天气多发
14.防治土地荒漠化的措施主要有(  )
①大量外迁人口,以减轻人口对土地的压力 ②开发深层地下水,扩大农田灌溉面积 ③大力开发利用太阳能、风能和水能,解决农村能源问题 ④扩大植被覆盖率,设置沙障,育草固沙 ⑤调整土地利用结构,合理放牧,积极营造护田林网 ⑥合理分配水资源,发展节水农业
A.①③⑤ B.②④⑥
C.③④⑤ D.④⑤⑥
右图为某城镇多年平均风频图。判断15--16题:
15.该城镇可能位于 ( )
A 我国东南沿海 B 印度半岛境内
C 地中海沿岸 D 西欧平原上
16.如果在该城市布局一个火电厂,从环境保护的角度考虑应该布局在该城市的( )
A 西北 B 东南
C 西南 D 东北
城市空间分布具有明显的阶段性,其发展演变与经济、社会发展密切相关。读“某城市空间分布不同阶段的发展演变模式图”,回答17~18题。
17.图中四个阶段按时间的发展演变顺序,正确的是(  )
A.①②③④ B.②①④③ C.②③①④ D.①④③②
18.图中发展阶段表明(  )
A.①阶段以农业为主体,中心城市辐射作用明显
B.②阶段区域以小城镇为主,内部经济差异比较小
C.③阶段现代化的交通运输网络已经形成
D.④阶段区域内部差异继续加大,区域处于不平衡状态
今后我国三个地带的发展,应当在国家统一规划指导下,按照因地制宜、合理分工、各展所长、优势互补、共同发展的原则,充分发挥本地带的优势。下图表示我国东部、中部和西部三个地带GDP(亿元)的增长,据此完成19~21题。
19.能分别正确反映东、中、西部三个地带GDP增长的折线依次是(  )
A.①②③ B.②③④ C.①②④ D.①③④
20.关于三个地带发展的叙述,不正确的是(  )
A.从社会经济发展水平来看,东部最发达,中部其次,西部较落后
B.三个地带经济发展水平的差异有所缩小
C.在今后相当长的时间内,三个地带的经济差距仍将继续拉大
D.三个地带经济发展速度:①>②>③
21.有关①经济地带的叙述,错误的是(  )
A.交通便利      B.经济国际化程度较高
C.能源、原材料丰富      D.环境问题严重
下图为中国和美国的部分地区,阴影部分为玉米带。读图,回答22~23题。
22.我国东北玉米带和美国玉米带所共同具备的有利自然条件是(  )
①热量丰富,生长期长 ②地广人稀 ③夏季降水丰富,且灌溉水源充足 ④地势平坦 ⑤土壤肥沃
A.①④⑤ B.②③④ C.②④⑤ D.③④⑤
23.中美两国玉米带所共有的社会经济条件是(  )
①劳动力充足 ②机械化程度高 ③市场广大 ④复种指数高 ⑤交通运输便利
A.①③⑤ B.②④⑤ C.②③⑤ D.①④⑤
读“世界某地区略图”,回答24~25题。
24.下列四幅示意图表示该地区五大工业部门的联系。正确的是(  )
25.图示工业区衰落最为明显的工业部门是(  )
①机械工业 ②钢铁工业 ③化学工业 ④煤炭工业
A.①③ B.②④ C.①④ D.②③
二、综合题(4小题,共50分)
26、下图为我国江南丘陵地区某城市,分析后回答(14分)
(1)A 处拟建火电厂,区位因素中有利的是 ,不利的是 。
(2)现规划建设花卉种植基地、水果生产基地、服装厂、自来水厂、全国性的服装批发市场,试分析B、C、D、E、F五处何处发展较为合理并说明理由。
B处 ,理由       ;
C处 ,理由       ;
D处   ,理由 ;
E处   ,理由 ;
F处   ,理由   。
(3)该地的水果生产基地适合生产哪些水果(至少写两种) 。
27、读我国西电东输略图,回答:(10分)
(1)我国常规能源丰富,但分布不均。煤炭主要分布在 地区,水能90%的可开发装机容量集中分布在 、中南、西北地区。
(2)A线工程是将内蒙古、 、陕西等省区的火电送到 地区;
B线工程是将 地区的 (能源名称)输往沪宁杭地区;
C线工程是将 流域的水力资源输往
三角洲地区。
(3)图中三线目的地大量输入能源的共同原因是

(4)A、B、C工程的实施,对能源的输入地的积极意义是

对能源的输出地的积极意义是

28.读图,回答下列问题。(10分)
          
(1)古代扬州的繁荣和现代石家庄的兴起主要得益于___________条件的变化。
(2)左图的五个商业中心城市中,服务范围最大的是___________。该城市积极发展轨道交通,其目的是_________________、 _________________。
(3)右图中的A线是我国资源跨区域调配的___________工程。
该工程对上海发展的影响___________________、__________________等。
(4)图中B河是我国重要的南北地理分界线,请试述差异:
气候类型:_________________________________________________________,
耕地类型:_________________________________________________________,
粮食作物:_________________________________________________________。
29.读下列资料和洞庭湖水系变迁图,回答下列问题。(16分)
材料一:洞庭湖水系变迁图
材料二:清代初年,洞庭湖面积约6000平方千米,是我国第一大淡水湖。然而洞庭湖水域的泥沙淤积非常严重,到20世纪末,面积仅剩下2625平方千米。
“洪水一大片,枯水几条线”,大片湿地的消亡使洞庭湖的洪涝灾害日趋严重。近50年来,洞庭湖经历了35次水灾,尤其是进入20世纪90年代以来,洪水接二连三地肆虐洞庭湖两岸。1996年7月的洪水,直接损失近500亿元。近几十年来,洞庭湖有效蓄洪能力急剧下降。1954年能蓄水314亿立方米,1983年能蓄水187.4亿立方米,1998年只能蓄水170亿立方米。
(1)根据材料说明洞庭湖发生了什么变化?产生了哪些生态问题?
变化:
生态问题:
(2)引起该现象的主要自然原因和人为原因有哪些?
自然原因:
人为原因:
(3)要改变这种状况,当前应采取哪些主要措施?
主要措施:
2011/2012学年第二学期嵊泗中学第一次月考
高一(1~3)地理答卷
一、选择题(每小题2分,共50分)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
C D B B C C B D B D
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B B B D A D C B A B
21 22 23 24 25
C D C B B
26.(1)附近有煤炭资源 该区为我国江南地区,冬季吹偏北风时,火电厂排放的有害气体会污染该市区
B水果生产基地 丘陵地区适合种植果树
C服装厂 该处接近消费市场,劳动力资源丰富 。
D全国性的服装批发市场 位于两条过境公路交汇处,交通便利 。
E处建自来水 位于河流上游,水质好
F花卉种植基地 位于河流附近,水源充足,且位于近郊,地价低。
27(1)北方 西南
(2)山西 北京、天津(京津唐) 三峡 水电 珠江 珠江
(3)东部沿海地区经济发达,人口稠密,能源的消费量很大,但能源资源短缺
(4)为输入地的社会经济发展提供电力保证,同时能减轻输入地的大气污染,并能减轻部分铁路运输的负担 促进输出地的资源开发,将资源优势变为经济优势
28.(1)交通
  (2)北京 减少环境污染,减少交通拥挤
  (3)西气东输 改善能源消费结构;有效控制大气污染;推动天然气相关产业的发展;缓解能源短缺状况等。(答出其中两点,得2分)
  (4)南亚热带季风和北温带季风气候;北旱地和南水田;北小麦为主和南水稻为主。
29.(1)变化:水域面积大幅度减少,洞庭湖调蓄功能降低(2分)
生态问题:洪涝灾害严重(2分)生物多样性减少(2分)
(2)自然原因:长江洪水倒灌、泥沙淤积(2分)高一英语试题
选择题部分(共90分)
第一部分:英语知识运用(共两节,满分40分)
第一节:单项填空(共20小题;每小题1分,满分20分)
21. ——You couldn't have chosen any gift better for me.
——_______________.
Oh, I’d choose a better one for you next time.
I'm glad that you like it so much.
You've had a gift for music, haven't you
Sorry but don't blame me, dear.
22. One thing that parents should remember is that to be ________ friend with their children is _________ better way to know them.
A. /; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the
23. Though the new place is rather small and old, its only _________ from it to my workplace.
A. 5 minutes walk B. 5-minute walk C. a 5 minutes walk D. a 5-minute walk
24. The Mayor, together with several model workers, _____ the performance test of the new design with great interest and admiration while the prize winner was explaining the princip behind it.
A. is watching B. are watching C. was watching D. were watching
25. It is said that a louse(跳蚤) is such a good jumper that it can jump about 300 times ________ its own body.
A. the height of B. as higher as C. higher of D. as higher than
26. With so much work to do, you ________ to watch the football match this morning.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn't go
C. couldn't have gone D. shouldn't have gone
27. To everyone’s great __________, a local reporter jumped out and threw a shoe at Bush at the press conference.
A. surprised B. surprising C. surprise D. surprisingly
28. ——The research on the new flu virus vaccine is challenging and demanding. Who do you think can do the job
—— _________ my students have a try
A. Shall B. Must C. Will D. May
29. We offered him our congratulations __________ his passing the college entrance exam.
A. at B. on C. for D. of
30. The beautiful dress _____ Miss Hopwood went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.
A. in which B. worn by C. wearing which D. that
31. Spielberg, the great American director, got poor grades in high school and ________ to any film schools when young.
A. didn't admit B. hadn't admitted C. isn't admitted D. wasn't admitted
32. Many companies __________ too much importance to working experience when employing workers.
A. attach B. pay C. contribute D. connect
33. There __________ any convenience store here, but now we have four different ones .
A. used to be B. not used to be C. not use to be D. usedn’t to be
34. Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _________ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.
A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as
35. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms, _________ was put forward by the committee, will be considered seriously at the meeting.
A. while B. after C. since D. as
36. Don’t be tempted to cheat---you’ll never ___________it.
A. get away with B. get way from C. get across D. get around
37. She promised to attend my wedding, but she didn't __________.
A. turn up B. turn down C. turn over D. turn on
38. —— May I smoke here
—— If you _______, choose a seat in the smoking section.
A. can B. could C.may D.must
39. It is because of the frequent exposure to strong sunlight _________ Australian women are likely to suffer from skin cancer.
A. that B. why C. when D. which
40. If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be __________.
A. cut out B. cut through C. cut up D. cut off
第二节: 完形填空(共20小题:每小题1分, 满分20分)
Life is not always smooth. There was a man who had 41 numerous failures in his life. But he said, "One success is 42 for me!"
When he was five years old, his father died of illness without leaving him any 43 . Since then, his mother worked outside 44 he had to stay at home and take care of his siblings, He learnt cooking since then.
When he was fourteen, he dropped 45 and began his life of roving (流浪).
When he was eighteen, he married a girl, who, 46 , sold out all his properties and went back to her home several months after their marriage.
When he was twenty, he 47 his job from electrician to ferry staff to railway worker. All his jobs were 48 for him.
When he was thirty-five, misfortune again 49 on him. When he was driving across a huge bridge, the steel ropes along the edge of the bridge were broken and he fell into the river with his car. He suffered such severe injuries that he could no longer continue his 50 .
When he was 51 , he opened a gas station in a town. However, he 52 dispute(争端)because he beat his competitors 53 the billboard hanging problems.
When he was forty-seven, he 54 his second wife, which had 55 stricken his three children.
When he was sixty-six, he made a living by 56 his chicken-frying techniques to various restaurants in different places.
When he was seventy-five, he felt 57 to maintain his company, so he transferred his brand and patent to others. The new owner suggested giving him ten thousand stock shares as part of the purchasing price. But he 58 the suggestion. Later the price of the stocks of the company soared and he lost the chance of being a billionaire.
When he was eighty-eight, he achieved great success and became well-known to the whole world.
He was exactly the founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken, Ha Lunde Sandoz. He often said, "People always complain about the bad 59 . Actually it is not bad at all. As long as you are 60 and confident all the time, you will have a good weather every day."
41. A. achieved B. undergone C. tried D. undertook
42. A. great B. important C. valuable D. enough
43. A. words B. furniture C. property D. families
44. A. while B. but C. when D. so
45. A. in B. out C. down D. up
46. A. meanwhile B. moreover C. however D. therefore
47. A. started B. took C. lost D. changed
48. A. fit B. hard C. unusual D. adequate
49. A. fell B. hit C. put D. rested
50. A. life B. major C. job D. education
51. A. forty B. thirty-five C. fifty-three D. seventy
52. A. went through B. came into C. came about D. went against
53. A. contributing to B. judging from C. owing to D. leading to
54. A. changed B. married C. missed D. divorced
55.A. deeply B. highly C. generally D. thickly
56.A. learning B. promoting C. developing D. buying
57. A. powerless B. upset C. disappointed D. hopeless
58. A. turned up B. turned to C. turned down D. turned in
59. A. difficulties B. misfortune C. life D. weather
60. A. hard-working B. brave C. cautious D. optimistic
第二部分:阅读理解(第一节20小题,第二节5小题;每小题2分,满分50分)
A
The pursuit of lasting happiness has long been a subject of interest for scientists and surveys alike. But what makes us really happy and what lasting benefits does happiness have
Well, earlier this month, scientists from the University of Illinois found the people who are happy and positive about life live longer. The researchers found "clear and compelling evidence" that happiness is key when it comes to better health and longer lifespans.
Last month a British study, which tracked members of 40,000 households across the country, concluded that eating a family meal at least three times a week is the key to happiness because it helps build a strong bond between parents and their children.
But happiness might be decided when you are born. Names can apparently predict how happy we are as individuals, with researchers at Manchester Metropolitan University claiming in 2009 that people called Judy and Joshua enjoy life the most. Ben, Andrew and Edward were seen as miserable names on the other hand.
Married couples are most likely to be happy with their relationships, according to the study, which also found that the happiest relationships are those less than five years old between two university graduates who have no children.
Research has also suggested that happiness begins at 50.A study from Stony Brook University, New York, found that stress, anger and worry fade after your 50th. Women were also reported to suffer greater stress, worry and sadness at all ages.
Money makes the world go round, but it is not the key to happiness,according to other studies. In 2008, a survey from the Office for National Statistics found that British families were healthier and twice as well off as they were 20 years ago, but are no happier. However, other studies have found money can buy you happiness after all, but only if you spend it wisely. Indeed, that might be why a good holiday can boost your happiness levels "for up to two months" after - although the break has to be "very relaxing" to have such an effect.
61. According to study, we can infer the probable cause of the unhappiness is ____. .
A. stress B. worry C. anger D. all of the above
62. Which is the happiest relationship
A. Married couples B. The people called Ben and Judy
C. British families with children
D. Those less than five years old between two university graduates who have no children.
63. Which word can be properly used to describe the altitude towards happiness
A. supportive B. opposed C. objective D. subjective
64. According to the study, which one is wrong
A. Happiness begins at 50.
B. A good holiday will boost your happiness levels "for up to two months" after.
C. Money can buy you happiness after all, but only if you spend it wisely.
D. Happiness is key when it comes to better health and longer lifespans.
B
Father’s day Sunset Live Music Dinner CruiseSunday, June 20th, 20106:30pm-8:30pmJoin us abroad the 95’ Dana Pride for our special Father’s Day Dinner Cruise. Enjoy a unique evening of fun on the water, complete with live music by Mike O’ Brien and a delicious barbecue dinner.Adult ----$ 59Kids (3-12)----$29 Two and under are Free.LOCATION: Dana Point HarborBOOK ONLINE OR CALL: 949-496-5794
Rancho Days FiestaJuly, 17, 2010 Celebration the history of Saddleback Valley, there will be children’s activities including free crafts projects. Help make and taste homemade ice cream and butter, warm bread from the oven. Dip water and grind (磨碎) corn while learning about the early days of Orange County. Admission is $ 3 for children 3 to 12 years old and $4 for adults. LOCATION: Heritage Hill Historical ParkINFORMATION: 949---923---2230
Annual Silverado Counter Fair and Art FestivalOctober 3-4, 2010 The 39th Annual Silverado Country Fair explores the wonders of the area’s Old West rustic (乡村的)culture, great live music tasty food, handmade arts, crafts and family games under the oak-trees below Orange Country’s famous Saddleback Mountain. Daytime adult admission: $4/ Kids under 12: only $2 Saturday Night Music Fest (联欢): $ 5 for everyoneLOCATION: Silverado Community CenterINFORMATION: 714---997---3968
Starr Ranch SanctuaryOctober 24-25, 2010Audubon California’s Starr Ranch Sanctuary invites you to our fall classes for adults. Join our wildlife biologist for two peaceful days at beautiful 4,000 acre Starr Ranch in southeast Orange County and experience nature hands-on as a wildlife researcher. Cost: $ 95 for those not camping (including dinner) $100 for those camping ( dinner and breakfast provided)LOCATION: Starr Ranch SanctuaryRESERVATIONS OR INFORMATION: 949---858---0309
65. Which event is the most suitable for one who wants to enjoy dinner in a boat with live music
A. Father’s day Sunset Live Music Dinner Cruise
B. Rancho Days Fiesta
C. Annual Silverado Counter Fair and Art Festival
D. Starr Ranch Sanctuary
66. At Rancho Days Fiesta, you can ______.
A. pay to join in camping
B. join in activities for the whole family
C. learn about the lifestyle of the early days of the Orange County
D. taste food made in the local factories
67. How much will a couple have to pay if they go to Saturday Night Music Fest with their 10-year –old son
A. $ 12 B. $15 C. $10 D. $5
68. Mr. Smith wants to take his wife and daughter to have some family games in early October. He will call _______ for information.
A. 949-496-5794 B. 949---923---2230
C. 714---997---3968 D. 949---858---0309
69. John is going to have his summer holiday in a place where he can see many different kinds of animals and plants, so he can go ______
A. Annual Silverado Counter Fair and Art Festival
B. Starr Ranch Sanctuary
C. Rancho Days Feista
D. Father’s day Sunset Live Music Dinner Cruie
C
Before meeting with my friend Leticia from Honduras, Central America, I would ask her if she was arriving according to North American time or Latin American time. Smiling, she would answer, "A la hora Latina, of course." This meant that she would be late. The concept of time is very different for Latin Americans than for North Americans.
Life in the United States is fast-paced. There are fast food restaurants, overnight delivery services, shuttle services, instant cash machines, fast weight loss plans, and even instant minute rice. Keenly following such sayings as, "The early bird gets the worm," and, "First come, first served," North Americans even have their meals in an efficient manner. Microwaves help warm up their early breakfasts, noon lunches, and five-o'clock dinners.
"Time is money" for big businesses. Everyone follows set agendas(议事日程). Minutes are taken at meetings that are precisely scheduled. North Americans take pride in juggling busy work schedules and still finding time to spend with family and friends.
Latin Americans stroll leisurely through life. They wander past open-air restaurants, across shaded patios tucked behind walls of Bougainvillea. In the cafes, the service is slow but courteous. Outside on the streets, people walk by, not for weight purposes, but to get somewhere. Buses arrive and depart on their own schedule, sometimes sooner or later than their printed times. And if you miss the bus, wait. One will come along eventually. Mid-morning breakfasts are homemade. Lunch is around three in the afternoon and dinner could be anytime after the arranged time. No one follows a set agenda, but business is accomplished at a gradual and comfortable pace. Watches are not followed precisely, and one barely ever hears the question, "What time is it "
This cultural difference has proven to be a problem for many North Americans visiting Latin American countries and vice versa. For example, this problem has escalated on the issue of adoption. While in Honduras the summer of 1989, I translated for couples from the United States who were looking for children to adopt from Central America. All legal procedures were transacted between a lawyer from the U.S. and a Honduran lawyer. Legal matters on the North American end were handled almost immediately. The Honduran lawyer, however, was considerably slower with field work and paper work and was unable to give definite dates or times for the completion of the adoption. This created a cultural barrier and added to the confusion of the situation.
Without understanding these cultural differences, one could eventually feel offended. Having lived for five years in the Dominican Republic, I am able to understand the two concepts of time but am torn between them. People in the United States, while accomplishing much, need to live less by the clock and stroll through more of their days. Although Latin America can sometimes be very frustrating and remind us that, indeed, patience is a virtue, one should slow down long enough to enjoy life's simple pleasure. So whenever I am asked, "Why are you late " I simply reply, "According to whose time "
70. Which is probably North Americans’ behavior
A. Walk to the destination even though it is far away.
B. Have dinner at 9pm in the evening.
C. Plan the meeting time precisely.
D. Do business in a slow pace.
71. If you invite a Latin American friend for a party at 8p.m., when will he/she be likely to arrive
A. After 8p.m.. B. Before 8p.m.. C. At 8p.m.. D. Not come.
72. That the writer gives an example of adoption is to show that ______.
A. it is impossible for North Americans to adopt a child from Latin America
B. Latin American lawyers are incapable
C. North Americans and Latin Americans can’t work together
D. the different time concepts may cause difficulties in the cooperation between North Americans and Latin Americans
73. What’s the writer’s opinion on North Americans’ and Latin Americans’ attitudes towards time
A. North Americans’ attitude is better.
B. Both are good.
C. Latin Americans’ attitude is better.
D. Neither is good.
74. What does the writer want to convey
A. It is important to learn about cultural differences.
B. In this fast-pace society, we should learn to slow down and enjoy life.
C. Patience is a virtue.
D. We need to live by the clock in this competitive society.
D
Bobby Moresco grew up in New York's Hell's Kitchen, a tough working-class neighborhood on Manhattan's West Side. But Hell's Kitchen lies right next door to Broadway, and the bright lights attracted Bobby from the time he was a teen. Being stage-struck was hardly what a street kid could admit to his partners. Fearing their ridicule, he told no one, not even his girlfriend, when he started taking acting lessons at age 17. If you were a kid from the neighborhood, you became a cop, construction worker, longshoreman or criminal. Not an actor.
Moresco struggled to make that long walk a few blocks east. He studied acting, turned out for all the cattle calls -- and during the decade of the 1970s made a total of $2,000. "I wasn't a good actor, but I had a driving need to do something different with my life," he says.
He moved to Hollywood, where he drove a cab and worked as a bartender. "My father said, 'Stop this craziness and get a job; you have a wife and daughter.' “But Moresco kept working at his chosen craft.
Then in 1983 his younger brother Thomas was murdered in a mob-linked killing. Moresco moved back to his old neighborhood and started writing as a way to explore the pain and the patrimony of Hell's Kitchen. Half-Deserted Streets, based on his brother's killing, opened at a small Off-Broadway theater in 1988. A Hollywood producer saw it and asked him to work on a screenplay.
His reputation grew, and he got enough assignments to move back to Hollywood. By 2003, he was again out of work and out of cash when he got a call from Paul Haggis, a director who had befriended him. Haggis wanted help writing a film about the country after September 11. The two worked on the writing, but every studio in town turned it down. They kept pitching it. Studio executives, however, thought no one wanted to see a severe, honest vision of race and fear and lives in collision in modern America.
Moresco believed so strongly in the script that he borrowed money, sold his house. He and Haggis kept pushing. At last the writers found an independent film producer who would take a chance, but the upfront money was too little, Moresco delayed his salary.
Crash slipped into the theaters in May 2005, and quietly became both a hit and a critical success. It was nominated for six Academy Awards and won three -- Best Picture, Best Film Editing and Best Writing (Original Screenplay) by Paul Haggis and the kid from Hell's Kitchen.
At age 54, Bobby Moresco became an overnight success. "If you have something you want to do in life, don't think about the problems," he says, "think about other ways to get it done."
75. Rearrange the following statements in term of time order:
a. His work Half-Deserted Streets drew attention as it opened at a small Off-Broadway theater
b. Unexpectedly Crash became both a hit and a huge success.
c. He moved to Hollywood to be a taxi driver and a waiter.
d. He started learn acting in spite of hardness with the belief of doing something diiferent.
e. His younger brother Thomas was killed in conflict among bullies.
A. d; c; e; a; b B. d; e; c; b; a C. c; d; e; a; b D. c; e; d; b; a
76. Why Bobby Moresco did not tell anyone that he started taking lessons at age 17
A. He wnted to give his girlfriend a surprise. B. His girlfriend did not allow him to do this.
C. He was afraid of being laughed at.D. He had no talent for acting.
77. Which of the following sentences is NOT true
A. His father did not support his work as a bartender.
B. Before he became an overnight success, his life experienced ups and downs.
C. His brother’s death inspired his writing Half-Deserted Streets.
D. Moresco grew up in New York's Hell's Kitchen which is a few blocks east of Broadway.
78. The Studio executives turned the script Crash down because ______________.
A. they thought the script would not be popular.
B. the script was not well written.
C. they had no money to make the film based on the script.
D. they thought Moresco was not famous.
79. What’s the best title of the article
A. The Road to Success B. Try It a Different Way
C. A Talented man—Moresco D. Moresco’s Perseverance
80. Which of the following can best describe Bobby Moresco
A. initiative and persistent B. shy but hardworking
C. caring and brave D. aggressive and modest
第二节:信息匹配 (共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)
以下是网站提供的信息,请阅读以下上网者的信息,然后匹配上网者和他/她要查询的网站
A. http://www.k12.wa.us/: This is a web site for the state office of the superintendent(负责人) of Public Instruction with extensive information about individual schools and districts, including: an archive(档案)of demographic( 人口的)information, and a breakdown of the state’s academic standards.
B. http://www.just4kids.org/en/washington/: Student achievement data for every school in the state can be found at the web site. Researchers use test-score data to measure each school’s “opportunity gap”, or the difference between a school’s performance and the average of the highest-performing schools in the state with similar or more challenging student populations.
C. http://www.fwps.org/cur/plc/: Is your child learning everything he should know in kindergarten , first grade and beyond Many districts have further improved the state’s broad academic standards with more specific grade-level standards. The Federal Way School District offers a complete list of specific learning expectations by grade level on its web site. Select the grade you are interested in under “grade-level expectations.”
D. http://www.washingtonpave.org/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com / " \o "欢迎登陆21世纪教育网 ): Check out the web page for Washington Parents are vital in Education, which works to promote independence and future opportunities for people with disabilities.
E. http://www.naeyc.org/: The National Association for the Education of Young Children offers many free and low-cost publications(出版物)that discuss the care and education of children.
F. http://www.talaris.org/: the Talaris Institute studies early brain development in children from birth to age five. The institute’s duty is to sponsor scientific studies on early brain and behavioral development and then translate the research finding into useful tools and information for parents, caregivers and others.
81. Jack has a son who is studying in grade one. As a father, he wants to know how to help him meet the grade level learning expectations.
82. Margaret is a young mother whose son has some trouble with his legs. She needs to look through web sites to find out how to help her son help himself.
83. Alice is a mother whose daughter is now at school. She wants to learn how to care about and educate her children without any payment.
84. Peter is an education researcher and he wants to learn about what differences exist between schools. And he is longing for the test-score data of the students.
85. Lynne has a two-year-old child. She wants to find something about child’s development in brain and behavior.
非选择题部分(共40分)
第三部分:写作(共三节,满分40分)
第一节:完成句子(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
86. The little boy has a g________ for music, for he teaches himself how to play the piano.
87. The experiment p_________ by The National Health Institution achieved a great success.(操作)
88. This statue was put up in m_________ of Dr Sun Yat-sen.
89. The boys stood there and g_________ at each other, but not fight.
90. Children can b________ a lot from reading more books.
91. Nowadays more and more people are concerned about b__________ diet.
92. No one can enter the lab in building A unless he has the ____________.(许可)
93. It is _________ that English is a must in today’s job hunting.(显而易见的)
94. On hearing his ___________ words, the whole class burst into laughter.(幽默的)
95. Little Tommy is not popular with his classmates because he always plays t__________ on others.
第二节:短文改错(共10题,满分10分)
下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(︿),并在其下面写上该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写上修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改l0处,多者(从第ll处起)不计分。
When our six children were young, supper time is always interrupted by neighborhood children ring the bell. They wanted one child or another to go out and played. Finally we had a good idea. We hanged a sign on the front door that was read:“We are having e back later.” That night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleased, uninterrupted meal. But as soon as we began dinner, the doorbell rang. At the front door stood the five-year-old boy across the street. He looked up at us and said, “ I just want to know what the sign say.”
第三节:书面表达(满分20分)
下面是大学新生入学报到时常出现的几种情景,对此人们不禁会问:Should parents do this much 情景1:父母肩扛手提行李,子女轻松行走;情景2:父母代填各种信息,子女一边旁观;情景3:父母在校陪住几天。就以上情况,请用英语写一篇短文。短文应包含以下内容:1. 叙述以上现象; 2. 回答人们的疑问;3. 给出充分的理由支持自己的观点(缺乏锻炼机会、形成不良习惯、不利于年轻人的成长等)。
注意:1. 词数:120左右; 2. 短文题目和开头已给出,不计入总词数。
行李:luggage; 轻松地:leisurely; 旁观:look on
Should parents do this much
Each year new students come to university, and srange things happen on campuses. ____________
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节:短文改错 10%
When our six children were young, supper time is always interrupted by neighborhood children
was
ring the bell. They wanted one child or another to go out and played. Finally we had a good idea.
ringing play
We hanged a sign on the front door that was read:“we are having e back later.” That
hung
night, we sat down to what they thought would be a pleased, uninterrupted meal. But as soon as
we pleasant
we began dinner, the doorbell rang. At the front door stood the five-year-old boy ︿ across the
a from
street. He looked up at us and said, “I just want to know what the sign say.”高一物理试题
一、单项选择题(本题为所有考生必做。每小题3分,共24分)
1、一质点在某段时间内做曲线运动,则在这段时间内 (  )
A.速度一定在不断地改变,加速度也一定在不断地改变
B.速度一定在不断地改变,加速度可以不变
C.速度可以不变,加速度一定在不断改变
D.速度和加速度都可以不变
2、关于质点做匀速圆周运动的下列说法中正确的是( )
A.由可知,a与r成反比 B.由,a与r成正比
C.由v=ωr可知,ω与r成反比 D.ω=2πn可知,ω与n成正比
3、有关开普勒关于行星运动的描述,下列说法中正确的是( )
A.所有的行星绕太阳运动的轨道都是椭圆,太阳处在椭圆的一个焦点上
B.所有的行星绕太阳运动的轨道都是圆,太阳处在圆心上
C.所有的行星轨道的半长轴的三次方跟公转周期的二次方的比值都相等
D.不同的行星绕太阳运动的椭圆轨道是相同的
4、在轨道上运行的人造地球卫星,如天线突然脱落,则天线将做:( )
A.自由落体运动 B.平抛运动
C.和卫星一起在同一轨道上绕地球运动 D.由于惯性沿轨道切线方向作直线运动
5、人造地球卫星由于受大气阻力,轨道半径逐渐变小,则线速度和周期变化情况( )
A.线速度减小,周期增大 B.线速度减小,周期减小
C.线速度增大,周期增大 D.线速度增大,周期减小
6、在水平面上,小猴拉着小滑块做匀速圆周运动,O点为圆心,能正确地表示小滑块受到的牵引力F及摩擦力Ff的图是( )
7、摆式列车是集电脑、自动控制等高新技术于一体的新型高速列车,当它转弯时,在电脑控制下,车厢会自动倾斜,产生转弯需要的向心力;行走在直线上时,车厢又恢复原状。靠摆式车体的先进性无需对线路等设施进行较大的改造,就可以实现高速行车.假设有一摆式超高速列车在水平面内行驶,以 360 km/h的速度拐弯,拐弯半径为 1.5 km,则质量为 75 kg的乘客在拐弯过程中所受到的合外力为 ( )
A.500N B.1000N C.500N D.0
8、“神舟六号”的发射成功,可以预见,随着航天员在轨道舱内停留时间的增加,体育锻炼成了一个必不可少的环节,下列器材适宜航天员在轨道舱中进行锻炼的是 ( )
A.哑铃 B.弹簧拉力器 C.单杠 D.跑步机
二、不定项选择题(本题分两组,请根据你所在的班级选作其中的一组试题。共5小题,每小题4分,共20分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,至少有一个选项是正确的.全部选对的得4分,选不全的得2分,有选错或不答的得0分)
第一组(4-6班考生必做题)
9、下面说法中正确的是(  )
A.物体做曲线运动时一定有加速度
B.平抛运动是匀变速运动,任意相等时间内速度的变化都相同
C.匀速圆周运动虽然不是匀变速运动,但任意相等时间内速度的变化仍相同
D.当物体受到的合外力为零时,物体仍然可以做曲线运动
10、如图所示装置绕竖直轴匀速旋转,有一紧贴内壁的小物体,物体随装置一起在水平面内匀速转动的过程中所受外力可能是( )
A.重力、弹力 B.重力、弹力、滑动摩擦力
C. 下滑力、弹力、静摩擦力 D. 重力、弹力、静摩擦力
11、有一物体在离水平地面高处以初速度水平抛出,落地时速度为,竖直分速度为vy,水平射程为,不计空气阻力,则物体在空中飞行的时间为:( )
A、 B、 C、 D、
12、下列几组数据中能算出地球质量的是(万有引力常量G是已知的)( )
A.地球绕太阳运行的周期T和地球中心离太阳中心的距离r
B. 月球绕地球运动的角速度和月球中心离地球中心的距离r
C.月球绕地球运行的周期T和地球的半径r
D.月球绕地球运动的周期T和轨道半径r
13、假如一人造地球卫星做圆周运动的轨道半径增大到原来的2倍,仍做圆周运动。则 ( )
A.根据公式v=ωr可知卫星的线速度将增大到原来的2倍
B.根据公式F=mv2/r,可知卫星所受的向心力将变为原来的1/4
C.根据公式F=GMm/r2,可知地球提供的向心力将减少到原来的1/4
D.根据上述B和C给出的公式,可知卫星运动的线速度将减少到原来的/2
第二组(7-8班考生必做题)
14、如图所示,将完全相同的两个小球A、B,用长L=0.8 m的细绳悬于以向右匀速运动的小车的顶部,两球恰与小车前后壁接触,由于某种原因,小车突然停止运动,此时悬线的拉力之比FB∶FA为( ) ( )
A. 1∶4 B.1∶3 C.1∶2 D. 1∶1
15、图为俄罗斯名将斯鲁茨卡娅在滑冰过程中美丽的倩影。假设图中斯鲁茨卡娅正在沿圆弧形轨迹运动,若该运动员的质量大致在60kg左右,人体倾斜的角度约为60°,重力加速度约10m/s2。据此,可以估测的物理量是( )
A.地面与冰鞋间的动摩擦因数
B.地面对冰鞋静摩擦力的大小
C.运动员的滑行速度
D.运动员转弯时的向心加速度
16、如图所示,a、b、c是地球大气层外圆形轨道上运行的三颗人造地球卫星,a、b质量相同,且小于c的质量,则( )
A.b所需向心力最小
B.b、c周期相等,且大于a的周期
C.b、c的向心加速度相等,且大于a的向心加速度
D.b、c的线速度大小相等,且小于a的线速度
17、天文学上把两个相距较近,由于彼此的引力作用而沿各自的轨道互相环绕旋转的恒星系统称为“双星”系统,设一双星系统中的两个子星保持距离不变,共同绕着连线上的某一点以不同的半径做匀速圆周运动,则( )
A.两子星的线速度的大小一定相等
B.两子星的角速度的大小一定相等
C.两子星受到的向心力的大小一定相等
D.两子星的向心加速度的大小一定相等
18、如图所示,小朋友在玩一种运动中投掷的游戏,目的是在运动中将手中的球投进离地面高3m的吊环,他在车上和车一起以2m/s的速度向吊环运动,小朋友抛球时手离地面1.2m,当他在离吊环的水平距离为2m时将球相对于自己竖直上抛,球刚好进入吊环,他将球竖直向上抛出的速度是(g取10m/s2)( )
A.1.8m/s B.3.2m/s
C.6.8m/s D.3.6m/s
三、填空题(本题为所有考生必做。每空3分,共24分)
19、一物体在水平面内沿半径 R = 20cm的圆形轨道做匀速圆周运动,线速度v = 0.2m/s ,那么,它的向心加速度为______m/s2 ,它的周期为______s 。
20、火星的半径是地球半径的一半,其质量是地球质量的1/9,一宇航员的质量是72kg,则他在火星上所受的重力为______N。(地球表面的重力加速度取10m/s2)
21、已知地球的半径为R,地面的重力加速度为g,引力常量为G。可求得地球的平均密度ρ=________,地球的第一宇宙速度是______ __ 。
22、(1)“研究平抛物体的运动”实验的装置如图所示,在实验前应( )
A.将斜槽的末端切线调成水平
B.将木板校准到竖直方向,并使木板平面与小球下落的竖直平面平行
C.小球每次必须从斜面上同一位置由静止开始释放
D. 在白纸上记录斜槽末端槽口的位置O,作为小球做平抛运动
的起点和所建坐标系的原点
(2)、在“研究平抛物体的运动”实验中,某同学记录了A、B、C三点,取A点为坐标原点,建立了如图所示的坐标系。平抛轨迹上的这三点坐标值图中已标出。那么小球平抛的初速度为 ,小球抛出点的坐标为 。(取)
四.计算题(前两题全部考生必做,最后一题请根据你所在的班级选作,要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤.只写出最后答案,而未写出主要演算过程的,不能得分.有数字计算的问题,答案中必须明确写出数值和单位.共32分。)
23、两颗人造地球卫星,都在圆形轨道上运行,质量之比为mA∶mB=1∶2,,轨道半径之比rA∶rB=1:2,求它们的
(1)线速度之比vA∶vB (2)角速度之比A:B
(3)周期之比TA∶TB (4)向心加速度之比aA∶aB
24、城市中为了解决交通问题,修建了许多立交桥,如图所示,桥面为圆弧形的立交桥AB,横跨在水平路面上,长为L=200m,桥高h=20m.可以认为桥的两端A、B与水平路面的连接处的平滑的.一辆汽车的质量m=1040kg的小汽车冲上圆弧形的立交桥,到达桥顶时的速度为15m/s.试计算:(g取10m/s2)
(1)小汽车在桥顶处对桥面的压力的大小.
(2)若小车在桥顶处的速度为时,小车如何运动.
25、(4-6班考生必做题)在冬天,高为h=1.25m的平台上,覆盖了一层冰,一乘雪橇的滑雪爱好者,从距平台边缘s=24m处以一定的初速度向平台边缘滑去,如图所示,当他滑离平台即将着地时的瞬间,其速度方向与水平地面的夹角为θ=45°,取重力加速度g=10m/s2。求:
(1)滑雪者着地点到平台边缘的水平距离是多大;
(2)若平台上的冰面与雪橇间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.05,则滑雪者的初速度是多大?
26、(7-8班考生必做题)
某游乐场中有一种叫“空中飞椅”的游乐设施,其基本装置是将绳子上端固定在转盘上,绳子下端连接座椅,人坐在飞椅上随转盘旋转而在空中飞旋。若将人看成质点,则可简化为如图所示的物理模型。其中P为处于水平面内的转盘,可绕竖直转轴OO′转动,设轻绳长L=10m,人的质量m=60kg,转盘静止时人与转轴之间的距离d=4m.转盘慢慢加速运动,经过一段时间后转速保持稳定,此时人与转轴之间的距离变为D=10m且保持不变。不计空气阻力,绳子不可伸长,取g=10m/s2。求:
(1)最后转盘匀速转动时的角速度大约为多少?
(2)若转盘稳定转动后,一位游客随身带的手机突然滑下来,此时座椅离地面H=5米,在地面上的管理员发现这一情况后,跑过来接,如果管理员在转轴中心处,问他至少应该跑多远才行?
四、计算题(共32分)
23、
、、、
24、
(1)9500N(2)平抛运动
25、(4-6班考生必做题)
解析: (1)把滑雪爱好者着地时的速度vt分解为如图所示的v0、vy两个分量

解得t=0.5s (2分)
则 vy=gt=5m/s
又vy=v0tan45°
解得 v0=5m/s (2分)
着地点到平台边缘的水平距离:x= v0t=2.5m (2分)
(2)滑雪者在平台上滑动时,受到滑动摩擦力作用而减速运动,由动能定理得
(2分)
解得:v=7m/s
即滑雪者的初速度为7m/s。  (2分)
h
s
v

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