资源简介

(共77张PPT)
Unit
1
Great
scientists
主题语境:人与社会——社会服务
【语篇导读】提到查尔斯·理查德·德鲁这个名字,人们知之甚少。被誉为
“血库之父”的他,是建立血库的第一人。他发明了保存血浆的方法,为世界的医学发展做出了巨大的贡献。
Charles
Richard
Drew
was
a
famous
African-American
doctor
and
scientist.His
work
on
blood
banks①
helped
save
thousands
of
lives
during
World
War
Ⅱ.
Charles
Richard
Drew
was
born
in
1904
in
Washington,D.C.His
main
interest
was
in
sports
when
he
was
young.He
won
many
medals
for
swimming.Later,he
focused
his
attention
on
track②,basketball
and
football.During
college,Charles
became
interested
in
medicine.He
attended
medical
school
at
McGill
University
in
Canada.In
1933,he
received
his
Doctor
of
Medicine
degree.
As
a
doctor
and
a
researcher,Charles
was
absorbed
in
research
on
blood
transfusions.Through
his
study,he
found
that
blood
plasma(血浆)
could
be
successfully
used
instead
of
whole
blood.He
wrote
up
the
results
which
were
published
in
a
report.During
World
War
Ⅱ,Charles
worked
with
the
British.He
helped
them
develop③
the
blood
bank.He
organized
the
collection
of
blood
plasma
from
different
hospitals.The
life-saving
plasma
saved
many
wounded
people
in
the
war.He
also
helped
the
American
Red
Cross
develop
a
blood
bank.Around
this
time,Charles
became
known
as
“the
father
of
the
blood
bank”.?
Charles’s
life
was
cut
short
by
a
car
accident
in
1950.However,his
legacy
is
still
alive
and
well
today.Charles’s
name
appears
on
a
great
number
of
schools
and
organizations
across
the
country.?
In
1981,his
photo
appeared
in
the
United
States
Postal
Service’s
Great
Americans
stamp
series.At
Amherst,a
beautiful
brick
house
is
named
in
memory
of
his
outstanding
achievements.The
American
Red
Cross’
Charles
Drew
Institute
in
Biomedical
Services
is
also
named
after
him.
词海拾贝
①bank
[b??k]
n.银行;堤坝;堆
②track
[tr?k]
n.踪迹,小路;路径;轨道;跑道
③develop
[dI?vel?p]
v.开发,发展;(使)成长,(使)发育,(使)发达;(照相)冲洗,显影
典句欣赏
1.As
a
doctor
and
a
researcher,Charles
was
absorbed
in
research
on
blood
transfusions.
作为一名医生和研究人员,查尔斯专注于输血的研究。
2.Charles’s
life
was
cut
short
by
a
car
accident
in
1950.
1950年的一场车祸让查尔斯的生命戛然而止。
3.However,his
legacy
is
still
alive
and
well
today.
然而,今天他的遗赠却依然盛行并运行良好。
理解诱思
1.What
is
the
best
title
for
the
text?
A.Charles
Drew
and
His
Family
B.Blood
Banks
Still
Alive
and
Well
C.Dr.Charles
Drew,Father
of
the
Blood
Bank
D.Institute
Named
After
Charles
Drew
2.Why
Charles
Drew
is
called
“the
father
of
the
blood
bank”?
答案:1.C
2.During
World
War
Ⅱ,Charles
helped
the
British
and
the
American
Red
Cross
develop
the
blood
bank,which
saved
many
people
wounded
in
the
war.At
that
time
he
was
known
as
“the
father
of
the
blood
bank”.
Section
Ⅰ　Warming
Up,Pre-reading,Reading
&
Comprehending
Pre-reading
一、词义匹配
A　　　　　　　　　　　B
1.suspect　　a.to
tell
people
something
about
a
decision,plans,etc.
2.blame
b.to
deal
with
a
situation,or
a
person
3.pollute
c.a
connection
between
two
or
more
people
or
things
4.handle
d.to
have
an
idea
that
somebody
is
guilty
of
something
5.link
e.to
add
dirty
things
to
land,air,or
water
6.announce
f.to
say
somebody
is
responsible
for
something
bad
答案:1.d　2.f　3.e　4.b　5.c　6.a
二、短语识义
1.expose
to
　　　　　　　?
2.link...to...　　　
　　　　　　　　?
3.put
forward
　　　　?
4.draw
a
conclusion
　　　　　　?
使显露;暴露
将……和……联系或连接起来
提出
得出结论
三、词汇延伸
1.conclude
vt.&
vi.结束;推断出→　　　　　　　　
n.结论;结束?
2.expose
vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光→　　　　　　　　
n.揭露;暴露?
3.challenge
n.挑战　vt.向……挑战→　　　　　　　　
adj.挑战性的;挑起争论的?
4.suspect
vt.怀疑　n.被怀疑者;犯罪嫌疑人→　　　　　
adj.可疑的?
5.announce
vt.宣布;通告→　　　　　　　　　
n.通告;
布告;
预告;
宣告?
6.pollute
vt.污染;弄脏→　　　　　　　
adj.受污染的?
conclusion　
exposure　
challenging　
suspected
announcement　
polluted
While-reading
四、阅读课文“JOHN
SNOW
DEFEATS
‘KING
CHOLERA’”,回答下列问题
1.Which
of
the
following
theories
did
John
Snow
believe
in?
A.A
cloud
of
dangerous
gas
would
float
around
until
it
found
its
victims.
B.People
absorbed
cholera
into
their
bodies
with
their
meals.
C.People
got
infected
with
cholera
because
of
cold
and
hunger.
D.People
suffered
from
cholera
because
they
were
not
clean.
答案:B　
2.After
John
Snow
made
further
investigations,what
did
he
find?
A.Cholera
multiplied
in
the
air.
B.People
absorbed
this
disease
into
their
bodies
with
their
meals.
C.The
water
from
the
polluted
river
was
to
blame.
D.Flies
spread
the
disease.
3.How
did
John
Snow
find
out
the
cause
of
the
disease?
A.By
living
in
the
area
where
cholera
broke
out.
B.By
marking
a
map
where
all
the
dead
people
had
lived.
C.By
telling
the
terrified
people
how
to
prevent
it.
D.By
saving
the
dying
people
suffering
from
cholera.
答案:B　
答案:C　
4.How
did
people
defeat
“King
Cholera”?
A.By
not
polluting
the
river
again.
B.By
eating
healthy
diets.
C.By
delivering
the
water
from
other
rivers.
D.By
stopping
drinking
the
polluted
water.
5.What’s
the
main
idea
of
the
passage?
A.John
Snow
was
a
well-known
doctor
in
London.
B.The
cause
of
cholera
was
the
polluted
water.
C.The
source
of
all
drinking
water
supplies
should
be
examined.
D.How
John
Snow
found
the
cause
of
cholera
and
defeated
it.
答案:D　
答案:D　
Post-reading
五、阅读课文“JOHN
SNOW
DEFEATS
‘KING
CHOLERA’”,完成下列短文
John
Snow
was
a
famous
doctor
in
London.So
expert
was
he
1.　　　　　
he
attended
Queen
Victoria
as
her
personal
physician.
But
he
became
2.　　　　　(inspire)
when
he
thought
about
3.　　　　　(help)
ordinary
people
4.　　　　　(expose)
to
cholera.This
was
a
deadly
disease
of
its
day.Neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure
was
understood.So
many
thousands
of
5.　　　　　(terrify)
people
died
every
time
there
was
6.　　　　　
outbreak.John
Snow
wanted
to
face
the
challenge
and
solve
this
problem.He
knew
that
cholera
would
never
be
controlled
7.　　　　　its
cause
was
found.In
1854
when
another
cholera
broke
out,he
began
to
gather
that　
inspired　
helping　
exposed　
terrified
an　
until　
information
and
found
the
evidence.It
seemed
that
the
8.　　　　　(pollute)
water
was
to
blame.John
Snow
suggested
the
source
of
all
the
water
9.　　　　　(supply)
should
be
examined.10.　　　　　(final)“King
Cholera”
was
defeated.?
polluted　
supplies　
Finally
1.Who
put
forward
a
theory
about
black
holes?(P1)
谁提出了关于黑洞的理论?
★考点　put
forward提出
①The
manager
put
forward
a
suggestion
that
we
should
have
an
assistant.There
is
too
much
work
to
do.
经理提出了一条建议,我们应该有个助手。要做的工作太多了。
②I
tend
to
accept
any
idea
put
forward
by
experts
on
TV.
我很容易接受电视上专家提出的任何建议。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出put
forward的含义
③Why
did
you
put
your
watch
forward
five
minutes?
含义
拨快
④I
put
your
name
forward
for
club
secretary.
含义
推荐
⑤We
have
decided
to
put
forward
the
meeting.
含义
提前
(2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义
⑥We’ve
had
to
put
our
wedding
off
until
September.
含义
推迟
⑦So,my
dad
and
I
put
on
our
new
cowboy
hats,got
on
our
horses,and
headed
slowly
towards
the
mountains.
含义
穿上
⑧We
put
away
the
tools
before
we
leave
the
workshop.
含义
收起来放好
⑨How
could
you
put
up
with
such
a
woman?
含义
忍受
put
forward提出;拨快;推荐;提前
put
aside把……放到一边;储存;不理睬
put
off推迟,延期
put
on穿;上演
put
up举起;建起;提高
?
put
away收起来放好
put
down写下
put
out生产;扑灭
put
up
with忍受,容忍
2.Draw
a
conclusion
(P1)得出结论
★考点　conclusion
n.结论
①In
the
end
the
idea
almost
always
leads
them
to
the
same
conclusion.
最终这个想法几乎总是使他们得出同样的结论。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出含conclusion的词组及其含义
②We
drew
a
conclusion
that
he
had
stolen
the
computer.
词组
draw
a
conclusion　含义
得出结论?
③In
conclusion,the
meeting
is
a
success.
词组
in
conclusion　含义
总之?
④Over
the
years
I’ve
come
to
the
conclusion
that
she’s
a
very
great
musician.
词组
come
to
the
conclusion　含义
得出结论?
(2)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性、词组及其含义
⑤It
can
be
concluded
that
restaurant
keepers
need
not
“be
overly
concerned
about
‘bad’
tables”
,given
that
they’re
profitable.
词性
动词　含义
推断
⑥The
meeting
concluded
at
8
o’clock
yesterday.
词性
动词　含义
结束
⑦What
can
you
conclude
from
the
facts?
词组
conclude
from　含义
从……推断出?
⑧To
conclude,I
wish
you
all
good
health
and
a
long
life.
词组
to
conclude　含义
最后,总之?
draw
a
conclusion得出结论
in
conclusion总之
come
to
the
conclusion得出结论
conclude
v.推断;断定;决定;结束
conclude
from从……推断出
to
conclude总之
3.JOHN
SNOW
DEFEATS
“KING
CHOLERA”(P2)
约翰·斯诺击败“霍乱王”
★考点　defeat
vt.打败;战败;使受挫
①The
enemy
was
defeated
in
a
decisive
battle.
敌人在一场决定性的战斗中被击败。
②Before
long
he
rebuilt
a
strong
army
and
defeated
the
enemy.
不久之后,他重新建立了一支强大的军队并打败了敌人。
温馨提示defeat
的含义是“击败(某人)”“战胜(某人)”,常指在战争或比赛中击败对手。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及其含义
③Six
months
after
suffering
our
defeat
on
the
spring
practice
field,we
won
our
first
game.
词性
名词(不可数名词)　含义
失败
④Can
you
still
remember
the
two
defeats?
词性
名词(可数名词)　含义
失败
温馨提示defeat泛指“失败,输”时,是不可数名词;作为“具体失败的事情”时,是可数名词。
(2)辨析beat,defeat与win的用法
beat侧重在比赛中击败对手,而defeat常指在战争中击败对手,其宾语是人;win后常接game,war,prize等词作宾语,不接人作宾语。
⑤He
defeated/beat
me
at
chess
yesterday.
昨天他在下国际象棋时击败了我。
⑥Who
won
the
game?
谁赢了那场比赛?
4.John
Snow
was
a
famous
doctor
in
London—so
expert,indeed,that
he
attended
Queen
Victoria
as
her
personal
physician.(P2)
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成了维多利亚女王的私人大夫。
剖析本句含有so...that...句式,其含义是“如此……以至于……”。其中that引导的是一个结果状语从句。
①I
didn’t
mean
to
eat
anything
but
the
ice
cream
looked
so
good
that
I
couldn’t
help
trying
it.
我本不想吃任何东西,但这支冰激凌看起来如此诱人,我忍不住尝了尝它。
②Triggering
events
for
anger
are
so
many
that
to
describe
them
all
would
take
hundreds
of
pages.
引起愤怒的事件这么多以至于要想表述清楚几百张纸也写不完。
温馨提示当“so+形容词或副词”位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。所谓的部分倒装,就是把谓语的一部分提到主语之前,也就是把be动词/情态动词/助动词提到主语之前。如:
他讲话声音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都听得见。
③He
spoke
so
loudly
that
even
people
in
the
next
room
could
hear
him.(陈述语序)
④
So
loudly
did
he
speak
that
even
people
in
the
next
room
could
hear
him.(倒装语序)
★考点　attend
vt.照顾;护理;出席;参加
⑤The
woman’s
sons
and
daughters
attend
her
every
day.
这位女士的儿女每天照顾着她。
⑥【高考典句】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)All
the
students
and
teachers
in
our
school
attended
the
activity.
我们学校所有师生都参加了这项活动。
考点延伸
辨析:take
part
in,join,join
in与attend
take
part
in
“参加,参与”,通常指参加某项集体活动,并在其中起积极的作用,可指参加工作、活动、学习等
join
指加入某组织或团体,并成为其中一员
join
in
有“参加活动,一起做某事”之意,意义相当于take
part
in
attend
作“参加”讲时,宾语通常为meeting,lecture,funeral,ceremony,church,school等
5.But
he
became
inspired
when
he
thought
about
helping
ordinary
people
exposed
to
cholera.(P2)
但当他一想到要帮助(那些)受到霍乱威胁的普通百姓时,他就感到很振奋。
剖析本句中的过去分词短语exposed
to
cholera作后置定语修饰ordinary
people。
①He
decided
to
help
the
women
exposed
to
violence.
他决心帮助那些受到暴力威胁的妇女。
★考点　expose
vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光
②She
said
social
media
firms
were
exposing
children
to
major
emotional
risks.
她说社交媒体公司正将孩子们暴露于重大的情感风险问题中。
③Don’t
expose
it
to
the
sun.
不要把它暴露在太阳下。
④We
must
expose
this
shameful
activity
to
the
newspapers.
我们一定要向报社揭露这一无耻行径。
归纳expose常与介词
to连用。
⑤The
film
has
been
exposed.
这卷胶卷曝光了。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及其含义
⑥The
cottage
is
in
a
very
exposed
position
on
the
top
of
a
hill.
词性
形容词　含义
暴露的
⑦Exposure
to
light
while
sleeping
can
increase
a
person’s
chances
of
getting
cancer.
词性
名词　含义
暴露
exposure
n.暴露;揭发
exposed
adj.暴露的
be
exposed
to使暴露在……
expose
sb./sth.to...使某人/某物暴露在……
expose
sth.揭露某事
6.Neither
its
cause
nor
its
cure
was
understood.(P2)
人们既不了解它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
剖析neither...nor...的含义是“既不……也不……”,连接单词或短语作主语时,谓语动词的形式应与nor后的部分保持一致。
①Neither
my
wife
nor
I
myself
am
able
to
persuade
my
daughter
to
change
her
mind.
我妻子和我本人都没能说服女儿改变主意。
★考点　cure
n.治愈;痊愈　vt.治愈;治疗
②There
was
no
cure,only
pain
relief.
没有治愈的办法,只能减轻痛苦。
③It
cures
their
mental
illnesses.
它治愈了他们的精神疾病。
考点延伸
(1)阅读下面句子,指出黑体词的用法
④He
went
to
the
south
for
a
cure
for
his
disease
at
a
famous
hospital.
归纳cure作为“治疗(办法)”讲时,是可数名词,常与介词for连用。
(2)辨析cure和treat的区别
cure
意为“治愈”,侧重“治愈”的结果,可构成cure
sb.of
sth.句型
treat
意为“治疗”,强调“治疗”的动作,可构成treat
sb.for
sth.句型
7.The
second
suggested
that
people
absorbed
this
disease
into
their
bodies
with
their
meals.(P2)
第二种看法是在吃饭的时候人们把这种病毒引入体内的。
剖析本句是一个复合句,其谓语动词suggest当“表明;暗示”时,其宾语从句不用虚拟语气,此时通常不用人作suggest的主语。
①Her
pale
face
suggested
that
she
was
ill.
她苍白的脸表明她生病了。
②However,the
research
suggested
that
as
they
headed
toward
their
teens,they
became
increasingly
anxious
online.
然而,研究表明,随着他们步入青少年时期,他们在网上变得更加焦虑。
考点延伸
suggest当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句多用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。如:
③All
of
them
suggested
that
the
work
(should)
be
started
at
once.
他们所有人都建议立刻开始工作。
★考点　absorb
vt.吸收;吸引;使专心
④【高考典句】(2019·全国Ⅱ高考)These
kids
are
so
absorbed
in
their
studies
that
I
just
sit
back.
这些孩子太专注于学习了,我只好袖手旁观。
⑤【高考典句】(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)In
fact,most
people
only
absorb
about
20
percent
of
a
speaker’s
message.
事实上,大多数人只吸收了演讲者20%的信息。
⑥The
book
absorbed
his
attention.
这本书吸引了他的注意力。
⑦We
both
became
absorbed
in
the
simplicity
of
playing
together.
我们两个都专注于一起玩耍的单纯。
归纳be
absorbed
in意为“专心于”。
考点延伸
阅读下面句子,指出黑体词的含义
⑧The
clever
boy
absorbed
all
the
knowledge
his
teacher
could
give
him.
含义
接受(看法、知识等)
8.It
seemed
that
the
water
was
to
blame.(P2)
看来水是罪魁祸首。
★考点　blame
vt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于　n.过失;责备
①【高考典句】(2019·北京高考)Who
is
to
blame
for
the
problem
of
robocalls?
谁应该为预录电话的问题负责?
②Don’t
blame
him.After
all,he
is
still
a
child.
不要责备他。毕竟,他还是个孩子。
③Don’t
put
the
blame
on
the
children.
不要把过失归咎于孩子们身上。
blame
sb.for
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事责备某人
be
to
blame应该受到责备
blame
sth.on
sb.把某事怪到某人头上
put/lay
the
blame
on
sb.把过失归咎于某人
take/bear
the
blame承担责任
9.He
immediately
told
the
astonished
people
in
Broad
Street
to
remove
the
handle
from
the
pump
so
that
it
could
not
be
used.(P2)
他马上叫宽街上惊慌失措的老百姓拆掉水泵的把手。这样,水泵就用不成了。
★考点一　immediately
adv.立即;马上
①【高考典句】(2020·天津高考)I
cannot
make
my
decision
immediately,but
you
will
hear
from
me
soon.
我不能立即作出决定,但你很快就会收到我的信。
②Exit
immediately
from
the
nearest
emergency
exit;do
not
use
a
lift.
立刻从最近的紧急出口离开;不要使用电梯。
归纳immediately作副词时,其同义词组为:at
once;right
away。?
考点延伸
阅读下面句子,指出黑体词的词性及其含义
③I
left
immediately
the
clock
struck
twelve.
词性
连词　含义
一……就……
★考点二　handle
n.柄;把手　vt.处理;操纵
④The
pilot
knows
how
to
handle
a
plane.
飞行员知道如何操控飞机。
⑤【高考典句】(2019·浙江高考)However,when
she
hung
up,she
regretted
the
way
she
had
handled
the
call.
然而,当她挂断电话,她后悔自己处理电话的方式。
10.With
this
extra
evidence
John
Snow
was
able
to
announce
with
certainty
that
polluted
water
carried
the
germs.(P3)
有了这个特别的证据,约翰·斯诺就能肯定地宣布,这种被污染了的水携带着病菌。
★考点　announce
vt.宣布;通告
①Everyone
was
silent
as
he
announced
the
winner
of
the
competition.
当他在宣布比赛获胜者时大家鸦雀无声。
考点延伸
(1)announce后可接that引导的宾语从句。如:
②They
announced
that
she
would
give
one
extra
song.
他们宣布说她将再唱一首歌。
(2)辨析announce和declare的区别
announce
后接名词、代词或that引导的宾语从句,意为“公布;告知”,它所涉及的是一件对方原来不知道的事
declare
declare较为正式,含有庄严宣告或交代清楚的意思,它所涉及的事不一定是对方不知道的
③He
said
the
lucky
woman
would
be
announced
on
the
website.
他说这位幸运女士将在网上公布。
④Fighting
has
been
going
on
for
a
year,but
war
has
not
yet
been
declared.
斗争已持续了一年,但并没有宣战。
(3)阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及其含义
⑤They
began
shooting
immediately
after
the
announcement.
词性
名词　含义
通知;通告
⑥His
wife,Mrs.Smith
was
an
announcer
on
TV
broadcast.
词性
名词　含义
播音员
一、写作词汇检测
用所学的单词或短语完成或翻译下列句子
1.暴露
(1)It’s
harmful
for
children
to
leave
their
skins
　　　　　　　to
the
sun.?
(2)敌人暴露在我们的枪火之下。
答案:(1)exposed　(2)The
enemy
were
exposed
to
our
gunfire.
2.提出
(1)Some
useful
advice
　　　　　　　　　　　　　at
yesterday’s
meeting.?
(2)他经常提出一些好的计划。
答案:(1)was
put
forward　(2)He
often
puts
forward
some
good
plans.
3.吸收;专心
(1)The
students
were
　　　　　　　in
doing
their
homework.?
(2)黑色衣服容易吸收光线。
答案:(1)absorbed　(2)Black
clothes
absorb
light
easily.
4.announce
老师宣布考试结果了吗?
答案:Has
the
teacher
announced
the
result
of
the
exam?
5.cure
这种药能治好你的感冒。
答案:This
medicine
could
cure
you
of
your
cold.
二、阅读词汇检测
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的含义
1.After
months
of
enquiries
we
finally
discovered
the
truth.
含义
　　　　　?
答案:询问
2.He
did
not
foresee
any
problems.
含义
　　　　　?
答案:预见
3.The
sweet
voice
is
the
characteristic
of
the
girl.
含义
　　　　　?
答案:特征
4.He
instructed
family
members
in
nursing
techniques.
含义
　　　　　　　?
答案:教授,指导
5.As
you
know,competition
for
the
job
is
severe.
含义
　　　　　　　?
答案:严峻的;激烈的
三、用适当的介词填空
1.All
of
the
teachers
are
absorbed
　　　　　　preparing
their
lessons.?
答案:in
2.Don’t
put
the
blame
　　　　　　others.?
答案:on
3.The
poor
children
are
exposed
　　　　　　terrible
fights.?
答案:to
4.Can
you
think
of
a
way
to
cure
the
patient
　　　　　　his
illness??
答案:of
5.We
are
glad
that
the
horse
is
　　　　　　control.?
答案:under
6.What
can
we
conclude
　　　　　the
study??
答案:from(共23张PPT)
Section
Ⅲ　Grammar
一、阅读下列句子,指出画线的过去分词或过去分词短语所充当的句子成分
1.They
were
frightened
at
the
sad
sight.
2.Many
used
car
are
on
sale
now,and
you
can
go
to
find
a
good
one.
3.He
seemed
surprised
and
then
his
weather-beaten
face
warmed
up
with
a
huge
smile.
4.Every
winter
in
Jukkasjarvi,Sweden,a
special
kind
of
hotel
called
the
Ice
Hotel
is
built.?
5.He
is
pleased
with
the
dish
that
I
have
cooked.
答案:1.表语　2.定语　3.表语;定语　4.定语　5.表语
二、单句填空
1.Well,his
mother
seems
　　　　　　(please)
with
his
results.?
2.My
wish
is
　　　　　　　　　(go)
to
college
some
day.?
3.What
he
likes
is
　　　　　　(read)
books.?
4.My
parents
are
very
　　　　　　　　　(disappoint)
with
my
　　　　　　　　　(disappoint)
work.?
5.He
was
　　　　　　　　(surprise)when
he
heard
what
I
said.?
6.We
should
think
of
a
way
to
clean
the
　　　　　　　(pollute)
water.?
7.I
saw
a
basket
　　　　　　(fill)
with
eggs.?
8.Let’s
go
and
calm
down
the
　　　　　　　(terrify)
people.?
9.All
of
us
became
　　　　　　(excite)at
the
　　　　　　(excite)
news.?
pleased　
to
go
reading　
disappointed
disappointing　
surprised　
polluted　
filled　
terrified
excited
exciting
三、阅读下列语篇,找出画线句子中的过去分词(短语),并说出它们所作的句子成分
Cities
usually
have
a
good
reason
for
being
where
they
are,like
a
nearby
port
or
river.1.People
settle
in
these
places
because
they
are
easy
to
get
to
and
naturally
suited
to
communications
and
trade.New
York
City,for
example,is
near
a
large
harbour
at
the
mouth
of
the
Hudson
River.Over
300
years
its
population
grew
gradually
from
800
people
to
8
million.But
not
all
cities
develop
slowly
over
a
long
period
of
time.Boom
towns
grow
from
nothing
almost
overnight.2.In
1896,Dawson,Canada,was
unmapped
wilderness(荒野).But
gold
was
discovered
there
in
1897,and
two
years
later,it
was
one
of
the
largest
cities
in
the
West,with
a
population
of
30,000.?
Dawson
did
not
have
any
of
the
natural
conveniences
of
cities
like
London
or
Paris.People
went
there
for
gold.3.They
travelled
over
snow-covered
mountains
and
sailed
hundreds
of
miles
up
icy
rivers.The
path
to
Dawson
was
covered
with
thirty
feet
of
wet
snow
that
could
fall
without
warning.An
avalanche(雪崩)once
closed
the
path,killing
63
people.For
many
who
made
it
to
Dawson,however,the
rewards
were
worth
the
difficult
trip.Of
the
first
20,000
people
who
dug
for
gold,4,000
got
rich.About
100
of
these
stayed
rich
men
for
the
rest
of
their
lives.?
But
no
matter
how
rich
they
were,Dawson
was
never
comfortable.Necessities
like
food
and
wood
were
very
expensive.But
soon,the
gold
that
Dawson
depended
on
had
all
been
found.4.The
city
was
crowded
with
disappointed
people
with
no
interest
in
settling
down,and
when
they
heard
there
were
new
gold
discoveries
in
Alaska,they
left
Dawson
City
as
quickly
as
they
had
come.Today,people
still
come
and
go—to
see
where
the
Canadian
gold
rush
happened.Tourism
is
now
the
chief
industry
of
Dawson
City—its
present
population
is
762.?
1.过去分词:　　　　?
句子成分:　　　　　?
2.过去分词:　　　　?
句子成分:　　　　　?
3.过去分词:　　　
　?
句子成分:　　　　　?
4.过去分词短语:　　　　　　　
　　　　?
句子成分:　　　　　?
过去分词:　　
　　　?
句子成分:　　　　　?
suited
表语
unmapped
定语
snow-covered
定语
crowded
with
disappointed
people
表语
disappointed
定语
课堂篇合作学习
过去分词(1)
——过去分词作定语和表语的基本用法
一、分词的概念
分词是动词的一种非谓语形式,主要起形容词和副词的作用,可以作定语、表语或状语等。分词有两种,一种是动词-ing(现在分词)形式,一种是过去分词。这两种形式在句子中能担任的成分大体相同,动词-ing形式一般表示主动和进行;过去分词一般表示被动和完成。
二、过去分词做定语和表语
表“完成”或“被动”
1.boiled(boil)
water开水
2.fallen(fall)
leaves落叶
3.the
risen(rise)
sun升起的太阳
4.selected(select)
apples精选苹果
5.spoken(speak)
English英语口语
6.iced(ice)
beer冰镇啤酒
7.cooked(cook)
food熟食
8.fried(fry)
chips炸土豆条
单个的过去分词作定语时,一般放在被修饰词语之前
(如上例),也可以放在所修饰词语的后面
9.Hurry
up!There
is
only
a
little
time
left(leave).
快点!时间不多了。
过去分词短语作定语时,须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后,功能相当于一个定语从句
10.Near
the
window,there
is
a
bookshelf
filled(fill)
with
many
books(=which
is
filled
with
many
books).
靠近窗户那里有一个装满书的书架。
11.Her
daughter,brought(bring)
up
by
me
(=who
was
brought
up
by
me)has
begun
to
work
now.
由我带大的她的女儿现在已经开始工作了。
当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语,表示主语的状态或思想感情等
12.When
we
heard
of
it,we
were
deeply
moved(move).
当我们听到这件事时,被深深地感动了。
13.He
seemed
quite
delighted(delight)
at
the
idea.
听到这个想法,他似乎很高兴。
过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。分词作表语表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示被动的动作
14.My
glasses
are
broken(break).我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
15.My
glasses
were
broken(break)
by
my
son.
我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
16.On
the
earth,70%
of
the
earth’s
surface
is
covered(cover)
with
water.
地球表面70%是被水覆盖的。(状态)
17.I
was
greatly
surprised(surprise)
by
a
knock
at
the
door.
敲门声使我大为吃惊。(动作)
三、注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况:
(1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前,也可以作后置定语,用以强调动作。
①We
needed
much
more
qualified
workers.
我们需要更多的合格的工人。
②They
decided
to
change
the
material
used.
他们决定更换使用的材料。
(2)过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面,作后置定语,其作用相当于一个定语从句。
③The
student
dressed
in
white
is
my
daughter.
=The
student
who
is
dressed
in
white
is
my
daughter.
穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
(3)如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时,即使一个单一的分词做形容词用,也要放在被修饰词的后面。
④Is
there
anything
unsolved?
还有没解决的问题吗?
⑤There
is
nothing
changed
here
since
I
left
this
town.
自从我离开这个城镇以来,这里没有什么变化。
一、阅读下列句子,并指出画线的过去分词所充当的句子成分
1.Nicolaus
Copernicus
was
frightened
and
his
mind
was
confused.
答案:表语;表语
2.The
risen
sun
is
shining
brightly
in
the
morning.
答案:定语
3.In
the
evening
he
is
buried
in
his
books.
答案:表语
4.Nine
out
of
ten
women
interviewed
about
the
product
said
they
liked
it.
答案:定语
5.My
brother
was
very
surprised
when
he
knew
the
news.
答案:表语
二、单句填空
1.Well,his
mother
seems
　　　　　　(please)
with
what
he
has
done.?
答案:pleased
2.After
the
heavy
rain,many
cars
got
　　　　　(catch)
in
the
mud.?
答案:caught
3.I
saw
a
basket
　　　　　　(fill)
with
flowers.?
答案:filled
4.Let’s
go
to
comfort
those
　　　　　　(terrify)
girls.?
答案:terrified
三、完成句子(注意过去分词做定语或表语的用法)
1.当我观看奥运会开幕式时,我感到非常激动。
When
I
watched
the
opening
ceremony
of
the
Olympic
Games,　　　　??　　　　??　　　　??　　　　??.?
答案:I
felt
very
excited
2.许多人来到事故现场悼念那些在大火中丧生的人们。
Many
people
came
to
the
accident
scene
to
mourn
for
the
people
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.?
答案:killed
in
the
big
fire
3.被队友们举起的那位运动员是他哥哥。
The
athlete
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　is
his
brother.?
答案:lifted
by
his
teammates
4.听到那位科学家获得诺贝尔奖的消息,我们都很高兴。
Hearing
the
news
that
the
scientist
won
the
Nobel
Prize,　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.
答案:all
of
us
became
pleased/delighted
5.她是一位残疾女孩,但她从未向困难低头。
She
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　,who
has
never
given
in
to
difficulties.?
答案:is
a
disabled
girl(共10张PPT)
Section
Ⅳ　Writing
建议信
建议信是高考考查的热点体裁,是针对某事向收信人提出建议或者忠告的信件。建议信有可能写给个人,就遇到的某个问题提出自己的看法和观点;也可能是写给某个组织或者机构,就改进其服务提出建议或者忠告。建议信通常简明扼要、目的明确,具有合理性和说服性。建议信通常分为三部分:
第一部分:通常简单介绍自己或者说明目的。语言要简练,注意说话的语气要委婉。
第二部分:提出建议。首先找出问题所在,肯定对方的努力或者优点,然后给出建议。
第三部分:进行总结或者鼓励,语言要文明礼貌,让人容易接受。
1.I’m
pleased
to
receive
your
letter
asking
for
my
advice
on
how
to
learn
Chinese
well.
我非常高兴收到你的来信,在信中,关于如何学好汉语你向我征求建议。
2.You’ve
asked
me
for
advice
on
how
to
learn
Chinese
and
I’ll
try
to
make
some
suggestions.
你向我征求建议如何学汉语,我将试着给你一些建议。
3.I
know
you
have
trouble
in
learning
Chinese
after
reading
your
letter.
在读了你的信后,我知道你在汉语学习上有困难。
4.I
am
writing
to
give
you
some
suggestions.
我写这封信的目的是给你一些帮助/建议。
5.As
for
learning
Chinese/When
it
comes
to
learning
Chinese,I
would
like
to
recommend/suggest
you
start
with
pinyin.
关于学汉语,我想建议你从拼音开始。
6.My
suggestions
are
as
follows./The
following
are
my
suggestions.
我的建议如下。
7.Here
are
three
useful
suggestions.
这有三条有用的建议。
8.You
may
consider
doing
the
following
things.
你不妨考虑以下办法。
9.You
may/might
as
well
have
a
try.
你不妨试一试。
10.Listening
to
Chinese
songs
is
a
better
choice.
听中文歌曲是一个更好的选择。
11.I
hope
my
suggestions
will
be
of
benefit
to
you./I
hope
you
will
find
these
suggestions
useful.
我希望我的建议对你有益。/我希望你认为这些建议有帮助。
12.I
hope
you
will
take
my
advice
into
consideration.
我希望你会考虑我的建议。
13.Personally/In
my
opinion/As
far
as
I’m
concerned,it
would
be
wise
to
take
the
following
action.
在我看来,采取如下行动是明智的。
14.It’s
high
time
that
we
took
measures
to
stop
it.
是我们采取措施制止它的时候了。
15.Only
in
this
way
can
we
solve
the
problem.
只有这样,我们才能解决问题。
假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Jim最近开始学习中文,感觉有些难,来信希望你能给他一些建议。请你给他回信,内容包括:
1.中文难学的原因;
2.你的建议及理由;
3.你的祝愿。
注意:
1.词数不少于100;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
写作思路小结:
本题是一封朋友之间的私人邮件,讲述了英国的朋友学中文遇到困难,需要一些建议,本文可分为三段:
第一段:要对朋友学习中文表示鼓励,表达自己愿意提供建议的心情;
第二段:说明中文难学的原因,提出学好中文的建议;
第三段:表达你的祝愿和继续提供帮助或者建议的美好心愿。
Dear
Jim,
I’m
pleased
to
receive
your
letter
asking
for
my
advice
on
how
to
learn
Chinese
well.You
say
you
find
Chinese
difficult
to
learn.I
quite
understand
you.Chinese
grammar
is
totally
different
from
English
grammar.That
definitely
brings
you
more
trouble.I’ll
try
to
make
some
suggestions,which
are
as
follows.
First
of
all,I
suggest
you
start
with
pinyin,which
will
help
you
know
how
to
read
Chinese
characters.In
addition,making
friends
with
Chinese
students
is
a
good
idea.In
this
way,you
can
communicate
with
them
and
understand
the
language
better.What’s
more,listening
to
Chinese
songs
or
watching
Chinese
movies
will
also
help
a
lot.The
more
you
are
exposed
to
the
language,the
more
familiar
you
will
get
with
it.I
hope
you
will
find
these
suggestions
useful.
I
wish
you
every
success
in
learning
the
language!If
you
have
any
further
questions,feel
free
to
ask.
Good
luck!
Yours,
Li
Hua(共30张PPT)
单元总结
重点词汇
1.　　　　　　
forward提出;拨快;推荐?
put
off推迟;put
away收拾好;put
up
with忍受;put
up举起;搭起
例如:They
　　　　　　　　　(提出)
a
very
good
suggestion
at
the
meeting.?
2.conclusion
n.　　　　　?
draw
a
conclusion得出结论;conclude
from从……中得出结论
to
conclude最后;总之;in
conclusion
最后;总之
例如:　　　　　　　　　　　　(最后),he
told
us
he
wanted
to
stay
with
us.?
?
put
put
forward
结论,结束
To
conclude
/In
conclusion
3.attend
vt.　　　　　　　　　　　?
attend
to处理;料理;attend
(on)
sb.照料、护理某人
例如:Could
you
　　　　　　　　　　　　(处理)
this
matter
at
once??
4.absorb
vt.　　　　　　　　　　　?
be
absorbed
in...专心于……;absorb
oneself
in...专心于……
5.　　　　　　
vt.暴露;揭露;使曝光?
expose
oneself
to
sb.’s
influence使自己受某人的影响
be
exposed
to
sth.接触某物
expose
sth.to
sb.向某人揭发某事
例如:Do
you
want
to
　　　　??　　　　??　　　　??　　　　?(向老板揭露这件事情)??
照顾;护理;出席;参加
attend
to
吸收;吸引;使专心
expose
expose
the
thing
to
the
boss　
6.blame
vt.　　　　　　　　
n.　　　　　　　　?
blame
sb.for
(doing)
sth.因(做)某事责备某人
blame
sth.on
sb.把某事归咎于某人
be
to
blame
(for)
sth.应(为某事)承担责任
例如:Do
you
know
who
　　　　　　　　　(应承担责任)
for
it??
7.contribute
vt.&
vi.　　　　　　　　　　　?
contribution
n.捐献;贡献;投稿
contribute
(...)
to...把(……)捐赠/投稿至……
contribute
to...促成,有助于
例如:He
is
always
ready
　　　　　　　　　　(捐献)
for
the
poor.?
责备;谴责
过失;责备
is
to
blame
捐献;贡献;捐助
to
contribute
8.　　　　　　　　　除了……外?
同义词(组):besides,in
addition
to,except,except
for
9.reject
vt.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
同义词:refuse,decline
apart
from
拒绝;不接受;抛弃;丢弃
重点句型
1.Neither
its
cause,　　　　　　
its
cure
was
understood.?
人们既不了解它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
2.　　　　　　　　　　　　the
water
was
to
blame.?
看来水是罪魁祸首。
3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　to
ignore
them,all
his
mathematical
calculations
led
to
the
same
conclusion
that
the
earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.?
虽然他曾试着不去理睬那些数字,然而他所有的数学计算都得出了一个相同的结论:地球不是太阳系的中心。
nor　
It
seemed
that　
Although
he
had
tried
4.　　　　　　　　　you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.?
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
Only
if
重点语法
过去分词作定语和表语
1.过去分词作定语
Remember
not
to
drink
the
　　　　　　　　　　.?
记住不要喝那些被污染了的水。
2.过去分词作表语
All
of
them
are
　　　　　　　in
what
they
are
doing.?
他们对他们正在做的事情感兴趣。
polluted
water
interested
功能
Talking
about
scientific
job
(谈论科学工作)
1.What
kind
of
scientific
job
do
you
want
to
do?(你想做哪种科学工作?)
2.What
personality
will
be
needed?(需要具备什么品格?)
3.What
work
experience
would
be
useful?(什么样的工作经历是有用的?)
4.Why
are
you
so
interested
in
this
job?(你为什么对这项工作如此感兴趣?)
5.How
long
will
the
training
take?(培训将花费多长时间?)
6.What
education
will
you
need?(你需要何种教育?)
7.How
will
you
prepare
for
this
career?(你应怎样为这项事业做准备?)
Describing
people
(描述人物)
1.How
will
I
recognize
you?(我将怎样认出你?)
2.What
will
you
wear?(你将穿什么衣服?)
3.How
will
I
know
you?(我怎样才知道是你?)
4.What
do
you
look
like?(你长得什么样子?)
5.What
special
features
do
you
have?(你有什么特别的特征?)
6.You
can
recognize
me
because...(你能够认出我,因为……)
7.I’m
tall/short,fat/thin,young/old...(我个子高/矮、体形胖/瘦、年轻/年老……)
8.I
have
large/small,brown/green/black
eyes...　(我有大/小、棕色/绿色/黑色的眼睛……)
浅谈七选五阅读理解的解题策略
七选五阅读理解是一篇大约300词的短文,有五个正确选项和两个干扰选项。考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力和上下文的逻辑判断能力。选项的设题形式主要以标题概括、段首大意、过渡句和情节中的细节句为主。
一、
词汇复现法
复现不是指词语的简单再现,而是指某个词语可能以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形式出现。如read,reading,reader。有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。做题时,要观察选项中是否有与文章空格处的上下文有复现的词汇,根据复现的词汇,结合上下文的逻辑关系,做出正确的选择。
【例1】
Color
is
fundamental
in
home
design—something
you’ll
always
have
in
every
room.A
grasp
of
how
to
manage
color
in
your
spaces
is
one
of
the
first
steps
to
creating
rooms
you’ll
love
to
live
in.Do
you
want
a
room
that’s
full
of
life?Professional?Or
are
you
just
looking
for
a
place
to
relax
after
a
long
day?　　　,color
is
the
key
to
making
a
room
feel
the
way
you
want
it
to
feel.?
A.While
all
of
them
are
useful
B.Whatever
you’re
looking
for
C.If
you’re
experimenting
with
a
color
D.Small
color
choices
are
the
ones
we’re
most
familiar
with
E.It’s
not
really
a
good
idea
to
use
too
many
small
color
pieces
F.So
it
pays
to
be
sure,because
you
want
to
get
it
right
the
first
time
G.Color
choices
in
this
range
are
a
step
up
from
the
small
ones
in
two
major
ways
【剖析】B　根据上文的三个问句,尤其是“Or
are
you
just
looking
for
a
place
to
relax
after
a
long
day?”可知,B项可起到承上启下的作用。其中looking
for构成同义复现。
二、词汇指代法
英语表达中,有时会用代词或定冠词来指代前面提及的名词或是前面的一个句子,如it,they,this,these,the,all等。由此可以得知前面指代的名词的数。分析逻辑关系时也要注意这些代词所指代的内容。
【例2】
Over
the
years,there
have
been
a
number
of
different
techniques
to
help
designers
approach
this
important
point.　　　,they
can
get
a
little
complex.But
good
news
is
that
there’re
really
only
three
kinds
of
decisions
you
need
to
make
about
color
in
your
home:the
small
ones,the
medium
ones,and
the
large
ones.?
A.While
all
of
them
are
useful
B.Whatever
you’re
looking
for
C.If
you’re
experimenting
with
a
color
D.Small
color
choices
are
the
ones
we’re
most
familiar
with
E.It’s
not
really
a
good
idea
to
use
too
many
small
color
pieces
F.So
it
pays
to
be
sure,because
you
want
to
get
it
right
the
first
time
G.Color
choices
in
this
range
are
a
step
up
from
the
small
ones
in
two
major
ways
【剖析】A　根据上文提到的“...there
have
been
a
number
of
different
techniques...”可知,A项可以承接上文,其中的“all
of
them”指的就是“a
number
of
different
techniques”。
三、语境分析法
段落中挖空的句子通常在语境和逻辑关系方面和上下文有密切的关系,所以确定正确选项的方法是所选的选项应该在语境方面和原文中的上下文无缝连接,无论在文意上,还是说话者的语气上都应保持一致。
【例3】
Have
you
ever
visited
a
garden
that
seemed
just
right
for
you,where
the
atmosphere
of
the
garden
appeared
to
total
more
than
the
sum(总和)
of
its
parts?　　　.But
it
doesn’t
happen
by
accident.It
starts
with
looking
inside
yourself
and
understanding
who
you
are
with
respect
to
the
natural
world
and
how
you
approach
the
gardening
process.?
A.Know
why
you
garden
B.Find
a
good
place
for
your
own
garden
C.It’s
our
experience
of
the
garden
that
matters
D.It’s
delightful
to
see
so
many
beautiful
flowers
E.Still
others
may
simply
enjoy
being
outdoors
and
close
to
plants
F.You
can
produce
that
kind
of
magical
quality
in
your
own
garden,too
G.For
each
of
those
gardens,write
down
the
strongest
memory
you
have
【剖析】F　此句为过渡句,承上启下。根据下文的“But
it
doesn’t
happen
by
accident.”可知,此处要表示自己也能创造出这种效果。故F项合适。
四、关联词语推断法
英语的段落之间、句子之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接或过渡,以使文章更加连贯,表达更加清楚,因此文章中表示各种逻辑关系的关联词在选择答案时都是很好的线索。常见的关联词有:
因果关系:so,therefore,thus,accordingly,consequently,as
a
result等。
条件关系:as(so)long
as,on
condition
that,if,unless等。
并列关系:first,second,third...;firstly,secondly,thirdly...;first,next,then...;in
the
first
place,in
the
second
place...;for
one
thing,for
another
thing...等。
转折关系:however,nevertheless,though,yet,otherwise,instead等。
对比关系:on
the
contrary,in
contrast,by
contrast,in
comparison,by
comparison等。
层递关系:also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in
addition,what’s
more等。
解释关系:for
example,for
instance,in
fact,actually等。
总结说明:in
conclusion,in
short,to
sum
up,to
conclude,in
a
word等。
定义关系:namely,in
other
words,that
is
to
say,or
rather等。
【例4】Finally,you
never
know
what
wonderful
idea
might
strike
while
your
mind
has
moved
slowly
away.　　?
Always
remember
that
your
best
ideas
might
come
when
your
head
is
actually
in
the
clouds.
E.It
involves
slow,steady
breathing
for
self-control
that
helps
people
stay
calm
and
attentive.
F.Daydreams
are
often
very
simple
and
direct,quite
unlike
sleep
dreams,which
may
be
hard
to
understand.
G.Therefore,it’s
a
good
idea
to
keep
a
notebook
or
voice
recorder
nearby
when
you’re
in
the
daydream
zone.
【剖析】G　本文介绍了白日做梦的利与弊,并指出在人类历史上有许多伟大想法或成就都是白日做梦促成的。这里说的是你永远也不知道是否在做白日梦的过程中会产生一些好的主意。段尾挖空内容通常是结论、概括性语句。选项G中的“to
keep
a
notebook
or
voice
recorder
nearby”就解决了上句话中提出的问题,同时Therefore也起到了衔接作用,故答案为G项。
【语篇导读】每个人的心中都有一个探索未知的梦想。布鲁斯·贝克斯勒总是梦想去人类从未到过的地方,开辟一块未经探索的土地。2015年,他与澳大利亚和美国的科学家在新几内亚岛发现了一个稀有的外来物种,并实现了自己的梦想。
For
many
years,Bruce
Bexler
dreamed
of
going
where
no
human
had
gone
before.He
wanted
to
cut①
a
path
through
unexplored
lands
and
discover
rare
species.
That
might
sound
like
an
impossible
dream,but
Bexler
turned
it
into
reality.?
In
December
2015,he
and
a
team
of
Australian
and
American
scientists
ventured
into
an
isolated
tropical
rain-forest
on
the
island
of
New
Guinea.They
were
the
first
people
ever
to
enter
the
mist-covered
region.“As
time
was
limited,we
were
dropped②
in
by
helicopter.Once
we
were
on
the
ground,there
were
no
trails
anywhere;it
was
really
hard
to
get
around,”
Bexler
says.
Within
minutes
of
landing,the
team
spotted
a
black
chicken-like
bird
with
strange
orange
skin
hanging
from
its
neck.The
scientists
soon
determined
that
the
unusual
creature
was
a
type
of
honeyeaters—the
first
new
bird
species
to
be
sighted③
on
New
Guinea
in
60
years.
The
honeyeater
wasn’t
the
only
surprise
for
the
scientists.They
discovered
more
than
40
previously
unknown
plant
and
animal
species—13
birds
of
paradise,20
frogs,four
butterflies,and
five
palms.“We
were
like
kids
in
a
candy
store,”
Bexler
recalls.“Everywhere
we
looked,we
saw
amazing
things
we
had
never
seen
before.”?
The
newfound
species
didn’t
shy
away
from
the
scientists.Two
long-nosed
echidnas—primitive
egg-laying
mammals—let
the
visitors
pick
them
up
and
take
them
back
to
camp
to
study
them.An
echidna
looks
like
a
hedgehog
and
is
also
called
a
spiny
anteater.
Bexler
thinks
the
animals
weren’t
scared
because
they
had
never
seen
humans
before.“In
almost
all
parts
of
New
Guinea,animals
are
hunted
for
food,and
because
of
this,they
are
very
cautious
of
people,”
he
explains.“This
area
gives
scientists
a
place
where
they
can
go
to
study
the
behaviours
of
animals
that
have
not
yet
learned
to
be
afraid
of
people.”?
Scientists
believe
the
area
is
probably
the
largest
untouched
forest
in
Asia.Local
people
called
Kwerba
hunt
and
collect
plants
from
the
outer
edges
of
the
forest
but
told
Bexler
that
not
even
their
ancestors
had
gone
so
far
into
the
woods.The
wooded
area
is
approximately
a
10-day
walk
from
the
nearest
village.
Bexler
and
his
team
did
not
have
enough
time
during
the
expedition
to
study
the
area
completely.They
hope
to
return
and
expect
to
record
many
more
undiscovered
species.“We
just
scratched
the
surface,”
Bexler
says.“Anyone
who
goes
there
will
come
back
with
a
mystery.”
词海拾贝
①cut
[k?t]
n.切,割;减少,降低;删减;裁剪样式
v.切,割;削减;与……相交;使(某人)感到疼痛或痛苦
②drop
[dr?p]
v.落下,投下;(使)降低,减少,减弱;让人下车,卸下货物　n.滴,滴状物;微量;降落;空投物
③sight
[saIt]
n.视力;看见;眼界;情景;风景,名胜　v.看见,发现
典句欣赏
①That
might
sound
like
an
impossible
dream,but
Bexler
turned
it
into
reality.
那或许听起来像是一个不能实现的梦想,但是贝克斯勒把它变成了现实。
②Everywhere
we
looked,we
saw
amazing
things
we
had
never
seen
before.
我们所看之处,都会发现我们以前没有见过的神奇的事物。
③This
area
gives
scientists
a
place
where
they
can
go
to
study
the
behaviours
of
animals
that
have
not
yet
learned
to
be
afraid
of
people.
这个地区让科学家们有了一个可以研究动物习性的地方,这些动物迄今为止还没学会害怕人类。(共51张PPT)
Section
Ⅱ　Learning
about
Language,
Using
Language,Summing
Up
&
Learning
Tip
一、词义匹配
　A　　　　　　　　　B
1.construct　　a.besides,except
for
2.apart
from
b.the
whole
of
space
and
everything
in
it,including
the
earth,the
planets
and
the
stars
3.cautious
c.to
build
something
4.universe
d.to
refuse
to
accept,use,or
believe
something
or
someone
5.reject
e.showing
or
having
caution;careful
答案:1.c　2.a　3.e　4.b　5.d
二、短语识义
1.apart
from
　　　　　　　　?
2.make
sense
　　　　　　　　?
3.(be)
strict
with
　　　　　　　?
除……之外;此外
有意义;讲得通
对……严格
三、词汇延伸
1.construct
vt.修建;建设→　　　　　　　　　
n.建设;修建?
2.contribute
vt.&
vi.捐献;贡献;捐助→　　　　　　　
n.捐献;贡献;捐助?
3.responsible
adj.有责任的;负责的→　　　　　　　　
n.责任;负责?
4.　　　　　　
v.移动;运动→movement
n.移动;运动;动作?
5.　　　　　　
v.创造→creative
adj.有创造力的;创造性的;独创的?
6.universe
n.宇宙;世界→　　　　　　　
adj.普遍的;共同的?
construction　
contribution　
responsibility　
move　
create　
universal
四、根据对话情景和内容,从对话后所给的选项中选出能填入每一空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两个为多余选项
Jack:Hi,Frank.
Frank:Hi,Jack.
Jack:　1　?
Frank:Yes,I
have
some
books
to
read,but
I
can
do
it
later.
Jack:I
want
you
to
do
me
a
favour.
Frank:Go
ahead.　2　?
Jack:Professor
Smith
is
coming
this
afternoon.I
am
expected
to
meet
him
at
the
airport,but
I
have
an
important
meeting
to
attend.
Frank:I
can
do
it
for
you.　3　?
Jack:He’s
about
your
age,in
his
early
thirties.Tall
and
handsome.
Frank:　4　?
Jack:Oh,at
about
three
o’clock.He
is
taking
Flight
231
from
Detroit.Thank
you.
Frank:　5　?
A.See
you
this
afternoon.
B.How
can
I
recognize
him?
C.What
do
you
want
me
to
do?
D.Are
you
free
this
afternoon?
E.When
should
I
leave
for
the
airport?
F.I
am
honoured
to
meet
the
famous
professor.
G.Are
you
going
to
the
meeting
this
afternoon?
答案:1~5
DCBEF
五、阅读课文“COPERNICUS’
REVOLUTIONARY
THEORY”,回答下列问题
1.What
made
Copernicus
frightened
and
confused?
A.The
fact
that
the
earth
was
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
B.The
conclusion
that
the
sun
was
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.
C.The
fact
that
the
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
D.The
fact
that
God
made
the
world.
答案:B　
2.Why
didn’t
Copernicus
publish
his
theory
immediately?
A.Because
he
didn’t
think
it
was
complete.
B.Because
he
was
afraid
of
being
attacked
by
the
Christian
Church.
C.Because
his
friends
forbade
him
to
do
so.
D.Because
no
one
supported
his
ideas.
3.When
did
Copernicus
publish
his
theory?
A.After
his
death.
B.Before
he
told
his
friends
about
it.
C.In
1543.
D.Copernicus’
theory
was
never
published.
答案:B　
答案:C　
4.All
the
following
make
it
strange
if
the
earth
was
the
centre
of
the
solar
system
except
that
　　　.?
A.some
planets
in
the
sky
seemed
to
stop
or
move
backward
B.some
planets
in
the
sky
appeared
brighter
at
times
and
less
bright
at
others
C.some
planets
in
the
sky
seemed
to
go
forward
in
a
loop
D.the
sun
goes
around
the
earth
5.What’s
the
Christian
Church’s
attitude
towards
Copernicus’
theory?
A.The
Christian
Church
objected
to
Copernicus’
theory.
B.The
Christian
Church
was
in
favour
of
Copernicus’
theory.
C.The
Christian
Church
paid
much
attention
to
the
theory.
D.The
Christian
Church
thought
highly
of
Copernicus’
theory.
答案:A　
答案:D　
1.contribute
vt.&
vi.捐献;贡献;捐助(P4)
①Many
warm-hearted
people
contributed
some
money
to
the
poor
village.
许多热心肠的人为那个贫穷的村庄捐献了一些钱。
②【高考典句】(2020·全国Ⅱ高考)Emoji
can
contribute
directly
to
that
positive
outcome.
表情符号可以直接促成积极的结果。
③When
someone
is
in
great
trouble,all
of
us
should
contribute
to
help
him
out.
当有人面临巨大困难时,我们都应该进行捐助,帮他摆脱困境。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词的词性及其含义
④I’ve
been
asked
to
contribute
an
article
to
the
language
magazine.
词性
及物动词　含义
为……撰稿
⑤Fresh
air
and
exercise
contribute
to
our
health.
词性
不及物动词　含义
有助于
⑥Our
appetite
for
new
products
also
contributes
to
the
problem.
词性
不及物动词　含义
导致
⑦Who
made
a
great
contribution
to
the
civil-rights
movement
in
the
US?
词性
名词　含义
贡献?
归纳make
a
contribution
to/towards...的含义是“为……做贡献”。
contribute...to...对……做出贡献;给……撰稿;有助于;导致
contribute
to捐献;促成,有助于
contribution
n.贡献
make
a
contribution
to/towards为……做贡献
2.Apart
from
the
construction
mentioned
above,you
have
also
learned
the
following
phrases.(P4)
除了上面提到的结构,你们还学过以下短语。
★考点　apart
from除……之外;此外
①Everyone
apart
from
Mom
had
gone
home.
除了妈妈,大家都回家了。
②Apart
from
some
spelling
mistakes,the
composition
is
fairly
good.
除了一些拼写错误,这篇文章写得很不错。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,注意黑体词或词组的意义或用法
③She
understands
Japanese
besides/apart
from
English.
=In
addition
to
English,she
understands
Japanese.
除了英语之外,她还懂日语。
besides和in
addition
to同义,表示
“除……之外(还)”。
④He
gets
up
early
every
day
except/apart
from
Sunday.
除星期天外,他每天早起。
⑤The
room
was
very
cold
and,except
for/apart
from
Jack,entirely
empty.
这个房间很冷,而且除了杰克,完全是空荡荡的。
except
for的宾语与叙述对象完全是两回事,通常肯定整体,用except
for引出部分不足。
⑥Everyone
attended
the
meeting
but/except/apart
from
Mary.
大家都出席了这次会议,但玛丽不在其列。
归纳but常可与except互换,强调“其宾语不在其中”。
apart
from的含义主要依据上下文而定,常与besides,in
addition
to,except
for等换用。
?
3.Although
he
had
tried
to
ignore
them,all
his
mathematical
calculations
led
to
the
same
conclusion
that
the
earth
was
not
the
centre
of
the
solar
system.(P7)
虽然他曾经试着不去理睬那些数字,然而他所有的数学计算都得出一个相同的结论:地球不是太阳系的中心。
剖析1本句中含有一个although引导的让步状语从句。
①【高考典句】(2019·北京高考)Although
she
founded
her
company
early
on
in
life,she
wasn’t
driven
primarily
by
profit.
尽管她早年就创立了自己的公司,但她最主要的并不是追逐利润。
注意:引导让步状语从句的词或短语还有:though,while,even
if/though,however,whatever,no
matter
what等。
②【高考典句】(2020·天津高考)Even
though
it
is
not
your
style,that
doesn’t
mean
it
is
bad.
即使它不是你的风格,也不意味着它就是不好的。
剖析2主句中led
to的宾语conclusion之后的内容是一个同位语从句,用来说明其内容。在hope,wish,information,news,suggestion,advice,thought,evidence,possibility等名词后,常跟同位语从句说明其内容。
③The
possibility
that
there
is
life
on
other
planets
in
the
universe
has
always
inspired
scientists
to
explore
the
outer
space.
宇宙中其他行星上存在生命的可能性一直激励着科学家们去探索外部太空。
④He
expressed
his
hope
that
he
could
visit
China
again
one
day.
他表达了他的愿望,他希望有一天能再次参观中国。
4.Only
if
you
put
the
sun
there
did
the
movements
of
the
other
planets
in
the
sky
make
sense.(P7)
只有当你把太阳放在那儿(中心位置上),天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
剖析if在句中引导状语从句;only放在句首用来加强语气。本句是一个倒装句。为了加强语气,only修饰状语或状语从句并置于句首时,句子或主句需要用部分倒装语序。
①Only
after
a
year
of
friendly
discussion
did
Ms.Garza
finally
say
yes.
只有在经历了一年的友好讨论之后,加尔扎女士才最终同意。
②Only
when
Lily
walked
into
the
office
did
she
realize
that
she
had
left
the
contract
at
home.
只有当莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
考点延伸
only虽然位于句首,但如果后面接的不是状语而是句子的主语,句子就不用倒装。
③Only
she
can
do
it
well.
只有她能够把这件事情做好。
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义和用法
④Use
a
fire
extinguisher
only
if
you
have
been
trained
to
do
so.
含义
只有;只要,该词组通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句。
⑤If
only
I
hadn’t
driven
so
fast!
含义
但愿;要是……就好了,该词组通常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。
only
if
“只有,只要”,通常引导陈述语气的真实条件句
if
only“但愿;要是……就好了”,通常引导虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句
★考点　make
sense讲得通;有意义
⑥His
strange
habit
makes
sense
when
you
consider
that
he’s
an
environmental
scientist
who
studies
how
to
reduce
litter.
当你考虑到他是一个研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家时,他奇怪的习惯就讲得通了。
⑦His
argument
does
not
make
sense.
他的争论没有意义。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词组的含义
⑧Can
you
make
sense
of
what
the
teacher
is
saying?
含义
理解;明白
⑨The
boy
has
a
good
sense
of
smell/touch/hearing/taste/sight.
含义
嗅觉/触觉/听觉/味觉/视觉
⑩You
have
done
a
good
deed
in
a
sense.
含义
在某种意义上
This
might
sound
like
common
sense.
含义
常识
make
sense
讲得通;有意义
make
sense
of理解,明白
a
sense
of
smell/touch/hearing/taste/sight
嗅觉/触觉/听觉/味觉/视觉
in
a
sense在某种意义上
common
sense常识
5.He
placed
a
fixed
sun
at
the
centre
of
the
solar
system
with
the
planets
going
round
it
and
only
the
moon
still
going
round
the
earth.(P7)
他把一个固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心,所有的行星围绕它转动,同时也只有月球依然绕着地球转动。
剖析with
the
planets
going
round
it
是with复合结构,在句子中作
状语。
注意:with复合结构由“with+复合宾语”组成,常在句中作状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等,也可作定语。
考点延伸
阅读下列句子,指出with复合结构的构成形式
①With
prices
going
up
so
fast,we
can’t
afford
a
car.
构成形式
with+名词或代词+动词-ing形式
②I
sat
in
my
room
for
a
few
minutes
with
my
eyes
fixed
on
the
ceiling.
构成形式
with+名词或代词+过去分词
③I
like
to
sleep
with
the
windows
open.
构成形式
with+名词或代词+形容词
④Suddenly,he
saw
a
car
with
its
bright
lights
on.
构成形式
with+名词或代词+副词
⑤With
a
lot
of
work
to
do,he
wasn’t
allowed
to
go
out.
构成形式
with+名词或代词+动词不定式
⑥An
hour
later,I
woke
up
suddenly
with
the
solution
clearly
in
mind.
构成形式
with+名词或代词+介词短语
with复合结构的构成形式:
1.with+名词或代词+动词-ing形式
2.with+名词或代词+过去分词
3.with+名词或代词+形容词
4.with+名词或代词+介词短语
5.with+名词或代词+副词
6.with+名词或代词+动词不定式
6.The
Christian
Church
rejected
his
theory,saying
it
was
against
God’s
idea
and
people
who
supported
it
would
be
attacked.(P7)
基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论,说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意,并且支持这种理论的人会受到打击。
剖析1动词-ing短语saying
it
was
against...在句中作伴随状语。
①Everyone
was
silent,waiting
to
see
who
would
be
called
upon
to
read
his
or
her
paragraph
aloud.
大家都安静下来,等待着看看谁会被叫到大声朗读他/她的段落。
剖析2who引导的定语从句who
supported
it修饰名词people。
②A
rescue
worker
risked
his
life
saving
two
tourists
who
had
been
trapped
in
the
mountains
for
two
days.
一名救援人员冒着生命危险救出了被困山中两天的两名游客。
★考点　reject
vt.
拒绝;不接受;抛弃
③I
don’t
want
to
reject
any
help.
我不想拒绝任何帮助。
④We
rejected
his
idea.
我们没有接受他的想法。
⑤Choose
the
good
apples
and
reject
the
bad
ones.
挑好的苹果,把坏的扔掉。
考点延伸
辨析reject与refuse的区别
reject表示“拒不接受,不采纳”,后直接跟名词或代词作宾语,不能跟不定式,其语气较强。因为某物不令人满意、有缺陷或无用而被拒绝,暗示无条件地拒绝,一般是直截了当地表达。
refuse表示“拒绝”,后接动词不定式,可用人或物作主语,通常暗示决心且常带有粗鲁之意。
⑥Our
plan
has
been
rejected.
我们的计划遭到拒绝。
⑦He
refused
to
answer
any
question.
他拒绝回答任何问题。
一、写作词汇检测
根据每一组的提示词,完成或翻译下列句子
1.contribute
(1)The
great
scientists
have
　　　　　to
our
country.?
(2)他经常给一家著名的杂志投稿。
答案:(1)contributed　(2)He
often
contributes
to
a
famous
magazine.
2.conclude
(1)To
　　　　　,I’d
like
to
express
my
thanks
to
my
family.?
(2)我很快得出结论,她在说谎。
答案:(1)conclude　(2)I
soon
came
to
the
conclusion
that
she
was
lying.
3.reject
(1)—Has
the
young
man
　　　　　his
manager’s
help??
—Yes.He
wants
to
depend
on
himself.
(2)他们拒绝接受那位科学家的理论。
答案:(1)rejected　(2)They
rejected
that
scientist’s
theory.
4.make
sense
of
你能理解这篇文章吗?
答案:Can
you
make
any
sense
of
this
article?
5.apart
from
除你之外,我几乎不认识村里的任何人。
答案:I
hardly
know
anyone
in
the
village
apart
from
you.
二、阅读词汇检测
阅读下列句子,指出黑体词或词组的含义
1.Tom
was
very
enthusiastic
about
learning
about
his
country’s
history.
含义
　　　　　　　　　　　?
答案:对……热情/狂热
2.A
cautious
driver
never
drives
his
car
too
fast.
含义
　　　　　　　　　?
答案:谨慎的
3.The
middle-aged
woman
looked
backward
over
her
shoulder.
含义
　　　　　　　　　?
答案:向后地
4.The
new
railway
station
is
under
construction.
含义
　　　　　?
答案:建设
5.You
will
want
to
continue
to
focus
on
positive
choices.
含义
　　　　　　　　　?
答案:积极的
三、单句填空
1.Many
other
children
are
interested
in
science
apart
　　　　Jack
and
Tom.?
答案:from
2.Will
you
help
me
prepare
　　　　　　the
get-together
of
the
old
classmates??
答案:for
3.Big
houses
can
in
　　　　　sense
bring
richness
of
life.?
答案:a
4.He
was
punished
　　　　　　refusing
to
answer
their
questions.?
答案:for
5.It
was
the
language
that
helped
shape
the
way
I
made
sense
　　　　　the
world.?
答案:of
6.The
two
families
linked
　　　　　through
the
marriage
of
their
daughter
and
son.?
答案:up
7.We’re
going
to
be
meeting
there
　　　　　　a
regular
basis.?
答案:on
8.Small
towns
in
South
India
serve
　　　　　　economic
and
cultural
centres
for
the
surrounding
villages.?
答案:as
9.　　　　　　
times
I
make
mistakes
when
I
speak
English.?
答案:At
10.His
actions
could
lead
　　　　　　him
losing
his
job.?
答案:to

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