资源简介

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考英语传统文化考点素材
TOC
\o
"1-2"
\h
\u
第一部分：中国节日
-
2
-
一．春节Spring
Festival
-
2
-
二．元宵节the
Lantern
Festival
-
2
-
三．端午节Dragon
Boat
Festival
-
3
-
四．中秋节Mid-Autumn
Festival
-
5
-
五．七夕节Qiqiao
Festival
（the
Chinese
Valentine’s
Day）
-
8
-
第二部分
中国文化元素
-
9
-
一.
长城（The
Great
Wall）
-
9
-
二.
饺子（Dumplings）
-
10
-
三.
筷子（Chinese
Chopsticks）
-
10
-
四.?中国功夫（Chinese
kung
fu）
-
13
-
五.?汉字（Chinese
characters）
-
15
-
六.
秧歌舞（Yangko）
-
16
-
七.
针灸（Acupuncture）
-
17
-
八.
中国龙（Chinese
Dragon）
-
17
-
九.
中国印章（Chinese
Seal）
-
18
-
十.?京剧（Chinese
Beijing
Opera）
-
19
-
十一.?中国成语（Chinese
Idioms）
-
20
-
十二.
丝绸（Silk）
-
20
-
十三.中国园林
Chinese
Classical
Garden
-
21
-
十四.文房四宝（The
Four
Treasures
of
the
Study）
-
22
-
十五.
中国印章（Chinese
Seal）
-
22
-
十六.
天干地支（Chinese
Era）
-
23
-
十七．中国画（The
Chinese
paitings）
-
24
-
十八.中西医(Chinese
Medicine)
-
24
-
十九．书法艺术（The
Art
of
Calligraphy
）
-
25
-
二十.放风筝（Kite-flying）
-
26
-
第三部分、中华习俗
-
26
-
一．餐桌礼仪Table
Manners（1）
-
26
-
二．餐桌礼仪Table
Manners（2）
-
27
-
三.中国人崇尚的颜色China’s
Favorite
Colors
-
30
-
四．喝茶The
Tea-Drinking（1）
-
31
-
五.The
Tea-Drinking（2）
喝茶
-
32
-
六．The
Secret
of
Numbers
数字的秘密
-
33
-
七．美食的色相The
Color
of
Food
-
33
-
第一部分：中国节日
一．春节Spring
Festival
⑴It
falls
on
the
first
day
of
the
first
lunar
month（阴历正月）.2-1-c-n-j-y
⑵People
follow
many
national
and
local
customs.
⑶We
paste
spring
poems
(贴春联)with
luck
words
on
the
door.
⑷We
eat
delicious
fo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)od
with
symbolic
values（有象征意义的美味食品），for
example,
chicken
for
good
luck.
⑸We
exchange
greetings
with
friends
and
relatives.
⑹People
may
give
children
lucky
money
in
red
paper.
⑴阴历的正月初一是春节。
⑵人们延续很多传统习俗。
⑶我们在门上贴春联。
⑷我们吃有象征意义的美味食品，比如鸡肉。
⑸我们相互拜年问候。
⑹人们给小孩压岁钱。
二．元宵节the
Lantern
Festival
⑴It
comes
on
the
15th
of
the
first
lunar
month.
⑵It
marks
the
end
of
the
Spring
Festival.
⑶On
that
day,
people
eat
sweet
dumplings
for
good
luck.www.21-cn-jy.com
⑷Special
activities
i
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nclude
the
display
of
lanterns（灯笼）and
riddle
solving（猜灯谜）.
⑴元宵节在农历的正月十五。
⑵它标志着春节的结束。
⑶那一天，人们吃汤圆，以求吉祥如意。
⑷有些特色的活动，比如观灯、猜灯谜。
⑴It
is
also
called
Tomb-Sweeping
Day.
It
comes
on
April
4th
or
5th
.【版权所有：21教育】
⑵In
Chinese
Qingming
means
“clear
and
bright”.
⑶It
is
a
day
for
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)living
to
show
love
and
respect
to
dead
frends,
relatives
and
ancestors.
⑷People
will
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)sweep
the
tombs,
light
incense,
put
meats,
vegetables,
wine
in
front
of
the
tomb
.
⑸Besides,
people
burn
paper
money
for
the
dead
to
use
in
afterlife.
⑴清明节也叫“扫墓节”，实在4月4日或5日。
⑵在汉语中
“清明”是“clear
and
bright”的意思。
⑶那一天寄托了对死去的亲朋好友和祖先的感情和尊敬。
⑷人们在墓前扫墓、点香烛、放上酒肉等。
⑸除此之外，人们烧纸钱，供他们在死后使用。
三．端午节Dragon
Boat
Festival
⑴It
is
on
the
fifth
of
the
fifth
lunar
month.
⑵It
honours
the
famous
ancient
poet,
Qu
Yuan.
⑶People
gather
to
watch
the
colorful
“Dragon
Boat
Races”(龙舟比赛).
⑷People
eat
rice
dumpings
on
that
day.
⑴端午节在农历五月初五。
⑵端午节是为了纪念古代诗人——屈原。
⑶人们聚在一起看龙舟比赛。
⑷人们在那一天吃粽子。
The?Dragon?Boat?Fes
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tival?is?one?of?three?major?Chinese?holidays,?along?with?the?Spring?and?Moon?Festivals.?Of?the?three,?it?is?possibly?the?oldest,?dating?back?to?the?Warring?States?Period?in?227?B.C.?The?festival?commemorates?Qu?Yuan,?a?minister?in?the?service?of?the?Chu?Emperor.?Despairing?over?corruption?at?court,?Qu?threw?himself?into?a?river.?Townspeople?jumped?into?their?boats?and?tried?in?vain?to?save?him.?Then,?hoping?to?distract?hungry?fish?from?his?body,?the?people?scattered?rice?on?the?water.
　　端午节与春节和中秋节并列为中国三大节日。这三个节日中，它可能是最古老的一个，可以追溯到公元前227年的战国时代。这个节日是为了纪念楚国的大夫屈原，他因为对朝廷的贪污腐败感到绝望而投河自尽。镇上的人纷纷冲上船去救他，却没有成功。后来大
把米撒到水里，希望把饥饿的鱼群从他的躯体边引开。
Over?the?years,?t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he?story?of?Qu’s?demise?transformed?into?the?traditions?of?racing?dragon?boats?and?eating?zongzi?-a
kind
of
rice
wrapped
in
bamboo
leaves.【来源：21cnj
y.co
m】
多年以后，屈原逝世的故事逐渐演变成赛龙舟和吃粽子(一种包在竹叶中的米食)的传统。
端午节起源
⑴In
278
BC,
he
he
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ard
the
news
that
Qin
troops
had
finally
conquered
Chu’s
capital,
so
he
finished
his
last
piece
Huai
Sha
(Embracing
Sand)
and
plunged
himself
into
the
Miluo
River,Clasping
his
arms
to
a
large
stone.the
day
happened
to
be
the
5th
of
the
5th
month
in
the
Chinese
lunar
calendar.After
his
death,the
people
of
Chu
crowded
to
the
bank
of
the
river
to
pay
their
respects
to
him.The
fishemen
sailed
their
boats
up
and
down
the
river
to
look
for
his
body.People
threw
into
the
water
zongzi
（pyramid-shaped
glutinous
rice
dumplings
wrapped
in
read
or
bamboo
leaves）
and
eggs
to
divert
possible
fish
or
shrimp
from
attacking
his
body.An
old
doctor
poured
a
jug
of
realgar
wine
(Chinese
liquor
seasoned
with
realgar)
in
to
the
water,hoping
to
turn
all
aquatic
beasts
drunk.That’s
why
people
later
followed
the
customs
such
as
dragon
boat
racing,eating
zongzi
and
drinking
realgar
wine
on
that
day.21
cnjy
com
公元前278年，当他听到秦国军队已经攻破楚国
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)国都的消息后，写完最后一篇诗篇《怀沙》后抱石投汩罗江自尽。这一天正是农历五月初五。他死后，楚国人民跑到河岸来悼念他，渔民们划船遍河寻找他的尸体。人们把粽子和鸡蛋投入水中防止鱼虾伤害他的身体。一位老郎中还把一壹雄黄洒倒入水中，希望能药晕昏蛟龙水兽。这就是后来人们为什么在这一天赛龙舟，吃粽子，喝雄黄酒。
⑵Dragon
b
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)oat
racing
is
an
indispensable
part
of
the
festival,held
all
over
the
country.As
the
gun
is
fired,people
will
see
racers
in
dragon-shaped
pulling
the
oars
harmoniously
and
hurriedly,accompanied
by
rapid
drums,speeding
toward
their
destination.Folk
tales
say
the
game
originates
from
the
activities
of
seeking
Qu
Yuan’s
body.
赛龙舟是这个节日不可工缺
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的一部分。当发令枪打响后，人们就能看到坐在龙舟的赛手们在急促鼓点的伴随下齐心协力摇桨驶向他们的目的地。民间故事说这个赛事的起源是寻找屈原的尸体。
⑶Zongzi
is
an
essen
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tial
food
of
the
Dragon
Boat
Festival.It
is
said
that
people
ate
them
in
the
Spring
and
Autumn
Period
(770-476
BC).
In
early
time,it
was
only
glutnous
rice
dumplings
wrapped
in
reed
or
other
plant
leaves
and
tied
with
colored
thread,but
now
the
fillings
are
more
diversified,including
jujube
and
bean
paste,fresh
meat,and
ham
and
egg
yolk,If
time
permist,people
will
soak
glutinous
rice,wash
reed
leaves
and
wrap
up
zongzi
themselves.Otherwise,they
will
go
to
shops
to
buy
whatever
stuff
they
want.The
custom
of
eating
zongzi
is
now
popular
in
North
and
South
Korea,Japan
and
Southeast
Asian
nations.
粽子是端午的一种必备食品，所说人们在春
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)秋时代就开始吃它（公元前770-476年）。最开始是，它只是用箬叶和彩线包起来的糯米。但是现在在填充物就很丰富了，有枣子和豆沙的，鲜肉的，还有火腿蛋黄的。如果时间允许，人们会自己泡糯米，洗箬叶，包粽子。一然他们变会到商店买来自己想吃的粽子。现在粽子的习俗已经风靡朝鲜、南韩、日本以及东南亚各国。
四．中秋节Mid-Autumn
Festival
⑴It
is
on
the
15th
of
the
eighth
lunar
month.
⑵People
gaze
at（观
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)赏）the
“Lady
in
the
Moon”(嫦娥)
,
eat
moon
cakes
for
family
reunion
and
happiness.
⑴中秋节在农历的八月十五。
⑵人们在那一天家人团圆，一起赏月、吃月饼。
中秋节起源
⑴Folklore
about
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)origin
of
the
festival
go
like
this:In
remote
antiquity,
there
were
ten
suns
rising
in
the
sky,
which
scorched
all
crops
and
drove
people
into
dire
poverty.
A
hero
named
Hou
Yi
was
much
worried
about
this,he
ascended
to
the
top
of
the
Kunlun
Mountain
and,directing
his
superhuman
strength
to
full
extent,
drew
his
extraordinary
bow
and
shot
down
the
nine
superfluous
suns
one
after
another.
He
also
ordered
the
last
sun
to
rise
and
set
according
to
time.
For
this
reason,
he
was
pespected
and
loved
by
the
people
and
lots
of
people
of
ideals
and
integrity
came
to
him
to
learn
martial
arts
from
him.
A
person
named
Peng
Meng
lurked
in
them.
相传，远古时候天上有10个太阳同时出
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)现，晒得庄稼枯死，民不聊生，一个名叫后羿的英雄，力大无穷，他同情受苦的百姓，登上昆仑山顶，运足神力，拉开神弓，一气射下9个太阳，并严令最后一个太阳按时起落，为民造福。后羿因此受到了百姓的尊敬和爱戴，不少志士慕名前来投师学艺，心术不正的蓬蒙也混了进来。
⑵Hou
Yi
had
a
beaut
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ifull
and
kindhearted
wife
named
Chang
E.one
day
in
his
way
to
the
Kunlun
Mountain
to
call
on
friends,he
ran
upon
the
Empress
of
Heaven
Wangmu
who
was
passing
by.Empress
Wangmu
presented
to
him
a
parcel
of
elixir,by
taking
which,it
was
said,one
would
ascend
immediately
to
heaven
and
become
a
celestial
being.Hou
Yi,however,hated
to
part
with
his
wife.So
he
gave
the
elixir
to
Chang
E
to
treasure
ror
the
time
being.Chang
E
hid
parcel
in
a
treasure
box
at
her
dressing
table
when,unexpectedly,it
was
seen
by
Peng
Meng.
后羿有一个美丽的妻子叫
“嫦娥
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)”，一天后羿到昆仑山访友求道，巧遇由此经过的王母娘娘，便向王母娘娘求得一包一死药。所说，服下此药，即刻升天成仙。然而，后羿舍不得撇下妻子，只好暂时把不死药交给嫦娥珍藏。嫦娥将药藏进梳妆台的百宝匣里，不料被小人蓬蒙看见了。
⑶One
day
when
Hou
Y
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)i
led
his
disciples
to
go
hunting,Peng
Meng,sword
in
hand,rushed
into
the
inner
chamber
and
forced
Chang
E
to
hand
over
the
elixir,Aware
that
she
was
unable
tl
defeat
Peng
Meng,Chang
E
mabe
a
prompt
decision
at
that
critical
moment.She
turned
round
to
open
her
treasure
box,took
up
the
elixir
and
swallowed
it
in
one
gulp.As
soon
as
she
swallowed
the
elixir
her
body
floated
off
the
ground,dashed
out
of
the
window
and
flew
towards
heaven.Peng
Meng
escaped.
一天，后羿众徒外出狩猎，蓬蒙手持宝剑闯入内
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)宅后院，威逼嫦娥交出不死药。嫦娥知道自己不是蓬蒙的对手，危急之时她当机立断，转身打开百宝匣，拿出不死药一口吞了下去。嫦娥吞下药，身子立刻飘离地面、冲出窗口，向天上飞去。蓬蒙便借机逃走了。
⑷When
Hou
Yi
r
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eturned
home
at
dark,he
knew
from
the
maidservants
what
had
happened
Overcome
with
grief,Hou
Yi
looked
up
into
the
night
sky
and
called
out
the
name
or
his
beloved
wife
when,to
his
surprise,
he
found
that
the
moon
was
especially
clear
and
bight
and
no
it
there
was
a
swaying
shadow
that
was
exactly
like
his
wife.He
treid
his
best
to
chase
after
the
moon.But
as
he
ran,the
moon
retreated;as
he
withdrew,the
moon
came
back.
He
could
not
get
to
the
moon
at
all.
傍晚，率众徒回到家，侍女们哭诉了白天发
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)生的事。后羿气得捶胸顿足，悲痛欲绝，仰望着夜空呼唤爱妻的名字，这时他惊奇发现，今天的月亮格外皎洁明亮，而且有个晃动的身影酷似嫦娥。他拼命朝月亮追去，可是他追三步，月亮退三步。他退三步，月亮进三步，无论怎样也追不到跟前。
⑸Thinking
of
his
wi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)fe
day
night,
Hou
Yi
then
had
an
incense
table
arranged
in
the
back
garden
that
Chang
E
loved.
Puting
on
the
table
sweetmeats
and
fresh
fruits
Chang
E
enjoyed
most,
Hou
Yi
held
at
a
distance
a
memorial
ceremony
for
Chang
E
who
was
sentimentally
attached
to
him
in
the
palace
of
the
moon.When
people
heard
of
the
story
that
Chang
E
had
turned
into
a
celestial
being,they
arranged
the
incense
table
in
the
moonlight
one
after
another
and
prayed
kindhearted
Chang
E
for
good
forturne
and
peace.From
then
on
the
custom
of
worshiping
the
moon
spread
among
the
people.
后羿无可奈何，又思念妻子，只好派人到嫦娥
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)喜爱的后花园里，摆上香案，放上她平时最爱吃的蜜食鲜果，遥祭在月宫里眷恋着自己的嫦娥。百姓们闻知嫦娥奔月成仙的消息后，纷纷在月下摆设香案，向善良的嫦娥祈求吉祥平安。
⑹People
in
different
p
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)laces
follow
various
customs,but
all
show
their
love
and
longing
for
a
better
life.
中秋节的习俗很多，形式也各不相同，但都寄托着人们对生活无限的热爱和对美好生活的向往。
五．七夕节Qiqiao
Festival
（the
Chinese
Valentine’s
Day）
⑴The
granddaughter
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
of
the
Goddess
of
Heaven
visited
the
earth.
Her
name
was
Zhinu,
the
weaving
girl.
⑵While
she
was
on
e
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)arth
she
met
her
herd
boy
Niulang
and
they
fell
in
love.
They
got
married
secretly,
and
they
were
very
happy.
⑶When
the
Goddess
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Heaven
knew
that
her
granddaughter
was
married
to
a
human,
she
became
very
angry
and
made
the
weaving
girl
return
to
heaven.
Niulang
tried
to
follow
her,
but
the
river
of
stars,
the
Milk
Way,
stopped
him.
⑷Finding
that
Zhi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)nu
was
heart-broken,
her
grandmother
finally
decided
to
let
the
couple
cross
the
Milk
Way
to
meet
once
a
year.
⑸Magpies
make
a
br
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)idge
of
their
wings
to
the
couple
can
cross
the
river
to
meet
on
the
seventh
day
of
the
seventh
lunar
month.
⑹People
in
China
ho
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)pe
that
the
weather
will
be
fine
on
that
day,
because
if
it
is
raining,
it
means
that
Zhinu
is
weeping
and
the
couple
won’t
be
able
to
meet.
⑴王母娘娘的外孙女下凡来到人间。她的名字叫织女。
⑵在人间，她见到了牛郎，并且相爱。秘密结婚后，他们快乐的生活在一起。
⑶当王母娘娘知道她的孙女嫁给了一个凡人，非常生气。她让织女返回天庭，牛郎紧跟不舍，但是却被银河挡住了。【出处：21教育名师】
⑷看到织女伤心欲绝，王母娘娘最后决定让这对夫妻每年跨过银河相会一次。
⑸农历的七月初七，这对夫妻在鹊桥上相会。
⑹人们希望那天的天气好，因为如果下雨，意味着织女在流泪，他们没能相会。
　Valentine’s
Day
情人节Date
约会
　Bunch
花束
　Rose
玫瑰
　Candy
糖果
　Chocolate
巧克力
　Forget-Me-Not
勿忘我
　Puppy
Love/First
Love
初恋
　Cute
Meet
浪漫的邂逅
　Fall
In
Love
坠入爱河
　Love
At
The
First
Sight
一见钟情
　Propose
求婚
　Valentine
Cards
情人节卡片
　Candlelight
Dinner
烛光晚餐
　Heart-Shaped/Cordate
心形的
　Truelove
真爱Enamored
倾心的
第二部分
中国文化元素
一.
长城（The
Great
Wall）
The
Great
Wall
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
is
one
of
the
wonders
of
the
world
that
created
by
human
beings!
If
you
come
to
China
without
climbing
the
Great
Wall,
it's
just
like
going
Paris
without
visiting
the
Eiffel
Tower;
or
going
to
Egypt
without
visiting
the
Pyramids!
Men
often
say,
"He
who
doest
not
reach
the
Great
Wall
is
not
a
true
man."In
fact,
it
began
as
independent
walls
for
different
states
when
it
was
first
built,
and
did
not
become
the
"Great
Wall"
until
the
Qin
Dynasty.
However,
the
wall
we
see
today,
starting
from
Shanhaiguan
Pass
in
the
east
to
Jiayunguan
Pass
in
the
west,
was
mostly
built
during
the
Ming
Dynasty.
长城是人类创造的世界奇迹之
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)一。如果你到了中国却没去过长城，就想到了巴黎没有去看看菲尔铁塔，或者就像到了埃及没有去看金字塔一样。人们常说：“不到长城非好汉。”实际上，长城最初只是一些断断续续的城墙，直到秦朝统一中国后才将其连城长城。然而，今天我们看到的长城——东起山海关，西至嘉峪关——大部分都是在明代修建的。
二.
饺子（Dumplings）
Dumplings
are
one
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)the
Chinese
people’s
favorite
traditional
dishes.
According
to
an
ancient
Chinese
legend,
dumplings
were
first
made
by
the
medical
saint---Zhang
Zhongjing.
There
are
three
steps
involved
in
making
dumplings:
1)
make
dumpling
wrappers
out
of
dumpling
flour;
2)
prepare
the
dumpling
stuffing;
3)
make
dumplings
and
boil
them.
With
thin
and
elastic
dough
skin,
fresh
and
tender
stuffing,
delicious
taste,
and
unique
shapes,
dumplings
are
worth
eating
hundreds
of
times.
There’s
an
old
saying
that
claims,
“Nothing
could
be
more
delicious
than
dumplings”.
During
the
Spring
Festival
and
other
holidays,
or
when
treating
relatives
and
friends,
Chinese
people
like
to
follow
the
auspicious
custom
of
eating
dumplings.
To
Chinese
people
who
show
high
reverence
for
family
love,
having
dumplings
at
the
moment
the
old
year
is
replaced
by
the
new
is
an
essential
part
of
bidding
farewell
to
the
old
and
ushering
in
the
new
year.
饺子是深受中国人民喜爱的传统食品。?相传为古
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)代医圣张仲景发明。饺子的制作是包括：?1）?擀皮、2）?备馅、3）?包馅水煮三个步骤。其特点是皮薄馅嫩，味道鲜美，形状独特，百食不厌。民间有“好吃不过饺子”的俗语。中国人接亲待客、逢年过节都有包饺子吃的习俗，寓意吉利。对崇尚亲情的中国人来说，“更岁交子”吃饺子，更是欢度除夕、辞旧迎新必不可少的内容。?
三.
筷子（Chinese
Chopsticks）
The
Chinese
way
of
eat
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ing
with
chopsticks
is
unique
in
the
world.
The
recorded
history
of
chopsticks
started
more
than
three
thousand
years
ago.
Chopsticks
were
named
zhu
in
ancient
Chinese.
They
look
deceptively
simple
to
use,
but
possess
multi-various
functions,
such
as
clamping,
turning
over,
lifting
up,
raking,
stirring,
scooping,
poking,
tearing,
and
so
on.
Chopsticks
were
taken
as
an
auspicious
mascot
by
ordinary
people
in
ancient
China.
For
example,
the
partial
tone
of
chopsticks
is
often
used
by
people
as
a
metaphor
at
weddings
to
indicate
a
blessing
or
benediction
for
the
couple
to
have
a
baby
soon.
Unlike
using
a
knife
and
fork
or
one’s
own
hands,
a
pair
of
chopsticks
also
implies
the
meaning
of
“Harmony
is
what
matters”.
Chopsticks
are
highly
praised
by
Westerners
as
a
hallmark
of
ancient
oriental
civilization.?
中国人使用筷子就餐的方式在世
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)界上独树一帜。有史记载用筷的历史已有三千多年。筷子古时称为箸，它看似简单，但却同时具有夹、拨、挑、扒、拌、撮、戳、撕等多种功能。中国民间视筷子为吉祥之物，如婚俗中将筷子隐喻为快生贵子的祝福等。与使用刀叉以及手抓的?方式不同，成双结对的筷子含有“和为贵“的意蕴。西方人赞誉筷子是古老的东方文明。
【拓展1】The
Story
of
Chopsticks（1）
筷子的故事
⑴Chopsticks
are
used
every
day
in
China.
⑵Now
I'd
like
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
take
this
opportunity
to
share
their
interesting
history
with
you.
⑶I
think
you'll
agree
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
that
even
an
ordinary
item
used
in
daily
life
can
have
a
fascinating
story.21·cn·jy·com
⑷Although
chopstick
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
originated
in
China,
they
are
widely
used
in
many
Asian
countries.
⑸The
first
chopsticks
were
made
from
bone
and
jade.
⑹In
the
Spring
an
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
Autumn
period,
copper
and
iron
chopsticks
came
into
being.
⑺In
ancient
time
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s,
the
rich
used
jade
or
gold
chopsticks
to
display
their
wealth.
⑻Many
kings
and
emp
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eror
s
used
silver
chopsticks
to
see
if
their
food
had
been
poisoned.
⑼Chopsticks
are
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)raditionally
placed
in
brides'
dowries,because
"chopsticks"
in
Chinese
is
pronounced
"kuaizi",
which
sounds
like
"get
a
son
soon."
⑽Many
foreign
friends
try
to
use
chopsticks
when
they
visit
China.
⑾Even
the
former
p
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)resident
of
the
United
States
Richard
Nixon,
used
chopsticks
at
the
welcoming
banquet
held
in
his
honor.
⑿As
soon
as
he
left
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
his
table,
a
foreign
diplomat
grabbed
his
chopsticks
as
a
historical
souvenir.
⑴中国人每天都在使用筷子。
⑵现在我想借这个机会和大家一起聊一些有关于筷子历史的有趣故事。
⑶我想你会赞同即使是日常生活中一件小物品也会有其引人入胜的故事。
⑷虽然筷子起源于中国，但现在很多的亚洲国家都在使用。
⑸最早的筷子是用骨头和玉制成的。
⑹在春秋时代又出现了铜制和铁制的筷子。
⑺在古代，富人家用玉筷子或金筷子以显示其家庭的富有。
⑻许多帝王用银制的筷子以检查他们的食物中是否被人投了毒。
⑼筷子在传统上是被当作
新娘
(?http:?/??/?www.?/?n?k=%D0%C2%C4%EF"
\o
"新娘"
\t
"_blank?)的嫁妆的，因为“筷子”在汉语中读作“kuaizi”，听起来很像“快得儿子”。
⑽许多外国朋友在访问中国的时候都使用筷子。
⑾甚至是美国前总统尼克松在为其到来而举办的欢迎宴会上也使用了筷子。
⑿他刚一离开桌子，一名国外的外交人员就抓起了他的筷子，把它作为了具有历史意义的纪念品。
【拓展2】The
Story
of
Chopsticks（2）
筷子的故事
⑴In
ancient
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)China,
chopsticks
signified
far
lore
than
tools
that
take
food
to
the
mouth;
they
also
signified
status
and
rules,
“can”and
”can’t”.
⑵During
the
North
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ern
Song
Dynasty,
an
official
named
Tang
Su
once
had
dinner
with
the
emperor.
He
was
not
well
informed
in
noble
table
etiquette
and
so
laid
down
his
chopsticks
horizontally
on
the
table
before
the
emperor
did.
As
a
result,
he
was
expatriated
to
a
frontier
area
for
penal
servitude.
⑶In
ancient
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eating
etiquette,
there
were
over
a
dozen
taboos
concening
chopsticks.
For
example
,
they
could
not
be
placed
vertically
into
a
dish,
as
this
was
the
way
of
making
sacrifices
to
the
dead.
⑴在古代中国，筷子不仅仅是把食物送到口中的餐具，它被赋予了重要的内涵和“能”和“不能”的规矩。
⑵北宋朝时，一个叫唐肃的官员陪皇帝
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)进膳。他不了解用餐时使用筷子的礼仪，在皇帝还没有吃完时，他把筷子横放在桌子上，表示他不想再吃了。结果这位官员被发配边疆。
⑶在古代的饮食礼仪中，筷子的使用方法的禁忌有十多种。比如，忌将筷子竖直插入菜盘或饭碗中，因为这代表为死人上坟。
四.?中国功夫（Chinese
kung
fu）
Chinese
kung
fu,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
or
Chinese
martial
arts,
carries
traditional
Chinese
culture
in
abundance.
It
is
a
?traditional
Chinese
sport
which
applies
the
art
of
attack
and
defence
in
combat
and
the
motions
engaged
with
a
series
of
skill
and
tricks.
The
core
idea
of
Chinese
king
fu
is
derived
from
the
Confucian
theory
of
both
“the
mean
and
harmony”
and
“cultivating
qi”
(otherwise
known
as
nourishing
one’s
spirit).
Meanwhile,
it
also
includes
thoughts
of
Taoism
and
Buddhism.
Chinese
kung
fu
has
a
long
history,
with
multi-various
sects
and
many
different
boxing
styles,
and
emphasizes
coupling
hardness
with
softness
and
internal
and
external
training.
It
contains
the
ancient
great
thinkers’
pondering
of
life
and
the
universe.
The
skills
in
wielding
the
18
kinds
of
weapons
named
by
the
later
generations
mainly
involve
the
skills
of
bare-handed
boxing,
such
as
shadow
boxing
(Taijiquan),
form
and
will
boxing
(Xingyiquan),
eight
trigram
palm
(Baguazhang),
and
the
skills
of
kung
fu
weaponry,
such
as
the
skill
of
using
swords,
spears,
two-edged
swords
and
halberds,
axes,
tomahawks,
kooks,
prongs
and
so
on.21·世纪
教育网
中国功夫即中国武术，是将技击寓于搏
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)斗和套路运动之中的中国传统体育项目，承载着丰富的中国民族传统文化。其核心思想是儒家的中和养气之说，同时兼容了道家、释家的思想。中国武术源远流长、流派林立、拳种繁多，讲究刚柔并济、内外兼修，蕴含着先哲们对生命和宇宙的参悟。后世所称十八般武艺，主要指：徒手拳艺，如太极拳、形意拳、八卦掌等；器械功夫，如刀枪剑戟、斧钺钩叉等。
【拓展】
⑴Chinese
Kung
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Fu
is
magnificent
and
profound
but
it’s
unfortunate
that
a
lot
of
it
has
not
been
passed
down.
⑵Taijiquan
can
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)make
you
feel
at
peace.
In
addition
to
emphasizing
matching
the
movements
with
your
breathing,
it
is
good
for
your
health
too.
⑶The
primary
reason
fo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)r
practicing
kung
fu
is
for
health
reasons.
Defense
is
of
secondary
importance
and
hurting
others
is
abolutely
unacceptable.
⑴中国功夫博大精深，可惜有很多已经失传了。
⑵太极拳可以使人心境平和，加上它注重呼吸配合动作，对身体也有好处。
⑶练武的主要目的在于锻炼身体，其次是防身，至于用来伤人是万万不可以的。
There
is
much
more
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to
Kung
Fu
than
Jackie
Chan
or
Bruce
Lee.
Kung
Fu
is
an
art
form,
and
also,
very
good
for
you.
功夫并不只是指成龙或李小龙，它是一种艺术形式，而且对你很有好处。
Many
styles
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
Kung
Fu
are
based
on
the
ideas
of
nature.
Ancient
boxing
masters
often
developed
their
fighting
techniques
by
observing
the
world
around
them.
Animals,
birds,
and
insects
provided
the
basis
for
many
systems
of
Kung
Fu
developed
in
the
past.
很多功夫招式来源于对自然界的想象。古代拳术大师常常通过观察他们周围的世界改进拳术技法。动物、鸟类和昆虫为过去很多功夫的系统发展提供了基础。
Many
of
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)hard
forms
of
Kung
Fu
came
from
a
Buddhist
Monastery
called
“Shaolin”.
An
Indian
priest
named
Tamo
came
to
live
there
nearly
1500
years
agou.
According
to
legend,
Tamo
arrived
at
the
monastery
where
he
found
the
monks
in
poor
physical
condition.
Because
they
couldn’t
stay
awake
during
meditation,
Tamo
introduced
a
series
of
18
exercise
designed
to
feed
both
body
and
mind.
These
movements
are
said
to
have
merged
with
self-defense
tactics
studied
in
the
Shaolin
Temple.www-2-1-cnjy-com
很多硬功夫都出自叫“少林”的佛教寺庙
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)。大约1500年前，有个叫达摩的印度僧人来到这里。传说他来到寺庙，发现那里的和尚身体状况很不好。因为他们在坐禅时候不能保持清醒，达摩就传授给他们一套十八手拳法，目的是锻炼他们的身心。据说这些动作融合了他在少林寺研究的防身术。
I
suggest
a
soft
fo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)rm
of
Kung
Fu,
called
Tai
Qi.
It
comes
from
Taoism
and
it’s
very
good
for
your
health.
Through
its
training,
you
can
get
inner
peace
and
a
sense
of
physical
and
emotional
well
being.
It’s
often
called
Chinese
Yoga:
the
art
and
science
of
meditation
through
movement.
我建议你学习一种温和的功夫，叫太极拳。它
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)源于道教，对你的健康非常有好处。通过这种训练，你能达到内心的平和，以及身体和情绪上的安宁舒适。它经常被人们称作中国瑜伽：通过运动达到沉思冥想的一种艺术和科学。
五.?汉字（Chinese
characters）
Chinese
characters
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)were
initially
meant
to
be
simple
pictures
used
to
help
people
remember
things.
After
a
long
period
of
development,
it
finally
became
a
unique
character
system
that
embodies
phonetic
sound,
image,
idea,
and
rhyme
at
the
same
time.
The
writing
system,
which
was
extremely
advanced
in
ancient
times,
began
with
inscriptions
on
bones
and
tortoise
shells,
and
these
are
regarded
as
the
original
forms
of
Chinese
characters.
Afterwards,
Chinese
characters
went
through
numerous
calligraphic
styles:
bronze
inscriptions,
official
script,
regular
script,
cursive
script,
running
script,
etc.
Chinese
characters
are
usually
round
outside
and
square
inside,
which
is
rooted
in
ancient
Chinese
beliefs
of
an
orbicular
sky
and
a
rectangular
Earth.
The
five
basic
strokes
of
Chinese
characters
are
“---“
(the
horizontal
stroke)
“│”
(the
vertical
stroke),
“／”(
the
left-falling
stroke),
“＼”
(the
right-falling
stroke),
and
“乙”
(the
turning
stroke).
?
汉字是从原始人用以记事的简单图画，经过不断演
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)变发展最终成为一种兼具音、形、意韵的独特文字。现存中国古代最早成熟的文字是甲骨文，被认为是现代汉字的初形。此后，汉字又经历了金文、隶书、楷书、草书、行书等不同的阶段。汉字结构“外圆内方“，?源于古人”天圆地方“的观念。汉字有五种基本笔画，即：横、竖、撇、捺、折。
六.
秧歌舞（Yangko）
Yangko
is
one
o
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)f
tradition
folk
dance
of
Han
in
China.It
is
usually
performed
in
northern
provinces.
The
dancers
usually
wear
colorful
and
light
costumes,
and
the
performance
is
powerful
and
rapid.
During
some
festivals
such
as
Spring
Festival,
Lantein
Festival,
if
people
hear
the
sound
of
drum
and
gong,
no
matter
how
cold
the
weather
is
,
they
will
come
to
street
and
appreciate
the
Yangko.
Recent
years,
the
old
people
in
city
of
east-northern
of
China
organized
the
team
of
Yangko
by
themselves,
the
teamers
keep
their
health
by
dancing
Yangko
the
whole
year.
秧歌舞是中国汉族的一种民间传统舞蹈
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)，通常在北方省份表演。秧歌舞者通常穿上明亮多彩的表演服装，他们的表演动作有力迅速。在农历春节、元宵节等节日期间，人们一旦听到锣鼓声，不管外面天气有多冷，他们都会蜂拥到街上看秧歌舞表演。近年来，中国东北某些城市的老年人自发组织了了秧歌队，队员常年通过跳秧歌舞来保持健康，同事他们也乐在其中。
七.
针灸（Acupuncture）
Acupuncture
is
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
an
important
part
of
traditional
Chinese
medicine
(TCM).
In
accordance
with
the
“main
and
collateral
channels”
theory
in
TCM,
the
purpose
of
acupuncture
is
to
dredge
the
channel
and
regulate
qi
and
blood,
so
as
to
keep
the
body’s
yin
and
yang
balanced
and
achieve
reconciliation
between
the
internal
organs.
It
features
in
traditional
Chinese
medicine
that
“internal
diseases
are
to
be
treated
with
external
therapy”.
The
main
therapy
of
acupuncture
involves
using
needles
to
pierce
certain
acupoints
of
the
patient’s
body,
or
adopting
moxibustion
to
stimulate
the
patient’s
acupoints
so
as
to
stimulate
the
channels
and
relieve
pain.
With
its
unique
advantages,
acupuncture
has
been
handed
down
generation
after
generation
and
has
now
spread
all
over
the
world.
Nowadays,
acupuncture,
along
with
Chinese
food,
kung
fu
(otherwise
known
as
Chinese
martial
arts),
and
traditional
Chinese
medicine,
has
been
internationally
hailed
as
one
of
the
“four
new
national
treasures.”
??
针灸是中医学的重要组成部分。按照中医的经络理
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)论，针灸疗法主要是通过疏通经络、调和气血，来达到阴阳归于平衡，使脏腑趋于调和之目的。其特点是“内病外治”。主要疗法是用针刺入病人身体的一定穴位，或用艾火的温热刺激烧灼病人的穴位，以达到刺激经络。治疗病痛的目的。针灸以其独特的优势，流传至今并传播到了世界，与中餐、功夫、中药一起被海外誉为中国的“新四大国粹”。
八.
中国龙（Chinese
Dragon）
Dragon
totem
worship
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)in
China
has
been
around
for
the
last
8,000
years.
The
ancients
in
China
considered
the
dragon
(or
loong)
a
fetish
that
combines
animals
including
the
fish,
snake,
horse
and
ox
with
cloud,
thunder,
lightning
and
other
natural
celestial
phenomena.
The
Chinese
dragon
was
formed
in
accordance
with
the
multicultural
fusion
process
of
the
Chinese
nation.
To
the
Chinese,
the
dragon
signifies
innovation
and
cohesion.??
对龙图腾他的崇拜在中国大约已绵延了八千多年。
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)中国龙是古人将鱼、蛇、马、牛等动物与云雾、雷电等自然天象集合而成的一种神物。?中国龙的形成与中华民族的多元融合过程同步。在中国人的心目中，龙具有振奋腾飞、开拓变化的寓意和团结凝聚的精神。?
九.
中国印章（Chinese
Seal）
A
seal
can
also
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
be
defined
as
a
stamp.
Both
the
Chinese
official
and
private
seal
of
various
dynasties
have
different
titles,
such
as
stamp,
zhu
note,
contract,
fu,
lease
and
others.
The
seals
used
by
the
emperors
of
ancient
China
were
called
xi,
yin,
bao,
etc.
According
to
historical
records,
seals
were
widely
used
during
the
Warring
States
Period
(475BC-221BC).
The
making
of
a
seal
is
to
engrave
fonts,
such
as
seal
characters
and
official
script
and
so
on;
or
images
in
the
form
of
intaglio
and
embossment
into
the
seal,
basically
shaped
as
round
or
square.
Covered
with
a
vermilion
overlay,
the
Chinese
seal
is
not
only
used
in
daily
life,
but
it
is
also
used
to
represent
signatures
on
paintings
and
calligraphies.
It
is
gradually
becoming
one
of
China’s
unique
artworks.
?
印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用的印章有印信
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色???钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。?
十.?京剧（Chinese
Beijing
Opera）
Praised
as
“O
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)riental
Opera”,
Beijing
Opera
is
a
genuine
national
quintessence
of
China.
It
originated
from
many
kinds
of
ancient
local
operas,
especially
huiban
in
southern
China.
At
the
end
of
the
19th
Century,
Beijing
Opera
evolved
and
took
shape,
becoming
the
greatest
kind
of
opera
in
China.
Beijing
Opera
is
a
blend
of
performing
arts---song,
speech,
performance,
acrobatix
fighting
and
dance.
Beijing
Opera
portrays
and
narrates
the
plot
and
characters
through
stylized
acting.
The
main
types
of
roles
in
Beijing
Opera
are
sheng(male),
dan
(young
female),
jing
(painted
face,
male),
and
chou(
clown,
male
or
female).
京剧被誉为“东方歌剧”，?
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)是地道的中国国粹。它起源于中国多种古老的地方戏剧，特别是南方的“徽班”。到了19世纪末，京剧形成并成为中国最大的戏曲剧种。京剧是综合性表演艺术，集唱（歌唱）、念（念白）、做（表演）、打（武）、舞（舞蹈）为一体，通过程式化的表演手段，叙述故事，刻画人物。角色主要分生（男性）、旦（女性）、净（男性）、丑（男性女性皆有）四大行当。?
【拓展】Beijing
Opera京剧
⑴Beijing
Opera
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)China
is
a
national
treasure
with
a
history
of
200
years.
⑵Facial
masks
are
an
important
way
to
portray
a
character.
⑶Each
role,according
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to
their
sex,age
and
disposition,is
characterized
by
different
designs
of
facial
make-up(facial
mask).
⑷In
Peking
Opera,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
femal
roles
are
“Dan”.
Male
roles
are
“Sheng”.
And
clowns
are”Chou”.
⑸Present-day
desi
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)gners
are
also
borrowing
from
the
Beijing
Opera
for
their
work.
⑴京剧是中国的国粹，迄今已经有200多年的历史。
⑵脸谱是塑造人物形象的重要手段。
⑶每个角色都会按照他们的性格、年龄、个性，在脸上画不同的脸谱。
⑷在京剧中，女性的角色被称作“旦”，男性的角色被称作“生”，小丑被称作“丑”。
⑸当代服装设计师也从京剧服装中吸取灵感。
十一.?中国成语（Chinese
Idioms）
Chinese
idioms
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
refer
to
comprehensive
and
integrated
fixed
phrases
and
expressions.
Idioms
are
established
and
accepted
by
constant
usage
and
common
practice.
An
idiom
is
a
language
unit
that
is
larger
than
a
word,
but
has
the
same
grammatical
function
as
a
word.
Most
Chinese
idioms
consist
of
four
characters.
For
example,
ziqiangbuxi
(
make
unremitting
efforts
to
improve
oneself),
qingchuyulan(bluer
than
indigo),
and
houjibofa
(success
comes
with
time
and
effort).
Idioms
are
extrated
from
folk
proverbs,
ancient
works
of
literature,
poems,
fables,
allusions,
and
well-known
sayings.
Idioms
are
a
part
of
the
Chinese
language
that
are
concise
and
have
great
vitality.
?
中国成语是汉语中意义完整的表示一
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)般概念的固定词组或短语。“成语”中的“成”既是约定俗成。成语是比词大而语法功能又相当于词的语言单位。绝大多数的中国成语由四个汉字组成，例如：自强不息、青出于蓝、厚积薄发。成语主要从民间谚语、古代文学作品、诗歌、寓言、典故、名言警句等方面提炼而成，是汉语语言中精炼而又富有生命力的一部分。?
??
十二.
丝绸（Silk）
China
is
the
home
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)of
silk.
Mulberry
planting,
sericulture,
silk
reeling
and
thickening
are
all
great
inventions
of
the
ancient
Chinese.
As
early
as
the
Shang
and
Zhou
Dynasties
(1600BC-256BC),
the
Chinese
people’s
silk-weaving
techniques
had
reached
an
extremely
high
level.
During
the
Western
Han
Dynasty
(206BC-25AD),
Zhang
Qian,
an
outstanding
diplomat,
travelled
around
central
Asia
and
connected
China
with
the
Persian
Gulf
and
the
Mediterranean,
opening
up
a
new
era
of
Sino-foreign
trade,
exchange
and
communication.
From
then
on,
China’s
silk
became
well
known
for
its
extraordinary
quality,
exquisite
design
and
color,
and
abundant
culture
connotations.
Hitherto,
Chinese
silk
has
been
accepted
as
a
symbol
of
Chinese
culture
and
the
emissary
of
oriental
civilization.
?
中国是丝绸的故乡。栽桑、养蚕、缫丝、
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)织绸是中国古代人民的伟大发明。商周时期丝绸的生产技术就已发展到相当高的水平。西汉时张骞通西域，把中原与波斯湾、地中海紧密联系起来，开辟了中外交流贸易的新纪元。从此中国的丝绸以其卓越的品质、精美的花色和丰富的文化内涵闻名于世，成为中国文化的象征。东方文明的使者。
十三.中国园林
Chinese
Classical
Garden
The
Chinese
class
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ical
garden
is
a
precious
treasure
of
our
ancient
Chinese
architecture.
It
is
a
kind
of
environment
art,
which
systematically
combines
artificial
mountains
and
rivers,
plants
and
buildings
with
the
natural
landscape.
The
construction
standard
of
a
Chinese
classical
garden
is
“artificial
as
it
is,
the
garden
must
look
ingenious
and
natural.”
When
you
go
sightseeing
in
a
Chinese
classical
garden,
you
should
be
able
to
appreciate
its
artistic
concept
which
“makes
use
of
the
natural
landscape
to
create
the
real
fun
of
mountains
and
rivers
for
viewers.”
Of
the
world’s
three
major
garden
systems,
the
Chinese
classical
garden
is
hailed
as
one
of
the
origins
of
the
world’s
garden
due
to
its
long
history
and
abundant
connotations.
?
中国园林是把人造的山水、植物、建筑等
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)与自然地貌有机结合的环境艺术，是我国古代建筑艺术的珍宝。其建造原则是“妙极自然，宛自天开”。游赏中国古典园林，能充分领略“假自然之景，创山水真趣”的园林意境。在世界三大园林体系中，中国园林历史悠久、内涵丰富，被誉为世界造园史上的渊源之一。?
十四.文房四宝（The
Four
Treasures
of
the
Study）
The
writing
brush
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?),
ink
stick,
ink
stone,
and
paper
were
requisite
treasures
in
the
study
of
the
scholars
of
ancient
China,
and
they
are
often
referred
to
as
the
“Four
Treasures
of
the
Study.”
The
writing
brush
and
ink
stick
have
been
used
by
the
Chinese
to
write
and
paint
since
5,000
years
ago.
In
the
Qin
Dynasty
(221BC---206BC),
people
already
used
feathers
of
different
hardness
and
bamboo
trunks
to
make
brushes.
During
the
Han
Dynasty
(206BC-220AD),
man-made
ink
was
used
instead
of
natural
ink.
After
paper
was
invented
by
the
Chinese,
bamboo
slips,
wooden
tablets,
brocade
and
silk,
which
originally
functioned
as
writing
surfaces,
gradually
faded
out.
The
ink
stone
was
first
developed
with
the
use
of
writing
brushes
and
ink.
After
the
Song
Dynasty
(960AD---1279AD),
the
“Four
Treasure
of
the
Study”
particularly
referred
to
hubi,
the
writing
brush
produced
in
Huzhou,
Zhejiang
province;
huimo,
the
ink
stick
produced
in
Huizhou,
Anhui
province;
xuan
?paper,
a
kind
of
paper
produced
in
Xuanzhou,
Anhui
province;
and
duanyan,
the
ink
stone
made
in
Zhaoqing,
Guangdong
province
(Zhaoqing
was
earlier
called
Duanzhou).
Indeed,
the
Four
Treasures
of
the
Study”
have
writtin
the
whole
Chinese
civilization,
as
it
is.
笔墨纸砚是中国古代文人书
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)房当中必备的宝贝，被称为“文房四宝”。用笔墨书写绘画在中国可追溯到五千年前。秦时已用不同硬度的毛和竹管制笔；汉代以人工制墨替代了天然墨；有了纸张以后，简牍锦帛逐失其用；砚台则随笔墨的使用而发展。?“文房四宝”到宋朝以后特指湖笔、徽墨、宣纸、端砚。可以说文房四宝书写了整个中华文明。
十五.
中国印章（Chinese
Seal）
A
seal
can
al
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)so
be
defined
as
a
stamp.
Both
the
Chinese
official
and
private
seal
of
various
dynasties
have
different
titles,
such
as
stamp,
zhu
note,
contract,
fu,
lease
and
others.
The
seals
used
by
the
emperors
of
ancient
China
were
called
xi,
yin,
bao,
etc.
According
to
historical
records,
seals
were
widely
used
during
the
Warring
States
Period
(475BC-221BC).
The
making
of
a
seal
is
to
engrave
fonts,
such
as
seal
characters
and
official
script
and
so
on;
or
images
in
the
form
of
intaglio
and
embossment
into
the
seal,
basically
shaped
as
round
or
square.
Covered
with
a
vermilion
overlay,
the
Chinese
seal
is
not
only
used
in
daily
life,
but
it
is
also
used
to
represent
signatures
on
paintings
and
calligraphies.
It
is
gradually
becoming
one
of
China’s
unique
artworks.
?
印章就是图章。中国历代官、私所用
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)的印章有印信、朱记、合同、符、契等等不同的称谓，而帝王所用的印章古时称玺、印、宝、章等。据史料记载，印章在战国时代已普遍使用。印章的制作是将篆隶等字体、图像用阴、阳的形式雕刻而成，形状以圆、方为主。印章用朱色???钤盖，除日常应用外，又多用于书画题识，逐渐成为中国特有的艺术形式之一。?
十六.
天干地支（Chinese
Era）
The
Chinese
era
i
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)s
the
symbol
that
the
Chinese
calendar
uses
for
recording
and
naming
years.
The
ten
Heavenly
Stems
are:
jia,
yi,
bing,
ding,
wu,
ji,
geng,
xin,
ren,
gui.
The
twelve
Earthly
Branches
are:
zi.chou,
yin,
mou,
chen,
si,
wu,
wei,
shen,
you,
xu,
hai.
After
observing
the
lunar
month,
the
ancients
found
that
the
moon
always
wazes
and
wanes
roughly
12
times
a
year,
and
two
lunar
months
account
for
about
60
days,
so
the
order
of
the
ten
Heavenly
Stems
and
the
order
of
the
twelve
Earthly
Branches
are
properly
matched
in
turn.
In
terms
of
recording
date,
60
years
is
considered
to
be
a
full
time
cycle.
The
Chinese
era
chronology
was
first
invented
in
ancient
times
and
is
still
in
use
now.?
天干地支是中国历法中用以记录和命名年
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)岁的方法。十天干为：甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、已、庚、辛、壬、癸；十二地支为：子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戊、亥。古人观测朔望月，发现月亮圆缺12次大体上是一年的天数，而两个朔望月约是60天。古人以十天干与十二地支的顺序依次相配，记录不同年份，60年为一个轮回。干支纪年法从古沿用至今。
十七．中国画（The
Chinese
paitings）
⑴It’s
interesting
that
Chinese
paintings
can
be
created
on
the
spot.
⑵The
Chinese
do
p
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)aintings
with
brushes,
dipping
their
brushes
in
ink
or
paint
and
then
skillfully
wielding
them.
⑶Painters
produce
o
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)n
the
paper
pictures
with
lines
and
dots——some
heavy,
and
some
light,
and
some
deep,
and
some
pale.
⑴真有意思：中国画是可以现场表演的。
⑵中国人绘画采用毛笔蘸墨汁或颜色，灵巧的挥洒在纸上。
⑶画家用深、浅、浓、淡的点和线构成一幅图画。
十八.中西医(Chinese
Medicine)
⑴Usually
a
Chine
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)se
medicine
practitioner
approaches
the
illness
from
a
broader
perspective,
emphasizing
its
entirety
and
dialectical
implications.21
cnjy
com
⑵A
Western
d
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)octor
deals
directly
with
symptoms.
For
instance,
if
someone
has
a
sore
throat,
a
Western
doctor
will
treat
it
as
a
throat
problem,
while
a
Chinese
doctor
may
link
it
to
the
disorder
of
the
patient’s
stomach.
⑶A
Chinese
doctor
ex
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)amines
his
patient
by
using
method
like
observing,
smelling,
asking
and
feeling.
His
Western
counterpart
relies
on
symtoms
or
evidence
like
body
temperature
and
lab
tests.
⑷For
people
with
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
terminal
diseases,
Chinese
medicine
may
be
their
last
resort.
Chinese
medicine
can
not
only
alleviate
pain,
but
also
offers
the
option
of
a
different
treatment.
⑴中医通常从宏观角度认识问题，强调整体性和辩证施治。
⑵西医则从微观入手。比如一个人咽喉痛，西医诊断为咽炎，中医则有可能判断为脾胃失衡的症状。
⑶中医通过望闻问切来诊病；西医注重症状，重证据。
⑷对于那些身患绝症的人来说，中医也许是他们最后的希望，它可以缓解病痛，为患者提供另一种治疗方案。
十九．书法艺术（The
Art
of
Calligraphy
）
⑴Over
2000
years
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
ago,
Emperor
Qin
Shihuang
,
the
first
Emperor
in
Chinese
history,
established
the
official
Chinese
writing
characters.
⑵Calligraphy
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
also
had
its
practical
values
because
it
was
a
good
way
to
make
friends
and
was
more
presentable
as
a
gift
rather
than
jewelry
or
money.
⑶Many
people
pr
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)actice
calligraphy
as
a
way
to
raise
their
culture
accomplishment.
Older
people
use
calligraphy
writing
as
a
method
to
keep
fit.
⑷I
had
thought
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)computers
would
lead
to
the
disappearance
of
Chinese
calligraphy.
Now
I
understand
that’s
not
likely
to
happen.
How
can
you
give
your
boss
computer-printed
calligraphy
as
a
gift.
⑸The
brush
is
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
traditional
Chinese
writing
tool.
Its
tip
is
made
of
soft
hair
from
a
sheep,
weasel
or
rabbit.
⑴两千多年前，中国的第一个皇帝秦始皇统一了中国的文字。
⑵书法还有着实际的效用，比如结交朋友。比起珠宝或金钱，送人一幅书法作品就来得高雅、体面。
⑶很多人研习书法的目的是提升文化素养，老年人学习书法是为了保健强身。
⑷我一直认为电脑的出现会导致中国书法的衰落。现在看来，这不太可能。你怎么能拿着一幅从电脑中打印出来的书法作品送给上司呢？
⑸毛笔是中国的传统书写工具。笔尖由羊毛、黄鼬毛或兔毛制成。毛笔的毫毛既软又有弹性。
二十.放风筝（Kite-flying）
⑴Kite-flying
has
been
an
old
Chinese
pastime.
⑵Records
about
the
activity
were
mentioned
as
back
2,500
years
ago.
⑶Over
the
centuries,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
people
have
developed
kites
known
for
their
beauty.
⑷People
are
able
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to
make
them
look
like
swallows,
geese,
frogs,
butterflies,
peacocks,
crabs
and
many
other
animals.
【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
⑸Now
people
will
fly
kites
in
early
spring
and
autumn.
⑹It’s
really
a
very
beautiful
scene
with
kites
flying
in
the
sky.
⑴放风筝是中国一项古老的娱乐活动。
⑵2500年前，就有放风筝的记载。
⑶几个世纪以来，风筝因为它的样式美观而众所周知。
⑷人们把它做成诸多动物的形状，比如燕子、鹅、青蛙、蝴蝶、孔雀、螃蟹等。
⑸现在人们在初春和初秋放风筝。
⑹天空中飞着风筝，真实非常漂亮的景观啊！
第三部分、中华习俗
一．餐桌礼仪Table
Manners（1）
⑴Table
manners
in
China
are
quite
different
from
those
of
westeners.
⑵In
China,it’s
okay
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
to
talk
while
eating.However,you
may
regard
it
as
rude.
⑶You
will
considered
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
a
well-connected,sociable
man,
if
you
keep
involved
in
the
conversation
all
the
time.21教育网
⑷Don’t
eat
fas
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)t!
People
usually
keep
their
dining
pace
accorded
with
others.
And
all
the
dishes
should
not
be
eaten
up
completely.
⑸It
is
a
cus
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)tom
and
good
manners
to
serve
tea
to
a
guest
who
comes
to
pay
a
visit.
There
is
no
need
to
ask
if
he
needs
it
or
not.
⑹It
wouldn’t
be
cons
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)idered
rude
behavior
if
he
doesn’t
even
take
a
single
drop.
But
he’d
better
receive
the
teacup
with
both
hands
and
bow
his
thanks
when
the
cup
is
brought
before
his
face.
When
the
host
pours
hot
water
into
his
cup,
he
may
also
choose
to
tap
his
index
finger
on
the
table,meaning”thanks”.
No
matter
if
he
likes
it
or
not,it
is
impolite
if
he
doesn’t
even
lay
a
finger
on
the
cup.
⑴中国的餐桌礼仪和西方的差别还是很大的。
⑵中国人认为吃饭时可以说话，相反你们会觉得这很没礼貌。
⑶如果在饭桌上你积极参与谈话，别人会觉得你一定是个善于交际、人缘很好的人。
⑷不要吃得太快，人们往往要跟其他人吃饭的进度保持一致。各个盘子都应该留下一点别吃完。
⑸给上门拜访的客人上茶确实是风俗礼节，不需要问他要不要喝茶，或者要不要别的东西。
⑹茶端到他面前的时候，他最好双手接住茶
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)杯，欠身致谢。主人给他倒茶时，他也可以在桌面上轻叩几下食指，表示“叩首谢谢”。不管他喜不喜欢，要是连碰都不碰一下茶杯，那就有失礼貌了。
二．餐桌礼仪Table
Manners（2）
⑴Table
manners
are
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)very
strict
during
a
Chinese
meal.
Respect
has
to
be
given
to
the
elderly.
Each
time
a
dish
is
served,
everyone
has
to
wait
until
the
elder
person
starts
or
,
“to
cut
the
ribbon”.
⑵The
food
is
bro
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ught
to
the
table
all
the
same
time
so
everybody
is
on
the
same
starting
line.
This
lacks
the
warm
atmosphere
which
prevails
at
a
Chinese
dinner.
21教育名师原创作品
⑶This
may
be
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)the
reason
why
it
is
always
noisy
at
a
Chinese
dinner
but
quiet
in
a
Western
restaurant.
⑷Alcohol
is
a
med
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ium
for
communicating
emotion
in
China.
Drinking
with
business
partners
or
would-be
friends
is
a
way
of
solidifying
friendship,
especially
in
Northern
China.
⑸You
will
be
s
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)et
free
at
a
Western
banquet.It
seems
we
are
keen
to
make
it
as
convenient
as
possibleto
savor
the
wine,its
color,its
aroma
and
its
delicate
taste.
⑹The
most
important
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
thing
is
that
the
goblet,table-cloth,and
plates
should
be
made
shiningly
clean,so
that
the
color
of
the
wine
is
clearly
visible
and
the
delicate
aroma
and
taste
are
fully
appreciable.
⑺At
the
Western
table
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?),remember
to
avoid
talking
so
loundly,or
talking
with
a
mouthful
food.
⑴中餐还有严格的餐桌礼仪。长辈要受到尊重。一盘菜上来，大家要先让长者举筷，这被称作“剪彩”。
⑵西餐中每个人点的菜都同时端上，大家在同一时间开始用餐，缺少了中国人相互礼让的过程，
⑶友好的气氛就差了许多。这也许就是中国人吃饭热热闹闹，西方人的餐桌相对安静的原因吧。
⑷在中国，喝酒时情感交流的介质。尤其是在北方，和业务伙伴或者“准朋友”喝酒可以增进感情。
⑸西式酒宴上，你可就自由了，我们乐意为品酒创造便利，品味就的颜色、气味和口感。
⑹所以有一点是很重要的，那就是酒杯、桌布和盘子都要擦得一尘不染，为的就是使就的颜色清楚可见，酒的口感和气味也能感受出来。
⑺在西餐桌上，记得不要大声说话，或边嚼边说话。
【拓展】文化差异
1.
Chewing
with
your
mouth
open.张开嘴咀嚼食物。
This
is
the
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)opposite
of
Chinese
Culture
where
they
appreciate
that
you
make
noise
while
eating.
Westerners
feel
this
is
disgusting
and
shows
a
complete
lake
of
manners.
Chew
with
your
mouth
shut!
中国人喜欢在咀嚼食物的时候发出声响，与中国文化相反，西方人认为这种行为极为讨厌，是缺乏礼貌的表现。嚼东西的时候要闭上嘴巴。
2.
Speaking
with
your
mouth
full.说话时满嘴食物。
This
is
considered
qui
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)te
rude
when
at
the
table.
Western
children
are
taught
from
a
very
early
age
never
to
do
this.
在餐桌上，这被认为是非常粗鲁的行为。西方人从小就受这方面的教导。
3.
Picking
teeth
/
Sucking
teeth.
剔牙
/
吮牙。
It
is
considere
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
rude
to
pick
between
your
teeth
where
others
can
see
you.
Western
restaurants
usually
do
not
supply
toothpicks
so
it
is
sometimes
hard
to
decide
when
to
remove
food
stuck
between
the
teeth.
It
is
usually
best
to
excuse
yourself
and
go
into
the
bathroom.
当着他人的面剔牙是很不礼貌的。西餐厅通常不提供牙签，所以有时候很难决定什么时候该剔牙。当确实需要清理牙缝间的食物时，最好是上洗手间。
4.
Elbows
on
the
table.手肘支在桌上。
While
eating
you
sho
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)uld
be
sitting
straight
up.
Do
not
put
your
elbows
on
the
table.
Putting
your
elbows
on
the
table
will
make
you
look
like
a
farmer.
用餐时应该身体坐直，手肘不要支在餐桌上。把手肘放在桌子上会让你看起来像个农民。
5.
Spitting
food
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
(bones,
skin,
etc.)
out
of
your
mouth.
直接从嘴里吐出食物（骨、皮等）。
This
is
not
d
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)one
in
Western
restaurants.
If
you
do
need
to
take
something
out
of
your
mouth,
bring
your
napkin
up
to
your
mouth
and
place
the
item
in
it.
在西方的餐厅里你是见不到这一幕的。真要这样做的话，应该把纸巾拿到嘴边，吐在纸巾上。
6.
Picking
up
your
plate
or
bowl.
捧起碗碟。
They
think
that
on
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ly
children
do
this.
Don’t
lean
over
and
slurp
from
the
plate
on
the
table
either.
Food
must
be
transported
from
the
dish
to
your
mouth
with
a
fork
or
a
spoon.
If
you’re
nervous
about
using
a
knife
and
fork,
buy
a
set
and
practice
at
home
until
you
feel
comfortable.21世纪教育网版权所有
西方人觉得这是小孩子才会有的
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)举动。也不要把嘴放在碗边直接吸取食物。要用勺子或叉子把食物放进嘴里。如果你不习惯用刀叉，那就买一套放在家里练习如何使用，直到运用自如。2·1·c·n·j·y
7.
Speaking
loudly.
大声讲话。
All
Westerners
try
to
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
keep
the
conversation
to
their
own
table.
If
the
whole
restaurant
can
hear
you,
you
are
speaking
too
loudly
and
it
will
be
considered
rude.
In
fact,
some
westerners
find
it
difficult
to
do
business
in
Chinese
restaurants
because
the
noise
level
is
just
too
high.21cnjy.com
用餐时，西方人只会与同桌的人
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)交谈。如果整个餐厅都会听到你的“演讲”，那你的声音就太大了。实际上，一些西方人认为在中国的餐馆里谈生意是件很困难的事情，因为噪音太大了。
8.
Passing
gas
/
Belching
/
Burping.
放屁
/
打嗝。
This
is
conside
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)red
rude
in
any
situation.
If
you
do
need
to
pass
gas,
excuse
yourself
and
go
to
the
bathroom.
Of
course
sometimes
this
is
out
of
your
control.
If
you
accidentally
pass
gas
loudly
in
front
of
others,
you
need
to
say,
“excuse
me”
and
quickly
start
talking
about
something
to
distract
the
people
around
you.
DO
NOT
discuss
any
details
about
your
gas,
or
any
bodily
function
at
the
table.
在任何场合下放屁或打嗝都是不雅的。如
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)果确实需要的话，要上洗手间解决。当然也有失控的时候。如果不小心当众放了响屁，要说“对不起”，而且要很快转移话题。千万不要大谈特谈“人之气”，也不要再餐桌上谈论任何与身体器官有关的内容。
9.
Cleaning
ears
with
fingernails.
用指甲挖耳孔。
This
is
not
done
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)in
public.
It
shouldn't
be
done
in
private
either!
It’s
dangerous.
Use
a
cotton
swab!
千万不要再大庭广众下用指甲挖耳。在没人的地方也不要这样做！用指甲挖很危险，最好用棉签。
10.Smoking.
吸烟。
While
others
are
stil
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)l
eating
or
even
when
everyone
has
finished
eating,
it
is
polite
to
ask
their
permission
if
you
can
smoke
at
the
table.
In
many
western
restaurants
you
will
be
asked
if
you
prefer
to
be
seated
in
the
smoking
or
non-smoking
section.
If
your
host
chooses
the
non-smoking
section,
you
will
have
to
excuse
yourself
from
the
table
to
smoke.
当其他人还没有吃完，或者就算所有人
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)都用完餐，如果要抽烟的话，要礼貌地征得大家的许可。在很多西餐厅里，你会闻到是愿意在吸烟区还是非吸烟区就差那。如果主人选择了非吸烟区，那你想抽烟时要征得同桌人的同意到外面去抽。
三.中国人崇尚的颜色China’s
Favorite
Colors
⑴Chinese
people
see
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)m
to
like
the
red
and
yellow
clors
a
lot.
The
two
colors
are
used
for
the
Chinese
national
flag.
⑵Maybe
because
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he
Hans
originated
in
the
Yellow
River
Plateau,
a
region
where
yellow
was
the
prevailing
color.
⑶Yellow
was
also
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he
color
representing
the
imperial
court
in
traditional
China.
During
the
Sui
Dynasty,
yellow
was
officially
designated
as
the
exlusive
color
for
the
imperial
family.
⑷In
olden
times,
a
person
could
be
beheaded
for
the
misuse
of
yellow.
⑸Red
represen
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ts
happiness.
For
example,
the
word“double
happiness”used
for
wedding
is
red.
The
bride
wears
red
clothes,
which
is
different
from
the
white
gowns
of
the
West.
⑹During
Chinese
Spring
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
Festival,
people
will
give
hong
bao,
or
red
envelopes
with
money
inside
to
the
children
as
well
wishes.
Couplets
hanging
on
both
sides
of
the
doors
are
written
in
red.
⑴中国人似乎很喜欢红黄两色。中国的国旗就是由这两种颜色组成。
⑵这也许是因为汉民族的发源地是黄土高原，这个地域满目黄土之色。
⑶在中国古代，黄色是皇权的象征。从隋朝起，黄色成为皇家专用的颜色。
⑷古时，用错了黄色会杀头。
⑸红是喜庆的象征。比如结婚时的双喜字是红色的，新娘要穿红色的嫁衣，这与西方穿白色婚纱不同。
⑹春节时，送晚辈压岁钱要用红纸包了，称“红包”，以示吉祥。对联也是用红纸书写，贴在大门的两侧。
四．喝茶The
Tea-Drinking（1）
⑴Believe
it
or
not,
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
tea
is
the
most
popular
beverage
in
the
world
afer
water.
⑵China
is
the
homeland
of
tea.
⑶Did
you
know
that
te
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)a,
the
most
popular
drink
in
the
world
,
was
invented
by
accident.
⑷Some
leaves
from
a
ne
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)arby
bush
fell
into
the
boiling
water
and
remained
there
before
some
time.
⑸The
emperor
Shen
N
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ung
noticed
that
leaves
in
the
water
produced
a
pleasant
smell.
⑹The
tea
bag
was
not
made
with
drinking
in
mind.
⑺A
tea
impor
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ter
was
sending
out
samples
of
tea
that
were
packaged
in
silk
bags.
Not
knowing
any
better,
his
customers
put
the
entire
bags
into
the
pot
and
added
hot
water.
It
turned
out
that
the
tea
tasted
fine,and
the
customers
liked
how
easy
the
bags
were
to
clean
up.
⑴你知道吗？除了水，世界上最受欢迎的饮料就是茶了。
⑵茶起源于中国。
⑶你知道吗？世界上最流行的饮料——茶，是在偶然的机会里被发明出来的。
⑷当时附近树上落下几片叶子，飘到开水里，在水里煮了一会儿。
⑸神农帝发现开水中的叶子产生一种香香的味道。
⑹茶包本来不是用来喝茶的。
⑺曾有一位茶叶进口商送了一些用丝质袋子
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)包装的茶叶样品给顾客。他的顾客不知情，将整个袋子放在茶壶里泡热水。结果发现茶的为傲不错，而且用袋子就比较清理，顾客很喜欢这点。
五.The
Tea-Drinking（2）
喝茶
⑴The
Chinese
p
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)eople,
in
their
drinking
of
tea,
place
much
significance
on
the
act
of
“savoring”.
⑵In
classica
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)l
novels,
if
someone
drinks
tea
out
of
a
big
cup
to
quench
his
thirst,
the
word
used
to
illustrate
this
action
is
“drink”,
like
a
cow
drinking
water.
Scholars
wou
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ld
use
fine
cups
to
drink
tea
and
the
word
to
use
is
“savour”.
⑶In
the
old
days,
peop
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)le
used
iron
kettles
to
boil
water.
Tea
was
placed
in
a
paper
bag.
Porcelain
cups
were
used
for
drinking.
⑷The
water
came
fro
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)m
melted
snow
which
was
collected
from
plum
blossom
trees
the
previous
winter
and
stored
underground
in
a
jar.
No
one
collects
snow
any
more
because
of
pollution
so
people
use
bottled
water
instead.
⑸Tea
has
categories:re
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)d
tea,
green
tea,
Wulong
tea
and
Pu’er
tea.
The
first
three
types
of
tea
are
processed
using
similar
methods
but
Pu’er
tea
uses
a
totally
different
method.
It
contains
a
kind
of
fungus
which
is
believed
to
be
healthy.
The
fungus
will
ferment
on
its
own
after
the
tea
is
processed.
That’s
why
expensive
Pu’er
tea
is
always
quite
old.
⑴中国人饮茶，注重一个“品”字。
⑵在古典小说中，某人用大杯喝茶解渴被称为“饮”，指此人像牛般饮水；而雅士用精致的茶具喝茶被称为“品”。
⑶古人用铁壶烧水，用纸袋装茶，用瓷杯饮茶。
⑷泡茶的水是前一年冬天从梅花树上收集起来的，装在瓷坛中埋入地下的雪水。因为污染，没有人再收集雪水泡茶，取而代之的是瓶装矿泉水。
⑸茶大概分为这样几种：红茶
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)、绿茶、乌龙茶和普洱茶。前三种茶的制作方法是一样的，普洱茶的制作方法则不同。普洱茶本身含有一种有益的霉菌，在制成后会随着时间而自然发酵。这也是普洱茶年头越长越值钱的原因。
六．The
Secret
of
Numbers
数字的秘密
⑴In
Cantonese
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?),
the
number
“8”
has
a
similar
pronounciation
to,the
word
“prosper.”
⑵Guangdong
is
one
of
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he
first
provinces
to
benefit
from
China’s
open
policy.
There
is
a
lot
of
temptation
to
become
wealthy
,
so
“8”is
a
lucky
number
for
people
in
Guangdong.
⑶“6”is
often
associat
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ed
with
smoothness.
Many
people
like
to
choose
a
date
for
their
weddings
which
includes
the
number
“6”.
⑷In
contrast,
“4”is
t
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)he
least
favorable,
because
it
sounds
very
similar
to
the
word,
“death”.
Many
building
s
do
not,
even,
use
the
number
for
their
elevator
programming.
⑸Now,
as
a
result
of
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)Western
influence,
more
Chinese
people
started
to
dislike
the
number
“13”.
⑴广东话里“8”与“发”同音，有发财的意思。
⑵广东是中国最先受益于改革开放政策的省份之一，金钱的诱惑力很大，人人豆做着发财的梦，因此“8”成为人们偏爱的数字。
⑶“6”有顺利之意，许多人爱选带“6”的日子作为结婚日子。
⑷相比之下，“4”与“死”同音，是最不讨人喜欢的数字。不少建筑物甚至没有“4”层。
⑸现在，受西方文化的影响，许多中国人开始讨厌数字“13”了。
七．美食的色相The
Color
of
Food
⑴There
are
eight
m
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)ajor
culinary
styles
in
China.
Color
combinations
reflect
the
local
features
of
each
style.
⑵Take
Guangdong
fo
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)od
for
example.
Because
it
is
hot
and
humid
there,
people
are
mindful
of
the
heat
on
their
internal
organs.
Therefore
Guangdong
food
is
mild
in
both
taste
and
color
combinations.
You
don’t
find
a
lot
of
hot
and
spicy
food
in
Guangdong
dishes
because
warm
color
in
the
hot
summer
can
be
repulsive
to
people’s
appetite.
⑶Sichuan
food
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)
is
just
the
opposite.
Sichuan
is
also
very
humid
but,unlike
Guangdong,
Sichuan
people
choose
to
use
extremely
hot
peppers
to
open
their
stomach.
⑴中国有八大菜系，在色相上体现出地域的特点。
⑵比如粤菜，出自广东，哪里气候炎热而潮
(?http:?/??/?www.21cnjy.com?)湿，人们特别在意五脏燥热，所以广东菜色泽和味道均以清淡为主，辛辣的食物在粤菜中不多见。因为炎热的天气，暖色调的食物会让人没有食欲。
⑶川菜就不同，四川气候也湿热，但与广东不同，四川人选择用极辣的辣椒来对付食欲低下。
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