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湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试试题（政治）
一、单项选择题（本大题共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是最符合题目要求的，请将你认为正确的选项填入后面的答题卡内。）
1．针对当前煤电油供应趋紧的形势，2011年6月1日国家发改委指出，将继续采取综合性措施，增加有效供给，通过有保有限等措施，抑制不合理需求，确保居民生活、重点领域用电，“绝不允许拉限居民生活用电”。从根本上说是因为
A．国家履行组织社会主义经济建设职能 B．在我国，公民当家作主
C．我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家　 D．国家机构坚持对人民负责的原则
2．2011年3月3日至14日，全国两会在北京胜利召开。来自各个民族、各条战线的人大代表和政协委员，既有德高望重、经验丰富的老代表，也有朝气蓬勃、初展头角的年轻人。他们职业不同、经历各异。这充分说明我国
A．民主权利具有真实性 B．社会主义民主具有法律保障
C．民主主体具有广泛性 D．社会主义民主具有物质保障
3．坚持人民民主专政是新中国成立60多年来的宝贵经验。我国必需坚持人民民主专政，主要是因为
①人民民主专政在概念上直接体现了民主与专政的统一 ②坚持人民民主专政是我国的立国之本，已被写入我国宪法 ③人民民主专政具有广泛性和真实性的特点 ④坚持人民民主专政是社会主义现代化建设的政治保证
A．①④ B．②③④ C．②④ D．①②③④
4．中共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅下发的《关于健全和完善村务公开和民主管理制度的意见》，对落实农民群众的知情权、决策权、参与权、监督权（“四权”）提出了许多新的明确的政策措施，为农民群众依法维护自己的民主权利提供了依据和保障。这表明
①我国是人民民主专政的国家 ②广大人民群众是国家的主人
③人民民主是有制度保障的 ④我国的民主是全民的民主
A．①②④ B．①④ C．①②③④ D．①②③
5．不少网站都提示网民注意，在发表言论时，要注意遵守中华人民共和国的有关法律、法规，尊重网上道德、承担一切因您的行为而直接或间接引起的法律责任。上述提示表明
A．权利和义务没有质的区别 B．享有权利比履行义务更为重要
C．在我国，公民在法律面前一律平等　　 D．在我国，公民权利与义务是统一的
6．近年来，一些党政高官因贪污腐败被司法机关判刑，成为阶下囚。到当前为止，已有北京、上海、广东、重庆、云南、四川、陕西、黑龙江8个省级行政区公布了2009年查处官员职务犯罪案件的相关数据。这些省级行政区去年共查办官员职务犯罪案件8810件，查处涉案官员逾1.46万人。这主要表明
A．我国公民在法律面前一律平等 B．我国司法机关坚持依法行政
C．公民的权利和义务是不可分割的 D．我国政府坚持对人民负责原则
7．2011年5月，公安部下发通知，要求各地公安机关在查处卖淫嫖娼违法犯罪活动时，要坚决制止游街示众等有损违法人员人格尊严的做法。严禁重效果、轻人权，无视法律、全凭习惯，“游街示众”的执法方式。这说明
①任何公民的违法犯罪行为都受法律制裁 ②权利和义务是统一的，二者不可分离
③任何公民都平等地享有法律规定的权利 ④任何公民的合法权益都受法律保护
A．①② B．①③ C．③④ D．②③
8．“风声、雨声、读书声，声声入耳；家事、国事、天下事，事事关心。”这副对联给我们点启示是
A．政治生活是社会生活的基础 B．青少年应努力学习科学文化知识
C．青少年应积极参与政治生活 D．读书是为了参与政治生活
9．在差额选举中，候选人可以采取多种方式向选民介绍自己，开展竞选，这种竞选方式
的优点是
①有助于选民了解候选人 ②导致虚假宣传，夸大候选人的能力
③使候选人向选民展示自己的管理理念 ④可以充分考虑当选者结构的合理性
A．①② B．②③ C．①③ D．②④
10．为创新干部选拔机制、提高选人用人公信度，2010年11月，湘西自治州在湖南省探路基层党内民主，公推直选产生了两名乡镇党委书记。公推直选（指把党委直接提名和委任变为在党组织领导下，通过党员个人的自我推荐、党员群 众的联名推荐、党组织的推荐这三个环节产生候选人，然后由全体党员直接参与选举领导班子）这种选举方式的优点在于
A．每个选民都有直接表达意愿的机会
B．在选民较多、分布较广的情况下适用
C．为选民行使选举权提供了选择的余地，在被选举入之间形成竞争
D．可以充分考虑当选者结构的合理性
11．2010年1-2月，温家宝总理主持五次座谈会，就正在编写的《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要》听取各级各类学校校长和教师代表，教育专家和学者，大、中学生及学生家长代表的意见和建议。在这五次座谈会上，公民是
①通过社情民意反映制度参与民主决策 ②通过社会听证制度参与民主决策
③通过重大事项社会公示制度参与民主决策 ④通过专家咨询制度参与民主决策
A．②③ B．①② C．①④ D．①②③④
12．根据上题材料，充分听取教育专家和学者的意见
A．可以提高决策的透明度 B．可以提高决策的科学性
C．可以提高公众的参与度 D．可以保护公众的知情权
13．听证会这种公众参与影响社会政策的实践模式，正在我们生活中发挥越来越大的作用，已成为社会焦点。实行社会听证制度反映了
①行政决策机关和决策人员审慎决策，防止决策的随意性和减少决策失误 ②政府坚持科学决策、民主决策 ③人民的民主权利有了法律保障 ④我国民主制度不断健全
A．①②② B．①③④ C．②③④ D．①②④
14．2008年11月15日，杭州地铁施工现场发生大面积塌陷事件。中国工程院院士王梦恕教授在接受采访时指出，专家意见多被领导意见替代是造成事故发生的重要原因。这说明了政府施政过程中__________的重要性。
A．民主决策 B．民主选举 C．民主监督 D．民主管理
15．《人民日报》报道，贵州省锦屏县圭叶村的村民们，制造出一种让人叹为观止的财政民主形式，把一枚公章一破为五，由各村小组各选一个代表再加上一名支部委员各管一瓣，村里的开销须经过其中至少三人同意，五瓣才能合并起来盖章，从而保证村民委员会的清正廉洁。对于村民委员会认识正确的是
①是我国的基层政权组织 ②是我国的基层群众性自治组织
③是我国民主的重要组织形式 ④由乡镇人民代表大会产生
A．①② B．②③ C．②④ D．①③
16．在村民自治实践中，广大村民创造出很多形式来监督村干部和村民委员会的工作。下列哪些形式能起到这种作用
①村务公开 ②重大事项社会听证制度
③民主评议村干部 ④村委会定期报告工作
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①③④
17．某乡通过开展全体村民“直评”村委会成员活动，进一步保障和扩大村民的知情权、参与权和监督权。全体村民“直评”村委会成员有利于
A．规范政府行为，保障村民权益 B．村民行使管理国家的权力
C．发展基层民主，实现村民自治 D．我国基层政权进一步完善
18．某市引入社会评议机制，交通局因连续两次在部门服务社会评议中名列末位，其领导班子被迫“总辞”，五位责任人分别受到降职调任处理。引入社会评议机制的理论依据是
①社会评议是公民权利的体现 ②社会评议是公民义务的表现 ③社会评议是民主监督的方式 ④社会评议是行政权力的来源
A．①②③ B．②④ C．①③ D．①③④
19．某高一学生希望市政府机关部门在地铁站附近设置自行车停车点和租赁点，以方便市民出行。他表达意愿的方式可以是
①通过人大代表转达 ②给市长信箱“留言”
③拨打“市民热线” ④向《××晚报》反映
A．① B．②③ C．①②③ D．①②③④
2010年10月12日，湖南衡阳市委、市政府召开“网友看衡阳”座谈会，衡阳市领导就重大项目、城市品位、社区服务、新农村建设等老百姓关心的话题向31名网友“问政”，气氛活跃，别开生面。据此回答20～21题。
20．通过网络表达诉求和见解，正在成为衡阳老百姓参与政治的新形式和潮流。这表明：
A．网友直接行使国家权力
B．网络开辟了中国特色民主的新渠道，有利于我国全民民主的实现
C．网络问政有利于社会主义民主政治建设的推进
D．网友监督政府已成为反腐倡廉的主要途径
21．衡阳市政府力推召开“网友看衡阳”座谈会，网民参与热情高涨。对此你的评价是
①我国政府与人民保持着密切的联系 ②体现了对人民主人地位的尊重，努力建设亲民政府 ③网络上的建议和意见并不一定能体现在政府的决策中，这只是一种形式主义的民主 ④这样做能更好让人相信政府、支持政府、配合政府，建设和谐衡阳
A．①②③ B．①②④ C．②③④ D．①③④
22．2011年3月10日，云南省盈江县发生5.8级地震，地震已造成25人死亡，250人受伤。国务院救灾工作组当日晚间火速抵达盈江地震灾区，展开伤员救治、遇难人员善后和群众的转移安置等各项救灾工作。从国家职能上看，这是因为
A．我国实行人民代表大会制度，人民是国家的主人
B．国家应履行社会公共服务职能
C．国家机构坚持对人民负责的原则
D．我国是人民民主专政的社会主义国家
23．一段时期以来，有些地方在考察任命干部时，不看德、能、勤，只看上报的材料和数字指标，于是出现了“弹簧数字”、“无据数字”、说大话、说假话现象。这种考察干部的过程明显没有
①坚持对人民负责原则 ②坚持求真务实的工作作风
③坚持公民在法律面前一律平等的原则 ④坚持权利与义务相统一原则
A．①② B．①③ C．②③ D．②④
24．每年清明节，上海市市民扫墓出行成为一大难题。今年清明前夕上海市政府通过短信
和媒体提醒市民扫墓注意行车路线，扫墓祭祀注意防火和安全，截止现在为止，今年清明
节上海市扫墓组织井然有序，未发生严重堵塞和安全事故。如果要将上述事件写成新闻报
道，最合适的标题是
A．转变职能，政府性质逐渐改变 B．以人为本，政府服务更加完善
C．重视安全，政府职能日益多样 D．执政为民，政府权力不断扩大
25．今年初，某市政府召开新闻发布会，市长承诺市政府在新的一年将继续办好人民最关心的十件实事。这表明
A．依法治国是政府的组织活动原则 B．公民通过社情民意反映制度参与民主决策
C．为人民服务是政府的宗旨 D．政府遵循权责统一的原则
26．某市市民通过当地报纸表达了有关市政交通设施改造拖延竣工带来交通不便的意见后，该市建委认真听取意见，及时采取严厉措施加快了工程进度，广大市民对政府工作表示满意和认同。如果将上述事件写成新闻报道，你认为最合适的标题是
A．廉洁从政无愧人民公仆 B．接受监督求真务实为民
C．公正司法树立法律权威 D．政务公开建设法治政府
27．2008年6月18日，新华社受权发布，就加强市县两级政府依法行政的相关问题予以明确规定。依法行政，就是要求
①各级党组织要立党为公、执政为民　②各级政府及其工作人员必须严格依法行使行政权力 ③各级政府及其工作人员必须依法处理国家行政事务　④各级司法机关必须严格执法、公正司法
A．①③ B．②③ C．③④ D．②④
28．某市政府规定，“凡是市政府发布或经市政府同意以部门名义印发的涉及经济社会发展和人民群众切身利益的重要文件，均需进行解读”。强调解读文件“要使用人民群众读得懂、听得明的语言”。这一措施
A．保障人民群众享有更多的决策权
B．体现了政府从群众中来，到群众中去的工作方法
C．能使人民群众直接履行政府职能
D．有利于人民群众了解和促进政府工作
29．从行政监督体系来看，对我国政府具有外部监督职能的国家机关有
①国家权力机关的监督　 ②人民政协的监督
③司法机关的监督　 ④监察局及审计部门的监督
A．①③ B．①②③ C．①②③④ D．①③④
30．区别有权威政府与无权威政府的根本标志是
A．政府官员是否由人民选举产生 B．政府是否站在公民的利益立场上
C．政府的管理和服务是否被人民认可和接受 D．政府是否自觉接受人民的监督
华鑫中学2011-2012学年度第二学期期中考试答题卡
高 一 政 治
一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共60分）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
二、非选择题（共40分）
31．（8分）教育公平是最近几年社会广泛关注的问题。2010年教育公平备受考验，“浙江高考航模加分”和“重庆31名学生民族成分造假”等事件的曝光，让教育面临着公共信任危机。当前，教育不公平主要表现在教育资源分配不合理、乱收费现象普遍存在等方面。在我国教育资源有限的情况下，如何公平分配这些资源，规范学校收费，使老百姓感受到公正，成为近年“两会”代表重点讨论的内容。不少网站开设专栏，让公众参与讨论，引起强烈的社会反响，部分公众的观点还成为政府决策的依据。
为防止教育乱收费等现象的发生，公民可以发挥哪些监督形式的作用？
32．（12分）某市环境污染严重，违法建设、违法生产、违法排污的“三违”企业大量存在，群众反映强烈。市政府根据群众呼声，将整治的重点放在由干部失职、渎职、违纪违法和侵害群众切身利益行为引发的矛盾纠纷等难点热点问题上，并开展以“机关融入基层、干部融入群众、解决民生信访、化解基层矛盾、构建和谐城市”为主要内容的“双融双解一构建”活动。他们在乡镇建立了“便民信访举报工作站”，在村里建立了“便民信访举报工作点”，使信访问题在家门口得到解决，同时还建立“十长”接访制，全市各主要部门负责人在每周三负责接待来访群众，认真听取群众意见，现场解决群众反映的问题。 　　
结合上述材料，运用政治生活知识说明，该市政府是怎样坚持对人民负责原则的？
33．（20分） 近几年沿海某市在经济发展、社会进步的同时，面临着以下问题：
①房价上涨比较快，中低价位、中小户型房屋严重供不应求；
②10%最高收入家庭的财产总额是10%最低收入家庭的30倍；
③某些政府公职人员失职渎职，“官煤勾结”，煤矿事故频繁发生；
④多家化工企业严重污染环境，市民怨声载道；
⑤刑事案件时有发生，扰乱社会秩序。
该市政府坚持“忧民之所忧、乐民之所乐”的理念，构建社会主义和谐社会。针对上述问题在网上公开征集市民建议，开展“市民论坛”活动，问计于民。
（1）该市政府问计于民的做法，体现了《政治生活》哪些道理？（12分）
（2）假如你被选为该市“市民论坛”代表，请就该市所面临的问题向政府提出几条合理化建议（8分）。
高一政治期中考试参考答案
31、①通过信访举报制度行使监督权，给有关国家机关写信、打电话或向有关人员当面提出意见、批评、建议。（2分）
②通过人大代表联系群众制度实行民主监督，将自己的意见、建议和要求反映给人大代表，形成议案，上传到国家权力机关。（2分）
③通过舆论监督制度行使监督权，依法在新闻媒体上公开发表意见。（2分）
④参加监督听证会、民主评议会、网上评议政府等活动。（2分）
（2）①政府应履行社会主义经济建设职能，加强对房地产行业和收入分配的调节，以提高人民生活水平，构建和谐社会。(2分)
②政府应保障人民民主和维护国家长治久安，保障劳动者权益和安全，依法严厉打击各种违法犯罪活动，加强社会治安综合治理；(2分)
③政府应加强政府社会公共服务职能，建设环境友好型社会。(2分)
④政府要依法行政，自觉接受人民监督，加强廉政建设，有效监督政府行使权力，确保公职人员的廉洁。(2分)
（从政府的宗旨、工作的基本原则、科学民主决策、政府的权威等方面回答可酌情给分。）
姓名 班级
密
封
线湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试化学（理）试题
本试卷分为第Ⅰ卷和第Ⅱ卷。第Ⅰ卷为选择题，共25到试题；第Ⅱ卷为非选择题，共7道试题。考试时量为90分钟，满分100分。
可能用到的相对原子质量：C-12；O-16；Na-23；Mg-24；Al-27；Ca-40；Fe-56；Cu-64；
第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共50分）
一、选择题（本题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）
1．前不久，我国科学家合成了三种新核素，其中一种是Hf。下列关于Hf的叙述中，
正确的是
A．该元素的原子序数是72 B．该元素的原子序数是113
C．该核素的中子数为72 D．该元素的相对原子质量为了185
2．有六种微粒，它们分别是：、、、＋、2＋、－，它们所属元素的种类为
A. 3种 B. 4种 C. 5种 D. 6种
3．已知氯元素天然存在Cl、Cl两种同位素，若知氯元素的相对原子质量为35.5，则Cl
所占的原子百分比是
A．25% B．75% C．50% D．80%
4．下表为部分短周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价的有关信息，以下叙述正确的是
元素代号 L M Q R T
原子半径／nm 0.160 0.143 0. 112 0.104 0.066
主要化合价 ＋2 ＋3 ＋2 ＋6、－2 －2
A．氢化物的沸点为H2T＜H2R B．单质与稀盐酸反应的速率为L＜Q
C．M与T形成的化合物具有两性 D．L2＋与R2－的核外电子数相等
5．从如图所示的某气体反应的能量变化分析，以下判断错误的是
A．这是一个放热反应
B．该反应可能需要加热
C．生成物的总能量低于反应物的总能量
D．反应物比生成物更稳定
6．下列有关化学用语使用正确的是
A．S2-的结构示意图 B．NH3的结构式
C．CO2的电子式 D．HCl的电子式
7．下列说法错误的是
A．含有共价键的化合物一定是共价化合物
B．在共价化合物中一定含有共价键
C．含有离子键的化合物一定是离子化合物
D．双原子单质分子中的共价健一定是非极性键
8．一定量的Zn与足量的稀盐酸反应制氢气，为了加快制取氢气的速率且不影响制得氢气
的量，向稀盐酸中加入下列物质：①石墨粉 ②CuO ③Pt粉 ④Cu粉 ⑤Fe粉 ，
其中可行的是
A、①②③④⑤ B、①③⑤ C、①③④⑤ D、①③④
9．下列各组中属于同位素的是
A．与 B．T2O与H2O C．与 D．金刚石与石墨
10．在一定温度下的定容容器中，当下列物理量不再发生变化时，表明可逆反应：
A(s)+3B(g)C(g)+2D(g)已达到平衡状态的标志是
①混合气体的压强；②混合气体的密度；③B的物质的量浓度；④气体总物质的量；
⑤混合气体的平均相对分子质量；⑥V正(C)=3V逆(B)反应速率的比值
A. ②③⑤ B. ①②③ C. ②③④⑥ D. ①③④⑤
11．阴离子Xn- 含中子N个，X的质量数为A，则mg的X元素的气态氢化物中含质子的物质的量是
A、 B、
C、 D、
12．下列各组物质的性质比较，正确的是
A．酸性：HClO4＞H3PO4＞H2SO4
B．氢化物稳定性：H2S＞HF＞H2O
C．碱性：NaOH＞Mg(OH)2＞Ca(OH)2
D．氧化性：F2＞Cl2＞Br2＞I2
13．合成氨的反应中：4NH3(g)＋5O2(g)4NO(g)＋6H2O(g)，在四种不同条件下分别测
得反应速率如下：
①V(NH3)=0.8mol·L-1·min-1 ②V(O2)=1.1mol·L-1·min-1
③V(H2O)=1.4mol·L-1·min-1 ④V(NO) =1.2mol·L-1·min-1
则反应速率最快的是
A．① B．② C．③ D．④
14．aXn－ 和bYm+ 为两主族元素的离子，它们的电子层结构相同，下列判断错误的是
A．原子半径X＜Y B．a＋n＝b－m
C．Y最高价氧化物的化学式为YOm D．Xn－ 离子的半径大于Ym+ 离子的半径
15．右表为元素周期表前四周期的一部分，下列有关R、W、X、Y、Z五种元素的叙述中，
正确的是
A．常压下五种元素的单质中，Z单质的沸点最高
B．Y、Z的阴离子电子层结构都与R原子的相同
C．R的化学性质较活泼
D．Y元素的非金属性比W元素的非金属性强
16.下列元素的原子半径依次减小的是
A. Na、Mg、Al B. N、F 、O C. P、Si、Al D. C、Si、
17. 下列装置能够组成原电池的是
葡萄糖 硫酸铜 酒精 稀硫酸
A B C D
18.下列关于188O的叙述中，错误的是
A、质子数为8 B、中子数为8 C、电子数为8 D、质量数为18
19．元素性质呈周期性变化的原因是
A．相对原子质量逐渐增大 B．核电荷数逐渐增大
C．原子核外电子排布呈周期性变化 D．元素的化合价呈周期性变化
20．在元素周期表中，金属元素与非金属元素分界线附近，能找到
A．制半导体材料的元素 B．制农药的元素
C．制催化剂的元素 D．制耐高温合金的元素
21.下面是用电子式表示某些物质的形成过程，其中正确的是
22.氯仿(CHCl3)可作麻醉剂，但常因保存不妥而被氧气氧化，产生剧毒物质光气(COCl2)，其化学反应方程式为2CHCl3＋O2―→2HCl＋2COCl2，为了防止事故的发生，在使用前需检验氯仿是否变质，应选用的试剂是
A．氢氧化钠溶液 B．盐酸
C．硝酸银溶液 D．水
23.下图是CH4、CCl4、CH3Cl的分子球棍模型图。下列说法正确的是
A．CH4、CCl4和CH3Cl都是正四面体结构
B．CH4、CCl4都是正四面体结构
C．CH4和CCl4中的化学键完全相同
D．CH4、CCl4的结构相同，性质也相同
24.以下关于甲烷的说法中错误的是
A．甲烷分子是由极性键构成的分子
B．甲烷分子具有正四面体结构
C．甲烷分子中四个C—H键是完全等价的键
D．甲烷分子中具有非极性键
25.如图是元素周期表的一部分，关于图中阴影部分元素的说法中，正确的是
A．N元素为第一周期元素
B．PH3的稳定性比H2S强
C．该纵行元素的最高价氧化物对应的水化物化学式均为H3RO4
D．H3AsO4的酸性比H3PO4弱
湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下期中考试题高一化学
第Ⅰ卷答题卡(选择题 共50分)
一、选择题（本题共25小题，每小题2分，共50分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
答案
题号 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 得分
答案
第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共50分）
二、填空题(本题包括3小题，共31分。)
26. （7分）有下列物质：①H2 ②Na2S2 ③KOH ④HF ⑤H2O2 ⑥MgCl2 ⑦NH4Cl，按下列要求，用圆圈数字（如：①、②、③等）填空：
(1)只由离子键构成的物质是________；
(2)只由极性键构成的物质是________；
(3)只由非极性键构成的物质是 ；
(4)只由非金属元素组成的离子化合物是 ；
(5)由极性键和非极性键构成的物质是___________；
(6)由离子键和极性键构成的物质是_____________；
(7)由离子键和非极性键构成的物质是___________。
27.（16分）下表为元素周期表的一部分，请回答有关问题：
主族 周期 ⅠA ⅡA ⅢA ⅣA ⅤA ⅥA ⅦA 0
2 ① ②
3 ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ ⑧
4 ⑨ ⑩
(1) ⑤ 和 ⑧ 的元素符号是_________和_________．
(2) 此表中最活泼的金属是_ __(填写元素符号)，非金属性最强的元素是_ _(填写元素符号)．
(3)在 ③ ～ ⑦ 元素中，原子半径最大的是 (填写元素符号)。
(4)表中能形成两性氢氧化物的元素是_________(填写元素符号)，分别写出该元素的氢氧化物与⑥、⑨最高价氧化物的水化物反应的化学方程式：____________________________；
________ ________。
28．（8分）A、B、C、D为短周期的主族元素，它们的原子序数依次增大。A和C的原子最外层电子数相等；C+ 阳离子与Ne原子的电子层结构相同；B、D同主族，B元素原子的最外层电子数是内层电子数的3倍；A与B能形成A2B及A2B2两种化合物，其在常温常压下均呈液态。请回答下列问题：
（1）C2B2中含有的化学键是 。
（2）化合物A2B2的电子式是 。
（3）A、B、C、D离子半径由大到小的顺序为(用离子符号表示) 。
（4）用电子式表示化合物A2B的形成过程： 。
三、实验题（本题包括1小题，共9分。）
29．（9分）某同学根据元素非金属性与对应最高价含氧酸之间的关系，设计了如下图所示的装置，一次性完成S、C、Si三种元素的非金属性强弱的判断实验。
（1）写出A、B、C三处所用的化学药品的名称是：
A_________， B________，C_________。
（2）写出该同学所设计的实验原理所涉及的离子方程式：
①
②
（3）能证明非金属性S>C>Si的实验现象是：
。
四、计算题（本题包括1小题，共10分。）
30．(10分)现有可逆反应：2A(g)＋3B(g)nC(g)＋4D(g)，起始时，将amol的A与bmol的B充入固定容积的密闭容器中，在一定条件下达平衡，测得A、B的转化率相等。
（1）则a：b＝ 。
（2）若起始时在2L的密闭容器中充入4mol的A与12mol的B，在一定条件下发生上述可逆反应，经5min后达平衡，测得物质A的转化率为：(A)=50%，测得平衡混合气体总物质的量为17mol。
①则上述可逆反应中，n＝ 。
②B的转化率(B)= 。
③在5min内，用物质D表示的平均反应速率是 。
参考答案
X
W Y R
Z
G
Zn
Znn
G
Zn
Cu
G
Zn
C
G
姓名 班级
密
封
线湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试物理（理）试题
一．不定项选择题（每小题4分，共48分）
1．在匀速圆周运动中，下列物理量中不变的是 ( )
A．角速度 B．线速度
C．向心加速度 D．作用在物体上的合外力的大小
2．关于运动的合成，下列说法中正确的是 （ ）
A、合运动的速度一定比每一个分运动的速度大
B、两个直线运动的合运动一定是直线运动
C、两个分运动的时间一定与合运动时间相等
D、合运动的加速度一定比每个分运动加速度大
3． 一个静止的质点，在两个互成锐角的恒力F1、F2作用下从静止开始运动，经过一段时间后撤掉其中的一个力，则质点在撤力前后两个阶段的运动性质分别是（ ）
A．匀加速直线运动，匀减速直线运动 B．匀加速直线运动，匀变速曲线运动
C．匀变速曲线运动，匀速圆周运动 D．匀加速直线运动，匀速圆周运动
4．如图所示，以速度水平抛出一小球，球落地时速度为，不计空气阻力，图中能表示出速度矢量的演变过程的是 （ ）
5．A、B、C三个物体放在旋转圆台上，动摩擦因数均为μ，A的质量为2m，B、C质量均为m，A、B离轴R，C离轴2R，则当圆台旋转时（设A、B、C都没有滑动）（ ）
A. C的向心加速度最大
B. B的静摩擦力最小
C. 当圆台转速增加时， A最先滑动
D. 当圆台转速增加时，A、B同时滑动
6.如图所示，半径为L的圆管轨道（圆管内径远小于轨道半径）竖直放置，管内壁光滑，管内有一个小球（小球直径略小于管内径）可沿管转动，设小球经过最高点P时的速度为v，则 （ ）
A．v的最小值为
B．v若增大，球所需的向心力也增大
C．当v由逐渐减小时，轨道对球的弹力也减小
D．当v由逐渐增大时，轨道对球的弹力也增大
7．如图6所示,一个内壁光滑的圆锥筒的轴线是竖直的，圆锥固定，有质量相同的两个小球A和B贴着筒的内壁在水平面内做匀速圆周运动，A的运动半径较大，则 （ ）
A.A球的角速度必小于B球的角速度
B.A球的线速度必小于B球的线速度
C.A球运动的周期必大于B球运动的周期
D.A球对筒壁的压力必大于B球对筒壁的压力
8．在同一水平直线上的两位置分别沿同方向抛出两小球A和B，其运动轨迹如图所示，不计空气阻力．要使两球在空中相遇，则必须 ( )
A．先抛出A球 B．先抛出B球
C．同时抛出两球 D．A球的初速度大于B球的初速度
9．三颗人造地球卫星A、B、C在同一平面内沿不同的轨道绕地球做匀速圆周运动，且绕行方向相同，已知RA＜RB＜RC 。若在某一时刻，它们正好运行到同一条直线上，如图所示。那么再经过卫星A的四分之一周期时，卫星A、B、C的位置可能是 （ ）
10．航天技术的不断发展，为人类探索宇宙创造了条件.1998年1月发射的“月球勘探者号”空间探测器，运用最新科技手段对月球进行近距离勘探，在月球重力分布、磁场分布及元素测定等方面取得最新成果.探测器在一些环形山中央发现了质量密集区，当飞越这些重力异常区域时 （ ）
A．探测器受到的月球对它的万有引力将变大 B．探测器运行的轨道半径将变大
C．探测器飞行的速率将变大 D．探测器飞行的速率将变小
11. 2001年10月22日，欧洲航天局由卫星观测发现银河系中心存在一个超大型黑洞，命名为MCG6－30－15，由于黑洞的强大引力，周围物质大量掉入黑洞，假定银河系中心仅此一个黑洞，已知太阳系绕银河系中心匀速运转，下列哪一组数据可估算该黑洞的质量 （ ）
A.地球绕太阳公转的周期和速度 B.太阳的质量和运行速度
C.太阳质量和到MCG6－30－15的距离 D.太阳运行速度和到MCG6－30－15的距离
12．在圆轨道上运动的质量为m的人造地球卫星，它到地面的距离等于地球半径R，地面上的重力加速度为g，则以上叙述正确的是 （ ）
①卫星运动的速度为 ②卫星运动的周期为4π
③卫星运动的加速度为g/2 ④卫星的动能为mgR/4
A.①③ B.②④ C.①②③ D.②③④
二．填空题（每空3分，共12分）
13．在做研究平抛运动的实验时，让小球多次沿同一轨道运动，通过描点法画出小球平抛运动的轨迹。
为了能较准确地描绘运动轨迹，下面列出一些操作要求，将你认为正确选项的前面字母填在横线上： 。
(a)通过调节使斜槽的末端保持水平
(b)每次释放小球的位置必须不同
(c)每次必须由静止释放小球
(d)记录小球位置用的木条（或凹槽）每次必须严格地等距离下降
(e)小球运动时不应与木板上的白纸（或方格纸）相接触
(f)将球的位置记录在纸上后，取下纸，用直尺将点连成折线
14．如图所示，在“研究平抛物体运动”的实验中，用一张印有小方格的纸记录轨迹，小方格的边长L=2.5cm。由于某种原因，只拍到了部分方格背景及小球在平抛运动途中的四个位置a、b、c、d，则小球平抛的初速度大小是 m/s.( g＝10 m/s2)
15．如图所示，由两条位于同一竖直平面内的水平轨道，轨道上有两个物体A和B，它们通过一根绕过定滑轮O的不可伸长的轻绳相连接，物体A以匀速率vA运动，在绳子与轨道成370 角 瞬时，物体B的速度vB为 。
16．如图9所示，竖直圆筒内壁光滑，半径为R，顶部有入口A，在A的正下方h处有出口B，一质量为m的小球从入口A沿切线方向水平射入圆筒内，要使小球从B处飞出，小球进入入口A的速度v0的最小值为 。
三．计算题（12+14+14=40分）
湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下期中考试题
高一物理 答题卡
一、不定项选择题（每小题4分，共48分）
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
二．填空题（每空3分，共12分）
13、 14、 m/s
15、 16、
三．计算题（12+14+14=40分）
17．如下图所示，半径R=1m的光滑半圆形轨道固定在竖直平面内，直径AC竖直，下端A点与光滑的水平轨道相切。一个质量为m=1kg的小球沿水平轨道从A端以VA=8m/s进入竖直圆轨道。不计空气阻力，g取10m/s2。试求：
（1）小球进入圆周轨道后运动至与轨道圆心等高处时对轨道的压力大小？
（2）判断小球能否运动至轨道最高点，若不能请说明理由；
若能，请出小球的落地点离A点的水平距离。
18．随着现代航天科技的发展，人类加快了探索宇宙的步伐，许多国家竞相发射航天飞机进入外太空 。（1）若宇航员乘坐航天飞机在地球的赤道上空飞行，轨道半径为r，飞行方向与地球的自转方向相同.设地球的自转角速度为ω0，地球半径为R，地球表面重力加速度为g.在某时刻航天飞机通过赤道上某建筑物的上方，则从该时刻起至它下次通过该建筑上方所需时间t为多少？
（2）若航天飞机降落在某个半径为的行星表面，宇航员拿出一个质量kg的砝码，用弹簧称量，其重力的大小。请您计算该星球的第一宇宙速度是多大？
19.如图所示，在水平地面上固定一倾角θ=37°、表面粗糙、足够长的斜面体，A与斜面体之间的动摩擦因数为μ=0.5,物体A以v1=6m／s的初速度沿斜面上滑，同时在物体A的正上方，有一物体B以某一初速度水平抛出。如果当A上滑到最高点时恰好被B物体击中。(A、B均可看作质点，sin37°=0.6，cos37°=0.8。g 取10m／s 。)求：（1）物体B抛出时的初速度（2）物体A、B间初始位置的高度差h？
参考答案
一、不定项选择题（每小题4分，共48分）
二．填空题（每空3分，共12分）
13、 a、c、e 14、 1 m/s
15、 16、
三．计算题（12+14+14=40分）
A
B
C
A
图6
B
A
地球
A
B
C
B
地球
A
B
C
C
地球
A
B
C
D
地球
A
C
B
地球
A
B
C
图9
学校：____________________姓名：___________________ 班级：____________________
密 封 线湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试英语（理）试题
PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A
Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 6 conversations between 2 speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by 3 choices. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter (A, B or C) on the question booklet.
You will hear each conversation TWICE。
Conversation l
1．What is Grandpa doing now
A．Watering the flowers．B．Watching football games．C．Playing computer games．
2．Why does Grandma call Tom
A．To ask for help．B．To tell some news．C．To give some advice．
Conversation 2
3．When did the two speakers meet
A．Last Saturday． B．Last Sunday．C．Last Monday．
4．What can we learn from the conversation
A．The man ever wrote a book about English traditions．
B．The woman will be the man’s teacher．
C．They last met in the Chemistry Department．
Conversation 3
5．How does the man find Professor Martin’s class
A．Exciting． B．Hard．C．Boring．
6．Why does the woman like the study group
A．Because everyone is kind and active．
B．Because everyone is serious and helpful．
C．Because she likes the games in the study group．
Conversation 4
7．Why does the man want to get a car
A．Because it is useful for his work．
B．Because he has got a lot of money．
C．Because the car is cheap．
8．What does the man consider when he chooses the car
A．The price．B．The quality．C．The way of payment．
9. How much will the mall pay for the remaining part
A．$2500． B．$13800． C．$30000．
Conversation 5
10．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Teacher and student．B．Husband and wife．C．Father and doctor．
11．What food does the woman have
A．A bottle of beer．B．A basket of fruit．C．A cheese sandwich．
12．Which of the following is true according to the conversation
A．They haven’t driven there for a long time．
B．There are trees，grass but little water around the picnic site．
C．The lunch basket is in the back of the ear．
Conversation 6
13．Why does the woman feel surprised
A．Because the man has worked for over six years．
B．Because the man has worked for the same firm．
C．Because the man has a university degree but works as a trunk driver．
14．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Former classmates． B．Interviewer and interviewee． C．Boss and secretary．
15．What is the main advantage of the man working as a truck driver
A．He can make a lot of money．
B．He can do what he wants to do．
C．He can have time to be with his family．
Section B
Eric Clapton
Birth In the year l6 _in a small town near London
Childhood Brought up by his l7___ :Mother left him when he was 18 __ :
Education Went to Art College and started playing the guitar in 19___
Career First became famous when he started the group “Cream”:An excellent guitar player，singer and 20 __ :One of the most successful rock stars of all time
PART TWO LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE
SECTION A
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.
21._____ we were worried about was _______ they could manage to control the pollution.
A. That; how B. That; whether C. What; that D. What; whether
22. You can not imagine the difficulty they had ____ the problem. It isn’t ____ easy.
A. to solve; so B. solved; so C. solving; that D. solved; that
23. I don’t know _________________.
A. what was the matter outside B. what was matter outside
C. what was outside the matter D. what was happened outside
24. Danby left word with my secretary _______he would call again in the afternoon.
A. who B. that C. as D. which
25. _____ hearing the news, all of us jumped with joy.
A Immediately B The moment C On D As soon as
26. The head teacher left the monitor __________ their class while he was away.
A. in the charge B. in charge C. in charge of D. in the charge of
27. --- Have the papers been corrected，Miss Zhang
--- Yes, but I regret ____ that you failed.
A. to say B. saying C. in saying D. I say
28. New York, ________ I visited last year, is a nice old city.
A. that B. when C. which D. in which
29. The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.
A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying
30.. The murderer was brought in，with his hands ______ behind his back．
A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied
31. When I got to the cinema, the film____for ten minutes.
A.has begun B.had begun C.had been on D.was
32. It was ___ that a hundred people looked lost in it.
A so large a room B so a large room C such large a room D a such large room
33. ---Have you _______ been to our school before
---No, it's the first time I _______ here.
A. even, came B. even, am coming C. ever, come D. ever, have come
34. He managed to make himself with his____ English.
understand; breaking B. understand; broken
C. understood; breaking D. understood; broken
35. Robert is said ______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
Section B (18分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Fill in each blank with a word or phrase that best fits the context.
After six months of living in New Zealand, I realized one thing. Despite my 36 for greater contact with local students, 37 I initiated the contact, it wouldn’t happen. Local students are not interested in contacts with the international students, because they regard us as shy, 38 and sometimes snobby （势利的） people. Of course we know that’s not true. I want to change their opinions.
After 39 the problem, I put on my “confidence mask” each morning and walked around with a smile on my face. I chatted with people whenever I had the chance. I showed that I was not afraid to 40 them, and that I was worthy of being a friend.
A side-effect of my 41 confidence was that my emotions occasionally broke down Only in the 42 of my room, where no one could see, would I reveal my real emotions. All the rejections, funny looks, and 43 behind my back calling me a weirdo（古怪的人） melted into tears. Once that was done, I would put on my confidence mask once again and start a new day.
It finally worked My name became known throughout the school as I appeared to be 44 and active. Slowly, I discovered that I no longer needed to put on my confidence mask. I had real friends. Instead of dragging myself to school and 45 to be happy, I was truly happy. I could not believe it when I was elected to the student government as Deputy Head boy----the first international student to receive the title.
From my 46 in New Zealand, I believe one thing will always be true: If you try your best to reach your goals, you’ll achieve your 47 dreams.
36.A. desire B. invitation C. devotion D. effort
37. A. if B. otherwise C. unless D. once
38. A. energetic B. considerate C. free D. dull
39. A. getting B. realizing C. solving D. making
40. A. get up with B. put up with C. open up to D. look forward to
41. A. accepted B. proved C. elected D. forced
42. A. public B. privacy C. possession D. protection
43. A. laughing B. talking C. acting D. walking
44. A. minded B. talented C. humorous D. enthusiastic
45. A. looking B. helping C. pretending D. treating
46.A. experience B. trouble C. travel D. struggle
47. A. great B. impossible C. hopeful D. reasonable
Section C (12 marks)
Directions：Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
Parents are busy people. If they are working, they are usually not at home 48 their children return from school. Sometimes it is necessary for a parent to write 49 after-school note for their children. They sometimes put the note on the kitchen table, the refrigerator, 50 another place where their children are sure to find it.
A note is often a 51 way to “talk”with a child than using the telephone. For one thing, parents have to think about 52 they want to say before they write. 53 another, the note lists all the information in one place. It is easy to read again and again. People often forget all the details that 54 hear in a telephone call. Finally, cell phones can be turned 55 or telephone calls not answered. For these reasons, after-school notes are very popular with parents.
PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
A
Do you love holidays but hate the increase weight that follows You are not alone.
Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods.
With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you.
Do not miss meals. Before yon leave home for a feast(宴会),have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough.
Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them.
Choose lean meat(瘦肉 ).Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables.
If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate.
Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess(过多的) calories.
56. Holidays are happy days with pleasure but they may ______
A. bring weight problems B. bring you much trouble in your life
C. make you worried about your foods D. make you hate delicious foods
57. In order to really enjoy your holidays without putting on weight, you'd better__
A. drink much water and have vegetables only B. not eat the food in high fat
C. not accept invitations to feasts D. turn away from delicious foods
58. According to the passage, ___ is a necessary part to stop you from putting on weight.
A. vegetables B. water C. calories of energy D. physical exercise
59. Many people can't help putting on weight after the holidays because they _______ .
A. can't control themselves B. go to too many feasts
C. enjoy delicious foods D. can't help turning away from the foods
60. Excess calories can be found in your body in the form of___ .
A. energy B. fat C. food D. something invisible (看不见)
B
Trees are useful to man in three very important ways: they provide him with wood and other products, they give him shade, and they help to prevent drought and floods.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world man has not realized that the third of these services is the most important. In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees, he has cut them down in large numbers, only to find that without them he has lost the best friends he had.
Two thousand years ago a rich and powerful country cut down its trees to build warships, with which to gain itself an empire. It gained the empire but, without its trees, its soil became hard and poor. When the empire fell to pieces, the country found itself faced by floods and starvation.
Even though a government realizes the importance of a plentiful supply of trees, it is difficult for it to persuade the villager to see this. The villager wants wood to cook his food with, and he can earn money by making charcoal(木炭) or selling wood to the townsman（城市居民）. He is usually too lazy or too careless to plant and look after trees. So unless the government has a good system of control, or can educate the people, the forests will slowly disappear.
This does not only mean that the villager’s sons and grandsons have fewer trees. The results are even more serious. For where there are trees their roots break the soil up—allowing the rain to sink in and also hold the soil, thus preventing it being washed away easily, but where there are no trees, the soil becomes hard and poor. The rain falls on hard ground and flows away on the surface, causing floods and carrying away with it the rich topsoil, in which crops grow so well. When all the topsoil is gone, nothing remains but a worthless desert.
61. The purpose that the writer wrote this article is to ______.
A. tell people the use of wood
B. tell people the function of tree roots
C. warn that man mustn’t destroy forests any more
D. explain how trees help to prevent drought and floods
62. In the writer’s opinion,_____, or the forests will slowly disappear.
A. measures must be taken
B. people shouldn’t draw benefit from the tree
C. government must realize the serious results
D. unless trees never be cut down
63. According to the article we know it is _____ to prevent the forests from slowly disappearing.
A. necessary but impossible B. necessary but difficult
C. impossible and unimportant D. difficult and impossible
64. In the last two paragraphs the writer wanted to make it clear that _____ .
A. where there are no trees, the soil becomes poor but soft
B. where there are many trees, there are more floods
C. where there are no trees, the land might become desert slowly
D. floods will make the land become desert
65. Which of the following is true
A. Many people have realized that trees can prevent floods and drought.
B. Only when the government realized the importance of protecting trees, could the villagers see it
C. The villagers’ sons or grandsons’ will have fewer trees.
D. Lands will become deserts one day if people do not take measures.
C
Want to lose weight Try eating. That’s one of the ways being developed by scientists experimenting with foods that trick the body into feeling full.
At he Institute of Food Research in Norwich, England, food expert Peter Wilde and his colleagues are developing foods that slow down the digestive system, which then sends a signal to the brain that stops appetite. “That fools you into thinking you’ve eaten far too much when you really haven’t,” said Wilde. From his studies on fat digestion, he said it should be possible to make foods, from bread to yoghurt, that make it easier to diet. While the research is still in its early stages, Wilde’s approach to controlling appetite is one that some doctors say could be a key to solving the problem of obesity.
“Being able to switch off appetite would be a big help for people having trouble losing weight,” said Steve Bloom, a professor of investigative medicine at London’s Imperial College, who is not connected to Wilde’s research. Bloom said that regulating appetite through foods is theoretically possible. But Bloom warned that controlling appetite may be very challenging. “The body has lots of things to prevent its regulatory systems from being tricked,” he said.
Wilde’s research makes use of the body’s ways of digesting fat. Fat normally gets broken down in the first part of the small intestines（肠道）. When you eat a high-fat meal, however, the body can only digest the fat entirely further down in the intestines, which then causes the body to produce a kind of chemical to stop the appetite.
Wilde’s approach copies what happens with a high-fat meal. He coats fat droplets（滴）in foods with modified proteins from plants, so it takes longer for the chemical that breaks down fat to reach it. That means that the fat isn’t digested until it hits the far reaches of the intestines. At that point, intestinal cells send a signal telling the brain it’s full. Even though the body hasn’t had a high-fat meal, it stops the appetite as if it has. If the fat had been digested earlier in the intestines, no such signal would be sent.
66. According to Wilde’s research, what could people do if they want to lose weight
A. Eat more bread and yoghurt. B. Trick the body by eating nothing.
C. Have foods with fat droplets coated. D. Control their digestive system strictly.
67. The underlined word “obesity” in Para. 2 most probably means “________”.
A. being too fat B. eating too much food
C. stopping appetite D. being unhealthy
68. What can be inferred about Professor Bloom’s opinion towards Wilde’s approach
A. It won’t work since the body’s regulatory systems will never be tricked.
B. It is sure to switch off the appetite of people with a weight problem.
C. It sounds terrible because regulating appetite through foods is not practical at all.
D. It’s no that easy to trick the body so more research should be done.
69. Which of the following is TRUE about Wilde’s approach
A. A kind of chemical is added to make a high-fat meal less fatty.
B. Fat is digested earlier and the body sends a signal telling the brain it’s full.
C. Fat won’t get broken down in the first part of the small intestines.
D. The chemical that breaks down fat will not reach the fat.
70. The passage is written to ________.
A. give advice on how to stop eating high-fat meals
B. introduce a research on controlling appetite
C. discuss the argument between two professors
D. show different ways to trick the body
PART FOUR WRITING
SECTION A
SECTION A (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following plete the diagram by using the information from the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
Who says people need land to grow vegetables All you need is a roof that is strong enough and flat enough to support a garden. We are going to describe one way to build a rooftop garden that does not even require soil. Four things are needed for a small rooftop garden. One thing is a roof that can support the weight; another is grass cutting. The third thing is a sheet of plastic in which to spread the cut grass. And the last thing is a box about eight centimeters deep and made out of four pieces of wood.
Once you are sure the roof is good, cut and collect some grass. Then lay down the plastic where the garden box will go. The four-sided box can be as long and as wide as needed. Place the box on top of the sheet of plastic. Then fill it with the cut grass. Next, add water and walk on the cuttings to press them down. After about three weeks, the rooftop garden is ready for planting. Put the seeds directly into the wet grass cuttings. This garden is a good place to grow peas, tomatoes, beans, onions and lettuce. If the box is deep enough, potatoes and carrots will also grow.
It is important to keep the grass wet until the plants begin to grow. When the plants are growing, they will need watering every day, unless there is rain. And they will need some liquid fertilizer. Also, seeds and new plants must be protected from insects and birds.
Rooftop gardens are increasingly popular, and not just to grow vegetables. They keep buildings cooler in the sun, so they save energy. They can also extend the useful life of a roof. Rooftop gardens also reduce the runoff of storm water and help clean the air. Plus they add beauty, and give birds and insects in the city a nice place to live.
The building of a rooftop vegetable garden
Things needed 71. ________ Requirements
A roof To support the 72. ________ 73. ________ and strong enough
Grass cuttings To be used as 74. ________ To be 75. ________ down
76. ________ To hold the cut grass Eight centimeters deep
Seeds To grow into77. ________ To be protected from 78. ________
79. ________ and fertilizer To make vegetables grow better Supplied frequently and 80. ________
SECTIONB (10 marks)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and the required words limit.
You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature. But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation（撤离）of an island nation—the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.
During the 20th century ,sea level rose 8—12 inches. As a result .Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water which has polluted the country’s drinking water.
Paani Laupepa , a Tuvaluan government official ,reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce storms in the past ten years .Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.
Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol, an international agreement calling for industrialized nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions（导致温室效应的气体排放）,which are a main cause of global warming . “By refusing to sign the agreement ,the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years,” Laupepa told the BBC.
Tuvalu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries .
Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable（易受影响的）to rising sea levels .Maumoon Gayoon ,president of the Maldives ,told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “endangered nation”.
81. What is the direct cause of more and fiercer storms according to scientists (no more than 8 words)
____________________________________________________________________
82．Why was Laupepa not satisfied with the United States (no more than 10 words)
____________________________________________________________________
83．Which country’ s situation is similar to that of Tuvalu (no more than 2 words)
____________________________________________________________________
84．What is the text mainly about (no more than 7 words)
____________________________________________________________________
SECTION C (25%)
Directions : Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假如你是一名中学生，叫李晓华,请根据下表内容用英语写信给某 Just ask栏目的主持人Ralph.请求帮助解决一个长期困扰你的问题。
你的情况 1、学习成绩好。2、爱母亲。3、有点害怕母亲。
你母亲的情况 大学教授，工作勤奋。很少有时间和你说话。（请根据你的实际情况补充）
你的问题 很少交流。希望互相了解。（请根据你的实际情况补充）
注意：词数100左右；
参考词汇：发脾气lose one’s temper 沟通: communicate with
Best wishes!
Section C (10 points)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
第三节 书面表达（25分）
体育运动能使我们身体健康，工作学习精力充沛。大家都喜欢运动，但许多人不知如何正确锻炼，有时甚至出错。
你很幸运，上学后得到体育老师的正确指导，运动起来相当愉快，所以身体健康。你一年中几乎天天游泳，你还喜欢其他运动，并计划在今年秋季中学运动会上参加几个项目的比赛。
请根据以上内容用英语写一篇 150左右词的短文，不要逐字翻译。
参考答案湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试试题（英语）
高一英语
（ 考试时间120分钟 满分150分）
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION （30 marks）
Section A （22.5 marks）
Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 6 conversations between 2 speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by 3 choices. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter (A, B or C) on the question booklet. You will hear each conversation TWICE.
Conversation 1
What is the man
A.A taxi driver B.A bus driver C.A cinema manager
Which of the following statement is true according to the conversation
The woman will not arrive on time
The woman is half an hour late
The woman has a heavy luggage
Conversation 2
What did the woman do with the wound first
Moved him to the doctors
Ride him to the hospital
Give him some first aid
What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A.A doctor and a patient B. Friends C. Strangers
Conversation 3
When will the class meeting be held
A. On Friday morning B. On Thursday afternoon C. On Friday afternoon
What is this class meeting be held for
A. The class rules B. The school rules C. The gold rules
Conversation 4
Where does this conversation most likely take place
A. At a bank B. In a wine store C. In a Customs Office
How long was the woman out of the country
A. Four weeks B. Three weeks C. One week
What did the woman have to declare
A. Makeups B. Cigarettes C. Plants
Conversation 5
What does the man think about his new neighborhood
There is no store nearby
There is slight air pollution
There is no heavy traffic
How long does it take the man to drive to work
A. For about 20 minutes B. For about 30 minutes C. For about 40 minutes
How does the woman go to work every day
A. By subway B. By bus C. By car
Conversation 6
What does the woman say about her breakfast
A. Cold B. Too salty C. Not enough
What does the woman want at last
A.A pool B.A discount C.A comfortable bed
Where does this conversation probably take place
A. At a hotel B. On a plane C. At a restaurant
Section B ( 8.5marks)
Directions: In this section, you will hear a mini-talk. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have got. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS. You will hear the mini-talk TWICE.
Manager of a small office
Mr. Grey Lived in the 16 , and came up to work 17
Met the stranger 18 years ago
Lent the stranger 19
The stranger Asked Mr. Grey for 20
PART TWO: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE （45marks）
Section A （15 marks）
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.
21.Shenzhou VII，_______ country’s third manned spaceship, was launched successfully on September 25, 2008 in _______ northwestern Gansu Province, China.
A. a; / B. the; the C. the; / D. a; the
22. In my opinion, what he told us just now about the matter doesn’t make any_______.
A. meaning B. idea C. sense D. point
23. The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back.
A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
24. They haven’t settled the problem of ______ it is necessary for her to take part in “Super Girl”.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
25. We don’t have enough money at present; can you borrow ______ from your friend for the palace ball
A. a jewellery B. some jewelleries
C. a piece of jewelleries D. a piece of jewellery
26. ______ likely _____ we will hand in the paper the day after tomorrow
A. Is it; that B. Is it; whether C. Is it; what D. Is it; who
27. John hit_________.
A. him on the head B. him on his head
C. him in the head D. him in his head
28. The speaker _______ at the audience and then began to make his speech.
A. glared B. stared C. glanced D. looked
29. The girl was frightened at the sight of a snake and her heart was _______ fast.
A. striking B. hitting C. jumping D. beating
30. I have finished translating a large part of the book, but the rest ______ more difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
31. She can’t help ______ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
32. Nowhere else in the world______ cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.
A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find
C. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found
33. There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't obey them.
A. why B. where C. as D. which
34. In front of our house _______ we used to swim.
A. a river lies that B. does a river lie where
C. lies a river which D. lies a river where
35. E-mail, as well as telephones，_______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
SECTION B (18 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D .Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Though born in Hawaii, Nicole Kidman first began learning performance arts while 36 in Sydney, Australia. By the age of thirteen, she was already 175 cm tall.
37 , it was more than just her height that made Kidman 38 from other teenage girls. Instead of making up all day like her classmates, she spent her spare time studying acting at the local 39 .
Kidman 40 success, and she appeared in several Australian movies and television series. In 1989, she performed in her first American movie, Dead Calm. Kidman 41 to give the best performance, so she worked hard to learn sailing skills a month 42 filming began. This perfect performance made her seem more 43 on the screen.
Perhaps it was her confidence that helped Nicole 44 the heart of Tom Cruise, one of Hollywood’s most famous actors. Cruise 45 Kidman in 1990. Their fairytale love filled gossip columns﹙八卦专栏﹚worldwide for eleven years, which helped Nicole’s career greatly. When the couple ended their marriage in 2001, fans were 46 .
The character that Kidman acted in Cold Mountain was a more accurate reflection of Kidman herself. In the movie, she 47 Ada, a young woman who overcame hardship through hard work and determination.
Her fans believe that she will continue to exceed﹙超越﹚all expectations because of her hard work.
36．A. growing up B．mixing up C．turning up D．staying up
37．A. Somehow B．Therefore C．However D．Anyway
38．A. far B．free C．safe D．different
39．A. theatre B．hospital C．factory D．temple
40．A. waited B．achieved C．studied D．judged
41．A. deserved B．failed C．required D．decided
42．A. since B．after C．before D．when
43．A. independent B．confident C．puzzled D．tired
44．A. win B．hurt C．lose D．feel
45．A. forgot B．controlled C．married D．changed
46．A. satisfied B．excited C．frightened D．surprised
47．A. loved B．played C．respected D．approved
SECTION C (12 points)
Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
Mrs. Brown’s old grandfather lived with her and her husband. Every morning he went for 48 walk in the park and came home 49 half past twelve for his lunch.
But 50 morning a police car stopped outside Mrs. Brown’s house at twelve o’clock, and two policemen helped Mr. Brown to get out. One of 51 said to Mrs. Brown, “The poor old gentleman lost his way in the park and telephoned us to ask for help, 52 we sent a car to bring him home.” Mrs. Brown was very surprised, but she thanked the police 53 they left.
“But, grandfather,” she then said, “you have been to that park nearly 54 day for twenty years. How did you lose your way there ”
The old man smiled, closed one eye and said, “I didn’t quite lose my way. I just got tired and I didn’t want to 55 home!”
PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION (30 points)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passages is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
A
A famous teacher was speaking to the students at our school. He began his lesson by holding up a ￡100 bill. Then he said to the three hundred students, “Who would like to have this ￡100 bill ” The students began to put up their hands at once.
Then he said, “I am going to give this bill to one of you, but first, let me do this.” He then made this bill into a ball. Then he said, “Who wants it ” Hands went into the air.
“Well,” he said, “What if I do this ” and he dropped it on the floor and stepped on it. He picked up the dirty, crumpled bill and said, “Who still wants it ” Hands went back into the air.
“My friends,” he said, “You’ve learned a valued lesson today. No matter what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it didn’t go down in value. It was still worth ￡100.
Many times in our lives, we’re dropped; crumpled, and stepped on by the chances we take and the things that happen to us. We feel as if we are worth nothing. But remember, no matter what has happened to you, you will never lose your value: you are always valuable to those who love you. Your value doesn’t come from what you drop or whom you know，but WHO YOU ARE .
You are special and valuable. Don’t ever forget it!
56. The story happened ______.
A. when the teacher gave the students some advice on how to learn English.
B. when the students were having a meeting.
C. when the teacher gave the students a speech.
D. when the students were discussing something interesting with their teachers.
57. Even though the money was dirty, it _______.
A. went up in value B. was worth much
C. didn’t reduce in value D. was still ours
58. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means_______.
A. the students put up their hands again.
B. the students put down their hands.
C. the students agreed to what the teacher said
D. the students put their hands in front of them
59. Why did the famous teacher use a ￡100 at his lesson
A. Because he wanted to give a lecture about money.
B. Because he was used to dropping a bill on the floor and stepping on it.
C. Because he was going to give the bill to one of the students.
D. Because he wanted to make the students know what the value was.
60. What lesson can you learn from the passage
A.￡100 bill is worth the same no matter what you do with it
B. All people love money most.
C. Your value doesn’t change no matter what happens to you.
D. The value of money changes when it is made dirty.
B
Mr. Jackson was tired of living in his old house in the countryside and wanted to sell it and buy a better one. He tried to sell it for a long time, but was not successful, so at last he decided to go to an estate agent.
The agent advertised(登广告) the house straight away, and a few days later, the owner saw a very beautiful photograph of his house, with a wonderful description of his garden in an expensive magazine.
Having read the advertisement through, the house owner hurried to phone the estate agent, saying, “I'm sorry, Mr. Jones, but I've decided not to sell my house after all.” “Why ” the agent asked in a surprised voice. “Because from the advertisement in that magazine I can see it's just the kind of house I've wanted to live in all my life.”
61. Mr. Jackson wanted to sell his house because _____.
A. he needed some money to support his family
B. his house was too old to live in
C. he wanted some money to buy a new one
D. he didn't want to live in the house any longer
62. The reason why Mr. Jackson went to the estate agent was _____.
A. he had failed in selling his house by himself
B. he wanted the estate agent to help him to get a good price
C. he was sure that the estate agent could help him
D. he wanted the estate to advertise his house in the magazine
63. At last Mr. Jones _____.
A. was successful in selling the house
B. felt sorry to have lost a sale by his doing too good a job
C. was satisfied with what he had done in the advertisement
D. didn’t understand why Mr. Jackson had changed his mind
64. What do you think of the advertisement in magazines
A. They are worth reading.
B. They usually make things far better than they really are
C. They are a great help to those who want to buy something.
D. They describe things as they really are.
65. What’s the meaning of “an estate agent” in paragraph one
A. a person who has a house to sell
B. a person who helps others to advertise houses in magazines
C. a person whose work is to sell houses for others
D. a person who likes beautiful houses
C
Pat O’Burke was a poor Irishman with a large family, and one morning, waking up very early from cold and hunger, he decided to go shooting in a wood near his cottage. The wood belonged to Lord Northwood, a rich gentleman, Pat had no right to go there, but in it there were swarms of rabbits and flocks of birds that were good to eat, and Pat determined to take the risk. Suddenly he saw the owner, with a group of friends, coming towards him in the wood. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat's hands. Pat's heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of escape, so he walked boldly (大胆) up to the group and said to Lord Northwood, “Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this morning ” Lord Northwood, rather surprised, said he and his friends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite(食欲) for their breakfast. Then, looking at Pat with suspicion(怀疑), he said, “but why are you out so early in the morning ” “Well, sir” said Pat, “I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.” The whole crowed burst into laughter at Pat's ready wit(机智，风趣), and with a smile Lord Northwood walked on, leaving Pat to try his luck with the rabbits.
66. This is a story about _____.
A. a rich man who owned a big wood
B. a poor Irishman who lived all by himself
C. a clever man who tried to get something to eat
D. an Irish hunter with a large family
67. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face. Why
A. He was not expecting Pat at this early hour.
B. He knew Pat was coming for shooting.
C. He didn't like the poor Irishman at all.
D. Pat had not told him he would come.
68. Why was Lord Northwood surprised
A. He had not expected such a bold question from Pat.
B. He wondered why Pat didn't run away.
C. Pat wasn't afraid of him.
D. Pat had a gun in his hands.
69. What made the whole crowd burst into laughter
A. Pat's funny looks B. Pat's interesting remarks
C. Pat's quick and humorous response D. Pat's promise to leave fight away
70. Guess the meaning of the underlined word “right”.
A. 对的 B. 右边 C. 正好 D. 权利
PART FOUR WRITING （45marks）
Section A (10 points)
Directions: Read the following plete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
New Year traditions all around the world
“Happy New Year!” Everyone will greet each other with these words as they meet each other over the next couple of weeks. But it wasn’t always January 1 that marked the New Year.
At least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. In Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flooded, enriching farmers’ fields. This happened at the end of September.
The Babylonians held a festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle. The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.
The date January 1 was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January originates from the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.
In Vietnam, the New Year holiday happens in February. They buy fresh flowers and a peach blossom to put in their house, following the Vietnamese custom.
Thailand has its specific New Year’s date; it’s different from the normal calendar. The Thai New Year is celebrated on April 13. On this day, Thai people play with water, throwing it on each other. It is intended to bring good luck during the New Year ahead.
In China, the more favorable New Year is usually celebrated in February according to lunar calendar (阴历). On New Year’s Eve, all family members sit together at table, enjoying lots of auspicious foods such as dumplings, chicken to bring good luck.
Title: New Year traditions all around the world
Countries 71_________ Origins （起源）or 72______ 73______ or reasons
Egypt the end of September the Nile River flood Make fields74______
Babylon March 23 holding a 75 _______ kick off the next farming cycle
Rome January 1 Roman god, Janus 76 of a break
Thailand April 13 77______ water onto each other’s body bring good luck
Vietnam February buying fresh flowers and a peach blossom 78______the custom
China February 79_______ auspicious foods bring good luck and 80____ to everyone
Section B(10 points)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
It is the second week we have been studying English at university, and it is a new feeling for me. With the different language and the strange surroundings, I wonder how I can get used to school life in the US after graduating.
In yesterday’s class, the teacher Mr. Peters talked about baseball. He said, “Baseball is one of the most popular sports in the US. If you hope to speak English well, you must understand baseball. First you need to know the rules; then you need to try to find how it is related with the daily life.”
He gave us some examples and let some us guess the meanings. Unfortunately, I had never seen a baseball game before, so I couldn’t make any sense of it at all. But I realized that it was very useful for me to study here and melt into American society, so I was eager to learn something about baseball.
So, after class, I got out a big dictionary and asked one of my friends who had been in the US for several years for help.
My friend told me more rules about the game, but the more he told me, the more confused I felt! Maybe one day I need to watch a real game to understand better!
81. How long has the author been learning English at the university ﹙no more than 4 words﹚
82. What is one of the most popular sports in the US according to the passage ﹙no more than 2 words﹚
83. Why couldn’t the author understand Mr. Peters’ examples ﹙no more than 10 words﹚
84. What did the author do after class ﹙no more than 15 words﹚
Section C (25 points)
Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
最近我校对高一同学的学习生活适应情况做了一个调查，情况如下。请你用英语表达下表的调查内容，并提出个人观点。
要求1.字数120字左右；
2.文章开头已给，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：course 课程 benefit 对…有益 stressful有压力的
60%左右的同学认为 40%左右的同学认为 我的观点
1.高中学习很有压力2.科目难度大，课后作业多3.没有时间参加锻炼等活动 1.适应并喜欢高中生活2.课程更有趣，活动更丰富，受益匪浅 ……
Recently，a survey has been carried out in our school whether the students has adapted to the life in senior high school.
参考答案
参考范文：
Recently，a survey has been carried out in our school whether the students has adapted to the life in senior high school.
As can be seen from the result of the survey, opinions are divided. About 60% of the students hold the opinion that life in senior high school is far from relaxing. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, the subjects they are learning now are obviously more difficult. Besides, they have to do endless homework after class, which leaves them little time for exercise and other activities. On the contrary, others say they have adapted to the new life and have begun to enjoy it. They find the courses are more interesting and the activities are more colorful, which surely benefit them a lot.
better.
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www.
来源：高考资源网湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试英语（文）试题
（ 考试时间120分钟 满分150分）
PART ONE: LISTENING COMPREHENSION （30 marks）
Section A （22.5 marks）
Directions: In this section, you’ll hear 6 conversations between 2 speakers. For each conversation, there are several questions and each question is followed by 3 choices. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter (A, B or C) on the question booklet. You will hear each conversation TWICE.
Conversation 1
What is the man
A.A taxi driver B.A bus driver C.A cinema manager
Which of the following statement is true according to the conversation
The woman will not arrive on time
The woman is half an hour late
The woman has a heavy luggage
Conversation 2
What did the woman do with the wound first
Moved him to the doctors
Ride him to the hospital
Give him some first aid
What is the possible relationship between the two speakers
A.A doctor and a patient B. Friends C. Strangers
Conversation 3
When will the class meeting be held
A. On Friday morning B. On Thursday afternoon C. On Friday afternoon
What is this class meeting be held for
A. The class rules B. The school rules C. The gold rules
Conversation 4
Where does this conversation most likely take place
A. At a bank B. In a wine store C. In a Customs Office
How long was the woman out of the country
A. Four weeks B. Three weeks C. One week
What did the woman have to declare
A. Makeups B. Cigarettes C. Plants
Conversation 5
What does the man think about his new neighborhood
There is no store nearby
There is slight air pollution
There is no heavy traffic
How long does it take the man to drive to work
A. For about 20 minutes B. For about 30 minutes C. For about 40 minutes
How does the woman go to work every day
A. By subway B. By bus C. By car
Conversation 6
What does the woman say about her breakfast
A. Cold B. Too salty C. Not enough
What does the woman want at last
A.A pool B.A discount C.A comfortable bed
Where does this conversation probably take place
A. At a hotel B. On a plane C. At a restaurant
Section B ( 8.5marks)
Directions: In this section, you will hear a mini-talk. Listen carefully and then fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have got. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS. You will hear the mini-talk TWICE.
Manager of a small office
Mr. Grey Lived in the 16 , and came up to work 17
Met the stranger 18 years ago
Lent the stranger 19
The stranger Asked Mr. Grey for 20
PART TWO: LANGUAGE KNOWLEDGE （45marks）
Section A （15 marks）
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose one answer that best completes the sentence.
21.Shenzhou VII，_______ country’s third manned spaceship, was launched successfully on September 25, 2008 in _______ northwestern Gansu Province, China.
A. a; / B. the; the C. the; / D. a; the
22. In my opinion, what he told us just now about the matter doesn’t make any_______.
A. meaning B. idea C. sense D. point
23. The murderer was brought in, with his hands______ behind his back.
A. be tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied
24. They haven’t settled the problem of ______ it is necessary for her to take part in “Super Girl”.
A. if B. where C. whether D. that
25. We don’t have enough money at present; can you borrow ______ from your friend for the palace ball
A. a jewellery B. some jewelleries
C. a piece of jewelleries D. a piece of jewellery
26. ______ likely _____ we will hand in the paper the day after tomorrow
A. Is it; that B. Is it; whether C. Is it; what D. Is it; who
27. John hit_________.
A. him on the head B. him on his head
C. him in the head D. him in his head
28. The speaker _______ at the audience and then began to make his speech.
A. glared B. stared C. glanced D. looked
29. The girl was frightened at the sight of a snake and her heart was _______ fast.
A. striking B. hitting C. jumping D. beating
30. I have finished translating a large part of the book, but the rest ______ more difficult.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
31. She can’t help ______ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned
32. Nowhere else in the world______ cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.
A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist find
C. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found
33. There are some cases _______ students obviously know the school rules but don't obey them.
A. why B. where C. as D. which
34. In front of our house _______ we used to swim.
A. a river lies that B. does a river lie where
C. lies a river which D. lies a river where
35. E-mail, as well as telephones，_______ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
SECTION B (18 points)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D .Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Though born in Hawaii, Nicole Kidman first began learning performance arts while 36 in Sydney, Australia. By the age of thirteen, she was already 175 cm tall.
37 , it was more than just her height that made Kidman 38 from other teenage girls. Instead of making up all day like her classmates, she spent her spare time studying acting at the local 39 .
Kidman 40 success, and she appeared in several Australian movies and television series. In 1989, she performed in her first American movie, Dead Calm. Kidman 41 to give the best performance, so she worked hard to learn sailing skills a month 42 filming began. This perfect performance made her seem more 43 on the screen.
Perhaps it was her confidence that helped Nicole 44 the heart of Tom Cruise, one of Hollywood’s most famous actors. Cruise 45 Kidman in 1990. Their fairytale love filled gossip columns﹙八卦专栏﹚worldwide for eleven years, which helped Nicole’s career greatly. When the couple ended their marriage in 2001, fans were 46 .
The character that Kidman acted in Cold Mountain was a more accurate reflection of Kidman herself. In the movie, she 47 Ada, a young woman who overcame hardship through hard work and determination.
Her fans believe that she will continue to exceed﹙超越﹚all expectations because of her hard work.
36．A. growing up B．mixing up C．turning up D．staying up
37．A. Somehow B．Therefore C．However D．Anyway
38．A. far B．free C．safe D．different
39．A. theatre B．hospital C．factory D．temple
40．A. waited B．achieved C．studied D．judged
41．A. deserved B．failed C．required D．decided
42．A. since B．after C．before D．when
43．A. independent B．confident C．puzzled D．tired
44．A. win B．hurt C．lose D．feel
45．A. forgot B．controlled C．married D．changed
46．A. satisfied B．excited C．frightened D．surprised
47．A. loved B．played C．respected D．approved
SECTION C (12 points)
Directions: Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.
Mrs. Brown’s old grandfather lived with her and her husband. Every morning he went for 48 walk in the park and came home 49 half past twelve for his lunch.
But 50 morning a police car stopped outside Mrs. Brown’s house at twelve o’clock, and two policemen helped Mr. Brown to get out. One of 51 said to Mrs. Brown, “The poor old gentleman lost his way in the park and telephoned us to ask for help, 52 we sent a car to bring him home.” Mrs. Brown was very surprised, but she thanked the police 53 they left.
“But, grandfather,” she then said, “you have been to that park nearly 54 day for twenty years. How did you lose your way there ”
The old man smiled, closed one eye and said, “I didn’t quite lose my way. I just got tired and I didn’t want to 55 home!”
PART THREE READING COMPREHENSION (30 points)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passages is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked with A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage.
A
A famous teacher was speaking to the students at our school. He began his lesson by holding up a ￡100 bill. Then he said to the three hundred students, “Who would like to have this ￡100 bill ” The students began to put up their hands at once.
Then he said, “I am going to give this bill to one of you, but first, let me do this.” He then made this bill into a ball. Then he said, “Who wants it ” Hands went into the air.
“Well,” he said, “What if I do this ” and he dropped it on the floor and stepped on it. He picked up the dirty, crumpled bill and said, “Who still wants it ” Hands went back into the air.
“My friends,” he said, “You’ve learned a valued lesson today. No matter what I did to the money, you still wanted it because it didn’t go down in value. It was still worth ￡100.
Many times in our lives, we’re dropped; crumpled, and stepped on by the chances we take and the things that happen to us. We feel as if we are worth nothing. But remember, no matter what has happened to you, you will never lose your value: you are always valuable to those who love you. Your value doesn’t come from what you drop or whom you know，but WHO YOU ARE .
You are special and valuable. Don’t ever forget it!
56. The story happened ______.
A. when the teacher gave the students some advice on how to learn English.
B. when the students were having a meeting.
C. when the teacher gave the students a speech.
D. when the students were discussing something interesting with their teachers.
57. Even though the money was dirty, it _______.
A. went up in value B. was worth much
C. didn’t reduce in value D. was still ours
58. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph means_______.
A. the students put up their hands again.
B. the students put down their hands.
C. the students agreed to what the teacher said
D. the students put their hands in front of them
59. Why did the famous teacher use a ￡100 at his lesson
A. Because he wanted to give a lecture about money.
B. Because he was used to dropping a bill on the floor and stepping on it.
C. Because he was going to give the bill to one of the students.
D. Because he wanted to make the students know what the value was.
60. What lesson can you learn from the passage
A.￡100 bill is worth the same no matter what you do with it
B. All people love money most.
C. Your value doesn’t change no matter what happens to you.
D. The value of money changes when it is made dirty.
B
Mr. Jackson was tired of living in his old house in the countryside and wanted to sell it and buy a better one. He tried to sell it for a long time, but was not successful, so at last he decided to go to an estate agent.
The agent advertised(登广告) the house straight away, and a few days later, the owner saw a very beautiful photograph of his house, with a wonderful description of his garden in an expensive magazine.
Having read the advertisement through, the house owner hurried to phone the estate agent, saying, “I'm sorry, Mr. Jones, but I've decided not to sell my house after all.” “Why ” the agent asked in a surprised voice. “Because from the advertisement in that magazine I can see it's just the kind of house I've wanted to live in all my life.”
61. Mr. Jackson wanted to sell his house because _____.
A. he needed some money to support his family
B. his house was too old to live in
C. he wanted some money to buy a new one
D. he didn't want to live in the house any longer
62. The reason why Mr. Jackson went to the estate agent was _____.
A. he had failed in selling his house by himself
B. he wanted the estate agent to help him to get a good price
C. he was sure that the estate agent could help him
D. he wanted the estate to advertise his house in the magazine
63. At last Mr. Jones _____.
A. was successful in selling the house
B. felt sorry to have lost a sale by his doing too good a job
C. was satisfied with what he had done in the advertisement
D. didn’t understand why Mr. Jackson had changed his mind
64. What do you think of the advertisement in magazines
A. They are worth reading.
B. They usually make things far better than they really are.
C. They are a great help to those who want to buy something.
D. They describe things as they really are.
65. What’s the meaning of “an estate agent” in paragraph one
A. a person who has a house to sell
B. a person who helps others to advertise houses in magazines
C. a person whose work is to sell houses for others
D. a person who likes beautiful houses
C
Pat O’Burke was a poor Irishman with a large family, and one morning, waking up very early from cold and hunger, he decided to go shooting in a wood near his cottage. The wood belonged to Lord Northwood, a rich gentleman, Pat had no right to go there, but in it there were swarms of rabbits and flocks of birds that were good to eat, and Pat determined to take the risk. Suddenly he saw the owner, with a group of friends, coming towards him in the wood. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face as he caught sight of the gun in Pat's hands. Pat's heart sank with fear, but he saw there was no hope of escape, so he walked boldly (大胆) up to the group and said to Lord Northwood, “Good morning, sir, and what has brought you out so early this morning ” Lord Northwood, rather surprised, said he and his friends were taking a little exercise to get an appetite(食欲) for their breakfast. Then, looking at Pat with suspicion(怀疑), he said, “but why are you out so early in the morning ” “Well, sir” said Pat, “I just came out to see if I could get a breakfast for my appetite.” The whole crowed burst into laughter at Pat's ready wit(机智，风趣), and with a smile Lord Northwood walked on, leaving Pat to try his luck with the rabbits.
66. This is a story about _____.
A. a rich man who owned a big wood
B. a poor Irishman who lived all by himself
C. a clever man who tried to get something to eat
D. an Irish hunter with a large family
67. There was a look of anger on Lord Northwood's face. Why
A. He was not expecting Pat at this early hour.
B. He knew Pat was coming for shooting.
C. He didn't like the poor Irishman at all.
D. Pat had not told him he would come.
68. Why was Lord Northwood surprised
A. He had not expected such a bold question from Pat.
B. He wondered why Pat didn't run away.
C. Pat wasn't afraid of him.
D. Pat had a gun in his hands.
69. What made the whole crowd burst into laughter
A. Pat's funny looks B. Pat's interesting remarks
C. Pat's quick and humorous response D. Pat's promise to leave fight away
70. Guess the meaning of the underlined word “right”.
A. 对的 B. 右边 C. 正好 D. 权利
PART FOUR WRITING （45marks）
Section A (10 points)
Directions: Read the following plete the diagram by using the information for the passage. Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer.
New Year traditions all around the world
“Happy New Year!” Everyone will greet each other with these words as they meet each other over the next couple of weeks. But it wasn’t always January 1 that marked the New Year.
At least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. In Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flooded, enriching farmers’ fields. This happened at the end of September.
The Babylonians held a festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle. The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.
The date January 1 was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January originates from the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.
In Vietnam, the New Year holiday happens in February. They buy fresh flowers and a peach blossom to put in their house, following the Vietnamese custom.
Thailand has its specific New Year’s date; it’s different from the normal calendar. The Thai New Year is celebrated on April 13. On this day, Thai people play with water, throwing it on each other. It is intended to bring good luck during the New Year ahead.
In China, the more favorable New Year is usually celebrated in February according to lunar calendar (阴历). On New Year’s Eve, all family members sit together at table, enjoying lots of auspicious foods such as dumplings, chicken to bring good luck.
Title: New Year traditions all around the world
Countries 71_________ Origins （起源）or 72______ 73______ or reasons
Egypt the end of September the Nile River flood Make fields74______
Babylon March 23 holding a 75 _______ kick off the next farming cycle
Rome January 1 Roman god, Janus 76 of a break
Thailand April 13 77______ water onto each other’s body bring good luck
Vietnam February buying fresh flowers and a peach blossom 78______the custom
China February 79_______ auspicious foods bring good luck and 80____ to everyone
Section B(10 points)
Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.
It is the second week we have been studying English at university, and it is a new feeling for me. With the different language and the strange surroundings, I wonder how I can get used to school life in the US after graduating.
In yesterday’s class, the teacher Mr. Peters talked about baseball. He said, “Baseball is one of the most popular sports in the US. If you hope to speak English well, you must understand baseball. First you need to know the rules; then you need to try to find how it is related with the daily life.”
He gave us some examples and let some us guess the meanings. Unfortunately, I had never seen a baseball game before, so I couldn’t make any sense of it at all. But I realized that it was very useful for me to study here and melt into American society, so I was eager to learn something about baseball.
So, after class, I got out a big dictionary and asked one of my friends who had been in the US for several years for help.
My friend told me more rules about the game, but the more he told me, the more confused I felt! Maybe one day I need to watch a real game to understand better!
81. How long has the author been learning English at the university ﹙no more than 4 words﹚
82. What is one of the most popular sports in the US according to the passage ﹙no more than 2 words﹚
83. Why couldn’t the author understand Mr. Peters’ examples ﹙no more than 10 words﹚
84. What did the author do after class ﹙no more than 15 words﹚
Section C (25 points)
Directions: Write an English composition according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
最近我校对高一同学的学习生活适应情况做了一个调查，情况如下。请你用英语表达下表的调查内容，并提出个人观点。
要求1.字数120字左右；
2.文章开头已给，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：course 课程 benefit 对…有益 stressful有压力的
60%左右的同学认为 40%左右的同学认为 我的观点
1.高中学习很有压力2.科目难度大，课后作业多3.没有时间参加锻炼等活动 1.适应并喜欢高中生活2.课程更有趣，活动更丰富，受益匪浅 ……
Recently，a survey has been carried out in our school whether the students has adapted to the life in senior high school.
参考答案
参考范文：
Recently，a survey has been carried out in our school whether the students has adapted to the life in senior high school.
As can be seen from the result of the survey, opinions are divided. About 60% of the students hold the opinion that life in senior high school is far from relaxing. The reasons are as follows. Firstly, the subjects they are learning now are obviously more difficult. Besides, they have to do endless homework after class, which leaves them little time for exercise and other activities. On the contrary, others say they have adapted to the new life and have begun to enjoy it. They find the courses are more interesting and the activities are more colorful, which surely benefit them a lot.
better.
版权所有：金太阳新课标资源网( http://wx.jtyjy.com/)
www.
来源：高考资源网湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试生物试题
单项选择题（每小题2分，共60分）
1、已知小麦抗病对感病为显性，无芒对有芒为显性，两对性独立遗传。用纯合的抗病无芒与感病有芒杂交，F1自交，播种所有的F2，假定所有F2植株都能成活，在F2植株开花前，拔掉所有的有芒植株，并对剩余植株套袋，假定剩余的每株F2收获的种子数量相等，且F3的表现型符合遗传定律。从理论上讲F3中表现感病植株的比例为
A．1/8 B．3/8 C．1/16 D．3/16
2、下列有关孟德尔豌豆杂交实验的叙述，正确的是 A．孟德尔在豌豆开花时进行去雄和授粉，实现亲本的杂交 B．孟德尔研究豌豆花的构造，但无需考虑雌蕊、雄蕊的发育程度C．孟德尔根据亲本中不同个体表现型来判断亲本是否纯合 D．孟德尔利用了豌豆自花传粉、闭花受粉的特性3、已知A与a、B与b、C与C 3对等位基因自由组合，基因型分别为AaBbCc、AabbCc的两个体进行杂交。下列关于杂交后代的推测，正确的是 A．表现型有8种，AaBbCc个体的比例为1／16 B．表现型有4种，aaBbcc个体的比例为1／16C．表现型有8种，Aabbcc个体的比例为1／8D．表现型有8种，aaBbCc个体的比例为1／16
4、已知某闭花受粉植物高茎对矮茎为显性，红花对白花为显性，两对性状独立遗传。用纯合的高茎红花与矮茎白花杂交，F1自交，播种所有的F2，假定所有的F2植株都能成活，F2植株开花时，拔掉所有的白花植株，假定剩余的每株F2自交收获的种子数量相等，且F3的表现性符合遗传的基本定律。从理论上讲F3中表现白花植株的比例为
A．1/4 B.1/6 C.1/8 D.1/16
5、分析某生物的双链DNA，发现腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶之和占全部碱基的64％，其中一条链上的腺嘌呤占该链全部碱基的30％，则对应链中腺嘌呤占整个DNA分子碱基的比例是
A、50% B、34% C、32% D、17%
6、一个具有1000个碱基对的DNA分子，如果腺嘌呤的含量为20%，则含胞嘧啶的碱基对为
A、200个 B、300个 C、400个 D、600个
7、在某种牛中，基因为AA的个体的体色是红褐色的，aa为红色的。基因型为Aa的个体中，雄牛是红褐色的，而雌牛则为红色。一头红褐色的母牛生了一头红色小牛，这头小牛的性别及其因型为
A．雄性或雌性，aa B．雄性，Aa
C．雌性，Aa D．雌性，aa或Aa
8、请指出无丝分裂、有丝分裂、减数分裂共有的选项
A．纺锤体的形成 B．着丝点分裂 C．染色体数目减半 D．DNA复制
9、如图为甲、乙家族为同种遗传病的系谱图，
若6号与9号婚配，生一个正常男孩的几率是
A．4/9 B．5/12
C．1/12 D．3/8
10、下列是减数分裂过程中的几个步骤，其正确的顺序是
①形成四分体 ②同源染色体分离 ③细胞质分离 ④联会
⑤染色体复制 ⑥染色单体分离 ⑦着丝点分裂
A．②①③④⑦⑤⑥③ B．③⑤②⑦④⑥①③
C．⑤④①②③⑦⑥③ D．⑤④⑦③⑥②①③
11、某动物的精细胞中有染色体16条，则在该动物的初级精母细胞前期时存在的染色体条数、四分体个数、染色单体条数、DNA分子个数分别是
A．32、16、64、64 B．32、8、32、64
C．16、8、32、32 D．16、0、32、32
12、如欲观察细胞减数分裂过程，可选用的材料是
A．马蛔虫受精卵 B．成熟花粉粒 C．小鼠睾丸 D．叶芽
13、在生殖季节，一只雌蛙产4000粒卵，能与精巢中多少个精原细胞产生的精子受精形成受精卵
A．4000个 B．2000个 C．1000个 D．500个
14、下列关于对受精卵的叙述中，错误的是
A．受精卵中的遗传物质一半来自精子 B．受精卵中的染色体一半来自母本
C．受精卵是一个新的生命发育的起点 D．受精卵中含有丰富的营养物质
15、基因型AaBbCCDd的个体，1000个初级精母细胞可形成精子
A．2种 B．4种 C．8种 D．16种
16、下列关于基因和染色体关系的叙述，正确的是
A．基因全部在染色体上 B．基因在染色体上呈线性排列
C．一条染色体上有一个基因 D．染色体就是由基因组成的
17、下图是一种伴性遗传病的家系图，据图做出的判断错误的是
A．该病是显性遗传病，Ⅱ5是杂合子
B．Ⅲ7与正常女性结婚，子女都不患病
C．该致病基因位于X染色体的同源区段上，
Y染色体上有相对应的等位基因
D．建议Ⅲ9最好选择生育男孩，Ⅲ8最好不要小孩
18、下列关于孟德尔遗传规律现代解释的叙述错误的是
A．非同源染色体上的非等位基因的分离和组合是互不干扰的
B．同源染色体上的等位基因具有一定的独立性
C．同源染色体上的等位基因分离，非等位基因自由组合
D．同源染色体上的等位基因分离，非同源染色体上的非等位基因自由组合
19、下列现象是细胞有丝分裂和减数分裂过程共有的是
①DNA复制一次；②着丝点的分裂；③最终产生两个子细胞；④有同源染色体的分离；⑤能进行非同源染色体组合；⑥有染色体、纺锤体的出现。
A．①②⑤⑥ B．①②④⑥ C．②③④⑥ D．①②⑥
20、右图是细胞分裂某时期示意图，下面的叙述中不正确的是
A．后期时移向同一极的染色体均为非同源染色体
B．④是一个染色体，包含两个染色单体①、③，两个染色单体由一个着丝点②相连
C．细胞中有两对同源染色体，即④和⑦，⑤和⑥
D．因为细胞中有中心体⑨，无细胞壁，所以可以断定该细胞为动物细胞
21、下列各组细胞中一定存在Y染色体的是
A．人神经元、果蝇次级精母细胞 B．人的初级精母细胞、男性肝细胞
C．人的肝细胞、男性成熟的红细胞 D．人初级卵母细胞、人第一极体
22、下列哪项不是遗传物质应该具有的特点
A．分子结构不稳定，容易产生可遗传的变异
B．在细胞生长和繁殖的过程中能够精确地复制
C．能够指导蛋白质合成，从而控制生物的性状和新陈代谢
D．具有储存巨大数量遗传信息的潜在能力
23、下列说法正确的是
A．1个细胞中染色体数与着丝点一致
B．1个细胞中染色单体数与DNA分子数一致
C．初级精母细胞中DNA分子数与正常体细胞中的一致
D．减数第二次分裂后期，次级精母细胞中的染色体数是正常体细胞中的一半
24、下列有关核酸的叙述中，不正确的是
A．核酸由C、H、O、N、P等元素组成 B．核酸的基本组成单位是DNA和RNA
C．核酸能控制蛋白质的合成 D．DNA主要存在于细胞核内
25、用15N标记细菌的DNA分子，再将它们放入含14N的培养基中连续繁殖四代，a、b、c为三种DNA分子：a只含15N，b同时含14N和15N，c只含14N，如下图所示，这三种DNA分子的比例正确的是
A B C D
26、原核生物、真核生物、病毒的遗传物质分别是
①DNA ②RNA ③DNA和RNA ④DNA或RNA
A．①②③ B．④④④ C．①③④ D．①①④
27、下列有关染色体、DNA、基因、脱氧核苷酸的说法，不正确的是
A．在DNA分子结构中，与脱氧核糖直接相连的一般是一个磷酸基和一个碱基
B．基因是具有遗传效应的DNA片段，一个DNA分子上可含有成百上千个基因
C．一个基因含有许多个脱氧核苷酸，基因的特异性是由脱氧核苷酸的排列顺序决定的
D．染色体是DNA的主要载体，一条染色体上含有1个或2个DNA分子
28、下列有关DNA复制的叙述，正确的是
A．DNA分子在解旋酶的作用下，水解成脱氧核苷酸
B．全部解旋之后才开始碱基配对
C．解旋后以一条母链为模板合成两条新的子链
D．复制后，每个新DNA分子中含有一条母链和一条子链
29、马和豚鼠体细胞具有相同数目的染色体，但性状差异很大，原因是
A．生活环境不同 B．DNA分子中碱基配对方式不同
C．着丝点数目不同 D．DNA分子中碱基对排列顺序不同
30、假定大肠杆菌含14N的DNA的相对分子质量为a，含15N的DNA的相对分子质量为b，现将含15N的大肠杆菌培养在含14N的培养基中，那么，子二代中DNA的平均相对分子质量是
A．(3a+b)/4 B．(a+b)/2 C．3a+b D．(3b+a)/4
二、非选择题（每空一分，共40分）
31、（12分）如下图是三个不同时期的细胞分裂图，请回答：
（1）图A属 分裂的 时期。细胞中有 条染色单体。
（2）图B细胞的名称是 。
此细胞分裂后的子细胞叫做 ，含 条染色体、 条染色单体。
（3）图C处于 期，此细胞的名称是 ，它分裂后得到的子细胞为 。
（4）A、C两图中染色体数之比为 ；DNA数之比为 。
32、（10分）下图是某家族患甲病（显性基因为A，隐性基因为a）和乙病 （为伴性遗传病，显性基因为B，隐性基因为b）两种遗传病的系谱图，请据图回答：
（1）由遗传图谱可判断出甲病为 染色体上______性遗传病。
（2）Ⅱ-2的基因型为 ；Ⅲ-2的基因型为 。
（3）假设Ⅲ-1和Ⅲ-4结婚生了一个孩子，则该小孩只患一种病的概率为 。
33、（8分）由15N标记的DNA分子放在含有14N的培养基中培养，复制n次。请完成下列问题。
（1）该DNA分子在复制过程中需要________________ ___等条件。DNA分子________结构能够为复制提供精确的模板，通过______ _ ___保证了复制能够正确的进行。
（2）复制后只含14N的DNA分子有 个，含15N的DNA分子占全部DNA分子的比例为 。
（3）已知该DNA分子共有p个脱氧核糖，腺嘌呤有q个。那么复制n次需要的胞嘧啶数为______________。
（4）已知该DNA分子的一条链中A+G/T+C的值为m，那么另一条链中A+G/T+C的值为______ ____，整个DNA分子中A+G/T+C的值为____ _____。
34、（10分）已知果蝇中长翅与残翅为一对相对性状（显性基因用A表示，隐性基因用a表示）；直毛和分叉毛为一对相对性状（显性基因用B表示，隐性基因用b表示）。两只亲代果蝇交配得到以下子代的类型和比例：
表现型 长翅、直毛 残翅、直毛 长翅、分叉毛 残翅、分叉毛
雄果蝇 3/8 1/8 3/8 1/8
雌果蝇 3/4 1/4 0 0
请回答下列问题：
（1）控制直毛和分叉毛遗传的基因位于 染色体上； 翅为显性性状。
（2）亲代雌雄果蝇的基因型分别为 、 。
（3）具有一对相对性状的纯合亲本进行正交和反交，上述两对相对性状中子代表现型不一致的是 ，一般情况下，如果子代表现型一致，可说明控制该相对性状的等位基因位于 染色体上。
（4）请设计实验验证长翅和残翅、直毛和分叉毛两对相对性状的遗传行为符合基因的自由组合定律。
第一步：选择纯种的长翅直毛雌果蝇与纯种残翅分叉毛雄果蝇交配，得到F1；
第二步：让F1代雄果蝇与表现型为 果蝇进行测交；
第三步：观察并统计 。
预期结果：
。
（5）遗传学家曾做过这样的实验：长翅果蝇幼虫的正常培养温度为25℃，科学家将孵化后4—7天的长翅果蝇幼虫在37℃的环境下处理6—24小时后，得到了某些残翅果蝇，这些残翅果蝇在25℃下产生的后代仍然是长翅果蝇，实验说明
。
参考答案
选择题（共30道小题，每小题2分，共60分。）
二、非选择题（共40分）
31、（12分，每空1分）答案：（1）有丝，中期，8 ；
（2）初级精母细胞，次级精母细胞，2， 4 ；
（3）减数第二次分裂后，次级卵母细胞，卵细胞和极体； （4）1：1， 2：1 。
32、（10分，每空2分）答案：（每空2分，共10分）
（1）常 ， 显 ； （2）AaXBXb ， AaXbY ； （3） 15/24 ；湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试地理试题
一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共50分）
1．图中四条曲线分别代表发展中国家城市化水平、发达国家城市化水平、发展中国家城市人口和发达国家城市人口，它们对应的曲线分别是( )
A．①②③④ B．④③②①
C．②④③① D．②①③④
2．从图中能得到的结论是( )
A．发达国家城市化速度在加快
B．发展中国家城市化速度始终高于发达国家
C．2010年世界城市人口比重不到一半
D．目前世界城市人口数量以发展中国家居多
下图中图甲表示我国2008年某市人口出生率和死亡率，图乙为我国不同阶段人口增长状况图。读图回答3～4题。
3．关于图甲所示城市人口自然增长特点的叙述，正确的是( )
A．高出生率、高死亡率
B．高出生率、低死亡率
C．人口数量呈下降趋势
D．人口数量增长较缓
4．图甲所示城市人口自然增长状况最接近图乙中的( )
A．Ⅰ阶段 B．Ⅱ阶段
C．Ⅲ阶段 D．Ⅳ阶段
上海市1999年以来出生率在6‰以下，死亡率在8‰以下。下图是1999～2008年来上海市人口总数与自然增长率变化示意图，据此回答5～8题。
5．上海市人口增长模式属于 （ ）
A．“高高低”模式 B．“三低”模式
C．高增长模式 D．增长下降模式
6．近年来，上海市人口自然增长率下降而人口
总数上升的主要原因是（ ）
A．出生率高 B．死亡率低
C．人口迁移 D．经济发达
7．导致上海市人口总数增加的主要原因是( )
A．经济因素 B．政治 C．生态环境因素 D．社会文化因素
8．人口合理容量 ( )
A．是持续供养的最佳人口数量 B．与环境承载力相同
C．是地球可供养的最大人口数 D．大于环境承载力
下图中A、B、C代表三个城市，R1、R2和R3分别代表其服务围，且R1＜R2＜R3，据图回答9～10题。
9．三个城市服务职能符合规律的是( )
A．A——小学 B——中学 C——大学
B．A——小学 B——大学 C——中学
C．A——中学 B——大学 C——小学
D．A——大学 B——小学 C——中学
10．有关三个城市的叙述正确的是( )
A．A服务半径最小，服务范围最大 B．A比B提供的职能种类较多
C．C的城市级别最高 D．C的服务范围小于B
11读“同心圆理论模式图”，回答6~8题。
该模式中，1—2—3—4—5依次为（ ）
A.中心商务区—过渡带—高级住宅区—工人住宅带—通勤带
B.中心商务区—过渡带—通勤带—高级住宅区—工人住宅带
C.通勤带—过渡带—中心商务区—工人住宅带—高级住宅区
D.中心商务区—过渡带—工人住宅带—高级住宅区—通勤带
读城市发展模式图，回答12～13题。
12．能正确反映城市发展一般过程的是( )
A．甲 B．乙 C．丙 D．丁
13．下列因素与郊区城市化的形成无关的是( )
A．郊区基础设施逐渐完善
B．城市居民追求更好的环境质量
C．农业现代化使农业人口逐渐减少，城市人口增加
D．城区与郊区交通网络更加便捷
下图是“某城市热岛形成的热力环流示意图”。据此完成14～15题。
14．城市热岛形成的主要原因是( )
A城市上空多尘埃物质
B城市绿地面积小
C人类生产、生活释放大量的热量
D人类活动排放大量的 温室气体
15．下列利于改善城市环境的可行性措施有( )
①扩大绿地面积 ②完善城市道路网 ③提倡坐出租车 ④加强城市管理
A．①②③ B．②③④ C．①②④ D．①②③④
读“台湾岛略图”，完成16～17题。
16．造成台湾岛东西部城市密度差异最主要的区位因素是( )
A．气候 B．地形 C．资源 D．军事
17．图中城市共同的区位因素是( )
A．平原地形 B．亚热带季风气候
C．铁路沿线 D．濒临海洋
聚落的形成和发展，不但受自然地理因素的影响，还受社会经济因素的影响。在上述两大因素影响下，有的聚落成长，有的聚落衰落。读图完成18～19题。
18．图中四个聚落中，最有可能发展成为城市的是 ( )
A．a B．b C．c D．d
19．影响该城市形成的主要区位因素是( )
①宗教中心②自然资源丰富③地形开阔平坦 ④河流交汇处
A．①② B．①④ C．③④ D．②③
20．从城市功能区合理布局的角度考虑，若在下图中分别布置中心商务区、住宅区、城郊农业区、港口码头四个功能区，则①②③④对应的功能分区分别是( )
A．港口码头、城郊农业区、住宅区、中心商务区
B．住宅区、港口码头、城郊农业区、中心商务区
C．港口码头、城郊农业区、中心商务区、住宅区
D．中心商务区、住宅区、港口码头、城郊农业区
下图为某市用地略图，其中c为高新工业区，城市北面多为盐碱地，东面和南面以高产田为主。据此完成21～22题。
21．假如该城市工业布局较为合理，则这里的盛行风向不可能是( )
①东北风 ②东南风 ③西北风 ④西南风
A．①② B．③④
C．①③ D．②④
22．该城市工业区发展的延伸方向，主要是( )
A．沿河流流向
B．沿交通干线方向
C．沿地价变高方向
D．沿地势倾斜方向
下图是“某城市不同时期人口密度与距市中心距离关系图”，读图回答23-25。
23．按城市化发展过程，下列四幅图的排序依次是( )
A．a—d—b—c B．a—c—d—b C．d—b—c—a D．c—d—b—a
24．该城市在此发展过程中出现的现象是（ ）
A．城市人口逐渐向市中心集聚 B．出现逆城市化趋势
C．城市用地规模逐渐减小 D．市区交通流量明显减小
25．b图中距市中心8千米处，最有可能分布的城市功能区是（ ）
A．商业区 B．行政区 C．工业区 D．住宅
答题卡
一、选择题（共25道小题，每小题2分，共50分。）
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
题号 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
答案
二、综合题(50分)
26.分析甲、乙两国的人口年龄结构示意图，回答问题。（12分）
（1）甲、乙两国中，人口老龄化严重的是 国，（1分）
理由是 。(2分)
（2）甲、乙两国中，近年来人口净增数量较大的是 国；（1分）人口出现负增长的是 国；（1分）具有经济发达国家人口年龄结构特点的是 国。（1分）
（3）两国针对面临的人口问题应分别采取怎样的人口政策？（6分）
27．读下图，回答下列问题。（10分）
(1)A、B、C三个城市中，提供职能最少的是 ，（1分）服务范围最大的是 ，（1分）理由
（4分）
(2)在我国的A、B、C三类城市中，数目最多的是 ，彼此之间距离最大的是 （2分）
(3)若C城市以政治职能为主，且在我国数目最少，那么这个城市是 。（2分）
28．下图是我国某特大城市示意图。读图回答下列问题。(16分)
(1)早期该城市选址的有利条件 ， 。（4分）
(2)目前该城市的空间结构属于 模式。M、P、Q中 处是高级住宅区。（4分）
(3)拟在甲、乙两处规划建设高新技术工业城和石油化工城两座卫星城市。石油化工城应建在 处，理由是
。（4分）
(4)请简述甲、乙两卫星城建设对该城市发展的意义。（4分）
29.下图是一个市镇的平面略图。该市镇冬季常吹偏北风，夏季常吹东南风，请从该市镇建设的合理布局考虑，回答下列问题。（12分）
(1)在图上A、B、C的哪一个位置上建自来水厂比较合适？为什么？（3分）
(2)在图上D、E、F的哪一个位置上建化工厂比较合适？为什么？（3分）
(3)在图上G、H的哪一个位置上建卫生防护绿化带比较好？为什么？（3分）
(4)在图上I、J的哪一处建疗养院比较好？为什么？（3 分）
参考答案
一、选择题（共30道小题，每小题2分，共60分。）
二、非选择题（共50分）
29、(1)C；在河流的上游，河水不受市镇环境污染，水质好。
(2)E；E点位于河流的下游，当地盛行风垂直的郊外，可减少对市镇环境的污染。
(3)G；G在化工厂和居民区之间，可起到净化空气、减弱噪音等作用。
(4)I；I位于山丘的缓坡上，并有森林分布，环境优美、空气清新。
93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03（年）
自然增长率
人
口
总
数
（万人）
人口总
自然增长率率
（‰）
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
1350
1330
1310
1290
1270湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题
第I卷（共27分）
一、语言基础知识及运用（每小题3分，共12分）
1、下列词语的字形及加点字注音全都正确的一项是（ ）
A．间或(jiàn) 朝暾(tūn) 蹙缩(cù) 苍皇失措
B．敕造(chì) 纨绔(kù) 孱弱(chán) 不记其数
C．潸然(shān) 两靥(yè) 懵懂(měnɡ) 纷至沓来
D．踌蹰(chú) 联袂(mèi) 蹂躏(lìn) 哀声叹气
2、依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是：（ ）（4分）
①我国将开展选拔女宇航员的工作，虽然有外国的选拔条件作参照，但还要符合中国国情，具体做法还要进一步__________。
②书中以汉、宋为正统，这不是历史观，而是现实的_________，不能以历史的标准来要求。
③解决经济生活当中的深层次矛盾和问题，__________结构，转变经济增长方式，要靠改革。
A. 摸索 反映 调整 B. 探索 反映 调控
C. 摸索 反应 调控 D. 探索 反应 调整
3、下列各句中没有语病的一句是（ ）
A．2011年1月9日《烟草控制框架公约》正式生效，中国禁烟最大的问题在于烟民的理念和背后的利益链。中国现在每年大概有10万左右的人死于二手烟。
B．专家分析政府网站为什么越来越受到黑客的青睐，原因是不少政府网站搞网上形象工程，摆花架子，甚至利用手中的信息权力追求个人经济利益，致使信息垄断造成的。
C．中央经济工作会议明确提出明年要实施稳健的财政政策和从紧的货币政策。这是继2008年“从紧”和2009年“适度宽松”后，我国货币政策再次回归“稳健”。
D．被各界广为关注的浙江吉利控股集团拟收购沃尔沃轿车公司一事有了最重要的一次进展，已与福特汽车公司就收购沃尔沃轿车公司的所有重要商业条款达成一致意见。
4、依次填入下面一段文字横线处的语句，衔接最恰当的一组是( )
“中国结”的全称是“中国传统装饰结”，________，________，________，________，________，________，因此绳结也是中国古典服饰的重要组成部分。
①人们很早就开始用绳结来装饰器物，为绳结注入了美学内涵
②当时的绳结是人们日常生活中的必备用具
③“中国结”的起源可以追溯到上古时期
④它是中华民族特有的一种手工编织工艺品，具有悠久的历史
⑤此外，绳结还被应用在人们的衣着、佩饰上
⑥同时也具有记载历史的重要功用，因而在人们的心目中很神圣
A．③②④⑥⑤① B．③①②⑤⑥④
C．④①③②⑤⑥ D．④③②⑥①⑤
二、文言文阅读（选择题每题3分，共9分；翻译题10分）
退 让
贾谊
梁大夫宋就者，为边县令，与楚邻界。梁之边亭与楚之边亭皆种瓜，各有数。梁之边亭劬①力而数灌，其瓜美；楚窳②而希灌，其瓜恶。楚令固以梁瓜之美，怒其亭瓜之恶也。楚亭恶梁瓜之贤己，因夜往，窃搔梁亭之瓜。皆有死焦者矣。梁亭觉之，因请其尉，亦欲窃往，报搔楚亭之瓜。尉以请，宋就曰：“恶！是何言也！是构怨召祸之道也。恶！何称之甚也！若我教子，必每莫令人往，窃为楚亭夜善灌其瓜，令勿知也。”于是，梁亭乃每夜往，窃灌楚亭之瓜。楚亭旦而行瓜，则皆已灌矣。瓜日以美，楚亭怪而察之，则乃梁亭也。楚令闻之大悦，具以闻。楚王闻之，恕然丑以志自惛也，告吏曰：“微搔瓜，得无他罪乎？”说梁之阴让也，乃谢以重币，而请交于梁王。楚王时则称说梁王以为信，故梁、楚之欢由宋就始。语曰：“转败而为功，因祸而为福。”老子曰：“报怨以德。”此之谓乎！夫人既不善，胡足效哉？
翟王使使至楚。楚王欲夸之，故飨客于章华之台上。上者三休，而乃至其上。楚王曰：“翟国亦有此台乎？”使者曰否翟窭国也恶见此台也翟王之自为室也堂高三尺壤陛三累茅茨弗翦采椽弗刮。且翟王犹以作之者大苦，居之者大佚。翟国恶见此台也！”楚王愧。
【注】①劬(qú)：勤劳，劳苦。 ②窳(yǔ)：懒惰。
5、 对下列句子中加点词语的解释，不正确的一项是( )
A. 必每莫令人往 莫：不要
B. 楚边亭旦而行瓜 行： 巡察
C. 恕然丑以志自惛也 丑：以为羞耻
D. 故飨客于章华之台上 飨：宴请
6、 下列各组句子中，加点词的意义和用法相同的一组是( )
A. 怒其亭瓜之恶也 余亦悔其随之而不得极夫游之乐也
B. 梁亭觉之，因请其尉 因宾客至蔺相如门谢罪
C. 若我教子，必每莫令人往 若入前为寿，寿毕，请以剑舞
D. 楚亭怪而察之，则乃梁边亭也 以其乃华山之阳而名之也。
7、下列用“/”给文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是( )
A. 使者曰/否翟窭国也/恶见此台也/翟王之/自为室也/堂高三尺壤/陛三累茅茨/弗翦采/椽弗刮
B. 使者曰/否/翟/窭国也/恶见此台也/翟王之自为室也/堂高三尺/壤陛三累/茅茨弗翦/采椽弗刮
C. 使者曰/否翟/窭国也/恶见此台也/翟王之自为室也/堂高三尺壤/陛三累茅茨/弗翦采/椽弗刮
D. 使者曰/否翟窭国也/恶见/此台也/翟王之自为室也/堂高三尺/壤陛三累/茅茨弗翦/采椽弗刮
8、 下列各句对原文有关内容的理解，不正确的一项是( )
A. 第一则故事赞美宋就以德报怨的精神，这种精神不仅解决了梁、楚两国的边境纠纷，也对和睦邦交起了作用。
B. 宋就让梁边亭人晚上暗中帮助楚边亭人浇灌瓜地，表现了他大度宽容的胸怀。楚令了解真相之后，很高兴地把这件事报告给楚王。
C. 翟王派使者到楚国，楚王想夸奖使者，于是在章华台上宴请宾客。章华台很高，登台的人一路休息多次，才能上到顶上。
D. 全文少说理，多叙事，主旨体现在标题上。文章中引用古语和老子的话，启示后人在处理人际关系乃至国与国之间关系时应该谦让。
第II卷（共126分）
三、文言诗文（22分）
9、把文言文阅读材料中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。
(1)楚边亭恶梁瓜之贤己，因夜往，窃搔梁边亭之瓜。(4分)
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(2)乃谢以重币，而请交于梁王。（3分）
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(3)且翟王犹以作之者大苦，居之者大佚。（3分）
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10、阅读下面一首唐诗，完成练习。(7分)
虞美人 寄公度
舒亶①
芙蓉落尽天涵水，日暮沧波起。背飞双燕贴云寒，独向小楼东畔倚阑看。
浮生只合尊前老，雪满长安道。故人早晚上高台，赠我江南春色一枝梅。
【注】①舒亶：宋神宗时任御史中丞，获罪罢官，曾写此词寄赠江南友人公度。
⑴ 词上阕点明了季节的句子是 ；“背飞双燕”一语，在词中的寓意是 。（2分）
⑵ 试从“虚实结合”的角度赏析本首词。（5分）
11、补写出下列各句中的空缺部分。（每空1分，共5分，错一字该空不得分。）
①上有六龙回日之高标， 。(李白《蜀道难》
②江间波浪兼天涌， 。 （杜甫《秋兴八首》其一）
③ ，独留青冢向黄昏。 （杜甫《咏怀古迹五首》其三）
④千呼万唤始出来， 。 （白居易《琵琶行》）
⑤ ，蓝田日暖玉生烟。 （李商隐《锦瑟》）
四、(论述类、实用类文章）阅读（12分，其中选择题6分，答案必须写在答题卡第一卷表格中的相应位置；第14题6分）阅读下面文字，完成12—14题：
“文化焦虑”弥漫当前社会
杨福泉
随着国门的打开，以西方文化为主体的外来文化通过各种渠道不断涌向中国。尽管我国各地正不断加强申报世界文化遗产的工作，但我国城市和乡村里的物质和非物质传统文化遗产还是在以惊人的速度衰落甚至消失。于是，有越来越多的人士呼吁保护中华民族的传统文化遗产，传承中华民族的传统文化。这种文化焦虑中有深沉的反思和忧患意识。
当下，“文化焦虑”和“文化忧患”促使一批专家学者致力于传统文化的复兴和教育，但他们过分片面地把中华民族文化等同于汉文化甚至一些儒家古典文化，特别是片面地把所谓的“国学”指称为中华民族传统文化的全部。一说到中国文化，言必称“国学”，视野局限在孔孟儒家之学和“四书五经"等汉文典籍上，把中华民族传统文化教育等同于进行一些儒家古代典籍的教育，主张不遗余力地在大中小学里进行所诮的“国学教育”。他们把中国传统文化的复兴和教育，简单地等同于重新把“四书五经”搬到课堂和对“国学”的弘扬。
鲁迅、胡适等一批中国新文化运动的先驱，早已看到了以“四书五经”等为载体的中国汉学典藉中的大量糟粕，所以才振臂呼唤引进“德先生”（民主）和“赛先生”（科学）。新文化运动使中国博采众长，吸收了西方的科学和民主精神，才创新而形成了绵延至今的中国新文化。如果依旧拘泥于儒家典籍的故纸堆中，不知今天的中国文化会是一个什么格局。享受着新文化运动丰硕果实的我们，不应忘记鲁迅等一代哲人那些深沉理性的警示和呼喊。当今的中华民族文化，应该是整合了 56个民族优秀的传统文化的一个整体，当代中华文化应该有一个广采博纳的大气魄，我国各民族应该相互借鉴，互补共生，取长补短。这样，就能在各民族优秀传统文化的基础上，重新建构起气势恢宏、活水长流、有旺盛的生机与活力的当代中华民族文化。而如果仅仅聚焦在一些汉学典籍和孔孟之学上，将它视为中华文化的全部，漠视其他民族的文化和汉族民间文化，那只会陷于抱残守缺的民粹主义和狭隘的文化保守主义的误区，不可能建构起中国56个民族都认同的文化意识和中华民族的文化凝聚力，不可能形成“各美其美，美美与共”的文化格局和气度。
任何一个民族和国家，应该有一种宽广的视野和博大的胸怀，应该有全球眼光，谦虚好学。我们要有理性的“文化自觉”，既看到中国传统文化的优秀部分，有民族的自信和自豪，也应冷静地看到，中国专制封建社会中沿袭下来的传统文化有不少糟粕，要勇于摒弃它们，并勇于学习其他民族和国家的文化精粹。我们在为国忧心、为族忧患的“文化焦虑”中，不能把眼光仅仅盯在自己的文化传统上，老想着要全盘继承文化传统。我们今天应该“胸怀中国，放眼世界”，不要只顾爱不释手地捧着“国学”的一些典籍沾沾自喜，而忽略了与时俱进地学习、汲取和创新，忽略了向世界学习，取他山之石，为我所用。
“流水不腐，户枢不蠹。”我们对自己的文化既要自重又要有自觉意识。任何一种文化，只有如活水长流，才会有生命力，如果只是自闭自恋，不思学习和创新，那就会成为一潭死水。“文化焦虑”促使我们忧患和反思，但我们的这种焦虑，应促使我们有准确理性的“文化自觉”，催生不失4艮本又汇聚百川、广采博纳的当代中华民族文化。
12.关于“文化焦虑”，下列理解不正确的一项是
A. 圣诞节等各种洋节在我国日益热闹，而国内的很多传统节日则被冷落，我国的物质和非物质传统文化遗产正在以惊人的速度衰落甚至消失这是出现“文化焦虑”的一个现实原因。
B. 文化焦虑跟现代化进程中的文化传播有关系：西方文化随着西方科技强势进入中国，和中国传统文化相接触、磨擦乃至冲突，暂处弱势的民族就产生了焦虑的文化心理。
C. 焦虑之后出现的危机感、紧迫感是积极的反应；焦虑以后也会产生急躁心态，甚至还会产生一些极端主义的反应，如夸大“国学”尤其是孔孟之道和四书五经的重要性。
D. 文化焦虑中有深沉的反思和忧患意识，它提醒人们必须重视对本国本民族文化传统的传承，促使一批专家学者致力于传统文化的复兴和教育，为喧嚣浮躁的人们找到了精神的家园。
13. 根据原文内容，下列有关表述不正确的一项是
A. 中国专制封建社会中沿袭下来的传统文化有大量糟粕，我们应向鲁迅等新文化运动先驱学习，大胆实行“拿来主义”，博采众长，切不可陷于传统典籍的沼泽之中不能自拔。
B. 将“国学”等同于中华文化，实则漠视其他民族的文化和汉族民间文化，只不过是抱残守缺的民粹主义和狭隘的文化保守主义，殊无益处。
C. “胸怀中国，放眼世界”，是指我们既要全盘继承本民族的传统文化，又要关注人类文明的进步和其它国家的文化发展；既要推进本民族的文化建设，又要积极走出国门与外族文明交流。
D. 对待中华民族的传统文化，我们要取其精华去其糟粕；对待外来文化，我们要学习、汲取和创新，这样才能使中华民族文化永葆生机与活力。
14. 怎样做才算是“有准确理性的‘文化自觉’”？请根据文本的相关信息，分条概述。
五、文学作品阅读（20分）
永远的母亲
北方的季节，说变就变。好像时令就是命令。万物都违抗不得。春天到了，再坚硬的土地也得按时返青；秋天走了，再蓬勃的树叶也得屈尊枯萎。这是老天定下的时刻表，即使在这个弹丸小镇上。它仍然被一丝不苟地执行着。
振青嫂紧了紧身上的旧毛衣，使劲搓搓手，重新操起扫帚，一下下地扫过去。冬天越近，土地就越显得干硬，扫帚划过，响起刺耳的“咝啦”声，振青嫂的手也一阵阵干冷地疼痛。她只能把扫帚握得更紧，仿佛那是她的命一般。
其实，这把扫帚也的确是她的命，就像身上这件脱了线退了颜色的旧毛衣是她唯一的外套一样。这样的生活已经持续了七年。而七年前，她还是一个面庞红润的少妇，一个温婉朴实的母亲。只是后来，与她同来城里打工的丈夫弄丢了孩子，于是她失去了自己唯一尊贵的身份——母亲。她的亲亲的儿子豆豆，那时才只有五岁呢。
“找不到孩子，我就死在这儿！”每次回想这句话，振青嫂都觉得自己是一个无比坚强的女人，就像扫帚下枯黄的叶片，干瘪苦涩但筋骨嶙峋。
现在，一个胖嘟嘟的小男孩跑到她面前，打扰了她的回忆。小男孩有五岁左右，这让振青嫂想起了自己的心头肉，她忍不住暗地里比较：脸盘有点像，都是圆圆的，个头、胖瘦也差不多。不过，豆豆是双眼皮，比眼前这一个要漂亮些，而且，豆豆一边一个小虎牙，没有比他更惹人疼的孩子了。这样想过之后，振青嫂心中竟然略觉安慰。但是，既而她就想起：豆豆离开她已经七年多了。她不禁又将目光投向那个小男孩，这一次，他越看越像小豆豆了。
“豆豆——”振青嫂伸出手去。其实，几年来，她已经习惯于管所有的小孩子叫豆豆。可眼前的孩子显然被这个陌生人吓着了，小嘴一撇，就跑开了。振青嫂叹口气，这种情景她也早就习惯了，岂止孩子如此，这里的大人，哪一个不是经常对她指指点点，有时还甩下一句“神经有问题”，好像丢了孩子并非她的不幸，而是她的罪孽。当然，如果振青嫂有文化，如果她也读过鲁迅的话，她也许会知道，我们中国人是善于淡化悲剧的，尤其是淡化别人的悲剧。
小男孩穿着鲜红的羽绒服，像一团小火球在马路牙子附近滚来滚去。振青嫂很想掉过头专心扫地，可那个可爱的身影像钉在了脑子里，一再吸引她的目光。于是，振青嫂又紧了紧毛衣，想到自己初为人母时的兴奋和紧张，焦虑和不安，这让她心里有些酸涩。仅仅是酸涩而已，也许她已在痛苦中浸泡太久，只能体会出除痛苦以外的感觉了。
也许这个平凡的下午注定要爆发一场灾难，当一辆重型卡车向小男孩驶去时，振青嫂头发倏地竖了起来，浑身酸麻，像要散架一样。而这个胖宝宝显然还不知道发生了什么事，直到他被一记扫帚扫到三米开外，直到那个让他害怕的女人倒在车轮下。他才看着地上那一摊暗红的血，“哇”地哭了出来，而他哭的原因，可能是刚才摔倒时伤了自己的膝盖。
振青嫂仰面朝天地躺着，突然发现小镇的天空其实很蓝很蓝，而且并不像她想象中的那么瘦狭，也许她平时只顾低头看地，却忽略了原来世界上最广阔的是天空。现在，躺在地上，她在剧烈的疼痛中感到久违的舒适。围在她身边的，是一张张陌生的逐渐扩大的脸……
“没想到这个女人还挺勇敢！”
“哪儿啊，她肯定把孩子看成自己丢的那个了。”
“可她的孩子，少说也有十二岁了呀。”
“要不怎么说，她脑筋还是不清楚……”
“唉，啥人啥命，这样去了，也算她的造化。”
振青嫂突然觉出自己的伟大了，这些所谓的城里人，哪里懂得她的心思，他们只知道毛衣旧了要买新的，却不知道良心旧了就永远难以洗净。
而她，现在终于躺倒在自己扫了七年的干干净净的大街上了，在蓝天白云下尽情地想念她的豆豆。也许孩子在另一个世界等她，在那个世界里，她有一所房子，她可以在厨房里煮汤、煎鸡蛋，在客厅里看电视、织毛衣，一定要织两件，一件给自己，一件给她的豆豆……
15、分析文章前两段中隐含的自然环境描写的特点及作用。(5分)
16、联系全文谈谈你对下面这两句话的理解。(6分，每小题3分)
(1)也许她平时只顾低头看地，却忽略了原来世界上最广阔的是天空。
(2)他们只知道毛衣旧了要买新的，却不知道良心旧了就永远难以洗净。
17、试分析文章第四段在结构和内容上的作用。(5分)
18、谈谈你对小说最后一段内容的理解。(4分)
六、个性拓展，在下面两题中任选一题作答(12分)
19、阅读下面的文字，写一段不少于150字的评论。（12分）
现在，全中国有超过三万万人啃英语，未来讲英语的中国人超过英语母语者的数目已经赫然在望。
本来是外语的英语，在现代工业的中国，许多人却把它当成了母语来学，而真正的母语反倒放在一边了。出现了说英语时是侃侃而谈，流利非常，说汉语时是结结巴巴、词不达意；写英语时是龙飞凤舞、一气呵成，写汉语时是提笔忘字，颠三倒四。不说那些开放程度高，经济发展好，对外交流多的大都市里，这样会外语、不会母语，讲英文、不讲中文的时髦者较普遍。
近些年政府的一些职能部门，不问客观情况，不管实际需要，无论是考学，还是考职称；也无论是学中文，也还是学历史，都要把外语当作必考科目。不管你有没有用，也不管你专业水平如何，只要外语没有达到一定的等级，你就休想过关。即使是一些从来也不需要使用外语的行业，在考职称时，外语也成了硬指标。
20．阅读下面的文字，完成（1）、（2）题。（12分）
在中国文化发展史上，理欲之辨曾吸引了众多思想家的关注。到了宋代，理学思潮形成，并占据了主导地位。朱熹是理学集大成者，他大声疾呼“革尽人欲，复尽天理”（《朱子语类》卷十三），认为“饮食，天理也；山珍海味，人欲也。夫妻，天理也；三妻四妾，人欲也”。（《朱子语类》卷十三）
自朱熹之后，理学家进一步夸大了“人欲”的危险与罪恶表现出禁欲主义的倾向。“存天理，灭人欲”的主张虽然有一定的积极影响，但对个人和社会发展的不良影响也是明显的。很多思想家对这一主张进行了尖锐的批评。清人戴震就曾指出“舍人欲无天理”、“理者存乎欲者也”（《孟子字义疏证》卷上），认为理学家的主张会导致“丧尽天良”（同上）的后果。
在现代社会，同样存在理与欲之间的矛盾。当今学者更愿意客观辩证地来看待这个问题。无论对个人，还是对社会来说，都应当正确处理欲望与规范的关系。只有这样，人的正常需求才能最终得到合理的满足。
（1）结合文段，请用自己的话概括朱熹在理欲之辨上的观点。（5分）
（2）请试举一例探究在现代社会中人应该如何客观辩证地看待理与欲之间的关系。（7分）
七、写作（60分）
人们常说：“心有多大，舞台就有多大。”对这句话，你有什么感悟？你从中受到哪些启发？请写作一篇800字左右的记叙文或议论文，自拟标题，自主立意，不要套作，不得抄袭。
参考答案及评分标准
第Ⅱ卷(选择题6分，非选择题120分，共126分)
四、(22分)
9. (1)楚边亭的守卫怨恨梁边亭的瓜比自己边好，于是夜间到梁边亭的瓜田去，偷偷用手抓扰梁边亭的瓜。
(2)就用很丰厚的礼品表示道歉，并且请求和梁王交往。
(3)翟王尚且还认为盖房者太劳苦，居住者太安乐。
【参考译文】
梁国的大夫宋就，是地处边境的县的县令，和楚国搭界。梁国边亭的守卫和楚国边亭的守卫都种瓜，各有一定数量。梁国边亭的守卫很勤劳，经常浇灌，他们的瓜长得肥美；楚国边亭的守卫懒惰，浇灌次数少，他们的瓜长得很不好。楚国县令常因为梁边亭的瓜长得肥美，对自己边亭的瓜长得不好而不满。楚边亭的守卫怨恨梁边亭的瓜比自己好，于是夜间到梁边亭瓜田去，偷偷用手抓扰梁边亭的瓜，弄得瓜都有干枯死掉的。梁边亭发觉了这件事，于是向尉请示，也打算偷偷到楚边亭瓜田去，扒坏楚边亭的瓜作为报复。尉向宋就请示这件事，宋就说：“嗨！这说的是什么话！这是结怨招祸的主意。嗨！怎么说得这样过分！假如我教你们，一定每天夜晚派人到楚边亭瓜田去，偷偷在夜间为他们好好地浇灌瓜，不要让他们知道。”于是，梁边亭守卫就每天晚上到楚边亭瓜田去偷偷地浇灌瓜。楚边亭守卫早晨巡视瓜田，原来都已经浇灌过了。瓜一天比一天长得好。楚边亭守卫感到奇怪就查访这件事，竟然是梁边亭守卫干的。楚国的县令听到此事后非常高兴，把梁边亭守卫夜间浇灌瓜的事原原本本地告诉了楚王。楚王听说后，后悔惭愧不已，知道自己糊涂了。告诉官吏说：“除了瓜，没有其他罪过吧？”对梁国能暗中忍让十分高兴，就用很丰厚的礼品表示道歉，并且请求和梁王交往。楚王常常夸奖梁王，认为梁王忠诚可信，所以，楚国和梁国关系融洽，是因为宋就的行为才有的。俗话说：“转败而为功，因祸而得福。”老子说：“报怨以德。”说的就是这件事情吧！为人不忠厚老实，怎么值得去效仿呢？
翟王派遣使臣到楚国，楚王打算向使者夸耀楚国的豪富，所以在章华台上宴请宾客。登台的人一路休息多次，才到了顶上。楚王说：“翟国也有这样的高台吗？”使者说：“没有。翟是个贫穷的国家，怎么能看到这样的高台呢？翟王自己盖的宫室，堂高三尺，土台阶三层，茅草屋顶不剪齐，柞木椽子不削皮。翟王尚且还认为盖房者太劳苦，居住者太安乐。翟国怎么能看到这样的高台呢？”楚王感到惭愧。
10．⑴芙蓉落尽天涵水/朋友离别。（2分）⑵要点：上阕实写日暮独倚楼头所见苍凉的秋景；（2分）下阕虚拟岁暮朋友登楼远眺，遥赠我江南春梅的情景。（或，下阕从对方着笔，想象朋友登高望远，赠我江南春梅的情景）（2分）虚实结合的描写中，见秋水冬雪、花落燕飞，更见迟暮怀人的深深情意、殷殷希冀。（1分）
解析：本题应从重要词句入手进行体会，由具体画面总结出抽象的感觉。文章前两段没有通过捕捉意象、白描刻画等手法进行直接的自然环境描写，但由“冬天越近”可以想象初冬之景，主人公一个人在扫街，土地干硬，声音刺耳，可见其冷清萧索。而由“命令”“违抗”“按时”“屈尊”“一丝不苟”等词语可体会出。这个冬天的到来让人无可奈何，让人有一种低沉、压抑之感。在这样的环境中，主人公出场，再联系下文，这样的枯寂萧索的环境正好衬托了她丢失孩子的不幸遭遇，以及艰苦环境中愈发坚强的性格特点。这样的遭遇和性格正是下文她英勇救人的伏笔。
16、参考答案：(1)说明她局限于自己的苦难中已经很久，一直未能主动地于痛苦中解脱，这种痛苦使她越来越封闭，以至于忽略了外界的一切，尤其是能让自己感到舒畅的事物。(2)物质上暂时贫穷并不可怕，这还有机会得到改善。但精神生活的贫乏，尤其是道德缺失，缺少同情心却是难以救治的大问题。
解析：(1)解答这类题目应先突破重点句，然后联系上下文，搜索有用信息，进行整合。小说开头，振青嫂就以清洁工的形象出现，扫帚“仿佛那是她的命一般”，对孩子的思念和寻找成为她生活的主要内容和唯一目的，而周围人的不理解也只能使她更加孤独、封闭。所以，看到很久没有认真看过的蓝天时，她感到异常舒畅，心胸仿佛也开阔起来。(2)联系上文。这件旧毛衣是振青嫂唯一的外套，可见她生活贫困。而文中的“城里人”一直对她施以冷眼。即使在她为救人而受伤之后，仍然以一己之心揣度其意，可见他们的精神世界中同情心的严重缺失。解答本题一定要注意将两个方面考虑周全，并注意其对比关系。
17、参考答案：结构上：承上启下。（1分）总结上文所写她的不幸遭遇及她面对不幸的反应，进而为下文悲剧的发生埋下伏笔。（2分）内容上：点明振青嫂作为母亲的责任感和坚强的性格特点，使她的形象鲜明、生动、饱满。（2分）
解析：本题为开放探究性试题。只要言之成理即可，最好能体现一种社会意识、责任意识，如“对弱势群体的关注”。“结构”在此指段落之间的关系，尤其是本段与其他段落的关系，如过渡、铺垫、总起、总结等。第四段开头振青嫂的话紧承上文孩子走失一事，点明她对此事的态度，是一个小结。此处写回忆，继而让孩子打断回忆，起到了引入下文的作用。在内容方面，对人物性格描写极为细致，“干瘪苦涩”既可以指外形的憔悴枯槁，也可指内心的孤寂凄苦，“筋骨嶙峋”却体现了一种内在的坚韧。二者合一，再联系前文她寻找孩子的决心，人物形象塑造得非常清晰，为下文情节的继续发展奠定了基础。
18、参考答案：最后一段是作者美好的想象，它借助振青嫂的心理活动传达一种希望，用具体的细节描写表达了对弱势群体的关注。同时，让想象与现实形成对比，反衬以振青嫂为代表的不幸者恶劣的生存境遇。
解析：本题为开放探究性试题。只要言之成理即可，最好能体现一种社会意识、责任意识，如“对弱势群体的关注”。
六、任选一题，两题都做都按考生所做第一题评分。
19、示例：轻汉重英大有愈演愈烈之势，这应该引起国人的警觉。语言是一种学习的工具，是一种交流的载体，能够多掌握一门语言，对工作、对生活、对求职、对交流固然大有好处。但是，从无论是从客观事理、还是从实际需要上来说，学习语言，首先应该是学习好自己民族的母语。因为一个国家的大部分公民终其一生，都是在自己的国土上工作和生活，与之交流和交往的绝大多数人都是和其操的相同语言，大部分人工作也很少能够使用得上外语。
从正面肯定英语学习热，只要言之成理即可。湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下学期期中考试历史试题
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项是正确的。每题2分，共60分)
1．在我国土地所有制从国有到私有的转变中起决定性的因素是：
A．商鞅变法 B．公田的大量抛荒
C．各诸侯国的税制 D．铁器农具的出现
2．祈盼“五谷丰登”“六畜兴旺”是我国古代劳动人民的一个美好愿望，这反映了中国古代农业经济的一个特点是
A．我国古代劳动人民有家畜养殖的传统
B．以种植业为主，家畜饲养业为辅
C．用牛力耕田使精耕细作的农业生产模式日益完善
D．采用“男耕女织”式的经营方式
3．中国最精美的手工业产品大多来自
A．家庭手工 B．官营手工业
C．私营手工 D．民营手工业
4．黄梅戏《天仙配》中有这样的一段唱词：“……你耕田来我织布，我挑水来你浇圆。寒窑虽破能避风雨，夫妻恩爱苦也甜……”这段词反映了我国古代: ①自耕农富裕祥和的生活境况 ②自耕农为生产生活的基本单位 ③农业与家庭手工业相结合是自耕农的主要经营方式 ④男耕女织的经营方式是我国古代农业经济的特点之一。
A．②③④ B．①③④ C．①②③ D．①②④
5．宋代的“市”，突破了以前的限制，表现在: ①封闭在政府规定的范围内 ②分散于宅屋之间 ③不允许设“市”的城郊和乡村出现了“市” ④商业活动不再受官吏的直接监管
A．①②③④ B．①②③ C．②③④ D．①③④
6．下列不属于宋代纺织业发展表现的是
A．棉花种植推广到闽粤地区 B．棉纺织技术推广到闽粤地区
C．丝织工艺水平有新的提高 D．纺织业中出现自由劳动力市场
7．古代中国历代封建王朝所实行的最基本的经济政策是
A．严密控制经济 B．区域经济管理
C．重农抑商 D．禁奢侈
8．清朝前期阻碍资本主义萌芽发展的根本因素是
A．统治者实行重农抑商政策 B．封建专制制度的阻碍
C．清政府实行闭关政策 D．地主阶级对农民的残酷剥削
9．鸦片战争前夕，清政府实行的闭关锁国政策的含义是K^S*5U.C#O%M
A．禁绝中国对外贸易 B．封闭边界、固守疆域
C．一概排斥西方事物 D．严格限制对外交往
10．①荣宗敬②荣德生是按照一定的标准归类的，依此从下列人物中再选一个
A．曾国藩 B．张謇 C．李鸿章 D．宋子文
11．法币100元在1937年可以买两头黄牛，到1947年却只能买到一个煤球，导致这种现象出现的主要原因是
A．美国商品的涌人 B．国民政府的恶性通货膨胀政策
C．繁重的捐税负担 D．《中美友好通商航海条约》签订
12．民国初期的一则报纸广告中有“敬告全国同胞乐用人人必需之国货”等字样，作为直接证据，它可以用于研究
A．外资企业的出现 B．洋务运动的兴起
C．工人运动的高涨 D．“实业救国”的热潮
13．费正清教授曾把第一次世界大战期间中国民族工业的发展称为“没有前途的经济奇迹”。主要是因为
A．工业结构不合理 B．地区分布不平衡
C．社会环境未根本改变 D．军阀割据混战
14．鸦片战争后，中国自然经济逐步解体，这种解体主要指
A．中国逐步沦为外国的原料产地和商品市场
B．家庭手工业与个体农业分离并日益商品化
C．民族资本主义经济取代自然经济
D．中国手工棉纺织业的衰败
15．外国资本主义的入侵破坏了中国自然经济，为中国资本主义的发展提供了：
①劳动力市场 ②商品市场 ③资本原始积累
A．①②③ B．①② C．①③ D．②③
16．1894—1913年，中国民族工业的发展出现了第一个高潮，这一时期创办的著名的民族企业有：①张謇在江苏南通创办的大生纱厂 ②荣宗敬、荣德生在江苏无锡创办的保兴面粉厂 ③陈启源在广东南海创办的继昌隆缫丝厂
A．①②③ B．②③ C．①② D．①③
17．民族工业“短暂春天”出现于：
A．甲午战后 B．一战期间 C．抗战期间 D．国统前期
18．一战期间，中国民族资本主义发展的最主要原因是
A．辛亥革命的推动 B．南京政府的支持
C．北洋军阀政府的扶植 D．列强暂时放松了对中国的经济侵略
19．19世纪70年代宁波买办严信原创办轧花厂，因惧怕官吏们反对，所以表面上依附于日本人的保护之下；上海均昌机器厂造成一艘小汽船，船头悬挂英国旗，船尾悬挂中国龙旗。造成以上现象的根源是
A．中外合资生产开始形成 B．民族资产阶级得到了外国的大力支持
C．民族资本主义先天不足 D．民族资本主义生存于半殖民地半封建社会
20．社会主义制度在我国基本确立的标志是
A．中华人民共和国的成立 B．“三大改造”的基本完成
C．《中华人民共和国宪法》的颁布 D．土地改革运动的基本结束
21．标志着国家工业化建设开始的是
A．土地改革 B．第一个五年计划的执行
C．三大改造 D．过渡时期总路线的提出
22．观察右图，指出它所反映的历史事件是
A．“文革”
B．大跃进 B．“大跃进”
C．对农业社会主义改造
D．人民公社化运动
23．我国进入社会主义现代化建设新时期的标志是
A．1956年社会主义三大改造完成后 B．文化大革命结束以后
C．中国共产党第八次全国代表大会 D．党的十一届三中全会
24．十一届三中全会的内容不包括：
A．重新确立解放思想、实事求是的指导方针
B．规定农村实行家庭联产承包责任制
C．做出实行改革开放的伟大决策
D．停止使用“以阶级斗争为纲”的口号
25．1980年设置的四个经济特区，哪个是1842年《南京条约》中被迫开放的通商口岸
A．珠海 B．深圳 C．汕头 D．厦门
26．我国全方位对外开放格局的顺序是
A．沿海开放城市一沿海经济开放区一经济特区一内地
B．经济特区一沿海开放城市一沿海经济开放区一内地
C．沿海开放城市一经济特区一沿海经济开放区一内地
D．经济特区一沿海经济开放区—沿海开放城市一内地
27．家庭联产承包责任制实行后，安徽凤阳的粮食产量三年跨了三大步，这从根本上表明：
A．这种责任制是中国农业现代化的惟一途径
B．这种责任制符合现代化农业的要求
C．这种责任制与当时生产力发展的状况相适应
D．调动农民积极性就没有实现不了的计划和设想
28．上海某企业因为天气很热，为了不影响生产决定购买风扇、鼓风机降温。但需要经过十一个部门审批，盖11个章，等最后的章盖完了，夏天已经过去了。该例子反映了什么问题？
A．分配中平均主义严重
B．忽视商品生产、价值规律和市场的作用
C．官僚作风严重，办事效率低
D．政企职责不分，国家对企业统得过死
29．提出经济体制改革的目标是建立社会主义市场经济体制的会议是
A．中共八大 B．中共十一届三中全会
C．中共十四大 D．中共十四届三中全会
30．20世纪50年代报刊上的流行语有 ①“大跃进” ②合作社 ③中外合资 ④“无产阶级文化大革命”
A．①④ B．②③ C．①② D．②④
湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下期中考试题高一历史 答题卡
选择题（共30小题，每小题2分，共60分）
题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
答案
题号 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
答案
二、主观题（共2小题，40分）
31．（20分）下图生动地展现了中国民族资本主义曲折发展的历程。
观察上图画面回答以下问题：
（1）画面②“阳光灿烂”应出现于什么时期？说说出现这一景象的主要原因。（10分）
（2）画面③“蛀虫”代表哪些势力？（2分）
（3）画面④“冰雹无情”反映了当时民族工业怎样的发展状况？（2分）
（4）结合所学知识概述中国民族资本主义的历史命运，并指出其根源（6分）
32．（20分） 阅读下列材料：
材料一：中华人民共和国初期农业生产统计表
时间 1952年 1956年 1957年
农业总产值（亿元） 483 582 604
材料二：1959—65年全国粮产（万吨）K^S*5U.C#O%M
请回答：（1）据材料一，1953—1956年新中国农业发展的状况如何？导致这种状况的原因是什么？（6分）
（2）据材料二，1959—1960年我国粮食产量发生了什么变化？1961—1965年我国粮食产量又发生了什么变化？分析造成这些变化的原因？（8分）
（3）材料三历史现象出现的原因是什么？（2分） K^S*5U.C#O%
（4）从上述材料及所反映的问题，你得到哪些启示？（至少回答两点）（4分）
湖南省凤凰县华鑫中学2011-2012学年高一下期中考试题高一历史 参考答案
一选择题（每题2分，共60分）
二、主观题（共2小题，40分）
学校 班级 姓名 考号
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材料三：凤阳县粮食产量三年三大步
年代 产量（亿公斤）
1980 5．02
1981 6．70
1982 7．15

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