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江西省鹰潭市2021届高三英语一模试卷
一、阅读选择
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读理解
Adult Education Courses
Computer Studies Technology is advancing at
a rapid pace, and we rely more and more on computers for everything from
cooking to organising our taxes. This six-week course will give you an
understanding of computer fundamentals, including the use of software
packages (Word, Excel and Powerpoint) and how to use the Internet. Start: May 2,2019 Time: Wed 7 pm-9pm Cost:$300 Length:6 weeks Place: Sydney College Woodwork Learn the basics of
woodworking with simple hands-on projects to build your confidence and
skills. Each lesson explores a different area of woodworking that will
provide you with the skills needed for any woodworking project. Flexible
learning allows you to choose only the lessons that interest you. Start: April 15,2019 Time: Mon 5 pm-7pm Cost:$30 per lesson Length:12 weeks Place: Adult Learning
Centre
Web Design Provides advanced training
in software, design, and coding for the weB. Students must have already
completed a recognised basic web design course or have at least 2 years'
relevant work experience. Students completing the course will receive the
Diploma in Advanced Web Design. Start: June 1,2019 Time: Weekdays 9 am-4pm Cost:$4,990 Length:40 weeks Place: University of
Technology Art This practical course is
intended to help established artists take their creativity further. From
sketching and colour, to composition, painting and experimenting with style,
you will study and explore an engaging variety of creative media and subject
matter. Start: April 21,2019 Time: Thur 3 pm-6pm Cost:$750 Length:15 weeks Place: City Art
1．Which courses are suitable for beginners
A．Web Design and Art. B．Computer Studies and Art.
C．Woodwork and Web Design. D．Computer Studies and Woodwork.
2．Which course awards students an official certificate
A．Art. B．Woodwork.
C．Web Design. D．Computer Studies.
3．How much will a student who attends only half of all the Woodwork lessons pay in total
A．$30. B．$180. C．$250. D．$360.
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读理解
Daphne
Soares, a biologist, makes an amazing discovery about alligators. The first
time she got really close to an alligator (短吻鳄)
was when she was helping to bold down an eight-foot American alligator. It was
then that she noticed is face was covered with little black spots. This led to
the discovery of the little black dots.
She
started her study of the black dots. When she read the books and scientific
journals, she learned that people had noticed the dots, but no one really knew
what the dots were for.
To
find out the secret she placed electrodes (电极)
on nerves coming from some of the dots. When the nerves fired, they sent a
message to the brain and created a tiny electric current. Just then she heard a
small sound over a loudspeaker. She tired to see if the dots acted like eyes
and temperature sensors, but nothing worked.
One
day she was careless with dropping a tool into an alligator's tank. When she
put her hand in the tank to get the tool out, she made small waves in the
water. When they reached the alligator's face, she heard a noise over the
speaker. She then realized that the dots must be sensitive to the changes in
pressure when hit by waves of water.
After
that, she is now studying blind cavefish. She is trying to learn whether they
are blind from birth or lose their sight as they grow up. She is also doing
more research on crocodilians (鳄目). She
wants to find out how the genes of alligators with pressure sensors only on
their faces differ from the genes of crocodilians that have pressure sensors
all over their body.
4．Why did Daphne Soares first get close to the alligator
A．To observe its black dots. B．To find the secret of its dots.
C．To help others to hold it up. D．To prevent it from moving.
5．What happened when Daphne Soares first put electrodes on the nerves of some black dots
A．A little noise was sent out.
B．An electric current created a message.
C．The nerves were on fire suddenly.
D．The nerves sensed temperature changes.
6．How did Daphne Soares first find the function of allogators' black dots
A．By experiment. B．By reference. C．By accident. D．By comparison.
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Cavefish lose sight as they grow up.
B．Daphne Soares devotes her energy to research work.
C．Alligator's genes are the same as crocodilian's.
D．Daphne Soares discovered a new species of alligator.
8．（2020高二下·桂林开学考）阅读理解
The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world. This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East, and allowed the exchange of goods, technology, and ideas between the two civilizations. Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.
The main Silk Road started in Chang'an (known today as Xi'an), the early Han capital. Travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China's northwestern provinces. After this, they would face the Gobi Desert, arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road.
The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert. Like other deserts, the Gobi Desert is dry and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.
So, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there. Usually, the rest stops were placed within a day's journey of each other. In this way, travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert, which would make them targets for robbers, another danger of the Silk Road.
Once through the Gobi Desert, travelers would continue their journey into Iran, Turkey, and finally Europe. Whilst this part of the journey may have been less dangerous, it is not entirely without its perils.
（1）The underlined word "it" in the first paragraph refers to _____.
A．making huge profits B．traveling the Silk Road
C．exchanging goods and ideas D．connecting different civilizations
（2）Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts
A．The desert's surface was easier to walk on.
B．Camels for transportation were easier to find.
C．It was smaller and could be crossed in less time.
D．There were more natural water sources available.
（3）What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert
A．Travelers were offered free accommodation.
B．They were located around the edges of the desert.
C．Travelers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D．They were shared by travelers from different countries.
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A．The origins of the Silk Road.
B．The benefits of the Silk Road.
C．The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.
D．The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers.
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读理解
Cattle
manure(粪肥) has become one of the
world's greatest environmental killers, but one Dutch artist is using chemistry
to turn it into something that is both eco-friendly and valuable.
In
recent years, scientists around the world have made great progress in their
attempts to recycle cattle manure, including turning it into natural
fertilizer, but Eindhoven designer Jalila Essaidi didn't think they were
efficient enough to solve the global manure problem. So she started on her very
own solution, one that approached animal waste as a valuable material that
could be processed into useful products.
She
started by separating the waste, with the dry manure used to get pure
cellulose(纤维素) from the grass that cows
eat. From the wet manure, she got acids used to create a natural liquid plastic
which was used to make fiber that are later turned into fabric(material used
for making clothes).
This
new material was named Mestic, from mest, the Dutch word for manure. Essaidi
claim that it has the same function as plastic from fossil fuels, but is
bio-degradable(可生物降解的). Better yet, the
degradability can be dealt with in the lab, making it possible to create
materials that last for different periods of time depending on their purpose. "This
is not the first time that scientists have been looking for ways to solve the
manure problem, but it is the first time that manure is being considered as a
valuable resource." the Dutch designer said.
Last
year, Jalila Essaldi partnered with the city of Eindhoven to produce a fashion
show using Mestic-based fabrics. Her Mestic collection was so impressive that
clothing giant H&M awarded her the Global Change Award and a $1million
prize. And cow manure is just the beginning of Jalila Essaldi's experiments
with animal waste. "After cows, we'll deal with pigs and other animals,"
she said.
9．Why has the author written the text
A．To suggest practical ways to deal with cattle manure.
B．To advertise for some clothes made by a Dutch company.
C．To introduce a designer who turns cow manure into clothing.
D．To persuade people to purchase products made from manure.
10．Which is the correct order of making Mestic-based clothing
A．acids →liquid plastic →manure →fabric →fibers →clothing
B．manure →acids →liquid plastic →fibers →fabric →clothing
C．liquid plastic →manure →fabric →fibers → acids →clothing
D．fibers →manure →acids →fabric →liquid plastic →clothing
11．What do we know about Mestic
A．Its smell is rather terrible. B．It is made from fossil fuels.
C．Its name has a Dutch origin. D．It can only be made in the lab.
12．What do Jalila Essaidi's words in the last paragraph mean
A．Something more needs to be done about cow manure.
B．She will switch to other animals waste in the future.
C．What experiments to do next really puzzles her.
D．The future of fashionable clothing is optimistic.
二、任务型阅读
（2021·鹰潭模拟）任务型阅读
Do we have a movement
signature
As
humans, we have several qualities that separate us from one another, such as
our fingerprints. 　13． 　
According
to a recent study, each person has a unique movement signature (鲜明特征). Depending on the person, these differences can be subtle or
pronounced.
　14． 　 For the study, scientists attached electrodes (电极) to muscles in the legs of volunteers. The volunteer were then
asked to perform activities such as walking on walking machines and riding stationary bikes (健身车), which were adjusted according to each person's physical
appearance in order to make sure everyone was judged using the same standards.
Scientists
fed the information to a computer along with the volunteer's name. 　15． 　Next, the computer was fed information
without the user's name and it could identity the person correctly 99% of the
time. The outcomes of the study showed that each of us does have something
unique about our general movements.
　16． 　 Since this is just a pilot study, scientists
will do more tests to see if the signature changes with age and weight changes.
But with a deeper understanding of the science of movement, doctors could
possibly develop more intricate
prosthetics (复杂精细的假肢). 　17． 　Whether that's cool or frightening
is up to you to decide.
A. How could this study be of
use to scientists
B. What do you think of the
findings of the study
C. Volunteers are expected to
write a report on the activities.
D. Is it possible that we
also have unique qualities in our movement.
E. Scientists could also
program robots to copy humans' movements more exactly.
F. In this way, the computer
could learn the unique movement quality of each person.
G. The study was conducted by
inviting people to take part in a couple of physical activities.
三、完形填空
（2021·鹰潭模拟）完形填空
I
want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But, let's face
it: it isn't always 18． .
The
moment one thinks about the seriousness of the 19． we face, it is difficult not to feel
profoundly hopeless. For example, in order to 20． this article, I visit The World Counts (www.), which offers
all the latest 21． statistics (统计数据),
and it was 22． to send me to bed for the day.
There's
one thing I find 23． about trying to be 24． .
It is choosing between all the countless 25． on offer. Are bamboo toothbrushes better than
electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes Should one
replace old but perfectly usable smart phones with 26． and high-tech versions There is so much 27． out there to analyse. When I find myself in
despair (绝望), I 28． an article by Loren Eiseley in which two men
are walking along a beach covered by thousands of 29． ,
dying starfish. One of the men 30． throwing individual starfish back into the
water. The other man 31． that as there are so many starfish in trouble,
his companion's actions will make no 32． .
But the first man 33． that it will make a difference to each
starfish he manages to 34． .
It
is an oft-repeated story, but that doesn't make it any less 35． .
Someone has put it in a nutshell when he said, "it is the greatest of all 36． to do nothing because you can only do a little
— do what you 37． ."
18．A．interesting B．easy C．useful D．valuable
19．A．stress B．problem C．illness D．change
20．A．research B．view C．understand D．print
21．A．international B．historical C．environment D．advanced
22．A．enough B．helpful C．possible D．necessary
23．A．strangest B．greatest C．funniest D．hardest
24．A．healthier B．greener C．cleverer D．stronger
25．A．suggestion B．protection C．choices D．chances
26．A．new B．popular C．free D．unique
27．A．instruction B．preparation C．explanation D．information
28．A．continue B．receive C．complete D．remember
29．A．colorful B．made-up C．washed-up D．common
30．A．starts B．avoids C．forgets D．minds
31．A．point out B．proves C．works out D．imagines
32．A．promise B．difference C．effort D．secret
33．A．learns B．realizes C．replies D．accepts
34．A．control B．catch C．find D．save
35．A．difficult B．true C．enjoyable D．painful
36．A．cause B．challenges C．mistakes D．opportunities
37．A．need B．expect C．want D．can
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
annual Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin's main tourist highlight. It
is the world's biggest winter festival. The 　38． 　 (bitter) cold winters are just right for this
festival.
　39． 　 sets the Harbin festival apart is the scale
and size of the sculptures and the 　40． 　(beauty) lighting. It is bigger than
　41． 　ones in Sapporo, Norway,
and Quebec.
At
first, mainly Chinese participated, but in the last decade, it 　42． 　(become) an international festival
and 　43． 　(compete). As the
festival grows in international participation, and as China's economy grows,
the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps 　44． 　(grow). The work going into making
those exhibits is astonishing, and their size and beauty is amazing.
The
lightning 　45． 　(effect) on the
huge ice sculptures in the Ice and Snow World are technologically complex.
Officially
the festival 　46． 　(hold) from
the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending
dates partly depends 　47． 　the
weather.
The
Sun Island Scenic Area will be opened from Dec. 21 to Feb. 28.
五、短文改错
48．（2021·鹰潭模拟）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today
was my father's birthday, so I decided to bake a cake for him. I didn't know
how make a cake. I couldn't tell my father because of I wanted to give him a
surprise. It was my firstly attempt, so I searched on the Internet and found
much videos there. I choose the best one. I saw the full videos and started
baking. First I collected all the things which might be needed to bake a cake.
And then, I followed the steps and finally my cake was ready. Last, I decorated
the cake by chocolates so that it looked more delicious. Then I gave the cake
to his father and he was really surprising.
六、提纲类作文
49．（2021·鹰潭模拟）假如你是李华，每周一你们班的英语课上课前都有一个三分钟的个人演讲活动，你打算在下周的英语课上讲《如何养成良好的生活习惯》。请你用英语准备一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1）简述习惯不好的现象；
2）如何养成良好的生活习惯；
3）表达感受或期望。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：生活习惯living habits
答案解析部分
【答案】1．D
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种成人教育课程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据Computer Studies部分中的“This six-week course will give you an understanding of computer fundamentals”可知，这门课程会使你了解计算机基础知识，与Woodwork部分中的“Learn the basics of woodworking with simple hands-on projects to build your confidence and skills.”可知，这门课程会学习基本的木工与简单的动手项目，可知，这两门课程都是适合新手的基础课程，故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Web Design部分中的“Students completing the course will receive the Diploma in Advanced Web Design.”可知，完成课程的学生将获得高级网页设计文凭。所以Web Design课程授予学生官方证书。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据Woodwork的收费要求Cost:$30 per lesson，Length:12 weeks可知，课程一共持续十二周，每节课30美元。故可知半学期，即六周的课程需要花费6*30=180美元。故选B。
【答案】4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Daphne Soares关于短吻鳄的一些研究发现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The first time she got really close to an alligator (短吻鳄) was when she was helping to bold down an eight-foot American alligator.”她第一次真正接近短吻鳄是在她帮助击落一只8英尺高的美洲短吻鳄时。可知，在帮助抓住短吻鳄时，她第一次真正接近短吻鳄，故选D。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“To find out the secret she placed electrodes (电极) on nerves coming from some of the dots. When the nerves fired, they sent a message to the brain and created a tiny electric current. Just then she heard a small sound over a loudspeaker.”为了发现其中的秘密，她将电极放置在来自这些点的神经上。当神经触发时，它们向大脑发送信息并产生微小的电流。就在这时，她听到扬声器里传来一个小小的声音。可知，当Daphne Soares第一次把电极放置在来自这些黑点的神经上，听到了一个小小的声音，故选A。
6．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“One day she was careless with dropping a tool into an alligator's tank. … She then realized that the dots must be sensitive to the changes in pressure when hit by waves of water.”有一天，她不小心把一个工具丢进了鳄鱼的水箱里。当她把手伸进水箱取出工具时，她在水里激起了小浪。当他们走到鳄鱼的脸上时，她听到扬声器里有声音。然后她意识到这些点一定对水波冲击时压力的变化很敏感。可知，Daphne Soare第一次发现鳄鱼的这些黑点的作用是她不小心把一个工具丢进了鳄鱼的水箱的这次，可推断是一次意外事件，故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“After that, she is now studying blind cavefish. …She wants to find out how the genes of alligators with pressure sensors only on their faces differ from the genes of crocodilians that have pressure sensors all over their body.”在那之后，她现在正在研究盲穴鱼。她试图了解他们是天生失明还是在成长过程中失明。她也在做更多关于鳄鱼的研究。她想找出只有面部有压力传感器的短吻鳄的基因与全身都有压力传感器的鳄鱼的基因有什么不同。可知，本段描述的都是关于Daphne Soares所做的研究，推断出Daphne Soares致力于研究工作。故选B。
8．【答案】A
（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会历史类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。作者介绍了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。
（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road”可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根据该句表达的含义可推断出it指“穿越丝绸之路”。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert.”戈壁沙漠是亚洲最大的沙漠，主要由坚硬的岩石构成。与邻近的塔克拉玛干沙漠等沙质沙漠相比，这一特点使商人更容易穿越。可知，戈壁沙漠之所以比其他沙漠容易穿越，是因为戈壁沙漠地表主要是坚硬的岩石，比较容易走。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“So, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there.”因此，沿途设立了休息站，让旅客休息、吃饭和喝水。这些地方也促进了停留在那里的旅客之间的货物甚至思想的交流。可推知，丝绸之路沿途驿站是世界各国旅行者共享的。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.”尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。结合文章主要说明了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇历史类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
【答案】9．C
10．B
11．C
12．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了荷兰一位设计师正在运用化学原理将牛粪转化成对环境无害的有用之物，例如服装面料。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“but one Dutch artist is using chemistry to turn it into something that is both eco-friendly and valuable”但是一位荷兰艺术家正在使用化学方法把它变成一种既环保又有价值的东西。可知，本文的主要目的是要介绍一位设计师用化学方法将牛粪变成有用之物—服装。故选C。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She started by separating the waste, with the dry manure used to get pure cellulose from the grass that cows eat. From the wet manure, she got acids used to create a natural liquid plastic which was used to make fiber that are later turned into fabric(material used for making clothes).” 她从分离粪便开始，将干粪中的纯纤维素提取出来，这些纤维素来自牛所吃的草。她还从新鲜的粪便中提取出用于制作醋酸纤维素这一天然液体塑料的酸类物质。醋酸纤维素可以用来制作纤维，纤维又是生成布料和生物塑料的原料。可知，制作流程应是manure(牛粪) →acids(酸) →liquid plastic(液体塑料) →fibers(醋酸纤维) →fabric(纤维) →clothing(布料)。故选B。
11．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“This new material was named Mestic, from mest, the Dutch word for manure.”这种新材料被命名为Mestic，来自荷兰语mest，意思是肥料。可知，这个名字起源于荷兰语。故选C。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“And cow manure is just the beginning of Jalila Essaldi's experiments with animal waste. ‘After cows, we'll deal with pigs and other animals,' she said.” 牛粪只是Jalila Essaldi动物粪便实验的开始。“除了牛，我们还将要处理猪和其他动物的粪便，”她说。可推知，她想要表达的是在成功将牛粪转变成衣服之后，他们还会继续研究如何将其他动物的粪便转化成为有价值的东西。故选B。
【答案】13．D；14．G；15．F；16．A；17．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于“是否每个人都有独特的运动特点”的研究，包括研究过程及意义。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
13．根据空前“As humans, we have several qualities that separate us from one another, such as our fingerprints.”作为人类，我们有一些特征将我们彼此分开，比如指纹；以及空后“According to a recent study, each person has a unique movement signature (鲜明特征).”根据最新研究，每个人都有独特的运动特点。可知，下文提到每个人都有鲜明的运动特征，故空处应是提到运动特征，D. Is it possible that we also have unique qualities in our movement.“有没有可能我们的运动也有独特的特征？”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
14．根据空后“For the study, scientists attached electrodes (电极) to muscles in the legs of volunteers. The volunteer were then asked to perform activities such as walking on walking machines and riding stationary bikes (健身车)”在这项研究中，科学家将电极附在志愿者腿部的肌肉。然后，志愿者被要求进行一些活动，比如在步行机器上行走和骑健身车。可知，本段是讲述研究过程，G. The study was conducted by inviting people to take part in a couple of physical activities.“这项研究是通过邀请人们参加一些体育活动来进行的”也是描述其过程，与下文衔接得当。故选G。
15．根据空前“Scientists fed the information to a computer along with the volunteer's name.”科学家将这些信息和志愿者的名字一起输入电脑，F. In this way, the computer could learn the unique movement quality of each person.“通过这种方式，电脑可以了解每个人独特的运动特征”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
16．根据空后“scientists will do more tests to see if the signature changes with age and weight changes. But with a deeper understanding of the science of movement, doctors could possibly develop more intricate prosthetics”科学家们将做更多的测试，看看这些特征是否会随着年龄和体重的变化而变化。但随着对运动科学的深入了解，医生可能会开发出更复杂精细的假肢。可知，本段是讲述这项研究的意义和用处，A. How could this study be of use to scientists “这项研究对科学家有什么用处呢？”引出下文，故选A。
17．根据空前“But with a deeper understanding of the science of movement, doctors could possibly develop more intricate prosthetics (复杂精细的假肢).”但随着对运动科学的深入了解，医生可能会开发出更复杂精细的假肢。是讲述这项研究的意义，E. Scientists could also program robots to copy humans' movements more exactly.“科学家还可以给机器人编程，让它们精确地模仿人类的动作”也是描述其意义，E项中的could also承接前一句中的could，故选E。
【答案】18．B；19．B；20．A；21．C；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．C；26．A；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．A；32．B；33．C；34．D；35．B；36．C；37．D
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者用一个男子拯救海星的故事告诉我们：保护环境虽然非常困难，但是做点力所能及的事就是有意义的。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
18．句意：但是，让我们面对现实：这并不总是容易的。A.interesting“有趣的”；B.easy“容易的”；C.useful“有用的”；D.valuable“有价值的”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But”我想为保护环境做些正确的事，你也一样。以及表示转折关系的But可知，想为保护环境做正确的事情并不总是容易的。故选B。
19．句意：一想到我们所面临问题的严重性，就很难不感到深深的绝望。A.stress“压力”；B.problem“问题”；C.illness“疾病”；D.change“变化”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment”我想为保护环境做些正确的事，可知，此处是指环境问题。故选B。
20．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.research“调查，研究”；B.view“观察”；C.understand“明白”；D.print打印。根据“I visit The World Counts (www.)”可知，在网站上搜索数据的目的是研究这篇文章。故选A。
21．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.international“国际的”；B.historical“历史的”；C.environment“环境”；D.advanced“先进的”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment”可知，这个网站是关于环境的。故选C。
22．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.enough“足够的”；B.helpful“有帮助的”；C.possible“可能的”；D.necessary“必要的”。根据“which offers all the latest environment statistics”可知，此处是指搜索这些数据足以让“我”休息一天，旨在突出数据之多，工作量之大。故选A。
23．句意：我发现要想变得更环保，有一件事是最难的。A.strangest“最奇怪的”；B.greatest“最伟大的”；C.funniest“最有趣的”；D.hardest“最难的”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，做出最环保的选择是最困难的事。故选D。
24．句意：我发现要想变得更环保，有一件事是最难的。A.healthier“更健康的”；B.greener“更环保的”；C.cleverer“更聪明的”；D.stronger“更强壮的”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，此处是指要想变得更环保，做出最环保的选择是最难的。故选B。
25．句意：它是在无数的选择中做出正确的选择。A.suggestion“建议”；B.protection“保护”；C.choices“选择”；D.chances“机会”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，此处是指在无数的选择中做出正确的选择。故选C。
26．句意：我们应该用新的高科技版本取代旧的但完全可用的智能手机吗？A.new“新的”；B.popular“流行的”；C.free“自由的”；D.unique“独特的”。根据“old but perfectly usable smart phones”可知，此处是指新的高科技版本。故选A。
27．句意：有太多的信息需要分析。A.instruction“指导”；B.preparation“准备”；C.explanation“解释”；D.information“信息”。根据“to analyse”可知，此处是指分析信息。故选D。
28．句意：当我发现自己陷入绝望时，我想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。在这篇文章中，两个人走在一个海滩上，海滩上满是被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。A.continue“继续”；B.receive“收到”；C.complete“完成”；D.remember“记得”。根据“When I find myself in despair”可知，此处是指“我”想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。故选D。
29．句意：当我发现自己陷入绝望时，我想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。在这篇文章中，两个人走在一个海滩上，海滩上满是被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。A.colorful“五彩缤纷的”；B.made-up“捏造的”；C.washed-up“冲洗的”；D.common“普遍的”。根据“dying starfish”可知，此处是指被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。故选C。
30．句意：其中一名男子开始把一只一只海星扔回水中。A.starts“开始”；B.avoids“避免”；C.forgets“忘记”；D.minds“介意”。根据下文，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响，可知，其中一名男子开始把一只一只海星扔回水中。故选A。
31．句意：另一个人指出，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。A.point out“指出”；B.proves“证明”；C.works out“锻炼”；D.imagines“想象”。根据“as there are so many starfish in trouble, his companion's actions will make no difference”可知，此处是指另一个人提出自己的观点，指出他的问题。故选A。
32．句意：另一个人指出，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。A.promise“承诺”；B.difference“不同，影响”；C.effort“努力”；D.secret“秘密”。根据“there are so many starfish in trouble”可知，此处是指他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。故选B。
33．句意：但是第一个人回答说，这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。A.learns“学习”；B.realizes“意识到”；C.replies“回复”；D.accepts“接受”。根据“it will make a difference to each starfish”可知，此处是指他对同伴的回复。故选C。
34．句意：但是第一个人回答说，这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。A.control“控制”；B.catch“赶上”；C.find“发现”；D.save“拯救”。根据“throwing individual starfish back into the water”可知，他在设法拯救海星，所以是指这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。故选D。
35．句意：这是一个经常被重复的故事，但这并不意味着它不真实。A.difficult“艰难的”；B.true“真实的”；C.enjoyable“快乐的”；D.painful“痛苦的”。根据转折词but可知，这个故事虽然老生常谈，但是不影响它的真实性。故选B。
36．句意：最大的错误是认为你不会产生多大的影响就什么都不做——做你能做的。A.cause“原因”；B.challenges“挑战”；C.mistakes“错误”；D.opportunities“机会”。根据“do nothing”可知，此处是指什么都不做是最大的错误。故选C。
37．句意：最大的错误是认为你不会产生多大的影响就什么都不做——做你能做的。A.need“需要”；B.expect“期待”；C.want“想要”；D.can“能够”。根据上文“it will make a difference to each starfish he manages to save”可知，此处是指做到你力所能及的。故选D。
【答案】38．bitterly；39．What；40．beautiful；41．the；42．has become；43．competition；44．growing；45．effects；46．is held；47．on
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对一年一度的哈尔滨冰雪节的介绍。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及副词，主语从句，形容词，冠词，时态，名词，非谓语动词，语态以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
38．句意：严寒的冬天正适合这个节日。空处需用副词修饰形容词cold，故填bitterly。
39．句意：让哈尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺主语，再结合句意需用连接代词what引导。故填What。
40．句意：让哈尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处修饰名词lighting，需用形容词形式，故填beautiful。
41．句意：哈尔滨节冰雪节比挪威札幌和魁北克的冰雪节大。根据句意此处填定冠词the表示特指，the ones特指挪威札幌和魁北克的冰雪节。故填the。
42．句意：起初，主要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，此处需作谓语动词；又因句中时间状语为in the last decade，需用现在完成时；主语为it，需用第三人称单数形式；再结合提示词become。故填has become。
43．句意：起初，主要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，空处需用单数名词与festival并列作宾语，故填competition。
44．句意：随着冰雪节在国际参与下成长，以及中国经济的发展，冰雕和冰雕展览的规模也在不断扩大。空处前面是谓语动词keep，所以空处应用动名词作其宾语，故填growing。
45．句意：在冰雪大世界里，巨型冰雕上的闪电效果在技术上是复杂的。空处需用名词作主语；根据系动词are可知，主语要用复数形式，故填effects。
46．句意：官方的节日从12月底到2月举行。根据上下文语境可知，此处需用一般现在时；主语festival与hold之间为动宾关系，此处需用被动语态；又因主语festival为单数形式，此处需用第三人称单数形式。故填is held。
47．句意：冰雪节开始日期一直在变，而结束日期在一定程度上取决于天气。depend on固定短语，“取决于，依赖”，故填on。
48．【答案】①在how后面加to ②将of去掉 ③firstly →first ④much →many ⑤choose →chose ⑥videos →video ⑦which →that ⑧by →with ⑨his →my ⑩surprising →surprised
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者制作蛋糕的过程并把蛋糕送给了父亲。
①句意：我不知道怎么做蛋糕。“疑问词+to do”为固定结构，这里时how to do。故在how后面加to。
②句意：我不能告诉我父亲，因为我想给他一个惊喜。because后面加完整的句子，because of后面加短语，名词，代词等，不可以加完整的句子。故将of去掉。
③句意：这是我第一次尝试，所以我在网上搜索了很多视频。修饰名词attempt，需用first作限定词。故firstly改为first。
④much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式，根据“videos”可知，此处需用many修饰。故much改为many。
⑤句意：我选了最好的一个。根据“searched”和“saw”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。
⑥句意：我看了完整的视频就开始烤了。根据“the best one”可知，此处指代最好的那个视频，使用名词单数形式。故videos改为video。
⑦句意：首先，我收集了烤蛋糕可能需要的所有东西。All修饰先行词the things，需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故which改为that。
⑧句意：最后，我用巧克力装饰蛋糕，让它看起来更美味。decorate sth. with固定短语，“用某物装饰”。故by改为with。
⑨句意：然后我把蛋糕给了我的父亲，他真的很惊讶。主语I对应的形容词性物主代词是my。故his改为my。
⑩此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词作表语。故surprising改为surprised。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及介词，数词，形容词，时态，名词，定语从句，介词，代词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
49．【答案】 Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinion on how to develop good living habits.
It is known to all that good living habits are important to our physical and mental health. However, many of us ignore its importance by eating junk food and staying up late. In order to develop good living habits, as far as I am concerned, having a good rest is the foundation. Therefore, we need to sleep and get up early and have a regular daily schedule. Besides, eating healthily also plays an important role. Foods low in fat, salt and sugar are of great benefit to our health, so stay away from junk food. Finally, doing exercise is essential. It brings us good health as well as relaxation and pleasure. Many stresses and negative emotions can be washed away by doing exercise.
Motivation is what gets you start. And the habit is what keeps you going. May you all have good living habits! Thank you for listening!
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份准备一篇演讲稿。写作背景：每周一你们班的英语课上课前都有一个三分钟的个人演讲活动，你打算在下周的英语课上讲《如何养成良好的生活习惯》。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）简述习惯不好的现象；2）如何养成良好的生活习惯；3）表达感受或期望。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinion on how to develop good living habits.运用了it作形式主语；
It is known to all that good living habits are important to our physical and mental health. 运用了主语从句；Finally, doing exercise is essential. 运用了动名词作主语； Many stresses and negative emotions can be washed away by doing exercise.运用了被动语态；Motivation is what gets you start. 运用了表语从句。
1 / 1江西省鹰潭市2021届高三英语一模试卷
一、阅读选择
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读理解
Adult Education Courses
Computer Studies Technology is advancing at
a rapid pace, and we rely more and more on computers for everything from
cooking to organising our taxes. This six-week course will give you an
understanding of computer fundamentals, including the use of software
packages (Word, Excel and Powerpoint) and how to use the Internet. Start: May 2,2019 Time: Wed 7 pm-9pm Cost:$300 Length:6 weeks Place: Sydney College Woodwork Learn the basics of
woodworking with simple hands-on projects to build your confidence and
skills. Each lesson explores a different area of woodworking that will
provide you with the skills needed for any woodworking project. Flexible
learning allows you to choose only the lessons that interest you. Start: April 15,2019 Time: Mon 5 pm-7pm Cost:$30 per lesson Length:12 weeks Place: Adult Learning
Centre
Web Design Provides advanced training
in software, design, and coding for the weB. Students must have already
completed a recognised basic web design course or have at least 2 years'
relevant work experience. Students completing the course will receive the
Diploma in Advanced Web Design. Start: June 1,2019 Time: Weekdays 9 am-4pm Cost:$4,990 Length:40 weeks Place: University of
Technology Art This practical course is
intended to help established artists take their creativity further. From
sketching and colour, to composition, painting and experimenting with style,
you will study and explore an engaging variety of creative media and subject
matter. Start: April 21,2019 Time: Thur 3 pm-6pm Cost:$750 Length:15 weeks Place: City Art
1．Which courses are suitable for beginners
A．Web Design and Art. B．Computer Studies and Art.
C．Woodwork and Web Design. D．Computer Studies and Woodwork.
2．Which course awards students an official certificate
A．Art. B．Woodwork.
C．Web Design. D．Computer Studies.
3．How much will a student who attends only half of all the Woodwork lessons pay in total
A．$30. B．$180. C．$250. D．$360.
【答案】1．D
2．C
3．B
【知识点】细节理解题；时文广告类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四种成人教育课程。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
1．考查细节理解。根据Computer Studies部分中的“This six-week course will give you an understanding of computer fundamentals”可知，这门课程会使你了解计算机基础知识，与Woodwork部分中的“Learn the basics of woodworking with simple hands-on projects to build your confidence and skills.”可知，这门课程会学习基本的木工与简单的动手项目，可知，这两门课程都是适合新手的基础课程，故选D。
2．考查细节理解。根据Web Design部分中的“Students completing the course will receive the Diploma in Advanced Web Design.”可知，完成课程的学生将获得高级网页设计文凭。所以Web Design课程授予学生官方证书。故选C。
3．考查细节理解。根据Woodwork的收费要求Cost:$30 per lesson，Length:12 weeks可知，课程一共持续十二周，每节课30美元。故可知半学期，即六周的课程需要花费6*30=180美元。故选B。
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读理解
Daphne
Soares, a biologist, makes an amazing discovery about alligators. The first
time she got really close to an alligator (短吻鳄)
was when she was helping to bold down an eight-foot American alligator. It was
then that she noticed is face was covered with little black spots. This led to
the discovery of the little black dots.
She
started her study of the black dots. When she read the books and scientific
journals, she learned that people had noticed the dots, but no one really knew
what the dots were for.
To
find out the secret she placed electrodes (电极)
on nerves coming from some of the dots. When the nerves fired, they sent a
message to the brain and created a tiny electric current. Just then she heard a
small sound over a loudspeaker. She tired to see if the dots acted like eyes
and temperature sensors, but nothing worked.
One
day she was careless with dropping a tool into an alligator's tank. When she
put her hand in the tank to get the tool out, she made small waves in the
water. When they reached the alligator's face, she heard a noise over the
speaker. She then realized that the dots must be sensitive to the changes in
pressure when hit by waves of water.
After
that, she is now studying blind cavefish. She is trying to learn whether they
are blind from birth or lose their sight as they grow up. She is also doing
more research on crocodilians (鳄目). She
wants to find out how the genes of alligators with pressure sensors only on
their faces differ from the genes of crocodilians that have pressure sensors
all over their body.
4．Why did Daphne Soares first get close to the alligator
A．To observe its black dots. B．To find the secret of its dots.
C．To help others to hold it up. D．To prevent it from moving.
5．What happened when Daphne Soares first put electrodes on the nerves of some black dots
A．A little noise was sent out.
B．An electric current created a message.
C．The nerves were on fire suddenly.
D．The nerves sensed temperature changes.
6．How did Daphne Soares first find the function of allogators' black dots
A．By experiment. B．By reference. C．By accident. D．By comparison.
7．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Cavefish lose sight as they grow up.
B．Daphne Soares devotes her energy to research work.
C．Alligator's genes are the same as crocodilian's.
D．Daphne Soares discovered a new species of alligator.
【答案】4．D
5．A
6．C
7．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Daphne Soares关于短吻鳄的一些研究发现。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
4．考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“The first time she got really close to an alligator (短吻鳄) was when she was helping to bold down an eight-foot American alligator.”她第一次真正接近短吻鳄是在她帮助击落一只8英尺高的美洲短吻鳄时。可知，在帮助抓住短吻鳄时，她第一次真正接近短吻鳄，故选D。
5．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“To find out the secret she placed electrodes (电极) on nerves coming from some of the dots. When the nerves fired, they sent a message to the brain and created a tiny electric current. Just then she heard a small sound over a loudspeaker.”为了发现其中的秘密，她将电极放置在来自这些点的神经上。当神经触发时，它们向大脑发送信息并产生微小的电流。就在这时，她听到扬声器里传来一个小小的声音。可知，当Daphne Soares第一次把电极放置在来自这些黑点的神经上，听到了一个小小的声音，故选A。
6．考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“One day she was careless with dropping a tool into an alligator's tank. … She then realized that the dots must be sensitive to the changes in pressure when hit by waves of water.”有一天，她不小心把一个工具丢进了鳄鱼的水箱里。当她把手伸进水箱取出工具时，她在水里激起了小浪。当他们走到鳄鱼的脸上时，她听到扬声器里有声音。然后她意识到这些点一定对水波冲击时压力的变化很敏感。可知，Daphne Soare第一次发现鳄鱼的这些黑点的作用是她不小心把一个工具丢进了鳄鱼的水箱的这次，可推断是一次意外事件，故选C。
7．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“After that, she is now studying blind cavefish. …She wants to find out how the genes of alligators with pressure sensors only on their faces differ from the genes of crocodilians that have pressure sensors all over their body.”在那之后，她现在正在研究盲穴鱼。她试图了解他们是天生失明还是在成长过程中失明。她也在做更多关于鳄鱼的研究。她想找出只有面部有压力传感器的短吻鳄的基因与全身都有压力传感器的鳄鱼的基因有什么不同。可知，本段描述的都是关于Daphne Soares所做的研究，推断出Daphne Soares致力于研究工作。故选B。
8．（2020高二下·桂林开学考）阅读理解
The Silk Road is arguably the most famous long-distance trade route of the ancient world. This passage connected Europe in the West with China in the East, and allowed the exchange of goods, technology, and ideas between the two civilizations. Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.
The main Silk Road started in Chang'an (known today as Xi'an), the early Han capital. Travelers commencing their journey from this city could take a northern route that would take them across China's northwestern provinces. After this, they would face the Gobi Desert, arguably the greatest danger of the Silk Road.
The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert. Like other deserts, the Gobi Desert is dry and hot, and therefore the biggest challenge travelers faced was obtaining enough water for themselves as well as for their camels.
So, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there. Usually, the rest stops were placed within a day's journey of each other. In this way, travelers could avoid spending too much time in the desert, which would make them targets for robbers, another danger of the Silk Road.
Once through the Gobi Desert, travelers would continue their journey into Iran, Turkey, and finally Europe. Whilst this part of the journey may have been less dangerous, it is not entirely without its perils.
（1）The underlined word "it" in the first paragraph refers to _____.
A．making huge profits B．traveling the Silk Road
C．exchanging goods and ideas D．connecting different civilizations
（2）Why was the Gobi Desert easier to cross than other deserts
A．The desert's surface was easier to walk on.
B．Camels for transportation were easier to find.
C．It was smaller and could be crossed in less time.
D．There were more natural water sources available.
（3）What can we guess about the rest stops in the Gobi Desert
A．Travelers were offered free accommodation.
B．They were located around the edges of the desert.
C．Travelers staying there were often attacked by criminals.
D．They were shared by travelers from different countries.
（4）What is the passage mainly about
A．The origins of the Silk Road.
B．The benefits of the Silk Road.
C．The difficulties faced by Silk Road travelers.
D．The cultural exchanges among Silk Road travelers.
【答案】A
（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；说明文；社会历史类；文章大意
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。作者介绍了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。
（1）考查代词指代。根据第一段中的“Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road”可知，尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。根据该句表达的含义可推断出it指“穿越丝绸之路”。故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“The Gobi Desert, the largest desert in Asia, consists mainly of rocky, hard earth. This feature made it easier for traders to travel across, compared to sandy deserts like the neighboring Taklamakan Desert.”戈壁沙漠是亚洲最大的沙漠，主要由坚硬的岩石构成。与邻近的塔克拉玛干沙漠等沙质沙漠相比，这一特点使商人更容易穿越。可知，戈壁沙漠之所以比其他沙漠容易穿越，是因为戈壁沙漠地表主要是坚硬的岩石，比较容易走。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“So, rest stops were created along the route, allowing travelers to rest, eat and drink. These places also promoted the exchange of goods, and even ideas, amongst the travelers who stopped there.”因此，沿途设立了休息站，让旅客休息、吃饭和喝水。这些地方也促进了停留在那里的旅客之间的货物甚至思想的交流。可推知，丝绸之路沿途驿站是世界各国旅行者共享的。故选D。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Although merchants could make huge profits travelling the road, it was not without risk.”尽管穿越丝绸之路的商人可以挣大钱，但穿越丝绸之路并非毫无风险。结合文章主要说明了丝绸之路危险重重，丝绸之路商人面临的两大挑战一是沿途地理环境恶劣，二是路途可能遭遇的歹徒抢劫。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，代词指代，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇历史类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读理解
Cattle
manure(粪肥) has become one of the
world's greatest environmental killers, but one Dutch artist is using chemistry
to turn it into something that is both eco-friendly and valuable.
In
recent years, scientists around the world have made great progress in their
attempts to recycle cattle manure, including turning it into natural
fertilizer, but Eindhoven designer Jalila Essaidi didn't think they were
efficient enough to solve the global manure problem. So she started on her very
own solution, one that approached animal waste as a valuable material that
could be processed into useful products.
She
started by separating the waste, with the dry manure used to get pure
cellulose(纤维素) from the grass that cows
eat. From the wet manure, she got acids used to create a natural liquid plastic
which was used to make fiber that are later turned into fabric(material used
for making clothes).
This
new material was named Mestic, from mest, the Dutch word for manure. Essaidi
claim that it has the same function as plastic from fossil fuels, but is
bio-degradable(可生物降解的). Better yet, the
degradability can be dealt with in the lab, making it possible to create
materials that last for different periods of time depending on their purpose. "This
is not the first time that scientists have been looking for ways to solve the
manure problem, but it is the first time that manure is being considered as a
valuable resource." the Dutch designer said.
Last
year, Jalila Essaldi partnered with the city of Eindhoven to produce a fashion
show using Mestic-based fabrics. Her Mestic collection was so impressive that
clothing giant H&M awarded her the Global Change Award and a $1million
prize. And cow manure is just the beginning of Jalila Essaldi's experiments
with animal waste. "After cows, we'll deal with pigs and other animals,"
she said.
9．Why has the author written the text
A．To suggest practical ways to deal with cattle manure.
B．To advertise for some clothes made by a Dutch company.
C．To introduce a designer who turns cow manure into clothing.
D．To persuade people to purchase products made from manure.
10．Which is the correct order of making Mestic-based clothing
A．acids →liquid plastic →manure →fabric →fibers →clothing
B．manure →acids →liquid plastic →fibers →fabric →clothing
C．liquid plastic →manure →fabric →fibers → acids →clothing
D．fibers →manure →acids →fabric →liquid plastic →clothing
11．What do we know about Mestic
A．Its smell is rather terrible. B．It is made from fossil fuels.
C．Its name has a Dutch origin. D．It can only be made in the lab.
12．What do Jalila Essaidi's words in the last paragraph mean
A．Something more needs to be done about cow manure.
B．She will switch to other animals waste in the future.
C．What experiments to do next really puzzles her.
D．The future of fashionable clothing is optimistic.
【答案】9．C
10．B
11．C
12．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；新闻报道类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，介绍了荷兰一位设计师正在运用化学原理将牛粪转化成对环境无害的有用之物，例如服装面料。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
9．考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“but one Dutch artist is using chemistry to turn it into something that is both eco-friendly and valuable”但是一位荷兰艺术家正在使用化学方法把它变成一种既环保又有价值的东西。可知，本文的主要目的是要介绍一位设计师用化学方法将牛粪变成有用之物—服装。故选C。
10．考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“She started by separating the waste, with the dry manure used to get pure cellulose from the grass that cows eat. From the wet manure, she got acids used to create a natural liquid plastic which was used to make fiber that are later turned into fabric(material used for making clothes).” 她从分离粪便开始，将干粪中的纯纤维素提取出来，这些纤维素来自牛所吃的草。她还从新鲜的粪便中提取出用于制作醋酸纤维素这一天然液体塑料的酸类物质。醋酸纤维素可以用来制作纤维，纤维又是生成布料和生物塑料的原料。可知，制作流程应是manure(牛粪) →acids(酸) →liquid plastic(液体塑料) →fibers(醋酸纤维) →fabric(纤维) →clothing(布料)。故选B。
11．考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“This new material was named Mestic, from mest, the Dutch word for manure.”这种新材料被命名为Mestic，来自荷兰语mest，意思是肥料。可知，这个名字起源于荷兰语。故选C。
12．考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“And cow manure is just the beginning of Jalila Essaldi's experiments with animal waste. ‘After cows, we'll deal with pigs and other animals,' she said.” 牛粪只是Jalila Essaldi动物粪便实验的开始。“除了牛，我们还将要处理猪和其他动物的粪便，”她说。可推知，她想要表达的是在成功将牛粪转变成衣服之后，他们还会继续研究如何将其他动物的粪便转化成为有价值的东西。故选B。
二、任务型阅读
（2021·鹰潭模拟）任务型阅读
Do we have a movement
signature
As
humans, we have several qualities that separate us from one another, such as
our fingerprints. 　13． 　
According
to a recent study, each person has a unique movement signature (鲜明特征). Depending on the person, these differences can be subtle or
pronounced.
　14． 　 For the study, scientists attached electrodes (电极) to muscles in the legs of volunteers. The volunteer were then
asked to perform activities such as walking on walking machines and riding stationary bikes (健身车), which were adjusted according to each person's physical
appearance in order to make sure everyone was judged using the same standards.
Scientists
fed the information to a computer along with the volunteer's name. 　15． 　Next, the computer was fed information
without the user's name and it could identity the person correctly 99% of the
time. The outcomes of the study showed that each of us does have something
unique about our general movements.
　16． 　 Since this is just a pilot study, scientists
will do more tests to see if the signature changes with age and weight changes.
But with a deeper understanding of the science of movement, doctors could
possibly develop more intricate
prosthetics (复杂精细的假肢). 　17． 　Whether that's cool or frightening
is up to you to decide.
A. How could this study be of
use to scientists
B. What do you think of the
findings of the study
C. Volunteers are expected to
write a report on the activities.
D. Is it possible that we
also have unique qualities in our movement.
E. Scientists could also
program robots to copy humans' movements more exactly.
F. In this way, the computer
could learn the unique movement quality of each person.
G. The study was conducted by
inviting people to take part in a couple of physical activities.
【答案】13．D；14．G；15．F；16．A；17．E
【知识点】七选五
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项关于“是否每个人都有独特的运动特点”的研究，包括研究过程及意义。
【点评】考查七选五，本文是一篇科研类阅读，要求在理解细节信息的基础上，着重考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。
13．根据空前“As humans, we have several qualities that separate us from one another, such as our fingerprints.”作为人类，我们有一些特征将我们彼此分开，比如指纹；以及空后“According to a recent study, each person has a unique movement signature (鲜明特征).”根据最新研究，每个人都有独特的运动特点。可知，下文提到每个人都有鲜明的运动特征，故空处应是提到运动特征，D. Is it possible that we also have unique qualities in our movement.“有没有可能我们的运动也有独特的特征？”承上启下，符合语境。故选D。
14．根据空后“For the study, scientists attached electrodes (电极) to muscles in the legs of volunteers. The volunteer were then asked to perform activities such as walking on walking machines and riding stationary bikes (健身车)”在这项研究中，科学家将电极附在志愿者腿部的肌肉。然后，志愿者被要求进行一些活动，比如在步行机器上行走和骑健身车。可知，本段是讲述研究过程，G. The study was conducted by inviting people to take part in a couple of physical activities.“这项研究是通过邀请人们参加一些体育活动来进行的”也是描述其过程，与下文衔接得当。故选G。
15．根据空前“Scientists fed the information to a computer along with the volunteer's name.”科学家将这些信息和志愿者的名字一起输入电脑，F. In this way, the computer could learn the unique movement quality of each person.“通过这种方式，电脑可以了解每个人独特的运动特征”承接上文，符合语境。故选F。
16．根据空后“scientists will do more tests to see if the signature changes with age and weight changes. But with a deeper understanding of the science of movement, doctors could possibly develop more intricate prosthetics”科学家们将做更多的测试，看看这些特征是否会随着年龄和体重的变化而变化。但随着对运动科学的深入了解，医生可能会开发出更复杂精细的假肢。可知，本段是讲述这项研究的意义和用处，A. How could this study be of use to scientists “这项研究对科学家有什么用处呢？”引出下文，故选A。
17．根据空前“But with a deeper understanding of the science of movement, doctors could possibly develop more intricate prosthetics (复杂精细的假肢).”但随着对运动科学的深入了解，医生可能会开发出更复杂精细的假肢。是讲述这项研究的意义，E. Scientists could also program robots to copy humans' movements more exactly.“科学家还可以给机器人编程，让它们精确地模仿人类的动作”也是描述其意义，E项中的could also承接前一句中的could，故选E。
三、完形填空
（2021·鹰潭模拟）完形填空
I
want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But, let's face
it: it isn't always 18． .
The
moment one thinks about the seriousness of the 19． we face, it is difficult not to feel
profoundly hopeless. For example, in order to 20． this article, I visit The World Counts (www.), which offers
all the latest 21． statistics (统计数据),
and it was 22． to send me to bed for the day.
There's
one thing I find 23． about trying to be 24． .
It is choosing between all the countless 25． on offer. Are bamboo toothbrushes better than
electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes Should one
replace old but perfectly usable smart phones with 26． and high-tech versions There is so much 27． out there to analyse. When I find myself in
despair (绝望), I 28． an article by Loren Eiseley in which two men
are walking along a beach covered by thousands of 29． ,
dying starfish. One of the men 30． throwing individual starfish back into the
water. The other man 31． that as there are so many starfish in trouble,
his companion's actions will make no 32． .
But the first man 33． that it will make a difference to each
starfish he manages to 34． .
It
is an oft-repeated story, but that doesn't make it any less 35． .
Someone has put it in a nutshell when he said, "it is the greatest of all 36． to do nothing because you can only do a little
— do what you 37． ."
18．A．interesting B．easy C．useful D．valuable
19．A．stress B．problem C．illness D．change
20．A．research B．view C．understand D．print
21．A．international B．historical C．environment D．advanced
22．A．enough B．helpful C．possible D．necessary
23．A．strangest B．greatest C．funniest D．hardest
24．A．healthier B．greener C．cleverer D．stronger
25．A．suggestion B．protection C．choices D．chances
26．A．new B．popular C．free D．unique
27．A．instruction B．preparation C．explanation D．information
28．A．continue B．receive C．complete D．remember
29．A．colorful B．made-up C．washed-up D．common
30．A．starts B．avoids C．forgets D．minds
31．A．point out B．proves C．works out D．imagines
32．A．promise B．difference C．effort D．secret
33．A．learns B．realizes C．replies D．accepts
34．A．control B．catch C．find D．save
35．A．difficult B．true C．enjoyable D．painful
36．A．cause B．challenges C．mistakes D．opportunities
37．A．need B．expect C．want D．can
【答案】18．B；19．B；20．A；21．C；22．A；23．D；24．B；25．C；26．A；27．D；28．D；29．C；30．A；31．A；32．B；33．C；34．D；35．B；36．C；37．D
【知识点】人生百味类；夹叙夹议
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者用一个男子拯救海星的故事告诉我们：保护环境虽然非常困难，但是做点力所能及的事就是有意义的。
【点评】考查完形填空，本题考点涉及动词，名词，形容词，固定短语等多个知识点的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析推理，从而选出正确答案。
18．句意：但是，让我们面对现实：这并不总是容易的。A.interesting“有趣的”；B.easy“容易的”；C.useful“有用的”；D.valuable“有价值的”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment, and so do you. But”我想为保护环境做些正确的事，你也一样。以及表示转折关系的But可知，想为保护环境做正确的事情并不总是容易的。故选B。
19．句意：一想到我们所面临问题的严重性，就很难不感到深深的绝望。A.stress“压力”；B.problem“问题”；C.illness“疾病”；D.change“变化”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment”我想为保护环境做些正确的事，可知，此处是指环境问题。故选B。
20．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.research“调查，研究”；B.view“观察”；C.understand“明白”；D.print打印。根据“I visit The World Counts (www.)”可知，在网站上搜索数据的目的是研究这篇文章。故选A。
21．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.international“国际的”；B.historical“历史的”；C.environment“环境”；D.advanced“先进的”。根据上文“I want to do the right thing by the environment”可知，这个网站是关于环境的。故选C。
22．句意：例如，为了研究这篇文章，我访问了The World Counts (www.)，它提供了所有最新的环境统计数据，这足以让我躺下休息一天。A.enough“足够的”；B.helpful“有帮助的”；C.possible“可能的”；D.necessary“必要的”。根据“which offers all the latest environment statistics”可知，此处是指搜索这些数据足以让“我”休息一天，旨在突出数据之多，工作量之大。故选A。
23．句意：我发现要想变得更环保，有一件事是最难的。A.strangest“最奇怪的”；B.greatest“最伟大的”；C.funniest“最有趣的”；D.hardest“最难的”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，做出最环保的选择是最困难的事。故选D。
24．句意：我发现要想变得更环保，有一件事是最难的。A.healthier“更健康的”；B.greener“更环保的”；C.cleverer“更聪明的”；D.stronger“更强壮的”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，此处是指要想变得更环保，做出最环保的选择是最难的。故选B。
25．句意：它是在无数的选择中做出正确的选择。A.suggestion“建议”；B.protection“保护”；C.choices“选择”；D.chances“机会”。根据下文“Are bamboo toothbrushes better than electric ones Do trains always cause less pollution than planes ”竹制牙刷比电动牙刷好吗？火车造成的污染总是比飞机少吗？可知，此处是指在无数的选择中做出正确的选择。故选C。
26．句意：我们应该用新的高科技版本取代旧的但完全可用的智能手机吗？A.new“新的”；B.popular“流行的”；C.free“自由的”；D.unique“独特的”。根据“old but perfectly usable smart phones”可知，此处是指新的高科技版本。故选A。
27．句意：有太多的信息需要分析。A.instruction“指导”；B.preparation“准备”；C.explanation“解释”；D.information“信息”。根据“to analyse”可知，此处是指分析信息。故选D。
28．句意：当我发现自己陷入绝望时，我想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。在这篇文章中，两个人走在一个海滩上，海滩上满是被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。A.continue“继续”；B.receive“收到”；C.complete“完成”；D.remember“记得”。根据“When I find myself in despair”可知，此处是指“我”想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。故选D。
29．句意：当我发现自己陷入绝望时，我想起了洛伦·艾斯利的一篇文章。在这篇文章中，两个人走在一个海滩上，海滩上满是被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。A.colorful“五彩缤纷的”；B.made-up“捏造的”；C.washed-up“冲洗的”；D.common“普遍的”。根据“dying starfish”可知，此处是指被冲上岸的、濒临死亡的海星。故选C。
30．句意：其中一名男子开始把一只一只海星扔回水中。A.starts“开始”；B.avoids“避免”；C.forgets“忘记”；D.minds“介意”。根据下文，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响，可知，其中一名男子开始把一只一只海星扔回水中。故选A。
31．句意：另一个人指出，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。A.point out“指出”；B.proves“证明”；C.works out“锻炼”；D.imagines“想象”。根据“as there are so many starfish in trouble, his companion's actions will make no difference”可知，此处是指另一个人提出自己的观点，指出他的问题。故选A。
32．句意：另一个人指出，既然有这么多海星有麻烦，他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。A.promise“承诺”；B.difference“不同，影响”；C.effort“努力”；D.secret“秘密”。根据“there are so many starfish in trouble”可知，此处是指他同伴的行动不会有什么影响。故选B。
33．句意：但是第一个人回答说，这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。A.learns“学习”；B.realizes“意识到”；C.replies“回复”；D.accepts“接受”。根据“it will make a difference to each starfish”可知，此处是指他对同伴的回复。故选C。
34．句意：但是第一个人回答说，这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。A.control“控制”；B.catch“赶上”；C.find“发现”；D.save“拯救”。根据“throwing individual starfish back into the water”可知，他在设法拯救海星，所以是指这对他设法拯救的每一只海星都有影响。故选D。
35．句意：这是一个经常被重复的故事，但这并不意味着它不真实。A.difficult“艰难的”；B.true“真实的”；C.enjoyable“快乐的”；D.painful“痛苦的”。根据转折词but可知，这个故事虽然老生常谈，但是不影响它的真实性。故选B。
36．句意：最大的错误是认为你不会产生多大的影响就什么都不做——做你能做的。A.cause“原因”；B.challenges“挑战”；C.mistakes“错误”；D.opportunities“机会”。根据“do nothing”可知，此处是指什么都不做是最大的错误。故选C。
37．句意：最大的错误是认为你不会产生多大的影响就什么都不做——做你能做的。A.need“需要”；B.expect“期待”；C.want“想要”；D.can“能够”。根据上文“it will make a difference to each starfish he manages to save”可知，此处是指做到你力所能及的。故选D。
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
（2021·鹰潭模拟）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
The
annual Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin's main tourist highlight. It
is the world's biggest winter festival. The 　38． 　 (bitter) cold winters are just right for this
festival.
　39． 　 sets the Harbin festival apart is the scale
and size of the sculptures and the 　40． 　(beauty) lighting. It is bigger than
　41． 　ones in Sapporo, Norway,
and Quebec.
At
first, mainly Chinese participated, but in the last decade, it 　42． 　(become) an international festival
and 　43． 　(compete). As the
festival grows in international participation, and as China's economy grows,
the size of the snow sculptures and ice architecture exhibits keeps 　44． 　(grow). The work going into making
those exhibits is astonishing, and their size and beauty is amazing.
The
lightning 　45． 　(effect) on the
huge ice sculptures in the Ice and Snow World are technologically complex.
Officially
the festival 　46． 　(hold) from
the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending
dates partly depends 　47． 　the
weather.
The
Sun Island Scenic Area will be opened from Dec. 21 to Feb. 28.
【答案】38．bitterly；39．What；40．beautiful；41．the；42．has become；43．competition；44．growing；45．effects；46．is held；47．on
【知识点】语法填空
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对一年一度的哈尔滨冰雪节的介绍。
【点评】考查语法填空，本题考点涉及副词，主语从句，形容词，冠词，时态，名词，非谓语动词，语态以及介词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。
38．句意：严寒的冬天正适合这个节日。空处需用副词修饰形容词cold，故填bitterly。
39．句意：让哈尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处引导主语从句，从句中缺主语，再结合句意需用连接代词what引导。故填What。
40．句意：让哈尔滨节冰雪节与众不同的是雕塑的规模和大小以及美丽的灯光。空处修饰名词lighting，需用形容词形式，故填beautiful。
41．句意：哈尔滨节冰雪节比挪威札幌和魁北克的冰雪节大。根据句意此处填定冠词the表示特指，the ones特指挪威札幌和魁北克的冰雪节。故填the。
42．句意：起初，主要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，此处需作谓语动词；又因句中时间状语为in the last decade，需用现在完成时；主语为it，需用第三人称单数形式；再结合提示词become。故填has become。
43．句意：起初，主要是中国人参加，但在过去的十年里，它已经成为一个国际节日和比赛。分析句子成分可知，空处需用单数名词与festival并列作宾语，故填competition。
44．句意：随着冰雪节在国际参与下成长，以及中国经济的发展，冰雕和冰雕展览的规模也在不断扩大。空处前面是谓语动词keep，所以空处应用动名词作其宾语，故填growing。
45．句意：在冰雪大世界里，巨型冰雕上的闪电效果在技术上是复杂的。空处需用名词作主语；根据系动词are可知，主语要用复数形式，故填effects。
46．句意：官方的节日从12月底到2月举行。根据上下文语境可知，此处需用一般现在时；主语festival与hold之间为动宾关系，此处需用被动语态；又因主语festival为单数形式，此处需用第三人称单数形式。故填is held。
47．句意：冰雪节开始日期一直在变，而结束日期在一定程度上取决于天气。depend on固定短语，“取决于，依赖”，故填on。
五、短文改错
48．（2021·鹰潭模拟）假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today
was my father's birthday, so I decided to bake a cake for him. I didn't know
how make a cake. I couldn't tell my father because of I wanted to give him a
surprise. It was my firstly attempt, so I searched on the Internet and found
much videos there. I choose the best one. I saw the full videos and started
baking. First I collected all the things which might be needed to bake a cake.
And then, I followed the steps and finally my cake was ready. Last, I decorated
the cake by chocolates so that it looked more delicious. Then I gave the cake
to his father and he was really surprising.
【答案】①在how后面加to ②将of去掉 ③firstly →first ④much →many ⑤choose →chose ⑥videos →video ⑦which →that ⑧by →with ⑨his →my ⑩surprising →surprised
【知识点】短文改错
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者制作蛋糕的过程并把蛋糕送给了父亲。
①句意：我不知道怎么做蛋糕。“疑问词+to do”为固定结构，这里时how to do。故在how后面加to。
②句意：我不能告诉我父亲，因为我想给他一个惊喜。because后面加完整的句子，because of后面加短语，名词，代词等，不可以加完整的句子。故将of去掉。
③句意：这是我第一次尝试，所以我在网上搜索了很多视频。修饰名词attempt，需用first作限定词。故firstly改为first。
④much修饰不可数名词，many修饰可数名词复数形式，根据“videos”可知，此处需用many修饰。故much改为many。
⑤句意：我选了最好的一个。根据“searched”和“saw”可知，此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故choose改为chose。
⑥句意：我看了完整的视频就开始烤了。根据“the best one”可知，此处指代最好的那个视频，使用名词单数形式。故videos改为video。
⑦句意：首先，我收集了烤蛋糕可能需要的所有东西。All修饰先行词the things，需用关系代词that引导定语从句。故which改为that。
⑧句意：最后，我用巧克力装饰蛋糕，让它看起来更美味。decorate sth. with固定短语，“用某物装饰”。故by改为with。
⑨句意：然后我把蛋糕给了我的父亲，他真的很惊讶。主语I对应的形容词性物主代词是my。故his改为my。
⑩此处表示人的感受，需用-ed结尾的形容词作表语。故surprising改为surprised。
【点评】考查短文改错，本题考点涉及介词，数词，形容词，时态，名词，定语从句，介词，代词以及形容词等多个知识点的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，覆盖面广，综合性强，难度较大，区分度高。
六、提纲类作文
49．（2021·鹰潭模拟）假如你是李华，每周一你们班的英语课上课前都有一个三分钟的个人演讲活动，你打算在下周的英语课上讲《如何养成良好的生活习惯》。请你用英语准备一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1）简述习惯不好的现象；
2）如何养成良好的生活习惯；
3）表达感受或期望。
注意：1）词数100左右；
2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：生活习惯living habits
【答案】 Good morning, everyone! It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinion on how to develop good living habits.
It is known to all that good living habits are important to our physical and mental health. However, many of us ignore its importance by eating junk food and staying up late. In order to develop good living habits, as far as I am concerned, having a good rest is the foundation. Therefore, we need to sleep and get up early and have a regular daily schedule. Besides, eating healthily also plays an important role. Foods low in fat, salt and sugar are of great benefit to our health, so stay away from junk food. Finally, doing exercise is essential. It brings us good health as well as relaxation and pleasure. Many stresses and negative emotions can be washed away by doing exercise.
Motivation is what gets you start. And the habit is what keeps you going. May you all have good living habits! Thank you for listening!
【知识点】提纲作文；文字式应用文；半开放性作文
【解析】【分析】本题是一篇应用文写作，要求考生以李华的身份准备一篇演讲稿。写作背景：每周一你们班的英语课上课前都有一个三分钟的个人演讲活动，你打算在下周的英语课上讲《如何养成良好的生活习惯》。写作要点已经给出，属于提纲类作文，内容包括：1）简述习惯不好的现象；2）如何养成良好的生活习惯；3）表达感受或期望。提示中的内容比较泛泛，需要适当补充。本题对于考生的综合能力要求较高，要求考生有很强的谋篇布局的能力和组织要点的能力。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。
【点评】本篇作文要点齐全，结构完整，条理清晰，应用了较多的语法结构和词汇，熟练地使用了语句间的连接成分，使整个文章结构紧凑，很好地完成了写作任务。例如：It is my honor to be here to share with you my opinion on how to develop good living habits.运用了it作形式主语；
It is known to all that good living habits are important to our physical and mental health. 运用了主语从句；Finally, doing exercise is essential. 运用了动名词作主语； Many stresses and negative emotions can be washed away by doing exercise.运用了被动语态；Motivation is what gets you start. 运用了表语从句。
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