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长难句分析：高考真题+各版本教材长难句汇总（上）
1、?adj&adv的级别
●（adj&adv的级别）There is no?greater comfort?for an educator?than?to see the end result of his or her years of work.?对一个教育者来说，看到他或她多年工作的成果是最大的安慰。2012天津卷阅读B
●（adj&adv的级别）Some fish can produce sounds almost?as loud as?your speaking voice!?有的鱼发出的声音是你说话声音的两倍。(北师大版M3 U7 L3)
●（adj&adv的级别）Besides, we are all taxpayers so?the more?we earn?the more?tax we have to pay to those who govern us.?除此之外，我们都是纳税人，因此我们挣的钱越多，就要向政府交更多的税。(北师大版M8 U24L1)
●（adj&adv的级别）When we?get closer to?the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be?as strong a pull as?the earth's.?当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们，但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那样大。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
●（adj&adv的级别）But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried?twice as far as?on the earth and fell over.而当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
●（adj&adv的级别）Because of?the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has?more fresh water than any other country?in the world.?她们知道，因为五大湖，加拿大的淡水比世界上任何其他国家都要多。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（adj&adv的级别）Sri Chinmoy says that it is just?as important?for people to develop their bodies?as?it is to develop their minds, hearts and spiritual selves.?斯里琴摩指出人们发展他们的体魄与发展他们的头脑、心灵和精神上的自我具有同等的重要性。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
●（adj&adv的级别）The captain was as weak as the rest of us, but he was determined not to?give up.?船长同我们这些人一样地虚弱，但是他决意不放弃。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（adj&adv的级别）In fact, Australia has?more kinds of venomous snake than any other country?in the world.?事实上，澳大利亚比世界上任何其他国家的毒蛇品种都多。（新人教必修9Unit3P27）
●（adj&adv的级别）For example, adolescent boys?are more likely to?buy computer games than any other group, so it?makes sense?to make computer game ads that appeal to this group.?举例说，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告才是有意义的。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（adj&adv的级别）The more?exposed?young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become?aware of?them,?the more?likely they are?to become responsible, forward-planning adults who?manage?their finances confidently and effectively.??年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。（2008上海卷阅读C）
●（adj&adv的级别）This nice-tasting pineapple?contained?four times more vitamin C(维生素C)than?the old green variety.?这种好吃的菠萝含有的维生素C是以前的青色的菠萝的四倍。2008宁夏卷阅读B
●（adj&adv的级别）A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always?cheaper than?an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.?例如，一本平装的小说集，比你在电影院或剧院度过一个晚上要花费得少，而且你可以永久保存一本书还能读好多次。（2008安徽卷阅读D）
●（adj&adv的级别）She found that kids praised for “trying hard”?did better?on testes and?were more likely to take on?difficult assignments?than?those praised for being “smart”.?她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。2008福建卷阅读B
●（adj&adv的级别）Perhaps more importantly,?the better?you are at managing the time you?devote to?your studies,?the more time?you will have to spend on your outside interests.?也许更重要的是，你学习的时间管理的越好，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。（2008江苏卷阅读A）
2、动词的时态和语态
1.?（动词的时态和语态）Just as I?am about to?become self-pitying, the door to our shelter opens and a?blast?of cold air?tears through?the hut. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P2)?正当我快要变得自我怜惜起来时，我们的营棚的门开了，一股冷空气穿过营棚。
2.?（动词的时态和语态）Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had helped us?persevere?in?staying alive?and he had repaid us by his?commitment?to return and?save us from?a slow but painful death. (新人教版必修10 ?Unit1 P9)?乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚持顽强地活了下来，而他给我们的回报则是承诺返回岛上，并且把我们从缓慢而又痛苦的死亡中解救出来。
3.?（动词的时态和语态）One way to know what techniques to use is to study the techniques that good readers use and then?adopt?them in your own reading.?Very soon you will have developed reading skills?that will?help?you?with?all your reading. (新人教版必修10 Unit4 P33)?知道运用何种技巧的一种方法就是研究优秀阅读者所使用的方法，然后在自己的阅读中加以采纳。很快你就会提高阅读技能，有助于你开展各种阅读活动。
4.?（动词的时态和语态）And?if America is to be?a great nation, this must become true. So?let freedom ring… (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P28) ?如果美国要成为一个伟大的国家，这必须成为现实。所以让自由回荡……
5.?（动词的时态和语态）I have had enough of?your soldiers.?They are expensive to keep?and you don’t need them. (新人教版必修10 Unit2?P18)?我烦透你的士兵了。保留他们很费钱，而且你也不需要他们。
6.?（动词的时态和语态/连词和状语从句）I have been so occupied getting used to everything that?I haven’t had time for social activities.?(新人教版必修7 Unit?5?P39)?一直忙于适应环境，以至于我都没有时间去搞社会活动。
7.?（动词的时态和语态）It was the first time she had ever left?her home country. (新人教版必修7?Unit5?P38) ?这是她第一次离开自己的祖国。
8.?（动词的时态和语态）The other day?I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment ---?before I knew it, the mixture was?bibbing over?everywhere! (新人教版必修7?Unit4?P29)?有一天，我正在给孩子们做化学实验的演示，我还没明白是怎么回事，混合机就到处冒气泡了！
9.?（动词的时态和语态）He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had?gained a Master’s degree?at university in chemistry. (新人教版必修7 Unit?2?P16)?他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的一年才停止工作。
10.?(动词的时态和语态)?Over the last decade, the government has?worked hard at?using advertisements to educate the public on fighting AIDS, saving water, helping?the poor,?giving up smoking, etc. (北师大版M4?U11?L3)?在过去的十年中，政府努力用公益广告教育公众防范艾滋病、节约用水、扶贫、戒烟等。
11.??(动词的时态和语态) Bacteria and viruses have?been around?since the beginning of life on Earth and?many of today’s diseases have existed as long as humans have. (北师大版M7 U21 L3)?自从地球上有了生命，便有了细菌和病毒。
12.??(动词的时态和语态/状语从句) By the year of 2015,?the clothing industry?will have produced new types of material that will?remain?stainless?no matter what?you spill on them. (北师大版M7 U20 L1)?到2015年，服装工业将生产出新型的面料，无论你把什么东西洒在上面，都不会留下污点。
13.?(动词的时态和语态)?By the end of?the century, we will have discovered other places in our?solar system?suitable for living and?we will have discovered ways to go further into space.?(北师大版M7 U20 L1)?到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。
14.?(动词的时态和语态) At nine o’clock on Saturday morning,?I’ll be sitting in the front row?and listening to the great professor Willard talking about the future of my brain. (北师大版M7?U20?L1)?星期六上午九点钟，我将会坐在前排，聆听伟大的威拉德教授关于大脑的未来发展的语言。
15.?(动词的时态和语态) In today’s world, winners are?celebrated?and?treated as?heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to?affect?the?outcomes?of major sporting events,?the word “hero” will have lost all meaning.?(北师大版M7 U21 L1)?在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。
16.?(动词的时态和语态/定语从句) One of the earliest epidemics?on record?happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor?at the time?was?attempting to?rebuild the Roman Empire. (北师大版M7 U21 L3)?历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500-550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。
17.?（动词的时态和语态）But?while he was having lunch, George?glanced at?the photo in the newspaper that the book had been?wrapped in.?(2009年上海卷阅读A)?然而在进午餐时，乔治不经意间看到包字典的报纸上的照片。
18.?（动词的时态和语态）In the past two decades, the Chinese studies programs have?gained huge popularity?in Western universities. (2012年辽宁卷阅读B)?在过去的20年间，中国的研究项目在西方的大学中获得了巨大的声望。
19.?●（动词的时态和语态）The last few years?have seen?environmental disasters?on a grand scale, and experts are?predicting?far worse to come.?最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。(北师大版M8U22L3)
20.?●（动词的时态和语态）People?have been enjoying?the?benefits?of cycling in Amsterdam for years.?很多年来，在阿姆斯特丹人们一直能享受到骑自行车带来的好处。(北师大版M3 U9 L1)
21.?●（动词的时态和语态）In the?last few decades, scientists?have reached consensus?and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate -- something previously?seen as?beyond?our control.
22.?最近几十年，科学家们一致认为，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。(北师大版M8 U22L1)
23.?●（动词的时态和语态）Some festivals?are held?to?honour?the dead or to satisfy the ancestors,?who might return either to help or to do harm.?有些节日是为了纪念死者，或使祖先得到满足，因为祖先有可能回到世上（给人们）提供帮助，也有可能带来危害。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
24.?●（动词的时态和语态）Treatments for jellyfish stings and snakebites?have also been?developed and in the last five years there?have been?only three deaths from jellyfish stings and about the same number from snakebites.?治疗水母刺伤和毒蛇咬伤方法也已经研制成功，在过去的五年里只有三人死于水母刺伤，这与被蛇咬伤致死的人数大体相同。（新人教必修9Unit3P28）
25.?●（动词的时态和语态）Adverts?are not only made?and paid for by business, but also by individuals, organizations and associations that wish to?inform?or educate the public.?广告不仅可由商家付费制作，也可以由想要想公众传达或教育公众的个人、组织或协会来出资制作。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
26.?●（动词的时态和语态）Margaret, married with two small children,?has been working?for the last seven years as a night cleaner, cleaning offices in a big building.?玛格丽特，已婚带着两个孩子，七年来一直作为一个夜晚的清洁工在工作，在一座大楼里打扫卫生。（2008湖北卷阅读A）
27.?●（动词的时态和语态）Peters died in 1984, and a ten-foot wooden squirrel sculpture?was placed?near the bridge?in memory?of its?builder?and his?devotion?to the project.?彼得斯于1984年去世，为了纪念桥的建设者和他对这个项目的奉献，一个10英尺的木制松鼠雕塑被放置在桥的附近。2012山东卷阅读C
28.?? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?
??（时态语态）Now people?are?beginning?to?pay attention to Toffler’s ideas because the speed of change is becoming increasingly fast. (北师大版M5 Unit 14 Lesson 4 Job Trends)
现在由于变化的速度越来越快，人们开始关注托夫勒的预言。
??（时态语态）Ever since they were first put on the market?in the early 1990s,?genetically modified (GM?转基因)?foods have been increasingly developed and marked in many countries in the world,?mainly?on the basis of?their?promise?to end the worldwide food crisis. (2011年陕西卷 阅读D)
自从二十世纪九十年代早期首次投入市场以来，转基因食物就不断地在很多国家开发和销售，主要是基于想要结束世界粮食危机。
??（时态语态）．Though the?belief?in the merit of dirt was long-lived,?dirt has no longer been?regarded as?a nice neighbor ever since the 18th?century.?(2011年重庆卷 阅读C)
尽管相信灰尘有价值的观点久已存在，但从18世纪起人们就不再把灰尘当作好伙伴了。
??（时态语态）?Merrigan, a former college professor, is making stops at universities across the country?in hopes?of encouraging more students to?think about careers in agriculture.?(2012年江苏卷 阅读B)
Merrigan,?一位先前的大学教授， 正在访问全国的大学以期望鼓励更多的学生去考虑将来从事农业生产。
??(时态语态) ?By the 1940s?I?had grown?as large as a room,?and I wondered if I would grow any larger. (人教版?M2 Unit 3 Who Am I ?)
到二十世纪四十年代，我已经长得像一间屋子那么大了。
??(时态语态) ?Over time?my memory has developed?so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything?I?have been told ! (人教版?M2 Unit 3 Who Am I ?)
随着时间的推移，我的记忆能力发展得如此之快，就像一头大象一样，从来不会忘记告诉我的任何事情！
??(时态语态) ?They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago,?long before?humans?came into being?and?their?future seemed secure at that time.?（人教版?M 2 Unit 4 Animal Extinction?）
千百万年前，恐龙就生活在地球上，比人类的出现要早得多，当时他们的前景好象也很安全。
??(时态语态) ??Art?is?influenced by?the way of life and beliefs of the people, and?China, unlike Europe, has?followed a similar way of life?for a very long time.?(人教版?M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
艺术是受着人民生活习俗和信仰的影响的，与欧洲不同， 中国很久一直沿袭了相似的生活习俗。
??(时态语态) ??At this gallery, you?will?not only?see an excellent collection of pre-twentieth century western paintings?but?you will?also?be able to explore Frick’s beautiful house.?(人教版?M 6 Unit 1 The Best Of Manhattan’s Art Galleries )
在这个画廊，你不仅能看到20世纪以前的西方绘画，而且能够好好考察一下弗里克美丽的故居和花园。
??(时态语态)??It is believed that before long?the mix of nationalities will be?so great that?there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups,?but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. (人教版?M 8 Unit 1 A Land Of Diversity )
人们认为，要不了多久，多种国籍的混合将会非常之大，以至不可能存在一种主要的种族或文化群体，而只是多种族，多文化的混合体。
??(时态语态/定语从句)??We have been excavating layers of ash almost six meters thick,?which?suggests?that they might have?kept the fire burning?all winter.?(人教版?M 6 Unit 5 A Visit To The Zhou Kou Dian Caves )
我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰,几乎有六米厚,?这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火.
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3、非谓语动词
1.?（非谓语动词）I’ll never forget watching the little boat disappear?through the?booming?waves into the stormy ocean. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P3)?我永远也不会忘记眼看着小船从哗哗作响的波浪中消失在波涛汹涌的大海洋里的情景。
2.?（非谓语动词）Left behind, we watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P 9)?我们留下了，看着沙克尔顿和小船驶离大象岛。
3.?（非谓语动词）With no trees growing on Antarctica?and no oil, the only fuel we could use was seal fat. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9)?南极地区不长树，也没有油料，唯一可供我们作燃料的便是海豹的脂肪。
4.?（非谓语动词）Four months of this was?as much as?the twenty-two of us could bear in this?bone-numbing?cold. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P9)?在这样彻骨的寒冷中，这种状况持续的四个月是我们22人所能承受的极限。
5.?（非谓语动词）With the 19th?century being?regarded as?one of great women writers, there were also some excellent male authors. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P 42)?十九世纪被认为是伟大女作家人才辈出的世纪，这一时期也有一些优秀的男作家。
6.?（非谓语动词）These women having produced?works?of the highest?quality, any?survey?of the 19th?century English literature must include them. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P42)?这些女作家由于创作了具有高水准的作品，任何关于19世纪英国文学的研究都必须包括她们。
7.?（非谓语动词）This will allow?hearing-impaired?customers to enjoy the?company?of their hearing friends?rather than?having to sit in a special area. (新人教版必修7?Unit?1?P?8)?这样可以使那些听力有缺陷的观众和那些听力很好的朋友坐在一起欣赏，而不是让它们坐在一个特定的地区。
8.?（非谓语动词）By the?amused and surprised look?on her face, Claire knew that Gladys thought she was?having an affair. (新人教版必修7 Unit?2?P?11)?从格拉迪斯脸上的那种有趣而又惊奇的神色来看，克莱尔知道，格拉迪斯认为她有风流韵事了。
9.?（非谓语动词/定语从句）She?was proud to have recently represented?her country in an athletic?competition where she?won a gold medal?in the 50-meter race. (新人教版必修7?Unit1?P1)?她很自豪因为她代表她的祖国参加了一次运动比赛，在比赛中她还得了一枚50米跑的金牌。
10.?（非谓语动词）As well as?going to the movies and football matches with my friends when I am?well?enough, I spend a lot of time with my pets. (新人教版必修7 Unit1?P3)?身体好的时候，我会和我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛。此外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。
11.?（非谓语动词/连词和状语从句）But?even though?Tony had been so clever, he would have to be rebuilt --- you cannot have women?falling in love with?machines. (新人教版必修7 Unit?2?P12)?但是，尽管托你很聪明，他还得做一番改造---总不能让女人和机器相爱吧。
12.?（非谓语动词）I told myself they weren’t dangerous but?that didn’t stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment!?(新人教版必修7?Unit?3?P23) ?我自言自语地说他们并不危险，但是我这样说一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的恐惧心情。
13.?（非谓语动词/定语从句）Living with host families, some of which have children who are also?at university, gives students the opportunity to learn more about everyday life and customs in their new country. (新人教版必修7?Unit5?P38)?有的房东家也有上大学的孩子，跟这样的人家住在一起会给外国学生提供学习机会，更好地了解这个新国家的日常生活和风俗习惯。
14.??(非谓语动词) London’s name had been?announced?twice before, in 1908 and 1948, so?it now has the distinction of being the first city to host the event three times.?(北师大版M4 U11 L1)?之前伦敦的名字已经被宣布了两次，因此它现在享有身为第一个举办过三届奥运会的国家的殊荣。
15.?(非谓语动词/定语从句) The recent case of an American women, Terri Schiavo, whose husband won a?legal battle?to have her?taken off?life support machines after she spent 15 years?in a coma-like state, has?exposed?the many sensitive legal and medical?issues?that surround the care of coma patients. (北师大版M7 U21 CW)?最近一位美国妇女Terri Schiavo的案例已经暴露出许多关于对昏迷病人的护理的敏感的司法和医学问题，她的丈夫打赢了一场官司，在她在昏迷状态下度过15年之后，把她与她的生命供应机切断了。
16.?(非谓语动词) The court?gave their approval for?the life support machines to be?turned off?and while?this ruling left Terri’s parents feeling numb?and others?claiming?that life is?sacred, which no one has the right to end, many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri. (北师大版M7 U21 CW)?法院批准把生命供养机关掉，虽然此项裁决使得Terri的父母感觉麻木，而且使其他人声称生命是神圣的，没有人有权力将其终止，但是许多人都会说这对Terri来说却是一件正确的事情。
17.?(非谓语动词) Modern advertisements must?stand out?in a world full of competition by?combining?the highest standards of design?with?ideas?linked to?the products to make them more attractive. (北师大版M4 U11?L3)?现代广告必须把最高水平的设计和产品理念相结合，以增强吸引力，这样才能够从激烈的竞争中胜出。
18.?(非谓语动词) The top advertisers of today believe that using humor?as well as?new and unusual ideas to surprise people is important in modern advertisements. (北师大版M4 U11 L3)?当今的顶级广告设计者认为，在现代广告中运用幽默和新颖独特的创意很重要。
19.?(非谓语动词)?At the last minute,?he jumped out of the truck, hurting his ankle,?before the trolleybus?crashed into?the truck, pushing it 20 yards. (北师大版M4 U11 L4)?在最后一分钟，他从车中跳了出来，伤了脚踝，然后电车就撞上他的卡车，并把它向前推动了20码。
20.??(非谓语动词)?I don’t know what your expectations are of London, but knowing that you’ve never travelled outside of Asia, I thought I’d tell you a bit about what you can?expect?to find. (北师大版M4 U12?L1)?我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望，但我知道您从未到过亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以，我想告诉你关于这里的情况。
21.??(非谓语动词) I told her the coat?suited?her, but she looked very?embarrassed, saying that it was a cheap one she had bought a long time ago. (北师大版M4 U12 L3)?我对她说，这件衣服很适合她穿。没想到她看上去很不好意思，解释说那件皮衣是很早以前买的。
22.?(非谓语动词/名词性从句) With recent press reports?drawing parallels between?Bird Flu and a killer epidemic in the past, Jim Smith?looks through?the history of epidemics for clues about what the future might hold. (北师大版M7 U21 L3)?随着近期的媒体报道将禽流感与过去的致命传染病画上等号，吉姆·史密斯回顾了传染病的历史，寻找与将来可能发生的情况有关的线索。
23.?(非谓语动词) Having killed?up to?50 million people in 18 months,?with a tendency to?strike?the young and?fit?rather than?the old,?the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.?(北师大版M7 U21 L3)?西班牙流感在十八个月内夺去了五千万人的生命，该病似乎专门袭击年轻力壮的人，而不是老迈长者，被认为是历史上最严重的一次传染病。
24.?(非谓语动词) The Olympic spirit --- the spirit of competition which?emphasizes?taking part?rather than winning --- has been?violated?by the desire to succeed?at all costs. (北师大版M7 U21 L1)?奥林匹克精神---强调参与而不是取胜的竞技精神---已经被为成功而不惜一切代价的愿望所亵渎。
25.?（非谓语动词）Ma Shwe was?as near to the far bank as she could get, holding her whole body against the rushing water, and keeping the?calf?pressed against?her huge body.?(2009全国I卷阅读A)?Ma shwe尽可能靠近河岸，在湍急的河水中保持着身体的平衡，并且用她那肥胖的身躯抵住小牛。
26.?（非谓语动词）Finally it was time to?have Miss Finlayson help me with my boots.?(2009年陕西卷阅读A)?终于该让Finlayson老师帮我穿靴子了。
27.?（非谓语动词）With December coming,?there’s?reconstruction?work to be done, so it’s difficult to prepare for Christmas.?(2009年四川卷阅读B) 12月就要来了，还要做重建工作，所以很难为圣诞节做准备。
28.?（非谓语动词）People today?prefer?living together?to?putting their signatures on a marriage certificate because they?refuse to?accept?responsibility for?the relationship.?(2009年江西卷阅读C)?现在的人宁可同居，却不愿在结婚证上签字，因为他们拒绝为这种关系负责。
29.?（非谓语动词）Soil?is made up of?a number of layers（层），each having its own?distinctive?color and?texture.??(2009年江苏卷阅读D)?土壤有许多层组成，每一层都有自己独特的颜色和质地。
30.?（非谓语动词）When World War I?broke out,?he seemed to have become another man,?downhearted.?(2009年湖北卷阅读A)?当第一次世界大战爆发时，他像是变了一个人，特别地消沉。
31.?（非谓语动词）When camping in woodland,?avoid standing?dead trees, which may fall?on a windy night.?(2009年北京卷阅读E)?当在林地露营时，避免站在枯木边上，它们可能在有风的夜晚落下来。
32.?（非谓语动词）Edmonds is?the first African American ever to work?as a full-time speechwriter for a U.S. president;?he is also the first African American to?serve as?director of speechwriting for the White House.?(2009年陕西卷阅读B)?埃德蒙兹是第一个非洲裔美国人作为全职演讲撰稿人为美国总统工作。他也是第一位非洲裔美国人作为演讲撰稿人总监为白宫工作。
33.?（非谓语动词）When I headed toward the centre,?I found myself surrounded by?buildings that?mirror?the best palaces of Europe.?(2009年重庆卷阅读D)?当向市中心进发时，我发现自己被高楼大厦所包围，这儿映现了欧洲最好的宫殿。
34.?（非谓语动词）Going through?the cloud can?result in?ash?getting stuck in?the airplane’s engines, causing?damage?to the plane.?(2009年辽宁卷阅读C)飞机从火山灰云层经过会使得云层中的灰烬进入飞机引擎，从而对飞机造成危险。
35.?（非谓语动词）We’d?gotten so used to?keeping our air-conditioning going?around the clock.?(2009年福建卷阅读E)?我们已经很习惯没日没夜地开着我们的空调了。
36.?（非谓语动词）He said he will?make?his study on the fish?known to?the public?in an American magazine early next year. (2009全国II卷阅读C)?他说明年初他会在一家美国杂志上将他对鱼类的研究公之于众。
37.?（非谓语动词）Three hours?passing by, I became more and more?impatient.?(2009年重庆卷阅读A)?三个小时过去了，我变得越来越不耐烦。
38.?（非谓语动词）With more than three children, for example, wives?took on?more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week?compared with?husbands’?10 hours. (2009全国II卷阅读B)?比如说，如果孩子数量超过三个，妻子们每周做家务的时间会增加到28个小时，而丈夫仅为10个小时。
39.?（非谓语动词/定语从句）?A journey?by train?also has a special?charm?about it. Lakes and forests and wild, open plains?sweeping?past your carriage window?create a grand view?in which time and distance mean nothing. (2012年江西卷阅读D)?乘火车旅行也有其独特的魅力。湖泊、森林、原始而又广袤的平原打你的车窗前扫过，这些都创造了伟大的风景，在这样的景致中，时间和距离都失去了意义。
40.?（非谓语动词）Having been an immigrant (移民) myself, I?admire?people who?go overseas?to find a job. ?(2012年湖北卷阅读A)??我自己就曾是个移民，所以我非常钦佩那些到海外求职的人。
On a hill 600 feet above the?surrounding?land, we?watch the lines of rain move across the scene, the moon rise over the hills, and the stars appear in the sky.?在一个600英尺高的山上，我们看雨落在周围，月亮从山上升起，星星在天空中出现。2012四川卷阅读A
When?you?set out to do?something different, there’s no end in sight, so?to find myself in a position?where?I?now have my own name on a contract of the publisher?—?to be a published writer?—?is unbelievably?rewarding.?当着手去做不同的事情，看不到尽头，所以，发现自己在一个自己的名字写在出版商的合同上——成为一个出版作家——是令人难以置信的回报。2012四川卷阅读C
The Harvard-MIT program will be monitored by a not-for-profit organization?based in Cambridge, to be owned equally by the two universities.?一个位于剑桥的非盈利组织要对Harvard-MIT这个项目进行监控，两所大学同等地拥有这个项目。2012四川卷阅读D
To really develop empathy, you’d better volunteer at a nursing home or a hospital, join a club or a team that has a diverse membership, have a “sharing circle” with your family, or spend time?caring for?pets at an animal shelter.?要真正开发同理心，你最好在养老院或医院做志愿者，加入一个有一个多样化的会员的俱乐部或一个团队，与你的家人有一个“共享圈”，或者在一个动物收容所照顾宠物。2012北京卷阅读七选五
The study,?published in 2009, found that when writing with a pen and paper, participants wrote longer essays and more complete sentences and had a faster word production rate.?这项研究发表于2009年，发现用笔和纸来写，参与者写的文章更长，写的句子更完整，写单词的速度更快。2012天津卷阅读C
It would include every English word possible and would give?not only?the?definition?but also?the?history?of the word and quotations (引文)showing?how it was used.?它将包括每一个可能的英文词，不仅给出词的定义而且给出这个词的历史和表示它的用法的引文。2012山东卷阅读B
But the donator who started sending envelopes with cash to deserving causes,?accompanied?by?an article from the local paper, has made a northern German city believe in fairytales但是，捐赠者开始给值得关注的事业发送装有现金的信封，伴随着当地报纸的一篇文章，已经使一个德国北部城市相信童话。2012福建卷阅读A
Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones,?so as to?allow for?steady and sure understanding of the material by students.?基本的数学源自相对容易的概念，逐渐转移到更麻烦的，以便允许学生能稳定地、有把握地理解材料。2012北京卷阅读A
Professor H. Siegel,?honored by?Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a?devoted?teacher and?has a gift for?explaining mathematical concepts in ways?that?make them seem clear and obvious.?H·西格尔教授，被肯塔基州教育电视称为是“美国最好的数学老师，“是一个尽职的教师，在解释数学概念方面很有天赋的，能把这些概念解释得清楚明了。2012北京卷阅读A
Proudly reading?my words, I glanced around the room,?only to find?my classmates bearing big smiles on their faces and tears in their eyes.?自豪地阅读我写的内容，我环顾整个房间，却发现我的同学笑得眼泪都要流出来了。2012北京卷阅读B
Confused, I glanced toward my stone-faced teacher.?Having no choice, I slowly raised the report I had slaved over,?hoping to hide myself.?感到困惑，我瞥了一眼老师。没有选择，我慢慢拿高我写的报告，希望能隐藏自己。2012北京卷阅读B
●（非谓语动词）He failed to win the race to the Pole, but the extraordinary courage?shown by Captain Scott and his men?made them into heroes.?他没有能够到极地的比赛，但是斯科特上校和他的队员所表现出的超常的勇气使他们成了英雄。(北师大版M3 U8 L4)
●（非谓语动词）But anger and stress are nothing?compared to the real costs of the motor car.?但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒都是微不足道的。(北师大版M3 U9 L4)
●（非谓语动词）Ford found a way to mass-produce the motor car cheaply,?making it possible for many more people to own one.?福特想了个办法便宜地大批量生产汽车，使更多的人有可能拥有一辆车。(北师大版M3 U9 Culture Corner)
●（非谓语动词）Looking ahead,?scientists believe that global warming could be one of the biggest environmental problems?facing the 21st century.?展望未来，科学家们认为全球变暖可能是21世纪所面临的最严重的环境问题之一。(北师大版M8 U23 L3)
●（非谓语动词）Given this data,?it seems that?the link between human activities and rising?global?temperatures is not merely a coincidence.?根据这一数据推断，人类活动与全球变暖之间的关系不仅仅只是一个巧合。(北师大版M8 U22L1)
●（非谓语动词）In the last three years, Indonesia has had a?rough?time,?suffering several killer quakes?and it is still recovering from the Asian tsunami caused by an offshore earthquake on December 26th, 2004.?在过去的三年里，印尼饱受自然灾害之苦，它遭受了几次致命的大地震，至今仍然处于2004年12月26日发生的亚洲海啸所造成的创伤的恢复期中，那次海啸是由一次离岸地震所引起的。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
●（非谓语动词）The children played in the courtyards and because of the hutongs, courtyards were joined together for miles around?creating a network of people working, playing and living together—a real community. ?孩子们在院子里一起玩耍，方圆好几里的四合院被连接起来，构成了人们一起工作、一起娱乐、一起起居的网络和一个真正的社区。(北师大版M8 U24L3)
●（非谓语动词）The hutongs?not only?link Beijing’s streets and communities after all,?but also?its past and present,?showing that Beijing is truly an ancient yet modern city.?胡同不仅连接了北京的街道和社区，它还联系着北京的过去和现在，它证明了北京的确是一座古老而现代的城市。(北师大版M8 U24L3)
●Eighty-year-old retired tailor, James Mckay, spent Saturday night in jail after?hitting thirty-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick.?81岁的退休裁缝吉姆斯 ·?迈奇，在用拐杖打了30岁的科思·?史密斯的头之后，在监狱里度过了星期六的夜晚。(北师大版M8 U23L1)
●（非谓语动词）Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang?hurrying by. "Hello, Lao Li," he called. "Your usual?" But Li Chang?seemed not to hear.突然间，他看到自己的朋友李昌匆匆地走过。他喊道，“喂，老李！你还是吃老一套的吧？”可是李昌似乎没有听到。（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（非谓语动词）He could not have Yong Hui?getting away with telling people lies! He?had better?do some research!?他可不能让雍慧哄骗人们后跑掉。他最好做一番调查！（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（非谓语动词）At the library Wang Peng was surprised?to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little.?在图书馆，王鹏很惊讶地发现，他餐馆的食物脂肪含量太高，而雍慧餐馆的食物脂肪含量又太低。（新人教必修3Unit2P10）
●（非谓语动词）Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken?cooked with garlic.?雍慧同意留下来。没过一会，他们两人就津津有味地吃起饺子和蒜蓉鸡胸。（新人教必修3Unit2P14）
●（非谓语动词）At this moment, they see a penniless young man?wandering on the pavement outside their house.?这时他们看见一个身无分文的年轻人在房子外面的人行道上游荡。（新人教必修3Unit3P17）
●（非谓语动词）Just?having you sit here is a great honour!?As for?the bill, sir, please forget it.?您就是在这儿坐一下也是我们莫大的荣幸!至于说账单吗，先生，请您把它忘了吧。（新人教必修3Unit3P22）
●（非谓语动词）As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot?to live on.?因此，许多科学家相信地球可能会变得太热而不适合生物的生存。（新人教必修3Unit4P26）
●（非谓语动词）Last month I was lucky enough?to have a chance to make a trip into space?with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer.?我的朋友李彦平是一位飞行员，上个月我有幸得到一个机会同他一起去太空旅行。（新人教必修3Unit4P30）
●（非谓语动词）We watched,?amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship?as the earth's gravity increased.?我们惊奇地看着，随着地球引力的增加，宇宙飞船的外层燃烧起火。（新人教必修3Unit4P31）
●（非谓语动词）Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada?to visit their cousins in Montreal?on the Atlantic coast.?李黛予和她的表妹刘倩要去加拿大大西洋海岸的蒙特利尔市看望他们的表兄妹们。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）Going eastward, you'll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests,?as well as?wide rivers and large cities.?一路向东行，你们会经过一座座山脉，上千个湖泊，森林，还有宽阔的河流和许多大城市。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）They spent the afternoon in lovely shops and?visiting artists in their workplaces?beside the water.?整个下午他们穿梭于布局可爱的商店，还拜访了水边工作坊里的艺术家。（新人教必修3Unit5P38）
●Many of them?have a gift for?riding wild horses?and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.?他们中许多人都有骑野马的才能，他们能赢得几千美元的奖金。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）Skiing in the Rocky Mountains and sailing in the harbour?make Vancouver one of Canada's most popular cities to live in.?洛基山可以滑雪，海港供你杨帆，这些使得温哥华成为加拿大最受欢迎的居住城市之一。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）People say it is Canada's most beautiful city,?surrounded by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.?人们说温哥华是加拿大最美丽的城市，被大山和太平洋环抱。（新人教必修3Unit5P34）
●（非谓语动词）The country,?covered with cherry tree flowers, looks?as thought?it is covered with pink snow.?（节日里）整个国度到处是盛开的樱花，看上去就像覆盖了一层粉红色的血。（新人教版必修3Unit1P2）
●（非谓语动词）Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would?drown?his sadness in coffee.?他不想屏息等他来道歉，他要用咖啡来解愁。（新人教版必修3Unit1P7）
●（非谓语动词）While Ashrita makes?standing on top of a 75 cm Swiss ball?look easy, it is not. It takes a lot of concentration and a great sense of balance to stay on it.?当阿西里塔站在75厘米高的瑞士球上时，看起来虽然很轻松容易，其实不然。呆在球上得一直全神贯注，还需要有极强的注意力和极好的平衡感。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
●（非谓语动词）Covering a mile in the fastest time while doing gymnastically correct lunges?is yet another event in which Ashrita is outstanding.?做标准的体操弓箭步动作向前，以最快的节奏走完一英里的路程是阿西里塔又一个出色的项目。（新人教必修9Unit1P2）
●（非谓语动词）An early method of?measuring speed?involved?throwing a knotted rope tied to a log?over the side of the ship.?早期测量速度的方法是沿着船边拉一根打结的绳子。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
●（非谓语动词）It measured how high stars were above the horizon?using a quarter circle?rather than?the full circle of the astrolabe.?它利用星盘的1/4圆周而不是整个圆来测量星星在水平线上的高度。（新人教必修9Unit2P13）
●（非谓语动词）It was extremely difficult for us?to get a correct reading?from the quadrant as the boat moved constantly.?因为船只总是在晃动，所以我们很难从四分仪上得到正确的读数。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（非谓语动词）It was starvation quantities but the extreme lack of water was the hardest?to cope with psychologically.?这点份量的食物只能让人处于饥饿之中，可是我们心里上最难承受的却是极度缺水。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（非谓语动词）You could not imagine a more disturbing sight than what we looked like?when arriving in Timor?over forty days after being set loose in our small boat.?你简直无法想像我们被放在小船上漂泊了40天后在帝汶岛登陆时的凄惨样子。（新人教必修9Unit2P18）
●（非谓语动词）At that time, there were?restrictions on?the movement of Europeans and so, in order to travel?unnoticed, he developed his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man,?even shaving his head in the Chinese style.?那时候，欧洲人在中国的活动受到种种限制，因此为了在旅行中不引起别人注意，他努力使自己的汉语讲得很流利，并且穿着中国人的服装，甚至像中国人一样削发（留辫）。（新人教必修9Unit4P33）
●（非谓语动词）This invention,?called the Wardian case, allowed plants to be transported on long journeys.?（新人教必修9Unit4P32）这项发明被称为沃德箱，可以用来进行远距离的植物运输。
●（非谓语动词）Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often?facing many dangers?including disease,near-starvation, severe environments and conflicts with the local people.?勇敢的年轻人借机进行植物探索活动，他们常常面临许多危险，如疾病、饥饿、严酷的环境以及同当地居民的冲突。（新人教必修9Unit4P32）
●（非谓语动词）You might think that with all these dangerous animals Australia is an unsafe place?to live in or visit. However, this is?far from?the truth.?澳大利亚有这么多的危险动物，你也许会认为到这里居住或到这里旅游很不安全。但事实并非如此。（新人教必修9Unit3P28）
●（非谓语动词）With so many messages from advertisers filling our daily lives, it is important?to understand?how advertisements work.?我们的日常生活中充满了众多的广告信息，可见了解广告如何发挥作用是很重要的事情。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（非谓语动词）Having identified the target group, researchers find out as much as possible about those in the target group, such as their likes and dislikes, and how the product would?fit into?their lives.?明确了广告的目标群体后，研究人员就会尽量收集这个群体的有关信息，例如他们的好恶，以及如何使产品适应他们的生活。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（非谓语动词）However,?it would be no use advertising products on radio?if the ad?relies on?visual effects.?但是，如果一项产品的广告要依靠视觉效果，那么它在收音机里播出就毫无意义了。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
●（非谓语动词）On the other hand,?being constantly exposed to advertisements?can help to change our opinions over time.?另一方面，经常处于广告的包围中，我们的想法有可能随着时间的流逝而变化。（新人教必修9Unit5P43）
●（非谓语动词）A consumer can?complain?to the organization,?giving reasons for their complaint, and if the complaint is correct, the organization can make the company stop?using the offending advertisement.?消费者可以向这个机构投诉，提出投诉的理由，如果投诉是正确的，该机构可以责令该公司停止使用这种令人不愉快的广告。（新人教必修9Unit5P49）
●（非谓语动词）At 12 years old she won a Guinness Record when she became the youngest female?to win the women's world title?for platform diving at the World Championships in Australia in 1991.?1991年，12岁的伏明霞就获得了一项吉尼斯纪录，当时她参加了在澳大利亚举行的跳台跳水世界锦标赛，成为最年轻的女子世界冠军。（新人教必修9Unit1P8）
●（非谓语动词）She retired from diving after Atlanta and went to study economics at university. While there she decided to make a comeback and went on to compete at the Sydney Olympic Games, where she won her fourth Olympic gold, again?making Olympic history.?在亚特兰大之后，伏明霞退役，到大学里学习经济。读书期间，她决定复出参加悉尼奥运会，结果她又获得了自己的第四枚奥运金牌，再次改写了奥运会历史。（新人教必修9Unit1P8）
●（非谓语动词）His heart racing, and tears filling his eyes,?Jack carefully unlocked the box.?杰克心跳加快，双眼含泪，小心翼翼地打开这个盒子。（2008江苏卷阅读D）
●（非谓语动词）Complete with “red carpet” interviews and various awards, the festival has much?in common with?events for more experienced moviemakers,?except for?the age of the participants: about 8 to 18.?有“红毯”采访和各种奖项，这个电影节除了参与者的年龄是大约8至18岁，它与有更有经验的制片人参与的电影节有许多共同之处。（2008山东卷阅读A）
●（非谓语动词）In no time,?the Del Monte Gold?took the market by storm,?rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety,?and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth,?up until then only found in tinned pineapple.?德尔蒙金菠萝立刻占有了市场，很快成为世界上销售最好的菠萝，吃到嘴里有一种天然的甜味，在那之前，只有罐装菠萝才有这种味儿。（2008全国I卷阅读B）
●（非谓语动词）My earliest memories of my father are of a tall, handsome successful man?devoted to his work and family, but uncomfortable with his children.??我对父亲的最早的记忆是一个个子高的英俊的成功男士，热爱工作和家庭，但是和孩子么在一起时让人不舒服。2008全国I卷阅读A?
●（非谓语动词）In spite of?ups and downs, she never take her fate lying down. In her splendid life, she has won an amazing eleven gold medals, four silvers and one bronze in series of Paralympics- a top lever athletic career?covering two decades.?尽管有起起伏伏，她从来不甘心接受命运，在她辉煌的生命中，她在一系列的残疾人运动会中，令人惊喜地赢得11枚金牌，4枚银牌和一枚铜牌，长达20年她的运动生涯达到顶峰。（2008福建卷阅读 A）
●（非谓语动词）For example, there're the obvious tendency to smile?when smiled at?and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.?例如，别人朝你笑你很可能笑，有不太明显的反映惊讶，愤怒或悲伤的变化，如我们的心率和血压的变化。（2008湖南卷阅读C）
●（非谓语动词）Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public?tends to?base its consumption(消费) on the interest of celebrity?attached to?any given product.?粉丝过去会对一部具体的电影而疯狂，但是现在，公众倾向于把消费建立在与某种指定的产品有联系的名人的兴趣上。（2008湖南卷阅读D）
●（非谓语动词）The hotels themselves will vary greatly----from being quite simple in the early days to huge luxury structure at a later date.，从早期的非常简洁到后来的结构豪华，这些宾馆本身很不一样。（2008江西卷阅读E）
●（非谓语动词）The best way?to get rid of a negative serf-image?is?to realize?that your image?is?far from?objective, and to actively?convince yourself of?your positive qualities.?摆脱负面的自我形象的最好办法是意识到你的形象远远不是客观的，同时积极的使你相信自己或者你的积极的品质。（2008广东卷阅读 B）
●（非谓语动词）Their study found that theobromine,?found in cocoa, was nearly a third more effective in stopping coughs than codeine, which was considered the best cough medicine at present.?他们的研究发现可可含有的可可碱治疗咳嗽的有效性比可待因高三分之一，可待因目前被认为是最好的治咳嗽的药。（2008全国II卷阅读 D）
●（非谓语动词）Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and?judging from?the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army,?I’m not alone in my opinion.?根据我的经验，慢跑是最被人高估的运动形式，从退出我们的慢跑大军的人数判断，不只是我有这种观点。（2008浙江阅读D）
非谓语动词
??（非谓语动词）Supported by his academic research,?Professor Salovey?suggests?that when predicting someone’s future?success,?their?character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter?more than?their?IQ. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
萨洛维教授在他学术研究的基础上提出, 在预测一个人未来的成功时, 他的性格,即通过情商测验来衡量, 也许比他的智商更为重要.
??(非谓语动词) ?To?get ahead?in the world and lead a happy?successful?life?means?getting on with?other people and being able to understand and?react to situations?in the best way possible.??(北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 1 EQ:IQ)
在这个世界中生存并快乐的生活意味着能够与其他人很好的相处, 能够理解形势并以最好的方式作出反应.
??(非谓语动词) ?I?couldn’t help laughing at?this and?I?invited her back to my apartment for a quick cup of tea. (北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 4 First Impressions)
我禁不住笑了, 然后我邀请她去我家喝杯茶.
??(非谓语动词) ?Pliny described a cloud?coming down the mountain, blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path, including whole villages and towns.?(M6 Unit 16 lesson 1 Stories form History)
普利尼描述，当时一团云自山颠而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处，包括整座村庄和城市，统统吞没。
??(非谓语动词/定语从句)??Having scared the little beings, I?began?struggling to?get loose and?managed to?break the strings that tied my left arm and slightly moved the strings?that tied down my hair.?(北师大版M6 Unit 17 Communication Workshop )
吓跑了小人，我开始挣扎以使绳子松开，终于挣断了绑着左臂的绳子，并轻轻地解开绑着头发的绳子。
??（非谓语动词）?Inspired by this,?I decided to realize my dream,?even though?some of my family members and my doctor?were against?it.?(2011年北京卷 阅读A)
受到启发, 我决定去实现我的梦想, 即使我的一些家人和医生反对.
??(非谓语动词) ?Cats and dogs can learn how to read each other’s body signals,?suggesting?that the two may?have more in common?than was previously?suspected.?(2011年广东卷阅读 B )
猫和狗能够学会如何读懂对方的身体信号, 表明两者拥有的共同之处比先前猜想的要多.
??(非谓语动词) ??Noticing that the driver was?struggling to see through?the snow covering the windshield,?she?found herself wondering?why there?couldn’t be a built-in device for?cleaning the window. (2011年江苏卷 阅读A)
注意到司机要很费力的透过覆盖在挡风玻璃上的雪向外看，她不禁想为什么不能有一个内置的设备来清除雪呢。
??(非谓语动词) ?Shay didn’t?make it to?another summer and died that winter,?having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her?little?hero of the day!?（2011年江苏卷 阅读D）
Shay 在那一年的冬天死了，没有活到第二年的夏天，他永远也忘不掉自己当英雄以及让自己的爸爸如此高兴，跑回家看到含泪的妈妈抱住这个小英雄的场景。
??(非谓语动词) ?For example, many companies now have to?invest?a lot of money in information technology and staff training?in order to cope with?the?“phone rage”?–caused by delays in answering calls, being?cut off?in mid-conversation or?left waiting for long periods.?(2011年浙江卷 阅读C)
例如，许多公司现在不得不在信息技术和职员培训上投资很多钱以便处理电话投诉----未及时接电话、谈话中线路中断或让等候太久-
??(非谓语动词)??To?get rid of?alcohol from the body?is a very slow process and?it is not possible to?speed it up with any measures like taking a shower or having a cup of tea or coffee. (2011年福建卷 阅读A)
把酒精从体内消除是个缓慢的过程，也不可能通过任何措施如洗澡或喝杯茶或咖啡来加速其消除的过程。
??(非谓语动词) ?In the fall of 1985, I was a bright-eyed girl?heading off to?Howard University,?aiming at?a legal career and?dreaming of?sitting on a Super Court bench Somewhere.?(2011年天津卷 阅读B)
1985年的秋天，我兴致勃勃地去哈佛大学学习，目的是从事法律工作并梦想着坐在某处最高法院的法官席上。
??(非谓语动词)?In?addition to?encouraging reading as a pursuit to be enjoyed by all,?the program?allows strangers to?communicate by?discussing the book on the bus,?as well as?promoting reading as an experience to be shared in families and schools.?(2011年天津卷 阅读C)
除了鼓励把阅读当作所有的人的一种追求外，这个项目还允许陌生人在汽车上通过讨论交流，同时宣传把阅读当作家庭和学校共享的一次体验。
??(非谓语动词) Renting your home out as a?“film set”?could earn you hundreds of pounds a day,?depending on?the film production company and how long you home is needed.?(2011年四川卷 阅读B)
把房子租出去当电影摄影场能让你一天挣数百磅，这取决于电影公司和你的租期。
非谓语动词
??(非谓语动词) ?Some modern art is abstract;?that is,?the painter doesn’t?attempt to?paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead?concentrates on?certain qualities of the object,?using color, line and shape to represent them.?(人教版?M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征， 用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。
??(非谓语动词) ?Henry Clay Frick, a rich New Yorker, died in 1919,?leaving his house,?furniture?and art collection to the American people.?(人教版?M 6 Unit 1 The Best Of Manhattan’s Art Galleries )
亨利 克莱 弗里克 是纽约的一位富豪，于1919年去世，把他的房子、家具和艺术收藏品全部留给了美国人民。
??(非谓语动词) ?Sometimes working outdoors, sometimes in an office,?sometimes?using scientific instruments in my work and sometimes meeting with local people and tourists,?I am never bored. (人教版?M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
??(非谓语动词) ?Having collected and evaluated the information,?I?help?other scientists to?predict?where lava from the volcano will flow nest and how fast it will flow. (人教版?M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
收集和评估了这些信息之后，我就帮助其他科学家一起预测下次火上熔岩将流往何处，流速是多少。
??(非谓语动词) ??Having?experienced?quite a few earthquakes in Hawaii already,?I didn’t?take much notice. (人教版?M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
因为我在夏威夷曾经经历过多次地震,?所以对这种声音我并不在意.
??(非谓语动词) ??The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study, but?this being my first experience, I stayed at the top and watched them. (人教版?M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
另外两个人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆,?我是第一次经历这样的事,?所以留在山顶上观察他们.
??(非谓语动词)??Having studied volcanoes now for?more than?twenty years,?I?am still amazed at?their beauty?as well as?their potential to cause great damage. (人教版?M 6 Unit 5 An Exciting Job )
虽然我从事火山研究很多年了,?但是我对火山的壮丽景色以及它那潜在的巨大破坏力至今仍然感到惊愕不已.
??(非谓语动词) ??Worried about?the preparations for the feast,?Lala quickly turned for home with her collection of nuts, melons and other fruits.?（人教版?M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC?）
拉拉担心她这次盛宴的准备工作，所以赶紧把坚果和水果收拾起来就快步回家了。
??(非谓语动词) ?Having heard wolves howling in the forest,?Lala?accelerated?her walk up the path to the caves?fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.?（人教版?M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC?）
拉拉沿着回洞穴的路走着，她的步伐加快了，担心会有野兽在等她。
? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??
3、?情态动词和虚拟语气
??????????????????????????????????虚拟语气
??（虚拟语气）?If Jenny hadn’t been?a kind person who was willing to forgive my shortcomings,?I?would never have experienced such true friendship.?(北师大版M5 Unit 13 lesson 4 First Impressions)
如果詹妮不是这么善良和宽容我的缺点的话, 我就不会经历这段真正的友谊.
??（虚拟语气）?In the past,?if someone like me had?failed to?get into?university?through the college exam,?he would have?had no chance of?getting?a degree.?(北师大版M5 Unit 15 Lesson 1 Life-long Learning)
过去，像我这样不能通过高考而进入大学的人士没有机会拿到学位的。
??（虚拟语气）?Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team, but the father also understood that?if his son, mentally and physically disabled, were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.?(2011年江苏卷 阅读D)
Shay 的爸爸明白大多数孩子是不想让Shay这样的孩子在队里的， 但他的爸爸也明白如果他残障的孩子被允许打球，这会给他急需的归属感和自信。
??（虚拟语气）?Had Yeats stopped writing at age 40,?he would probably now be valued as a minor poet,?for there is no other example in literary history of a poet who produces his greatest works between the ages of 50 and 75.?(2011年重庆卷 阅读D)
如果叶芝在40岁停止写作，现在他有可能被认为是个二流诗人，因为在文学史上没有人能在50岁和75岁写出最伟大的作品。
??(虚拟语气)??If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, people would not have?been able to?paint such realistic pictures. (人教版?M6 Unit 1 A Short History of Western Painting)
如果没有发现透视法，人们就不可能画出如此逼真的画。
??(虚拟语气)??If only?it could be just like last year?!?（人教版?M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC?）
要是能像去年那样就好了！
??(虚拟语气)???If only?she had looked ahead and planned better this year !?（人教版?M 8 Unit 5 The Feast : 18,000 BC?）
她要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
1.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）I believe Shackleton must have?mourned?this unexpected end to his expedition, but he did not?waste?time?on?regrets. (新人教版必修10 Unit1 P3)?我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险意想不到的结局而痛心，但他没有把时间浪费在遗憾和悔恨中。
2.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）Normally?we would have been only?too happy, as it would have?guaranteed?us a seat for the whole journey. But not today! (新人教版必修10 Unit3 P22)?通常情况下，我们只会欣喜若狂，因为这会保证我们全程都有座位。但不是今天！
3.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）If your pride hasn’t been hurt by my honest?confession?and?if I had flattered you, it might have been different. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47)?如果我的坦诚相告没有伤到你的自尊，如果我阿谀奉承你，事情可能就会完全不同了。
4.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）It?spared?me any?concern?I might have felt in refusing you?if you had behaved more like a gentleman. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47)?如果你的举止更像一个绅士的话，在拒绝你时，我可能感到不自在，而现在这省掉了我的一切不自在。
5.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）I have to?speak out, my Lord.?I would rather lose my life than see you make such a mistake.?(新人教版必修10 Unit2 P13)?我必须要讲清楚，陛下。我宁愿丢掉性命也不愿意看到您犯下如此严重的错误。
6.?（情态动词和虚拟语气/动词的时态和语态）Tony?suggested?that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before?he was to leave and Larry was to return. (新人教版必修7 Unit2?P11)?托尼建议克莱尔邀请格拉迪斯和她的朋友到家里来玩，时间就定在托尼离去和拉里回家之前的那个晚上。
7.?(情态动词和虚拟语气) They?spend half their time?thinking up ways?of getting rich, and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do?once they got rich. (北师大版M4 U10 L1) ?他们花了一半的时间梦想致富的方法，而另一半的时间则在琢磨他们一旦富起来后要做的事情。
8.?(情态动词和虚拟语气) But do all?millionaires?find the happiness that they thought they would get when they?achieve their goals? (北师大版M4 U10 L1)?但是，是否所有百万富翁真正得到了他们实现目标前所期盼的幸福呢？
9.?(情态动词和虚拟语气) Without the?breakthroughs?of these?pioneers?in science and technology, whether lucky or planned, the world?as we know it today?would have been a completely different place. (北师大版M7 U20 L3)?没有这些科技先驱们的发现，不管是由于幸运还是有所计划，我们今天所熟悉的这个世界将会完全是完全不同的世界。
10.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）“Don’t be silly, Ben.?If she were a witch, she would have turned us into frogs already,”?reasoned?Meg.?(2009年江西卷阅读A)别傻了，Ben，要是她真是女巫，她早施魔法把我们都变成青蛙了。
11.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）We?may well?think that we should go to school?due to?social custom and parents’?demand?rather than?to the law.??(2009年湖北卷阅读C)??我们可能认为，我们应该去上学由于社会习俗和家长的要求，而不是法律的规定。
12.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）Without the forest cover，these areas would?reflect?more heat into the atmosphere,?warming the rest of the world.(2009年安徽卷阅读E)?没有雨林的覆盖，这些地区在大气中将会吸收到更多热量，使剩余的世界温度升高。
13.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）?Some social scientists?suggest that Westerners should?take advantages of?the ancient Chinese wisdom to?make up for?the?drawbacks?of Westerners philosophy. (2012年辽宁卷阅读B)??有些社会科学家建议，西方人应该利用古代中国人的智慧来弥补西方哲学体系当中的不足。
14.?（情态动词和虚拟语气）As I got older, my mom helped me?unlock?the mysteries?that would otherwise have paralyzed?my first attempts to do it myself. (2012年湖北卷阅读B)?当我长大些时，妈妈帮我解开了这些秘密，要不然的话，它们也就阻止我亲自进行最初的尝试了。
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Protest groups are?insisting?that some of our money?be given?to the third world.?抵制组织坚持要把我们的一部分钱分给第三世界国家。(北师大版M8 U24L1)
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）As a society,?it’s high time that?we?took these issues more seriously.?作为整个社会来讲，我们早应该认真考虑这些问题了。(北师大版M8 U24L1)
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Something terrible?must have happened?if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.?要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Perhaps we?ought to?combine?our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.?也许我们应该把我们的想法综合起来，作出一份富于营养、热量和纤维的平衡食谱。（新人教必修3Unit2P15）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）By now his restaurant ought to be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could
have happened??到了这个时候，他的餐馆本该宾客盈门的，但今天却不是！为什么会这样？发生了什么事？（新人教版必修3Unit1P10）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）We?may well?wonder how seamen explored the oceans before latitude and longitude made it possible to plot a ship's position on a map.?我们很可能感到奇怪，在经纬度被用来在地图上标出船只位置之前，海员是如何对海洋进行探索的。（新人教必修9Unit2P12）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）I wish you?could see?this amazing rock.?真希望你能亲眼看到这块令人惊叹的岩石。（新人教必修9Unit3P23）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）Their money?would be?wasted if the message?didn't reach its target audience,?in other words?the people the advertisement?intends?to persuade.?如果信息不能传达给它的目标群体，也就是广告意图说服的人群的话，那么他们的钱就白花了。（新人教必修9Unit5P42）
●（情态动词和虚拟语气）If well-known people are used in advertisements, they?must be honest and truthful?about products they advertise.?如果广告中用到名人，那么他们必须对所宣传的产品确保诚信。（新人教必修9Unit5P49）
??I wouldn’t be in this business if it weren’t for him.??要不是因为他我不会干这一行。(2008阅读江苏卷阅读D)
5、定语从句
1.?（定语从句）At first,?in spite of?disliking him, she did not?discount?his?affection, and was?sensitive?to the pain she was going to cause him when she?declined?his feelings. (新人教版必修10 Unit5 P47)?起初，虽然不喜欢他，她并没有漠视他的爱，而且还很在意拒绝他的求婚会给他带来的痛苦。
2.?（定语从句）Asimov had both an extraordinary imagination that gave him the ability to?explore?future worlds and an?amazing?mind with which he?searched for?explanations of everything,?in the present?and the past. (新人教版必修7 Unit2?P16)?阿西莫夫不仅有着超凡的想象力，使他能够对未来世界进行探索，而且还有惊人的智力，使他能对现在的和过去的各种事物做出解释。
3.?（定语从句）Among his most famous works of?science fiction, one for which he?won an award?was “The Foundation Trilogy” (1951-1953), three stories about the death and rebirth of a great empire in a?galaxy?of the future. (新人教版必修7 Unit2?P16)?在他那些最富盛名的科幻小说中，那本获奖的书叫做《基地三部曲》（1951-1953），书有三个小故事组成，讲的是未来银河系中一个伟大帝国的灭亡与复兴。
4.?（定语从句/连词和状语从句）On the afternoon?I arrived at the station, as I was?sorting out?my?accommodation,?I heard a huge noise coming from the bay. (新人教版必修7?Unit3?P20)?有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在整理床铺的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
5.?（定语从句）She is?halfway?through the preparation year which most foreign students complete before entering a degree course. (新人教版必修7 Unit5?P38)?大多数外籍学生在进入学位课程学习之前都要学习一年的预科，而她已经读了半年了。?
6.?(定语从句)?On the border of?England and Wales, it is full of beauty with high hills,?wooded?countryside and?picturesque?towns and villages,?all of which makes it an ideal place to visit. (北师大版M7?U20 LA)?在英格兰和威尔士交界处，处处可见高高的丘陵，树林掩映的乡村和风景如画的村镇，所有这些都使得该地成为一个理想的游览地。
7.?(定语从句/状语从句) Many people fear it could be the next global?epidemic, especially as scientists who studied tissue from the bodies of people who?died of?the 1918 Spanish Flu proved that Bird Flu is a modern?adaptation?of the same virus. (北师大版M7 U21 L3)?许多人担心它会成为下一个全球性的传染病，特别是在一些科学家研究了死于1918年西班牙大流感的人的尸体组织后，证明了禽流感是同一种病毒的现代变异体。
8.?(定语从句/连词和状语从句) He discovered small areas of mist which were in fact?galaxies?like our own, millions of light years away from us, which proved that?the universe was vastly larger than had previously been thought. (北师大版M7 U20 L3)?他发现小的雾区实际上是像我们自己的星系一样的星系，离我们有几百万光年之远，这一发现证明了宇宙比我们以前想象的要大得多。
9.??(定语从句) It is a language without words that?consists of?gestures,?facial expressions?and body movements that greatly?add to?--- and sometimes even?replace?---?spoken language. (北师大版M7 U19 L3)?它是一种没有字词，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了---有时甚至取代了---口头语言。
10.??(定语从句) He?was tired of?being a person who had everything in a world where many people had nothing. (北师大版M4 U10 L1)?他不想再做在许多人一无所有的情况下自己却拥有一切的那种人。
11.?(定语从句)?For a start, it can buy you a tree, which will help make soil stay on the land. (北师大版M4 U10 L3)?首先，你可以用五元钱买一棵树，而这棵树可以使泥土不流失。
12.?(定语从句) However,?instead of?showing real, existing structures, he used photographs to?make up?imaginary structures that best?represented?the different architectural styles. (北师大版M4 U10 CC)?然而，他并没有展现真实存在的建筑结构，而是用照片聚合成一个想象中的最能代表不同建筑风格的结构图。
13.?（定语从句）One of the things I have done this year is to?relate?my teaching?to?contemporary?events?in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done.?(2009年山东卷阅读D)?今年我所做的一件事就是把我的教学内容与当前的经济形势联系起来，而以前通常是不这样做的。
14.?（定语从句）The moment came when?my uncle and the other soldiers, without any training but all?in uniforms, boarded the train.?(2009年湖北卷阅读A)舅和他的战友开拔的时间到了。没有经过任何的训练，穿着统一的制服，他们登上了火车。
15.?（定语从句/名词性从句）One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that?we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and?plain?when first written down.?(2009年辽宁卷阅读D)我们不喜欢读自己著作的一个原因是：当读它的时候，我们往往会感到失望，因为我们脑海中丰富的想法在初稿中却显得苍白无力。
16.?（定语从句）As you would expect from such a city,?there are restaurants serving food from around the world.?(2009年重庆卷阅读D)?正如您对此城市之期望，这儿有诸多餐馆，供给来自世界各地的食物。
17.?（定语从句）Then one of the?specialists?said?there was no reason why?I should stop training and?competing.?(2009年重庆卷阅读B)?然后有个专家说我没有道理要停止训练和比赛。
18.?●（定语从句）According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway, Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had?committed?a murder,?for which he got into trouble.?根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛。(北师大版M3 U7L1P8) ?
19.?●（定语从句）Zheng He had over 300 ships,?some of which were over 150 meters long?and could carry up to 1,000 people.?郑和有300多艘船，其中一些150多米长，能载多达1，000人。(北师大版M3 U7Culture corner)
20.?●（定语从句）Just before he died,?aged?70, Marco was asked the question,?“Was it all true?”,?to which he replied,?“I have only told a half of what I saw!”??马可波罗70岁时，在他去世之前，有人问他：“这都是真的吗？”马可波罗回答说，“我只讲了我看到的一半!”(北师大版M3 U8 L3)
21.?●（定语从句）Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships,?of?which?only 14?made it to?Greenland.?埃里克再次起航，这次带着25艘船，其中只有14艘船成功到达格陵兰。(北师大版M3 U7 L1)
22.?●（定语从句）Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric, but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land,?from where?he eventually reached Greenland.?比阿尼想加入他的父亲，他的父亲正和埃里克在一起，但是他被吹离了航线，发现自己在一个未知的岛上，从那儿他最终到了格陵兰。(北师大版M3 U7 L1P8)
23.?●（定语从句）As you can see, I did escape.?正如你所看到的，我确实逃了出来。(北师大版M3 U7 L4)
24.?●（定语从句）I was still?tied to?the barrel and the waves soon carried me to an area?where the other fishermen were.?我仍然和圆桶捆在一起，海浪很快把我带到一个地方，其他的渔夫在那儿。(北师大版M3 U7 L4)
25.?●（定语从句）Today, the Xinjiang Autonomous Region?remains?an international crossroad?where traders from surrounding countries, and tourists from all over the world regularly meet.?今天，新疆自治区仍然是国际性的十字路口，从周边国家来的商人，从世界各地来的旅游者常在这里汇合。(北师大版M3 U8 Culture corner)
26.?●（定语从句）The prisoner then wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World,?which became one of the best-selling books in Europe.?这个囚犯随后写了一本书《马可·?波罗游记》，这本书在欧洲很快成为畅销书之一。(北师大版M3 U8 L3)
27.?●（定语从句）The Silk Road got its name in the 19th?century when a German geographer?identified?it as the route?through which?the Romans got their silk from China.?在19世纪，丝绸之路得到了它的名字，当时一位德国地理学家认为罗马人从这条线路从中国买到了丝绸。(北师大版M3 U8 Culture corner)
28.?●（定语从句）Global warming?refers to?an average increase in the Earth’s temperature?that,?in turn,?leads to climate change.?全球变暖指的是地球温度平均升高，并由此导致气候发生变化。(北师大版M8U22L1)
29.?●（定语从句）This catastrophe is still very fresh in the minds of people worldwide?who have not yet?got over?their separation from loved ones lost in the tsunami.?在世界各地许多人的心目中，那场灾难任然记忆犹新，他们还没有从与海啸中丧生的亲人分离的打击中恢复过来。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
30.?●（定语从句）There are more than 300 active volcanoes,?about fifty of which erupt each year, and more than 500 million people now live within the?range?of a volcanic eruption.?三百多座活火山中有五十座火山每年都要喷发，而五亿多人生活在火山喷发的范围之内。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
31.?●（定语从句）An even greater number of people live?at risk,?to some degree, from earthquakes?which have?claimed?more than 1.6 million lives in the last hundred years.?从某种程度上说，有跟多的人处在地震的危险中，在过去的几百年间地震已经夺去了160多万人的生命。(北师大版M8 U22L3)
32.?●（定语从句）Together with other villagers they were?marched?a few hundreds metres into the village square?where they were told to sit.?他们和其他村民一起被驱赶了几百米，走进了村里的广场，被命令坐在那里。(北师大版M8 U23L3)
33.?●（定语从句）They were then able to place guards at the entrances of the various hutongs,?which made it easier?to?keep an eye on?people’s movements.?然后他们就可以在各个胡同口设置哨兵，这样更便于监督人们的活动。(北师大版M8 U24L3)
34.?●（定语从句）They were?in?time?to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases,?which were to make the earth's atmosphere.?最终产生了碳、氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。（新人教必修3

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