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高中英语词汇教学策略
语言学家Wilkings:
“Without
grammar,very
little
can
be
conveyed.
Without
vocabulary,
nothing
can
be
conveyed.”
语言学家LAUFER通过调查发现，外语学习者如拥有5000词汇量，阅读正确率可达56％，词汇量6400，阅读正确率63％，5000词汇量是个阅读所需词汇量的下限。美国语言学家DILLER作过一个统计，如果我们认得25个最常见的英文单词，那么平均每页纸上的字我们就会认识1/3,如果我们认识135个常用词，平均每页纸上的字，我们则认得50％，如果认得2500个单词，则为78％，如果5000个单词，则为86％，如果10000个单词，则为92％。他同时认为，外语学习者要想比较顺利阅读中等难度的文章，10000个词汇量是最基本的条件。他进一步指出，如果其中1000个单词是某一专业的专门词汇，那么，外语学习者在阅读有关该专业的文章时，阅读效率会更高.
20世纪末世界部分国家中学英语词汇量设置
国　家
中学词汇量
俄罗斯
9000
西班牙
6000
日本
5000
南朝鲜
5000
中国（旧大纲）
1800-2300
高中课程标准词汇总量
3600-4100
新课程标准对词汇量的要求
五级：理解和掌握1500-1600个单词和200-300
　　　个习惯用语或固定搭配；
七级：学会使用2400-2500个单词和300-400个
　　　习惯用语或固定搭配；
八级：学会使用3300个左右的单词和400-500个
　　　习惯用语或固定搭配；
九级：学会使用4500个左右的单词和一定数量
　　　的习惯用语或固定搭配。
考试说明是这样描述的：英语单词的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同的语境会有所不同。能根据上下文正确理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
思考篇
Why
to
teach
(The
importance):
WORD
The
Usage
The
spelling
The
Part
of
Speech
The
Definition
The
Connotations
The
Association
The
Pronunciation
The
Grammar
Behavior
The
derivation
The
Collocation
思考篇
What
to
teach:
To
understand
the
word
when
it’s
spoken
or
written
To
recall
it
when
you
need
it
To
use
it
with
the
correct
meaning
and
form.
To
pronounce
it
correctly
To
know
which
other
words
you
can
(or
can’t)
use
with
it
To
use
it
in
the
right
situation
To
know
if
it
has
positive
or
negative
connotations
To
know
when
and
when
not
to
use
it
思考篇
Aim
of
teaching
（1）通过周密地控制或安排阅读材料中的词汇，
使学生接触?目标词汇；
（2）在生词自然出现时介绍词汇的意思；
（3）把词汇教学与其他教学活动结合?起来；
（4）单独的词汇教学活动。我们可以把这些方法作为高中英语词汇教学的“宏观策?略”来指导我们的实践。
实践篇
How
should
vocabulary
be
taught?:
语词汇教学研究者对词汇教学的途径取得了广泛的共识:
一是直接教学法，即以词汇教学为教学目标，对词的结构、意义和用法进行分析、讲解和操练。其优点是效率比较高，不足之处是学生从语境中猜测词义的机会较少。
二是间接教学法，即通过阅读、听说等活动，间接地达到扩大词汇量的目的。其优点是学生可以从多种不同的语境中学习词汇的意义和用法，缺点是不够集中，效率较低。
实践篇
How
should
vocabulary
be
taught?:
策略一：发掘同根词，掌握构词法常识。
策略二：分类强化
，关注特殊，重点突破。
策略三：重视熟词生义/新性适度拓展
策略四：重视具体语境下的词汇应用训练。
策略五：坚持不懈，持之以恒：每日5-10分钟；阅读中积累、增加词汇量；
策略六：词汇扩展本：对于复习阶段在阅读等中遇到的生词，要及时摘抄到词汇扩展本上，并不时复习、巩固。
策略七：
与时俱进，使用一些网络背单词工具，比如百词斩，扇贝打卡等。
Hold住高分策略
实践篇
How
should
vocabulary
be
taught?:
进行词汇教学的实践:
1.实践课例一：用上下文学习和掌握词义
2.实践课例二：幽默联想找单词间规律，自编自用
3.实践课例三：用头脑风暴和思维导图建词汇库
4.实践课例四：外形联想法记忆
5.实践课例五：用多手段加大语言输入，巩固和扩大词汇
6.实践课例六：配情景图片、用真实语境，促词汇活用
7.实践课例七：在任务型教学中促学词汇
My
parents
are
presenting
the
people
present
with
presents
at
present.
The
boy
laying
the
table
lied
that
the
hen
lying
there
had
just
laid
two
big
eggs.
The
sleeping
child
is
sound
asleep
now,
so
by
the
time
he
is
awake,
he
won’t
feel
sleepy.
Example1:
一词多义
说
（say
,
speak
,
tell
,
talk
）
explain
repeat
shout
whisper
add
report
reply
(answer)
continue
announce
declare
suggest
/advise
murmur
demand
agree
refuse
complain
imply
admit
解释说
重复说
大声说
低声说
补充说
报告说
暗示说
回答说
承认说
埋怨说
继续说
拒绝说
要求说
宣布说
同意说
咕哝说
宣布说
建议说
Example2:
“说”的表达方式
(一义多词)
Example2:
“说”的表达方式
(一义多词)
静
Quiet
Calm
Still
Silent
Example3:
词汇教学语境化
Today
is
my
birthday.
When
I
came
home
with
a
light
heart（adj.轻松的）,
my
parents
were
busy
preparing
dinner.
The
light
in
the
room
was
poor（n.
光线）,
so
I
turned
on
the
lights（n.灯）.
Now
our
room
was
bright
with
all
the
lights
on.
（n.
灯）Soon
dinner
was
ready.
My
father
turned
off
the
lights（n.
灯）and
lighted（v.点燃）the
candles
on
the
cake
which
lit
up
（v.照亮，使明亮）the
room.
Light
music（轻音乐）
was
played.
I
prayed
for
my
dream.
When
I
opened
my
eyes,
the
lights（n.
灯）
were
on
again.
In
my
mother’s
hand
lay
a
present
which
was
a
light（adj.轻的）
silk
scarf
with
a
light
(adj.浅色的，淡色的)
blue
flower
in
the
middle.
How
beautiful
it
was!
How
happy
I
was!
1.
Negroes
and
heroes
like
to
eat
potatoes
and
tomatoes
from
the
volcanoes.
2.
There
is
a
mutton
and
a
button
at
the
bottom
of
the
bottle.
3.
Does
your
lover
love
your
glove?
4.
Believe
it
or
not,the
sweat
in
my
sweater
is
sweet,
so
I’d
like
to
eat
it.
5.
恐怖分子飞机clash了世贸大厦，飞机crash了，
世贸smash了，变成了ash，小Bush感到很abash，
因为他需要很多cash。
Example1:幽默地利用联想，
找单词之间规律，自编自用
冬日找工作
空气中透着chill(寒意)
吞下了两颗pill(药丸)
出门走去woolen
mill(毛纺厂)
一定把梦想fulfill(实现)
心里激动身体thrill(发抖)
牛奶不慎被spill(洒落)
唉!天不从人will(意愿)
还是卖肉回家grill(烧烤)
先把肚子fulfill(填满)
犒劳自己
鼓起极大的nerve(勇气)
把豪华酒店reserve(预定)
享受专人来serve(伺候)
这一切我都deserve(值得)
Example2:规律词幽默串烧，自编自用
潇洒活一把
生活别把人rely(依靠)
自己的信念comply(遵守)
喜欢的职位apply(申请)
自由自在butterfly(蝴蝶)
Example3:规律词幽默串烧，自编自用
村长选举
村里正在elect(选举)
要把村长select(挑选)
民意正在collect(搜集)
讲的虽是dialect(方言)
内容不能neglect(忽视)
祝英台的心愿
梁兄是我classmate(同班同学)
平日与我intimate(亲密的)
对我十分considerate(体贴的)
梦想成为他的mate(配偶)
可在离别的date(日子)
他却把我irritate(激怒)
未成心愿ultimate(最终的)
只能说成：“That's
fate(命运)！”
Example4:规律词幽默串烧，自编自用
friendship
F:
R:
E:
N:
D:
S:
H:
I:
P:
faithful
frank
friendly
fair
real
reliable
responsible
respectful
easy-going
everlasting
encouraging
equal
nice
noble
devoted
determined
dynamic
sincere
secure
selfless
smart
helpful
honest
hopeful
independent
inspiring
polite
patient
pleasant
Example1
一词辐射
husband
H:
U:
S
:
B:
A:
N:
D:
Housing
Understanding
sharing
buying
and
never
demanding
Example1
一词辐射
Then
what
about
“wife”?
Washing
Ironing
Food
Entertainment
Wife
What
to
take
when
traveling?
backpack
suitcase
credit
card
ID
cards/passports
a
cell
phone
some
food
medicine
camera
an
atlas
compass
umbrella
mobile
phone
match
Example2:中心主题的“顺藤摸瓜”
1.amaze/amuze
2.bound/round
3.brave/grave
4.bunch/brunch
5.block/black
6.peach/beach
7.blood/flood
8.insect/insert
9.adopt/adpat
10.gain/pain
11.award/aware
12.tough/rough
13.concept/concert
14.content/context
15.certain/curtain
16.dawn/down
17.tour/pour
18.patent/patient
Example1:利用相似“长相”
只有lank瘦又长,
b在lank前变空格(blank)
f在lank前是侧翼(flank)
p在lank前厚木板(plank)
lank
变rank是排名
前面加C是曲柄(crank)
前面加f真坦白(frank)
前面加p才是恶作剧(prank)
Example2:利用相似“长相”
A.动词过去式、过去分词、现在分词的特殊变化形式
light
(
lit,lit
或
-ed,-ed
)
v,
n
&
a
hang
(
hung,
hung
或
–ed，-ed
)
v
wind
(
wound,
wound
或-ed,
-ed
)
occurred
;
referred
;
preferred
;
banned;
picnic
---
picnicked
/
picnicking)
；
deal---dealt---dealt
beat
---
beat
---
beaten
注意:
offer
---
offered
B.
词形变化不同，用法或意义不同的。如：
分类强化
，关注特殊，重点突破
高考英语词汇复习Hold住高分
1.根据上下文关系猜词
Unlike
his
brother,
who
is
truly
a
handsome
man,
John
is
quite
homely．
“homely”
means
“
”.
A.Comfortable
B.
familiar
C.
easy
D.
Ugly
2.根据词性转化
Many
people
crowded
the
house.
To
our
relief,
the
government
housed
the
victims
right
after
the
earthquake.
A.关注熟词生义、适度拓展。
高考英语词汇复习Hold住高分
3
.根据构词法
But
child
experts
are
now
learning
about
that
too
much
praise
can
lead
to
the
opposite
effect.
Praise-aholic
kids
who
expect
it
at
every
turn
may
become
teens
who
seek
the
same
kind
of
approval
from
their
friends.
Tired
of
being
praised
B.
Worthy
of
being
praised
C.
Very
proud
of
being
praised
D.
Extremely
fond
of
being
praised
高考英语词汇复习Hold住高分
A.关注熟词生义、适度拓展。
4
.平时注意积累常见词不常见义
(Book1
Unit5
Nelson
Mandela）
(Book8
unit4
Pygmalion)
(Book7
Unit4
Sharing)
The
last
30
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
our
rights
and
progress.
I
know
you’re
dying
to
hear
all
about
my
life
here,
so
I’ve
included
some
photos
which
will
help
you
picture
the
places
I
talk
about.
You
can
place
a
man
by
just
a
few
remarks.
高考英语词汇复习Hold住高分
A.关注熟词生义、适度拓展。
1)can
(modal
v)
;
can
(n)
;
2)close
(v)
;
close
(a&ad)
3)fair
(a)
;
fair
(n.)
4)firm
(n.)
;
firm
(a)
5)flat
(n)
;
flat
(a)
6)
fall
(fell,
fallen)
(v)
;
fall
(Am)
=
autumn
7)kind
(n)
;
kind
(a)
8)
fly
(flew,
flown)
(v)
;
fly
(n)
B.关注18对“熟词新性”的词
高考英语词汇复习Hold住高分
9)
lie
(n
&
v)
;
lie
(lay,
lain)
(v)
10)
miss
(v)
;miss
(n)
11)
mine
(pron)
;
mine
(n
&
v)
12)
make
(made,
made)
(v)
;
make
(n)
13)patient
(n)
;
patient
(a)
14)post
(n)
;
post
(v
&
n)
15)present
(a
&
v
)
;
present
(n)
16)
tear
(tore,
torn)
(v);
tear
(n)
17)
bow
(v)
;
bow
(n)
18)press
(v)
;
press
(n)
高考英语词汇复习Hold住高分
B.关注18对“熟词新性”的词
词组教学为难点重点！
艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线
遗忘先慢后快的规律
4小时
9小时
1.及时强化原则
词汇记得快，忘得也快，能否及时复习关系重大。根据“艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线”的遗忘先快后慢的规律，学生记忆过的词汇在4小时，最迟在9小时内一定要复习一遍。培养学生养成及时的复习强化的习惯是词汇教学成功的关键。
Kachroo(1962)研究发现，要成功地记住一个生词，学生至少得连续遇到它七次，而Saragi
et
a1(1978)则指出不断地碰到一个单词16次之后，学生才能自然地记住它。在中国学生不具备广泛阅读的条件下，定期复习加深记忆显得更为重要。
2.学以致用原则
学以致用的四个主要途径
一、用刚学过的单词造句或在口语或写作中运用；
二、持之以恒的课外阅读；视频，美剧，歌曲。
三、做适量的词汇题和其他类型的典型试题；
四、适量的汉译英练习（Chinglish现象）；
五、写英语日记。
Make
up
a
story
using
the
words
in
the
unit.
Book7
unit
2
Robots
Sympathy,
satisfaction,
accompany,
elegant,
awful,
divorce,
imagine,
obey,
envy,
declare.
One
possible
version.
My
best
friend
Tom
is
in
an
awful
state
recently
because
his
parents
got
divorced.
When
I
heard
Tom
declare
the
news,
I
can’t
imagine
my
ears.
Tom’s
mother
was
an
elegant
lady
who
always
obeyed
his
father’s
orders.
I
used
to
envy
Tom
his
beautiful
and
kind
mother.
Now,
as
his
best
friend,
I
feel
obliged
to
accompany
him
and
show
my
sympathy
for
him.
To
my
satisfaction,
Tom
recovers
from
the
terrible
mood
quite
soon.

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