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课件543张PPT。 中考英语（广东专用）第三部分 阅读理解
专题十八　阅读理解Passage 1(2019广东,A)
　　Bullying(欺凌)can happen to anyone. A great many children around the world are bullied every year, but there are things that can be done to help.A组　2015—2019年广东中考题组What is bullying?
Bullying is when someone makes you feel bad or hurts you again and again. Bullying can
happen at school, out of school and online. Bullying includes:
·calling people mean(恶意的)names
·laughing at people·telling lies about people
·taking someone's things without permission(允许)
·not letting someone play in a group
·hitting peopleWhat is cyberbullying?
Cyberbullying includes:
·sending bad messages online
·sharing photos online without permission·not letting someone be part of an online
group
·spreading lies onlineWhat can you do?
If someone is not kind to you, tell an adult that you know and like. For example, talk to a
parent or a teacher.If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher, your family,
or the police. Ask an adult for help. Don't share something before you make sure it is true. That will help
stop the cyberbullying.
Talk to your parents or teacher or an adult if you see bullying or if you are worried about a friend.
Say sorry if you are not kind to someone. You can write a message or talk to the person. And always
remember: think about how to be kind in the future.
For more information, visit our home page at www. kidsworld.com.
1.According to the passage, the following are bullying EXCEPT　　????.
A.calling people mean names
B.hitting people
C.telling lies about people
D.laughing with people
2.Cyberbullying means bullying　　????.
A.at school　　B.at home
C.on the street　　D.on the Internet
3.When you get bad messages online, you should　　????.
A.share them with friends
B.give them to your teacherC.reply to them at once
D.keep them as your secrets
4.If you are not kind to someone, you should　　????.
A.say sorry to him
B.talk about it in public
C.ask your parents to say sorry
D.feel sad and keep quiet
5.This passage is mainly written for　　????.
A.teachers　　B.parents　　C.children　　D.the police答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,内容是关于欺凌的。文章说明了欺凌的定义和欺凌发生的常见情况,还有网络欺凌所包含的内容。文章最后告诉我们如何避免欺凌以及当欺凌发生的时候,我们能做些什么。
1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段关于欺凌的定义和内容的描述,A、B和C选项均有提到,故选D。
2.D　细节理解题。根据文中关于网络欺凌内容的描述可知,网络欺凌是通过互联网进行的,故选D。
3.B　细节理解题。根据文章中的If you get bad messages, don't reply. You should save them and give them to your teacher...可知,收到不良信息,应该保存下来,交给老师、家人或警察,故选B。
4.A　细节理解题。根据文章中的Say sorry if you are not kind to someone.可知,如果你对某人不友好,就要说“对不起”,故选A。
5.C　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中A great many children around the world are bullied every year可知,全世界范围内每天有很多孩子被欺凌,且文章里用的第二人称you指代的就是children, 故选C。
重点词汇　around the world 全世界　laugh at 嘲笑　tell lies撒谎　without permission 未经允许　make sure确保 Passage 2(2019广东,B)
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot?There are some important characteristics(特征)that a robot must have. These charac-teristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics:
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give your robot sen-sors(传感器):light sensors(eyes), touch sensors(hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears)and taste sensors(tongue).
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight; some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of“smarts”. A programmer is the person who gives the robot its “smarts”. The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
1.The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 is about　　????.
A.the toy　　B.the characteristic
C.the machine　　D.the engine
2.The chemical sensors may help a robot to　　????.
A.see　　B.catch　　C.hear　　D.smell
3.In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?
A.Two.　　B.Three.
C.Four.　　D.Five.4.The Chinese meaning of“Intelligence”in the last paragraph is　　????.
A.能源　　B.勤奋
C.智能　　D.外观
5.What is the main purpose of the passage?
A.To help people understand what a robot is.
B.To tell what a robot can do in our life.
C.To describe the movement of a robot.
D.To introduce the history of robots.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是机器人,以及机器人的主要特征。
1.C　细节理解题。it为代词,往往指代前文提到的名词。机器人首先应该是一个机器,当这台机器具备了一些重要特征后,就会被认为是机器人。根据it前后的语境可知,it指代前面的a machine, 故选C。
2.D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的chemical sensors(nose)可知选D。
3.B　细节理解题。根据文章第五段关于机器人特征之一Energy(能量)的描述,机器人为自己提供动力的方式有3种:with sunlight, with electricity和with the battery, 故选B。
4.C　词义猜测题。根据文章第六段第一句可知,机器人需要某种“聪明”。这一句事实上是对 Intelli-gence 的阐释,故选C。
5.A　主旨大意题。本文第二段的第一句But what exactly is a robot?事实上是一个过渡句,起着承上启下的作用,文章的主要目的就是向读者介绍什么是机器人以及机器人的主要特征,以便让人们对机器人有一个全面的了解,故选A。长难句
The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.机器人得有某种接收程序的方式,以便知道它将要做什么。
本句是一个主从复合句。so that 引导目的状语从句,what引导的宾语从句作动词knows的宾语。Passage 3(2019广东,C)
配对阅读。左栏是五位学生打算成立俱乐部时所遇到的问题,右栏是相应的建议,请为左栏的每位学生选择一个合适的建议。1. ?? ??　2.　　????　3.　　????4.　　????　5.　　????答案
[语篇解读]　本篇属于信息配对类阅读,内容是为打算成立俱乐部但遇到了问题的五位学生选择适合他们的建议。
1.D　本题中的关键信息点a cooking club/how much it will cost和D选项中的As for the cost/She must know a lot about cooking.相对应,故选D。
2.F　本题中的关键信息点how to start an environmental club in school和F选项中的You can first give speech-es about protecting the environment at school.相对应,故选F。
3.B　本题中的关键信息点a swimming club/whether his school can help to build a pool和B选项中的pools are expensive/get the swimmers to a nearby pool相对应,故选B。
4.A　本题中的关键信息点an English club/worries about the time and the place they can meet与A选项中的 Setting up an English club/then decide where and when to meet相对应,故选A。5.C　本题中的关键信息点a club about poetry/how to get people to join与C选项中的Reading poems can be very fun./first ask your classmates to join相对应,故选C。
重点词汇　care about关心　think of 考虑,想起　worry about 担心　set up建立　as for至于　even if即使Passage 4(2019广东广州)
阅读短文及文后A~E选项,选出可以填入1~5各题空白处的最佳选项。
Smoke alarms(报警器)
House fires cause many deaths each year and a large number of these fires are unfortunately set by children. 　1???? Kids must understand that they'd better not play with fire. You should keep matches and lighters out of their reach.
　2???? The main job of such an alarm is to protect you while you're asleep. You should have a smoke alarm out-side each bedroom and on each floor of your home. You ought to have two plans for getting out of your house if there is a fire and practise these plans in the dark with your family.
A smoke alarm warns you of the danger. 　3???? Take action immediately. When you come to a closed door, check it with the back of your hand. If it feels hot, there may be smoke or fire behind the door, so take care. Once you are out of your house, call the fire department from a neighbor's house. If a family member or a pet is caught inside, you shouldn't go back in. Firemen know how to perform rescues safely.　4????Change the batteries at least once a year. You should use the test button each month to see if the alarm and batteries are still working. A smoke alarm lasts about ten years. You ought to change it even if it seems to be working.
About two out of three fire deaths happen in homes with no working smoke alarms. 　5????
1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????4.　　????　5.　　????
A.Most of these deaths can be avoided.
B.But when you hear it, you don't have much time.
C.A smoke alarm is only good if it's working properly.
D.So, it's important to teach them that fire is a tool, not a toy.
E.A smoke alarm greatly reduces your chances of being hurt in a fire.答案
[语篇解读]????本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了烟雾报警器的作用及使用时的注意事项,并呼吁每家每户都配备烟雾报警器。
1.D????空后面的句子 Kids must understand that they'd better not play with fire.与选项D中的not a toy相一致,故选D。
2.E　空后面的句子The main job of such an alarm is to protect you while you're asleep.与选项E中的reduces your chances of being hurt相一致,故选E。
3.B　空后面的句子Take action immediately.与选项B中的don't have much time相一致, 故选B。
4.C　空后面的句子Change the batteries at least once a year.和...to see if the alarm and batteries are still work-ing.与选项C中的if it's working properly相一致,故选C。
5.A　空前面的句子About two out of three fire deaths happen in homes with no working smoke alarms.与选项A 中的Most of these deaths相一致,故选A。
重点词汇 a large number of 大量的;ought to 应该;take action采取行动;at least至少;even if即使Passage 5(2019广东广州,A)An elephant and a crocodile were once standing beside a river. They were disputing
which was the better animal.
“Look at my strength,”said the elephant. “I can pull up a tree, roots and all, with my trunk.”
“Ah!But your skin is not nearly so thick as mine,”replied the crocodile. “No knife or tooth can cut through it.”
Just as they were coming to blows, a lion happened to pass.
“My dear friends!”said the King of all animals, going up to them.“Let me know the cause of your disagree-ment.”
“Will you kindly tell us which is the better animal?”cried both at once.
“Certainly,”said the lion, pointing across the river.“Do you see the soldier's metal hat on that wall?”
“Yes!”replied the beasts.“Well, then,”continued the lion, “go and get it, and bring it to me, and I shall be able then to decide between you.”
Upon hearing this, off they started. The crocodile, being used to the water, reached the opposite side of the river first, and was soon standing beside the wall.
Here he waited till the elephant came up. The elephant, seeing that the crocodile had no way of reaching their goal, raised his long trunk, and took down the hat quite easily.
They then made their way together back again across the river. The elephant was trying to keep up with the fast-moving crocodile in the water and became careless. When he was forced to turn sharply to avoid a floating tree branch, the elephant dropped the hat and it fell to the river bottom. The crocodile noticed the accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth. They then returned, and the crocodile laid the metal hat at the lion’s
feet. The King took it up, and turning to the elephant, said:“You, because of your size and trunk, were able to reach the hat on the wall but, having lost it, you were unable to get it back. And you,”said the lion to the crocodile, “although unable to reach the hat, were able to dive for it and save it. You are both wise and able in your own ways. One is no better than the other.”
1.The underlined word “disputing” in Paragraph 1 means 　　????.
A.playing　　B.quarrelling
C.complaining　　D.deciding
2.What did the crocodile think was best about himself?
A.His big mouth.　　B.His strong skin.
C.His swimming skill.　　D.His dangerous teeth.3.How did the lion deal with the animals' disagreement?
A.He ordered them to fight.
B.He made a quick decision.
C.He suggested a competition.
D.He asked them to describe themselves.
4.What caused the elephant to drop the hat?
A.The hat got wet in the river.
B.He hit a floating tree branch.
C.He was trying to swim too fast.
D.He wanted to fight the crocodile.
5.How were the elephant and the crocodile able to complete their task?
A.By working together.　　B.By planning carefully.
C.By sharing their ideas.　　D.By listening to the lion.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,属于寓言故事类。文章讲述了大象和鳄鱼争论谁才是更厉害的动物,后来狮子建议他们进行一次比赛,比赛后在狮子的点拨下,他们明白了一个道理:其实他们俩各有所长,不相上下。他们之所以能完成这次任务,完全是利用各自的优势,共同协作的结果。
1.B　词义猜测题。根据第二段和第三段的对话内容和画线词后面的句子which was the better animal可知,大象和鳄鱼在争论谁是更厉害的动物,故选B。play玩耍; quarrel争吵; complain抱怨; decide决定。
2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段 “Ah! But your skin is not nearly so thick as mine... No knife or tooth can cut through it.”可知,鳄鱼认为自己最厉害的就是自己坚硬的皮肤,故选B。
3.C　细节理解题。根据文中“Do you see the soldier's metal hat on that wall?...go and get it,and bring it to me,and I shall be able then to decide between you.”可知,狮子建议通过一个比赛来解决大象和鳄鱼的争论,故选C。
4.C　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段第二句The elephant was trying to keep up with the fast-moving crocodile in the water and became careless.和第三句When he was forced to turn sharply to avoid a floating tree branch, the elephant dropped the hat and it fell to the river bottom.可知,大象为了追赶上在前方的鳄鱼,游得太快,为了避开树枝,才不小心把帽子弄掉了,故选C。本题易误选B, 原文提到大象被迫急转弯避开漂浮的树枝,但没有提及撞上树枝。
5.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知,大象通过自己高大的身躯和长鼻子拿到了帽子,而鳄鱼因为深谙水性而把帽子从河底捞了上来。所以,最终能完成比赛任务,是因为两者的共同合作,缺一不可,故选A。
长难句
The crocodile noticed the accident, so down he dived, and brought it up in his huge mouth.鳄鱼注意到了这个意外,于是他潜了下去,然后用巨大的嘴巴把它叼了上来。
此句中so连接前后表示因果关系的分句。其中down he dived中,副词提到了主语前。Passage 6(2019广东广州,B)
They say that “travel is the best teacher”and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake(1587—1641). His book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake, not only encour-aged a love of travelling among Chinese people but provided important scientific information about the country's land and geography.
Born into a wealthy Jiangyin family, Xu became interested in books about different places at an early age and wanted to travel. When he was 18, however, Xu's father died and so, it seemed, did his travelling dreams. He now was responsible for the family farm and taking care of his 60-year-old mother as tradition required.
But his mother had different ideas. Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences, this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home. She agreed that Xu could travel for three months every year, when there was less farm work.
So at the age of twenty and with his mother's support, Xu set off for the first time, leaving behind not only his mother but his new wife as well. He would repeat this goodbye each year for most of the next 30 years. During this time, he travelled throughout the Ming kingdom, carefully studying the lands he passed through and record-ing his experiences and many discoveries in a diary. This diary, which once had over 500,000 words, would eventually become The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
Although rich, Xu avoided comfortable travel, preferring to go almost everywhere on foot. This way he could re-search the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world. Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived. His willingness to face hardships came at a cost however. Progress was slow and tiring and he was frequently sick, robbed and beaten during his jour-neys.
Sadly Xu became seriously ill during his last and longest journey, a 4-year trip through the southwest of China. He died in 1641, soon after returning to his hometown for the last time. When his diary was finally printed years after his death, much of it had been destroyed or lost. Although incomplete, it still made Xu a travelling legend around the world.1.What is the passage mainly about?
A.The general details of Xu Xiake's life story.
B.The difficulties Xu Xiake faced in his travels.
C.The important discoveries made by Xu Xiake.
D.The influence of Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake.
2.Which of the following best describes Xu's mother?
A.Strict but interesting.
B.Kind but uneducated.
C.Helpful and hardworking.
D.Supportive and open-minded.3.Why did Xu prefer walking during his travels?
A.It gave him the chance to meet different kinds of people.
B.It helped him to save money and travel for a longer time.
C.It allowed him to see and study the environment in detail.
D.It was the only way to reach the places he was interested in.
4.What is true about Xu's book The Travel Notes of Xu Xiake?
A.It was only made public after Xu died.
B.It made Xu very famous during his lifetime.
C.It was the first travel book ever written in China.
D.It was mainly about the different people of China.5.What is the correct order for the following events from Xu's life?
a.He went on his first journey.
b.His book was finally printed.
c.He returned to his hometown for the last time.
d.He developed an interest in books about other places.
e.He started managing the family farm after his father died.
A.a-e-d-c-b　　B.d-e-a-c-b
C.d-e-a-b-c　　D.e-d-a-b-c答案
[语篇解读]　这是一篇记叙文,同时也是一篇人物传记。文章讲述了徐霞客一生的经历。徐霞客年幼时就对旅行产生了兴趣,父亲去世后在母亲的支持和鼓励下每年独自徒步旅行。在旅行中,他把自己的所见所闻都记录了下来,最终他的旅行日记成了著名的《徐霞客游记》。
1.A　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,整篇文章都是围绕徐霞客的一生来讲述的。文章一开始就提到They say that “travel is the best teacher”and there is no better example of this idea than the Ming dynasty travel writer and geographer Xu Xiake (1587—1641),引出故事的主人公徐霞客,故选A。
2.D　推理判断题。根据文章第三段第二句Understanding her son's love of travel and valuing the knowledge he could get from such experiences,this modern-thinking woman refused to keep her son at home.和第四段第一句So at the age of twenty and with his mother's support, Xu set off for the first time可知,徐霞客的母亲是一个开明的女人,对儿子的做法非常支持,故选D。
3.C　细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句中的on foot和第二句This way he could research the environment in detail and get a true picture of the natural world.可知,徐霞客选择徒步旅行是因为这样有助于他近距离观察、研究环境,更加真实地了解大自然,故选C。
4.A　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段倒数第二句When his diary was finally printed years after his death...可知,《徐霞客游记》是在他去世多年之后才出版的,故选A。选项C在文中并未提及,选项D与事实不符,因为《徐霞客游记》主要内容是写景而并非写人。
5.B　细节理解题。徐霞客的生平事迹按照时间顺序可以描述为:幼时萌生旅行兴趣; 18岁丧父;20岁首次远行;1641年逝世;死后多年游记被出版。故选B。
长难句
Many of his trips were to hard-to-reach mountain areas, and through wild forests where few people lived.他的许多旅行是前往难以到达的山区,并穿过很少人居住的野生森林。
本句是一个主从复合句。关系副词where引导定语从句,修饰先行词wild forests。Passage 7(2019广东广州,C)?Should Museum Entry Be Free?
With international Museum Day coming up, today we are asking readers:Should museums be free or should people have to pay for a ticket?Let us know “your view”.
Comments:
Museums are not only there for enjoyment; they are education. This is why they must be free. While museums need a huge amount of money to operate, let the wealthy pay for it. The idea of a person or child interested in art not being able to view it because of cost is wrong.
Krista Chen(US)—Age 15
Free entry does not attract people or encourage them to appreciate art. Generally people respect things that are difficult or costly to get. Museums should require regular visitors to pay a fee, but provide free tickets as prizes for high-achieving students who can appreciate them more.
Fred Smith(New Zealand)—Age 14
Museums teach people about their past. This is part of our shared culture that should be available to everyone, rich or poor. People should never be asked to pay an entrance fee.
Rob Sanchez(Australia)—Age 17
There are no simple answers. Low ticket prices could help museums stay open. But companies and business-men should also provide museums with more money and other support. They have a social responsibility too.
Amber White(UK)—Age 16
I think museums and art galleries should all be free to the public. I do, however, think twice a year the muse-ums should organize money-raising events to help pay for the cost of staying open.
Li Mishao(China)—Age 151.How many readers support the idea of free museums?
A.2.　　B.3.
C.4.　　D.5.
2.Who suggests museums should regularly hold special events to collect money?
A.Krista Chen.　　B.Fred Smith.
C.Rob Sanchez.　　D.Li Mishao.
3.Why does Fred Smith believe that free tickets should be given to high-achieving students?
A.Students will then study harder.
B.Museums will attract more visitors.
C.Museums can make themselves more famous.
D.These students can better appreciate museums.4.Which of the following does Amber White agree with?
A.Businesses should offer museums more help.
B.People should only pay what they can afford.
C.Free entry doesn't encourage visitors to museums.
D.Everybody should have a chance to visit museums.
5.What can we know about the website?
A.It's quite a new website.
B.It was started in Australia.
C.It's generally for young readers.
D.It mainly discusses scientific topics.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇网络评论。文章就“博物馆是否应该免门票”这一话题展开评论,并展示了5位评论者的观点。
1.B　细节理解题。根据文中评论人的观点:This is why they must be free.(Krista Chen)/ People should never be asked to pay an entrance fee.(Rob Sanchez)/I think museums and art galleries should all be free to the public.(Li Mishao)可知,这三人支持博物馆免费向公众开放,故选B。
2.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段评论人 Li Mishao的观点...twice a year the museums should organize money-raising events to help pay for the cost of staying open.可知,他认为博物馆应该通过举办集资活动来维持日常运营,故选D。
3.D　细节理解题。根据文中Fred Smith的回答...but provide free tickets as prizes for high-achieving students who can appreciate them more. 可知,Fred Smith认为博物馆应该提供免费门票作为奖励给那些能更好地欣赏它们的优秀学生,故选D。4.A　细节理解题。根据文中But companies and businessmen should also provide museums with more money
and other support.可知,Amber White认为企业和商人也应该为博物馆提供更多的资金和其他支持,故选A。
5.C　推理判断题。根据网站名称 Youth News和几位评论者的年龄可以推断出,浏览此网站的一般是年轻的读者,故选C。
高级语块 view n.看法,观点;comment n.评论;amount n.数量,总额;attract v. 吸引;regular adj.有规律的, 定期的;appreciate v.欣赏,赏识;social responsibility社会责任Passage 8(2019广东广州,D)
While the start of a new school year is always exciting, this year was even more so for some students at White Cloud Primary School. They became the world's first kids to be“taught”by an electronic teacher. This elec-tronic teacher is not a human-like robot walking around the classroom. Instead, he is a computer-created head that appears, when needed, on students' computer or phone screens. His name is Bill.
Created by technology company Smart Machines. Bill is able to show human-like behavior. He is designed to teach a special program about environmental-friendly power created by the sun and wind. This program, started in 2005, used to be taught by human teachers.
Just like human teachers, Bill is able to immediately respond to the students' questions and opinions about the topic. Thanks to computer cameras, he is also able to see and react to students' physical actions. For example, if a student smiles at Bill, he responds by smiling back. This two-way exchange helps get the students' attention. More importantly, it allows the program developers to improve Bill's behavior and knowledge base when need-ed.The program has been a great success, according to Smart Machines spokesman Robert Frost. Frost says,“What is interesting to me is the children's reaction to Bill. He really captures their attention.” Frost thinks kids don't find the experience of being taught by smart machines as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.
It is doubtful, however, that human educators will lose their jobs to Bill any time soon. For one, this talking head's
knowledge base is not large. More importantly, even the smartest computer programs can't guess and react to all the unexpected situations that educators face daily. Bill's future might be as a“personal tutor”, providing kids with one-on-one help for different subjects and topics.
1.What is Bill?
A.A human-like robot.
B.A kind of computer game.
C.A computer recording tool.
D.A computer-created talking head.2.How does the two-way exchange help the program developers?
A.It lets them correct students' mistakes.
B.It allows Bill to respond more quickly.
C.It helps them know how to improve Bill.
D.It helps them study students' body language.
3.The underlined word “they” in Paragraph 4 refers to 　　????.
A.kids　　B.older people
C.smart machines　　D.program developers
4.What is Bill NOT good at doing?
A.Attracting students' attention.
B.Understanding body language.
C.Responding to students' questions.
D.Dealing with unexpected situations.5.How might Bill be used in the future according to the last paragraph?
A.To work as human classroom teachers.
B.To encourage students' interest in computers.
C.To give students personal help with different subjects.
D.To watch over the behavior of the students in the classroom.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了机器人Bill老师在白云小学教学的经历。机器人Bill老师能够回答孩子们的问题,对他们的肢体语言做出回应,吸引了孩子们的注意力。但是未来机器人老师是否能够取代真人教师还是备受质疑的,因为机器人老师的知识储备不够大。
1.D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句His name is Bill.可知,前面两句This electronic teacher is not a human-like robot...Instead,he is a computer-created head...以及第三段第一句...Bill is able to immediately re-spond to the students' questions and opinions about the topic.都是对Bill的描写。根据这些描写可知答案为D。
2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段倒数第二句 This two-way exchange helps get the students' attention.和第三段最后一句More importantly, it allows the program developers to improve Bill's behavior and knowledge base when needed.可知,这种方式不仅有助于吸引学生的注意力,而且使程序员在需要的时候还可以对Bill的行为和知识库进行改进,故选C。3.A　词义猜测题。they属于代词, 通常指代前文的人或物。根据they后面have grown up in a time of com-
puters and smart phones.可知,they 代替的是前面的kids, 因为出生在电脑和智能手机应用的时期,而不可能是物,故选A。
4.D　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第三句More importantly, even the smartest computer programs can't guess and react to all the unexpected situations that educators face daily.可知,Bill并不擅长处理意想不到的情况,故选D。
5.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段最后一句话Bill's future might be as a“personal tutor”,providing kids with one-on-one help for different subjects and topics.可知, Bill未来可能成为 “私人家教”,针对不同的学科和主题,为孩子们提供一对一的帮助,故选C。 长难句
Frost thinks kids don't find the experience of being taught by smart machines as strange as older people because they have grown up in a time of computers and smart phones.Frost认为,孩子们不像老年人那样觉得被智能机器教导的经历很奇怪,因为他们成长在电脑和智能手机(普及应用)的时期。
本句是一个主从复合句。动词thinks后跟了一个省略引导词that的宾语从句。在宾语从句中,because引导
原因状语从句。Passage 9(2019深圳,A)
Sending packets, shopping for everyday goods and even building a house, these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition.1.How tall is RoBohoN?
A.0.1 meter.　　B.1 meter.
C.1.8 meters.　　D.101 meters.
2.Which robot is the best helper to the old people's homes?
A.RoBohoN.　　B.Human Support.
C.HRP-5P.　　D.CarriRo.
3.How does the owner of the package open the CarriRo?
A.By working as a postman.
B.By rolling around the street.
C.By following a GPS.
D.By using a code.
4.In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage?
A.Culture.　　B.Sports. C.Science.　　D.People.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇科技题材的文章,介绍了世界机器人展览会上的4款机器人。
1.A　细节理解题。根据文章对机器人RoBohoN的描述RoBohoN,just 10cm tall,可知答案为A。
2.B　推理判断题。根据文章对机器人Human Support的描述It provides much support to different places and keeps in touch with the outside world through the Internet.可知,这款机器人可以在不同地方给人们提供帮助,并且可以和外界取得联系,故选B。
3.D　细节理解题。根据文章对机器人CarriRo介绍的最后一句The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package.可知,包裹的主人是通过发送到手机的密码打开CarriRo的,故选D。
4.C　推理判断题。本文介绍了世界机器人展览会上的4款机器人,和科学有关,故选C。长难句
The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package.接收包裹的人会在智能手机上收到一个密码,用来打开CarriRo并获得包裹。
本句是一个主从复合句,who引导的定语从句修饰先行词The person。动词不定式短语to open...作目的状语。Passage 10(2019深圳,B)
Alice Lee is a high school student studying at a private school. She is doing some voluntary work at an after-school program to help students from poor families.
On the first day of her work, she noticed that many kids were lining up for free sandwiches and fruit. She was surprised. One of the organizers explains that many of these students don't get enough to eat at home. So a school lunch or an after-meal might be the most food they would get all the day. She has also been told that some hungry kids can receive free lunches, but others are only allowed reduced-price meals, and those students' families have to pay for the part of their food.
Lee was shocked. She decided to offer help to those who are suffering from hunger.“I want other kids to under-stand that if you see a problem, you don't have to wait to be an adult to fix it,” says Lee. She and a group of friends are using their programme skill to create a new app called Food of Thought, which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students in a nearby school.1.What did Alice Lee see on the first day of her voluntary work?
A.Children lining up for free food.
B.Children buying sandwiches and fruit.
C.Children learning cooking instructions.
D.Children doing voluntary work.
2.Who should pay for the half-price food?
A.All the hungry children.
B.Kind-hearted strangers.
C.Some poor families.
D.Primary school students.3.What was she doing to help the poor kids?
A.She taught them for free.
B.She opened a lunch account.
C.She developed an app to help them.
D.She offered free food.
4.What is the main idea of this passage?
A.A local school is providing free food for students.
B.A girl is helping poor kids out of hunger.
C.An app will be tested in a school this fall.
D.A group of good friends are working at a school.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个富有爱心的女孩努力帮助贫困的孩子们解决饥饿问题的故事。
1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第一句On the first day of her work, she noticed that many kids were lin-ing up for free sandwiches and fruit.可知,A为正确答案。
2.C　细节理解题。根据文章第二段最后一句...but others are only allowed reduced-price meals, and those students' families have to pay for the part of their food.可知,有些贫困家庭需要支付食物的部分费用,故选C。
3.C　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句She and a group of friends are using their programme skill to create a new app called Food of Thought,which...可知选C。
4.B　主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文讲述一个女孩努力帮助贫穷的孩子们解决饥饿问题,故选B。长难句
She and a group of friends are using their programme skill to create a new app called Food of Thought,which will allow parents, students, and even kind-hearted strangers to donate money to lunch accounts for students in a
nearby school.她和一群朋友正在用他们的程序技能开发一个新的应用程序,叫Food of Thought ,它将允许家长、学生,甚至是心地善良的陌生人捐钱给附近学校的学生的午餐账户。
本句是一个主从复合句, 关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。Passage 11(2019深圳,E)
When Justin Tong was a child, other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him doing lots of housework such as carrying out the rubbish and sending newspapers. But when he grew up, he was better off than his childhood friends and lived a happier and healthier life.
This is the finding of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 children in London. It showed that the chil-dren who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and happier future.“Children who worked in the home or community gained competence(能力) and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,” said Daniel Brown, the psychologist(心理学家) who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves, others felt good about them.”
Brown's study followed these children in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25, 31 and 47. Under Brown, the researchers compared the children's mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs, housework, effort in school, and abilities to deal with problems.
Working at any age is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility, independence, confidence and competence—the underpinnings(基础) of emotional health. They also help him understand that peo-ple must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this.
Yet work isn't everything. As Tolstoy once said,“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love, to work for the person one loves and to love one's work.”
1.What do we know about Justin Tong?
A.He enjoyed a happy life.
B.He felt sorry for the other kids.
C.He always sold newspapers.
D.He seldom collected rubbish.
2.Who will probably succeed in the future according to Paragraph 2?
A.Children who enjoy happier and richer lives.
B.Children who work in the home or community.C.Children who take part in Daniel Brown's study.
D.Children who feel good about people around them.
3.How did Brown follow the children in his study?
A.By giving housework and praise.
B.By interviewing and giving scores.
C.By setting goals and showing love.
D.By solving problems and testing them.
4.What's the purpose of the passage?
A.To talk about an interesting study.
B.To introduce Justin Tong's success.
C.To tell us about childhood activities.
D.To encourage children to work hard.答案
[语篇解读]　一项研究结果发现:那些在孩童时代就努力的孩子,未来会更富裕、更幸福。作者认为童年活动有助于儿童培养责任感、独立性、信心和能力,而这些都是情感健康的基础。
1.A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后一句But when he grew up, he was better off than his childhood friends and lived a happier and healthier life.可知选A。
2.B　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的It showed that the children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and happier future. “Children who worked in the home or community gained competence and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society,”...可知答案选B。
3.B　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的Interviews were repeated at ages 25,31 and 47. Under Brown, the re-searchers compared the children's mental-health scores with their childhood-activity scores.可知选B。
4.D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段所列举的Justin Tong的例子和第四段的第一、二句可以推断出作者写这篇文章的目的就是鼓励人们在孩童时期就应该努力,这样会为未来的成功奠定基础,故选D。长难句
It showed that the children who had worked hard in childhood had a richer and happier future.这表明,那些在童年时期努力工作的孩子有一个更富有、更幸福的未来。
本句是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句;who引导定语从句,修饰先行词the children。Passage 12(2018广东,A)
?
1.The danger that bees are facing is caused by 　　????.
A.beekeepers　　 B.food production
C.human activity　　D.other pollinators2.The World Bee Day was created 　　????.
A.to advise people to keep healthy
B.to help beekeepers sell more bee products
C.to celebrate the coming of spring
D.to make people know the importance of bees
3.During the activities, you can learn all the following EXCEPT 　　????.
A.to make a candle
B.to improve the quality of bees
C.to make tea and coffee
D.to understand the dances of bees
4.Bill, a member of BIPC, and his 5-year-old son will pay 　　???? for tickets to the activities.
A.10 dollars　　B.12 dollars
C.16 dollars　　D.18 dollars5.The money from the sales of tickets 　　????.
A.will be used to protect bees
B.will make BIPC very rich
C.will be given to beekeepers
D.will be spent on the celebrations答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一则广告,通过介绍蜜蜂的重要性及其面临的危险,动员养蜂人参加世界蜜蜂日的相关活动。
1.C????细节理解题。根据文章第一句“Bees are now in danger and its number is going down every year large-ly because of human activity,...”可知答案为C。
2.D????细节理解题。根据第二段的to draw people's attention to the important role of bees可知创立蜜蜂日的目的是让人们知道蜜蜂的重要性。故答案为D。
3.C????细节理解题。根据candle-making lessons可知A选项为学到的内容。根据第三段第一句...learning to improve the quality(质量)of their bees排除B选项。根据Bee Communication下的explain the dances of bees排除D选项。故答案为C。
4.B????细节理解题。由Tickets are $8 for members of BIPC以及Half price for a child.可知Bill的票价是8美元,他儿子的票价是他的一半,为4美元,故总价为12美元。5.A????细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二行“All the money will go to the City Bee Protection Project.”可知钱
用于保护蜜蜂。
长难句
Bees are now in danger and its number is going down every year largely because of human activity, while a third of the world's food production depends on this yellow and black insect and other pollinators.现在蜜蜂处于危险的境地,而且因为人类的活动,它的数量正逐年大量减少,然而三分之一的世界粮食生产有赖于这种黄黑色的昆虫和其他的传授花粉者。
本句中while连接两个并列分句,意为“然而”。while前的分句中的and连接两个并列分句,其中because of为介词短语,在句中作原因状语;while后的分句中的第二个and连接两个并列名词insect和pollinators,作de-pends on的宾语。
重点词汇　put forward the idea提出了想法;draw one's attention to sth.吸引某人的注意力到某事上
词汇积累　improve v.改进,改善;celebrate v.庆祝,庆贺;behavior n.行为,态度;insect n.昆虫;quality n.质量;wax n.蜡Passage 13(2018广东,B)
There's much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it.
Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!
What's more, in deeper water, colors just don't seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths(波长)of light that are reflected(反射)from its sur-face. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.
Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let's take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an ex-ample. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you de-scend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost(鬼怪)! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!
1.You miss the object underwater when you want to touch it because 　　????.
A.your eyesight is quite poor
B.you are not quick enough
C.it is not as close as it seems
D.it disappears very quickly
2.The example of the wet suit is used to explain the change of 　　???? of an object underwater.
A.the size　　B.the color
C.the position　　D.the weight
3.The underlined word “descend”probably means 　　???? in Chinese in this passage.
A.上升　　B.漂浮　　C.屏息　　D.下潜4.Which of the following is true?
A.A four-meter-long fish looks three meters long underwater.
B.The wavelengths of red light are longer than those of blue light.
C.Much water will be taken in by the swimmer deep in the water.
D.You will see a ghost if you go as deep as 6 to 9 meters into the sea.
5.The best title of this passage is 　　????.
A.The Standard of Color Underwater
B.The Direction of Light Underwater
C.The Brightness of Color Underwater
D.The Behavior of Light Underwater答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,讲解了一些水下光学现象,并举例说明水下颜色变化的原因。
1.C????细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are.”可知答案为C项。
2.B????细节理解题。根据第四段第四句的“Watch carefully the changes in color”可知答案为B项。
3.D????词义猜测题。根据上句可知颜色在水面是几乎没有变化的;根据下文的“As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part”可知越往水的深处游,颜色的变化就会越大。故答案为D项。
4.B????细节理解题。根据第四段第五句“...because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors,...”可知红色的光波是三种颜色光波中最长的,故答案为B选项。根据第二段最后一句“...seem to be as much as about 33 percent bigger in water!”可知在水中见到的物体,看起来比实际上的体积大,故排除A选项。根据第三段最后一句“And light is taken in as it moves down through the water.”可知光在水下被吸收了,故排除C选项。根据第四段倒数第二句“...you will look terrible, like a ghost(鬼怪)!”可知你看起来很可怕,像鬼一样,故排除D选项。5.D????主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲解了一些水下光学现象,故答案为D项。
长难句
There's much to see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air.海底有很多东西可看,但是你需要记住光在水中与在空气中的表现并不相同。
本句是并列复合句。but连接两个并列分句,前后两个分句之间为转折关系。but前的分句是简单句,使用了“There be...”句型,but后的分句中含有that引导的宾语从句。
重点词汇　exactly adv.精确地,准确地;surface n.表面,水面;after all毕竟;result from sth.起因于某物;take in吸收
词汇积累　wavelength n.波长;reflect v.反射;descend v.下降;ghost n.鬼Passage 14(2018广东,C)
配对阅读。左栏是对中国传统文化感兴趣的五位外国学生的描述,右栏是中国传统文化活动的简介,请为左栏的每位学生选择一个合适的活动。1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????　4.　　????　5.　　????答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇信息匹配类文章,内容是为对中国传统文化感兴趣的五位外国学生选择一个合适的活动。
1.G????本题关键词traditional Chinese painting, paint bamboo in ink和G项中的Traditional Chinese painting, paint bamboo, ink相对应。
2.D????本题关键词the four great inventions of ancient China和D项中的the four great inventions of ancient Chi-na相对应。
3.B????本题关键词traditional Chinese opera, class, local opera和B项中的Beijing Opera,traditional art, local ac-tors, acting classes相对应。
4.F????本题关键词classic Chinese works, Monkey King和F项中的Journey to the West, one of the four great classic Chinese works相对应。
5.C????本题关键词paper cutting, put up on her window和C项中的Paper cutting, take home the paper cutting相对应。重点词汇　invention n.发明;paper cutting剪纸;a form of...……的一种形式;fine arts美术
词汇积累　round n.(游戏、体育的)一回合,一轮,一局;opera n.歌剧;classic adj.经典的;brush n.毛笔,刷子Passage 15(2018广东广州)
阅读短文及文后A~E选项,选出可以填入1~5各题空白处的最佳选项。
Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. 　1???? In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognised(认定)as the inventor a few years ago. Who is Meucci and why wasn't he known for his invention at the time?
Antonio Meucci was born in Italy in 1808. He studied engineering and drawing. During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity. 　2???? When two places were connected with wire, people in those places could hear each other talk.
In 1850, Meucci and his wife, Ester, moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill. 　3???? To solve this problem, he connected metal cables between his home and his workshop. This way, they could talk to each other conveniently.
Meucci invited a group of people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer was heard through the wires.　4???? Even worse, Meucci never applied for a patent(专利) on his invention. Meanwhile, Alexander Graham Bell was working on the same idea and in 1876 the patent for the telephone was given to him.
In 2002, more than a century after Meucci's death, his work was finally recognised by the government. 　5????
1.　　????　2.　　????　3.　　????4.　　????　5.　　????
A.He discovered that sound could travel through metal cables.
B.However, he wasn't the first person to think of the idea.
C.Unfortunately, only a few people attended this talk.
D.He will now be known all over the world as the telephone's inventor.
E.He needed to keep in touch with her at all times.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了Antonio Meucci是第一个发明电话的人以及他发明电话的过程。
1.B????根据下一句可知他并不是第一个想到这个主意的人,故答案为B项。
2.A???? 根据下一句可知他发现了声音可以通过金属电缆传播,故答案为A项。
3.E????根据上文可知他需要随时和妻子联系,故答案为E项。
4.C????由下文可知此处表示不好的内容,故答案为C项。
5.D????根据上文可知他现在被公认为电话的发明者,故答案为D项。
重点词汇　in amazement惊讶地,吃惊地
词汇积累　recognise v.承认,认出;cable n.电缆;patent n.专利Passage 16(2018广东广州,B)
Experts believe that there are more than 8 million restaurants in the world today. So it might surprise you to learn that restaurants, as we know them, have only existed for a few centuries. Before 1765, there were no restaurants. That is, there were no places that provided the restaurant experience. There was nowhere in which a waiter brought you food and drink that you picked from a menu. In fact, there were no menus anywhere.
There were eating places travellers could go to centuries before that. The countryside was full of inns that would serve food. And there were taverns where one could get drinks. The rich could also eat special meals prepared by private cooks. But none of them could be called a “restaurant”.
A man called Boulanger changed that. In 1765, he opened a place in Paris that sold soups(汤). On his sign he used the word “restaurant” to describe what he was selling. At that time, soups were considered something that could help “restore”(恢复)your health—in French the word “restore” is “restaurer”—so he called the soups “restaurants”. Soon, people started buying Boulanger's soups even when they were not ill. And over time, people began to use the word “restaurant” to refer to a place selling soup rather than the soup itself. More “restaurants” opened in France, and people began to buy soups more often.
Later, restaurants in Paris began to serve other food besides soup. In the 1790s, menus started to appear. By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world. The United States offered coffee shops. Tea houses became popular throughout China. Paris created beautiful restaurants for the rich. The British began to copy the French, and the restaurant idea spread throughout the British Empire.
Today cities are filled with all types of restaurants. Diners have millions of options from which to choose.
1.What is the passage mainly about?
A.How restaurants developed.
B.What made a good restaurant.
C.Who created the first restaurant.
D.Why restaurants became popular.2.According to the first paragraph, what made restaurants different from earlier eating places?
A.Restaurants only served food.
B.Restaurants were more expensive.
C.Restaurants were mainly in cities.
D.Restaurants had a list of meal choices.
3.Who did Boulanger expect to come and eat at his restaurant?
A.Rich people.　　B.Sick people. C.Travellers.　　D.Workers.
4.When it was first used, what did the word “restaurant” refer to?
A.A person.　　B.A place. C.Illness.　　D.Soup.
5.When did restaurants begin to grow internationally?
A.In the 1600s.　　B.In the 1700s.
C.In the 1800s.　　D.In the 1900s.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,介绍了restaurant(餐馆)名字的由来及餐馆的发展。
1.A????主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要是关于餐馆的发展的,故答案为A项。
2.D????细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中“there were no menus anywhere”可知,D项“餐馆有一份可供选择的食物清单”符合题意,故答案为D项。
3.B????推理判断题。根据第三段第四句“...soups were considered something that could help ‘restore’ your health”可推断出“病人”需要恢复健康,故答案为B项。
4.D????细节理解题。根据第三段第四句“...so he called the soups ‘restaurants’”可知答案为D项。
5.C????细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“By the mid-1800s, there were many types of restaurants throughout the world.”可知答案为C项。长难句
At that time, soups were considered something that could help “restore”your health—in French the word “restore” is “restaurer”—so he called the soups “restaurants”.那时,汤被认为是可以帮助恢复你健康的
食物——在法语里“恢复”是“restaurer”——所以他把这些汤称为“restaurants”。
本句是复合句。that引导定语从句,修饰先行词something。破折号间的句子起解释说明的作用。
词汇积累　exist v.存在;option n.选择,选项Passage 17(2018广东广州,C)
Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk(垃圾)has become a problem in outer space too.
According to BBC News, there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes(望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speed, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle.
To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U.S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.
To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
Many scientists are also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.
“The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers,”says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher.
“The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become,”he says.
1.What does the underlined word “these” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Telescopes.　　B.Satellites.
C.Pieces of space junk.　　D.BBC news reports.2.Why is space junk considered a problem?
A.It burns up after it re-enters the atmosphere.
B.It often stops the view of telescopes on Earth.
C.It could force new space tools to travel at slower speed.
D.It may crash into other space tools causing damage or death.
3.Countries want future space tools to be able to fall back into the earth's atmosphere so that 　　????.
A.the tools can be reused later
B.the tools don't become space junk
C.the earth's atmosphere can stay clean
D.the effects of space flight can be studied4.How do the Germans plan to deal with space junk?
A.Catch it with nets.
B.Use robots to collect it.
C.Burn it in the earth's atmosphere.
D.Send it further away from the earth.
5.In which section of the newspaper would you probably read this article?
A.Environment.　　B.Local News.
C.Education.　　D.Fashion.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是一篇说明文,讲述了日益严重的外太空垃圾问题,以及一些国家对此问题的处理情况。
1.C????细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“...there are more than 22,000 pieces of space junk floating...”和下文的“There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk...”可知these指的是“太空垃圾碎片”,故答案为C项。
2.D????细节理解题。由第三段第一句“...even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dan-gerous to astronauts.”可知即使一小块(垃圾)都有可能击破卫星或者对宇航员造成危险,故答案为D项。
3.B????细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.”可知太空工具可在大气层外层烧毁,那么它们就不会成为太空垃圾了,故答案为B项。
4.B????细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句“The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.”可知德国人正制造机器人去收集太空碎片,故答案5.A????主旨大意题。本文主要讲述太空垃圾的问题,属于环境问题,A项“环境”与题意吻合,故答案为A项。
为B项。长难句
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speed,so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts.像旧的太空火箭或卫星的碎片那样的物体围绕地球高速运行,速度之快以至于甚至是一小块(碎片)也能击破重要的卫星或对宇航员造成危险。
本句为复合句。句子主干为Objects move around the planet at very high speed; so...that引导结果状语从句。介词短语like bits of old space rockets or satellites作后置定语修饰主语objects。
重点词汇　atmosphere n.大气,气氛;damage v.破坏
词汇积累　satellite n.卫星;astronaut n.宇航员;additional adj.附加的,额外的Passage 18(2018深圳,B)
Last summer, Mac Hollan, a primary school teacher, was cycling to Alaska with two friends. On the way, his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on, and they would catch up with him soon.
Mac began to cycle alone. A few minutes later, Mac heard quick and loud breathing behind him. “Man, that's a big dog!” he thought. But when he looked to the side, he saw immediately that it wasn't a dog at all, but a wolf, quickly catching up with him.
Mac's heart jumped. He searched and took out his can of bear spray(防熊喷雾). With one hand on the bars, he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief (宽慰), it fell back, shaking its head. A minute later, however, it was again by his side. It even attacked the back of Mac's bike, tearing open his tent bag. He fired at the wolf a second time, and again, it fell back, only to quickly restart the chase (追赶).
Mac was riding hard now. He waved and shouted at passing cars without slowing down.
At that moment, Paul and Becky were driving their car on their way to Alaska. They found a dog-like animal running alongside a man on a bike. As they got closer, they realized that the “dog” was a wolf. Mac heard a large car behind him. He kept waving and shouting as the wolf was catching up closer. And the car did stop in front of him at the right time.
1.Why was Mac riding alone?
A.He wanted to try his bear spray.
B.He liked riding alone all the way.
C.His friends were repairing the bike.
D.His friends returned for their tents.
2.How did Mac feel when he realized a wolf was after him?
A.Calm.　　B.Frightened.
C.Excited.　　D.Painful.3.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to(指代)?
A.The wolf.　　B.The dog.
C.The can.　　D.The cloud.
4.How did Mac ask for help in the end?
A.By cycling hard.
B.By firing the spray.
C.By waving and shouting.
D.By running after the car.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是记叙文,讲述了Mac和朋友一起骑车去阿拉斯加途中,朋友需要停下修车,Mac单独一人继续骑行时被狼袭击并最后获救的故事。
1.C????细节理解题。根据第一段第二句 “...his friends had to stop for a bicycle repair, but they encouraged Mac to ride on”可知答案为C。
2.B????细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Mac's heart jumped.”可知他很害怕,故答案为B。
3.A????细节理解题。根据第三段“he fired the spray at the wolf. A bright red cloud enveloped the animal. To Mac's relief(宽慰), it fell back”可知it指代“狼”,故答案为A。
4.C????细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“He waved and shouted at passing cars...”可知答案为C。Passage 19(2018深圳,C)
The 14th Chinese Language Competition attracted about 1,100 children from kindergarten kids to high school students. The children from different language and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco and competed in events like Chinese calligraphy(书法), drawing and the Chinese poetry recital(背诵).
Thomson, an 11th-grade boy from Justin-Siena High School in Napa city of California, has studied Chinese lan-guage for three years. It was hard for him to learn Chinese at the beginning, because it was one of the most diffi-cult languages in the world. However, the writing of Chinese characters is a form of art, which made him feel different. “It's amazing to see how attractive Chinese culture is,” he said.
Julie, a 12th-grade girl shared her similar experience of learning Chinese for four years. When recalling her trip in Beijing and Shanghai, she expressed huge interest in shared bikes, “The shared bike is known as one of the new ‘Great Inventions’ of China, along with China's Express Railway and Alipay online payment system. They amaze the whole world as part of China's rapid rise.”
According to the hosting organization, the Confucius Institute at San Francisco State University, the competition was mainly for American and overseas Chinese kids. It aimed to set a platform to present (展示) their Chinese language and culture talents. It also helped to deepen the understanding of young Americans about the Chinese culture and history.
1.Where was the 14th Chinese Language Competition held?
A.In Beijing.　　B.In Shanghai.
C.In Napa city.　　D.In San Francisco.
2.What is among the new “Great Inventions” of China according to the passage?
A.Railway.　　B.Paper making. C.The shared bike.　　D.Chinese calligraphy.
3.Which statement is TRUE about the competition?
A.All college students took part in it.
B.It was not only for overseas Chinese kids.
C.It was hosted by Justin-Siena High School.
D.Students competed in different languages.4.What is the best title for the passage?
A.Chinese Culture Talent Show Presented
B.New “Great Inventions” Made in China
C.Chinese Language Competition Held Again
D.Ways to Learn the Chinese Language Shared答案
[语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章介绍了第十四届汉语语言比赛的情况及其目的。
1.D????细节理解题。由第一段第二句的“The children from different language and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco...”可知答案为D。
2.C????细节理解题。根据第三段的“The shared bike is known as one of the new ‘Great Inventions’ of Chi-na.”可知答案为C。
3.B????细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The children from different language and cultural backgrounds met in San Francisco”可知参赛选手来自不同的文化背景,故答案为B。
4.C????主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章重点介绍第十四届汉语语言比赛的情况及其目的,与C项内容相符。本题干扰项为A项,错因在于以偏概全。
高级语块　1.China's rapid rise中国的迅速崛起　2.set a platform to...为……创设了平台　3.deepen the un-derstanding of...加深了对……的理解Passage 20(2018深圳,D)
Shenzhen, Jan 1st,2018—Shenzhen has become the world's first city to make all its public buses, about 16,359, run on electricity. A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones. “We will replace (替换)the rest of the taxis with electric ones by 2020,” said Mr. Chen from the government.
“I have been a driver for twenty years,” said Mr. Zhang, a driver who started to drive e-buses a month ago. “We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams before we were allowed to drive the e-buses.”
The city has built 8,000 charging poles(充电柱)and 501 bus charging stations. “A bus can be fully charged within two hours and the charging poles can serve 300 buses a day at our station. Since the replacement, the bus terminal has become quiet, even as the e-buses are entering and exiting the station,” said Mr. Guan, the manag-er of Qinghu Bus Station.
The use of e-buses and e-taxis plays an important role in improving air quality. In a year, the e-buses use 72.9 percent less energy than the traditional ones. The e-taxis will save the energy of 119,000 tons of standard coal.
Shenzhen was one of the first 13 cities to take part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program (NNVP). In 2017, the city spent 3.3 billion yuan on e-buses and the charging equipment. The city also encourages people to buy new-energy cars or e-cars by reducing their payment.
1.How many e-taxis were there in Shenzhen in January, 2018?
A.8,000.　　B.12,518.　　C.16,359.　　D.11,900.
2.What is the influence of the replacement according to Mr. Guan?
A.It saves 72.9 percent energy.
B.It helps to improve air quality.
C.The bus station has become quiet.
D.People will pay more if they buy e-cars.3.What can we infer(推断)from the passage?
A.It is not easy to be an e-driver.
B.Shenzhen is the first to use e-taxis.
C.13 cities are in the NNVP besides Shenzhen.
D.There are 300 charging poles at each bus station.
4.What is the main idea of the passage?
A.E-buses and e-taxis can save more energy in Shenzhen.
B.Shenzhen took part in the National New-energy Vehicle Program.
C.It is fast and convenient for the e-buses to be changed in Shenzhen.
D.Shenzhen is replacing its public buses and taxis with electric ones.答案
[语篇解读]　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了深圳市参加了全国新能源汽车计划,把大量的公车和出租车换成了电动车,并说明了目前的情况及其影响。
1.B????细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“A total of 12,518 taxis, or 62.5 percent of all the taxis in the city are electric ones.”可知答案为B。
2.C????细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Since the replacement, the bus terminal has become quiet...”可知答案为C。
3.A????推理判断题。根据第二段张先生说的话“We had several rounds of training and passed strict exams be-fore we were allowed to drive the e-buses.”可推断出要成为电动汽车司机要通过严格的培训和考试,故答案为A。
4.D????主旨大意题。通读全文可知文章主要介绍深圳把公交车和出租车换成电动汽车的情况,故答案为D。A、B、C选项只是文章提及的部分内容而并非主旨。
高级语块　1.play an important role in...在……起重要作用 2.take part in参加Passage 21(2018深圳,E)
Artificial intelligence(人工智能), or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.
AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition(识别) is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals(罪犯). Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing(网约车) drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.
AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them“speak” to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For ex-ample, if a driverless car is yielding(让路), it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.
Service Robots also show you how powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.
AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.
1.What does the underlined word “identify” mean in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.To let somebody know his mistakes.
B.To come to realize and tell who is who.
C.To take somebody to the police station.
D.To inform somebody of something important.
2.According to the passage, what is facial recognition used for?
A.Driving cars. B.Making peop

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